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Overview of Space Situational Awareness in Japan
Feb. 26th, 2015
Deputy Director Nobuhiro SAKAMOTO Office of National Space Policy, Cabinet Office, Japan
Agenda
1 History of Space Policy and SSA in Japan 2 Present Situation of SSA in Japan 3 Japan’s Approach on SSA for the future
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Agenda
1 History of Space Policy and SSA in Japan 2 Present Situation of SSA in Japan 3 Japan’s Approach on SSA for the future
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History of Number of Objects in Outer Space
Reference : Orbital Debris Quarterly News, Volume 18, issue 1, Jan. 2014, NASA, U.S. 4
Predawn of Japan’s Effort on SSA
Reference : Orbital Debris Quarterly News, Volume 18, issue 1, Jan. 2014, NASA, U.S.
2001 Observation started by BSGC Telescope
2004 Observation started
by KSGC Radar
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1989 Study on observing
Space Debris by Telescope
1971 Study on Collision
Probability of Satellites
Recent Major Events related with Japan’s SSA
Reference : Orbital Debris Quarterly News, Volume 18, issue 1, Jan. 2014, NASA, U.S.
2007 China’s Anti-Satellite Test
2008 The Basic Space Law
2009 Satellite Collision
2013 MOU on SSA Services and
Information sharing between Japan and U.S.
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Agenda
1 History of Space Policy and SSA in Japan 2 Present Situation of SSA in Japan 3 Japan’s Approach on SSA for the future
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Optical and Radar Observation in Japan
JAXA Terminal
JSF Bisei Space Guard Center (BSGC) [ Telescope ]
JSF Kamisaibara Space Guard Center (KSGC) [ Radar ]
JAXA Tsukuba Space Center Tracking and Control Center (TACC)
TACC
Obs. Planning [BSGC, KSGC]
Obs. Data Processing
[BSGC, KSGC]
Orbit Calculation &
Analysis
Conjunction Assessment
Re-entry Analysis
Planning & Data
JSF: Japan Space Forum
Okayama Pref. Ibaraki Pref.
JAXA Since 2001
Since 2004
Planning & Data
BSGC KSGC
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System Concept Phased Array Radar with mechanical turn. (AZ) Array size : 2.8 x 2.8 m Beam number : 10 (max) Freq. : S-band Phased array scan : +15deg ~ +75deg (EL), +/- 45deg (Az) Mechanical scan : 360deg (Az)
Spec. Capability : 1m diameter at 600km range
History Apr. 2004, Obs. start
Phased array scan (El)
Phased array scan (Az)
Mechanical Scan (Az)
KSGC Radar Summary
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System Concept 1m Telescope Focus mode : Cassegrain, F~3 FOV : 3deg CCD : 2,000 x 4,000 x 4 50cm Telescope Focus mode : Cassegrain, F~2 FOV : 2deg CCD : 2,000 x 2,000 x 1 Observation coverage : Equator +/- 15deg, 68degE ~ 200degE
Spec. Approx. 1m @ GEO
History
Feb. 2002, Obs. start (1m) Feb. 2001, Obs. start (50cm)
1m 50cm
Equator
68°200°
E E
Observation coverage on GEO
NP
JSF JSF
BSGC Telescope Summary
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May 2013, MOU on SSA services and information sharing (U.S. to Japan) May 2014, Agreement on SSA information sharing (Japan to U.S.)
two-way SSA information sharing Japan U.S.
JSF Bisei Space Guard Center [BSGC]
JSF Kamisaibara Space Guard Center [KSGC]
Cooperation between Japan and USA on SSA
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JAXA Satellite Operation JSF Bisei Space
Guard Center [BSGC] JSF Kamisaibara Space Guard Center [KSGC]
JAXA Flight Dynamics Team at TACC
JSpOC
Dec. 2013 -
May 2013 -
May 2014 -
Conjunction Summary Message
(CSM/CDM)
Orbit Information Orbit Management
Conjunction Assessment
(CA)
KSGC, BSGC Observation Data
Cooperation between JAXA and JSpOC after MOU
Agenda
1 History of Space Policy and SSA in Japan 2 Present Situation of SSA in Japan 3 Japan’s Approach on SSA for the future
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● Strategic Headquarters for Space Policy (September 12, 2014)
Recent changes of the security environment surrounding Japan. Growing importance of outer space in our national security. Needs of recovery and strengthening of the industrial base. ○ Prime Minister Abe provided direction to formulate New “ Basic Plan on Space Policy ” New “Basic Plan on Space Policy”
• Reflect the new security policy(December 17, 2013) • Establish long-term(10 years) development plan • Clarify the priority of projects
Prime Minister Abe’s Direction on Space Policy
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v) SSA : Space Situational Awareness (Tentative Translation) By around the early 2020s, we will construct SSA-related facilities and an operational framework required for space situational awareness, which is based on Japan-U.S. partnership, and integrated with MOD, JAXA and other Japanese governmental institutions. During the same period, we will advance discussions on reinforcement of partnerships between Japanese related governmental institutions and USSTRATCOM etc., as well as data collection and adjustments contributing to the construction of this operational framework etc.. (CAO, MOFA, MEXT, MOD, etc.)
New Basic Plan on Space Policy
● Strategic Headquarters for Space Policy (January 9, 2015)
New Basic Plan on Space Policy was determined.
Concrete matters such as the number of satellites and the year of start for each projects were described.
New Basic Plan on Space Policy consists of “Main Text” and “ Implementation Schedule”, with the Schedule revised every year by the Strategic Headquarters for Space Policy.
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FY 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 onward
SSA
: Spa
ce S
ituat
iona
l Aw
aren
ess
Construct SSA-related facilities and an operational framework integrated with MOD, JAXA and other Japanese governmental institutions. [CAO, MOFA, MEXT, MOD, etc.]
4. (2)v) SSA : Space Situational Awareness (Tentative Translation)
SSA: Space Situational Awareness Discussions on reinforcement of partnership between Japanese related organizations and USSTRATCOM etc. (Data collection and adjustments contributing to the construction of operational framework etc.) [CAO, MOFA, MEXT, MOD, etc.]
Studies on concretizing the capabilities of SSA system. [CAO, MEXT, MOD]
SSA Study on FY2014 and FY2015 ●FY2014 Purpose ①To clarify the most suitable SSA system from the view point of
operation, maintenance, etc… ②To study the applicability of PFI （Private Finance Initiative） for
our SSA system. MOD, MEXT and ONSP are jointly carrying out this study.
●FY2015 Purpose
To determine the most suitable SSA capability by the simulation and trade-off study which take into account the distribution of space objects and weather, cost, etc… MOD, MEXT and ONSP will jointly carry out this study.
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