1

Making buildings better 1 1

Overview of Life Cycle Cost

& Carbon Techniques

28 November 2014

Peter Tse

BSRIA Principal Design Consultant

Making buildings better 2

LCC Process

Making buildings better 3

Understanding the problem

• The problem is defined by the client

• Ensure functional equivalence

• The Base Case is the first choice of solution

– all Alternatives compared against base case

• It may be the “do nothing” solution

Making buildings better 4

Cost & Time Data

Sources

025

5075

100

125150

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Year

£k Boiler A

Boiler B

Cost data Timing data

Initial installation &

replacement

Spons, Rules of Thumb, BCIS,

Contractor estimates

Published - CIBSE/HAPM/BLP,

refined with ISO factors, Estate

records

Energy Consumption calcs + DECC

statistics, Suppliers

Recurring

Maintenance &

management

BMI database, Maintenance

contracts, Estate records

Recurring

Making buildings better 5

Net Present Value

025

5075

100

125150

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Year

£k Boiler A

Boiler B

• Discount Rate – Value associated with time

• Varies depending on organisation

Making buildings better 6

50.0

75.0

100.0

125.0

150.0

175.0

200.0

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

Pri

ce in

dex

(re

al, 2

005=

100)

Time

Fuel price index numbers relative to the GDP deflator

Coal andsmokelessfuels

Gas

Electricity

Heating oils

Energy cost is one of the biggest uncertainties in

LCC

‘Quarterly energy prices’ - DECC publication giving energy prices to domestic and industrial consumers

http://www.decc.gov.uk/assets/decc/statistics/source/prices/qep213.xls

Making buildings better 7

Discount Rate Sensitivity

£2,000

£4,000

£6,000

£8,000

£10,000

£12,000

£14,000

£16,000

£20,000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Year

3.50%

5.00%

7.00%

10.00%

£18,000

Effect of different discount rates & timings on a £20,000 cost

Making buildings better 8

Interpreting the Results

• Pre-design/RIBA B 30%

• Feasibility/RIBA C 25%

• Detailed design/RIBA F 10%

• Bid/post appointment 5%

Heating

philosophy

System

design

Equipment

selection

Making buildings better 9

OPERATIONAL CO2

+

EMBODIED CO2

Carbon Footprint

Making buildings better 10

Operational Carbon

10

Making buildings better 11

resource

extraction

&

processing

design

manufacturing &

retail

distribution

collection

re-use,

recycling,

energy

recovery,

disposal

use

Embodied Carbon What do I need?

• Boundaries

Making buildings better 12

Embodied Carbon What do I need?

• Material data

215 mm 102.5 mm

65 mm

Brick mass = 2.3 kg

60 bricks / m²

Density of mortar mix 1:5 (cement:sand) = 1400 kg/m²

• Assumptions – Allowance for waste

Making buildings better 13

Embodied Carbon What do I need?

• Select Embodied Data

Bricks:

EC = 0.55 kgCO2e per brick

Mortar:

EC = 0.156 kgCO2e/kg

Transport:

EC = 0.15 kgCO2e/tkm

Making buildings better 14

Make a Decision

15

Making buildings better 15 15

Thank you for listening

Peter Tse

peter.tse@bsria.co.uk

Tel: +44 (0) 1344 465651| Mob: +44 (0) 7957 473856

www.bsria.co.uk