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Carbon cum Energy Audit Workshop
Mr. Coleman Tse27 Feb 2012
2
Talk Outline
Part 1 – Carbon Audit Part 2 – Carbon Reduction Label Part 3 – HKQAA Background
Carbon Audit
Part I
Introduction to:
• What is a “Carbon Audit”?
• Why should we do a “Carbon Audit”?
• How to do a “Carbon Audit”?
What is a Carbon Audit? A means of measuring (accounting or
quantification) and recording (reporting) the Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) emissions of an organisation [in tonnes of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) equivalent]
Sometimes it is called a ‘Carbon Footprint’
Greenhouse Gases (GHGs)
Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere Six internationally-recognized greenhouse
gases regulated under the Kyoto Protocol: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Methane (CH4) Nitrous Oxides (N2O) Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)
Why should we do a Carbon Audit?
Global Warming is being caused by GHGs Carbon Dioxide (CO2) accounts for 84% of all GHGs
Greenhouse Gas Emission
Source: Energy Information Administration, Washington D.C. United States
Why should we do a Carbon Audit?
Kyoto Protocol (latest ratified by UN membership in 2007) establishes targets for industrialised nations to cut GHG emissions
Industrialized countries to reduce their combined greenhouse gas emissions by at least 5% compared to 1990 levels by the period 2008-2012
Carbon Audit is the first step in developing strategies to manage and reduce GHG emissions of the organization Input for setting GHG target (emission reduction, some
may lead to potential saving!)
Demonstration of corporate social responsibility
Meeting stakeholder expectation / brand value
Why should we do a Carbon Audit?
How to do a Carbon Audit?
1. Define Organizational Boundary Decide “Where” to measure based on operations that a
company legally owned or control Two main options for consolidating GHG emission
Management Control Approach Account for all GHG emissions from facilities over which you have
operational or financial control Operational control approach most accurately represents the
emission sources that an organization can influence Wholly owning an operation, facility, building, process or project Having the full authority to introduce and implement operational
policies Licence / contract to operate
Equity Share Approach Account for GHG emissions in proportion to the % ownership
over the facility
Reporting Emission under Management Control Approach & Equity Share
Management Control Equity Share
Full ownership 100% 100%
30% owned with control of the facility (joint venture company)
100% 30%
80% owned without control of the facility (joint venture company)
0% 80%
0% owned, but operator of the facility (property management)
100% 0%
Not owned but have financial or operating lease
100% 0%
Fixed asset investment 0% 0%
How to do a Carbon Audit?
2. Define Geographical Boundary Physical location, area, services, facilities, e.g. site
boundaries of building
3. Establish base year Set a base year to track emission trends Year in which Scope 1 & 2 data can be reliably
collected Single base year Average of several year Rolling base year [the base year is always last year]
How to do a Carbon Audit? 4. Define Operational Boundary The specific activities that are components of GHG emission
Scope of Control GHG Sources
1 Direct emission from source owned or controlled by the organization
Stationary sourceProcess emissionMobile sourceFugitive (leaks or venting)
2 Indirect emission from purchased electricity, gas, heating or cooling
Purchased electricityPurchased gas
3 Other indirect emission which are consequences of an organization’s activities, but arise from sources that are owned or controlled by others(optional)
Transport-related activities Outsourced activitiesWaste disposal
How to do a Carbon Audit?5. Identify GHG Sources [Example: Connie Pizza & Noodle Shop]
Scope Operation Process / Activities GHG Sources
1 (Direct) Stationary combustion
Emergency generator set Boiler for steam generation Gas cooking stove
CO2, N2O
Process emission
Solid waste treatment (food waste / oil scum / sludge)
CO2, CH4
Mobile combustion
Motorcycle for food delivery CO2, N2O, CH4
Fugitive emission
Use of refrigerant in air conditioning unit Fire extinguishing equipment
HFCs / PFCs
2 (Indirect) Electricity use Lighting / air conditioning Electricity consumption (CO2)
Towngas use Towngas for cooking & hot water Consumption of Towngas (CO2)
3 (other indirect)
Paper use Manu, bills, leaflets, printed matters CO2
How to do a Carbon Audit?
6. Choosing Calculation Methodology Calculation-based approach :
Emission = Consumption (activity) x Emission Factor Direct measurement of consumption Consumption mass balance:
Total fuel used = (fuel purchased) + {(stock at beginning of year) – (stock at end of year)}
Measurement-based approach Predictive emissions monitoring system Continuous emissions monitoring system
How to do a Carbon Audit?
7. Choosing Emission Factor (EF) & Global Warming Potential (GWP) Use default emission factors (EPD / IPCC)
Fuel Type Emission Factor (for stationary source) Unit
Diesel 2.641 Kg CO2 / Liter
0.0239 g CH4 / Liter
0.0074 g N2O / Liter
Global Warming Potential
Each GHG has a different ability to trap atmospheric heat, gases with high GWP trap heat better than gases with lower GWP
GWP of CO2 is used as standard, other gases can be converted to carbon dioxide
equivalent(CO2-e) units
How to do a Carbon Audit?
8. Collect Data Collect annual data for each of the activities
defined: Amount of Oil / gas combusted, refrigerant leaked,
petrol used for vehicles, annual kilowatt hour electricity consumed, etc.
Receipts & bills, Purchasing records Measurement data e.g. flow meter, level gauge Maintenance records e.g. replenishment Inventory Monitoring records e.g. discharge concentration
How to do a Carbon Audit?
9. Calculate Emission: Diesel used for boiler = 5000L
[CO2 Emission (tons)]:
5000 (L) x Emission Factor (kg CO2 /L = 2.641) x 0.001(ton/kg) = 13.2
[CH4 Emission (tons)]:
5000 (L) x Emission Factor (g CH4/L = 0.0239) x 0.000001(ton/g) = 0.00012
[N2O Emission (tons)]
5000 (L) x Emission Factor (g N2O/L= 0.0074) x 0.000001(ton/g) = 0.00004
Converting to CO2 equivalent:
CH4 Emission (tons) x GWP = CH4 Emissions (tons CO2 equivalent)
0.00012 x 21 = 0.0025 N2O Emission (tons) x GWP = N2O Emission (ton CO2 equivalent)
0.00004 x 310 = 0.012Total Emission (tons CO2 equivalent) = 13.2 + 0.0025 +0.012 = 13.21
10. Develop GHG Inventory [ Connie Pizza & Noodle Shop]Source / Calculation
Methodology
Emission factor Activity data required GHG emission GHG Emission
(CO2 equivalent)
Diesel use for boiler[consumption (L) x EF]
CO2 = 2.614 (kg/L)
CH4 = 0.0239 (g/L)
N2O = 0.0074 (g/L)
Fuel supplier invoice from Jan to Dec 2008 Diesel tank level record from 1 Jan & 31 Dec 08 Spillage record in 2008
5000L used13.2 + 0.0025 +0.012
13.21
Gas use for cooking[consumption (unit) x EF]
CO2 = 2.815 (kg/unit)
CH4 = 0.0446 (g/unit)
N2O = 0.0099 (g/unit)
Towngas bill from Jan – Dec 08Gas leakage report in 2008
30000 units used84.45 + [0.0013x21] + [0.0003 x 310]
84.57
Leakage of refrigerant (R-407C)[leakage (kg) x GWP]
Purchase record 2008 Disposal record Maintenance record (before/after)New equipment filling record
568 +100– 27– 632 = 9Kg leakage9 x 1526 = 13734Kg = 13.7 ton
13.7
Fuel use for motorcycle[ Petrol (L) x EF]
CO2 = 2.36 (kg/L)
CH4 = 1.422(g/L)
N2O = 0.046(g/L)
Petrol invoice from oil company of 2008
12000L petrol used28.32+[0.017x21]+[0.00055x310]
28.9
Electricity = 25000 KWhTowngas = 30000 unit
0.7 Kg CO2 / KWh
0.6 Kg CO2 / unit
Electricity bill (2008)Towngas bill (2008)
17.5 + 18 35.5
Total (ton) 175.88
How to do a Carbon Audit?
11. Reporting Tota l GHG emissions
Our total carbon footprint for 2008 is 175.88 tonnes CO2e
Carbon value per employee (per job / project / department) This equates to 11.8 tonnes per full time equivalent
staff member
Power used per square foot (offices) Benchmark results inter- and intra-industry
GHG Target
GHG target is a planning tool to drive GHG reduction Examples from corporations:
Polaroid Reduce CO2 emissions 20% below its 1994 emissions by year-end 2005; 25% by 2010
Shell Manage GHG emissions at 5% or more below 1990 baseline by 2010
Intel Reduce PFCs by 10% from 1995 levels by 2010
CLP A reduction in the CO2 intensity from 0.84kg CO2 /kWh (as at 30 June 2007) to 0.2kg CO2 /kWh by 2050
Johnson & Johnson
Reduce GHGs 7% from 1990 levels by 2010
GHG Target Our target for 2009 is to reduce our carbon
footprint by 5% as compare 2008 Actions planned include:
Understanding how to obtain the greatest energy efficiency from our kitchen and dinning hall ( re-commissioned HVAC systems, window replacement for better insulation, photo voltaic installation)
Increasing our efforts to encourage maximum recycling and energy saving by staff
Investigating whether it is feasible to compost our food waste.
GHG Removal One acre of trees removes up to 2.6 tons of
carbon dioxide each year.International Society of Arboriculture
Carbon Management begins with Carbon Audit Wal-Mart found that its biggest emissions were from refrigeration of transport
fleet Walkers found that the biggest part of its crisps’ carbon footprint is the fertiliser
farmers use to grow potatoes Brewer Adnams discovered that processing a bottle accounts for the biggest
chunk of CO2.
References World Resources Institute & World Business Council for
Sustainable Development, The Greenhouse Gas Protocol – A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard
The Climate Registry, General Reporting Protocol, 2008 Intergovermental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2006
IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories ISO 14064-1:2006 Greenhouse Gases - Part 1:
Specification with Guidance at the Organization Level for Quantification and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals
Carbon Reduction Label2.
Carbon Reduction Label
Helps companies communicate their reduction achievement on GHG emission
Allows an organization to demonstrate its commitment to manage and reduce GHG emission
Carbon Reduction Label
Conduct carbon audit – base year
Implement GHG reduction programs
Conduct carbon audit – current year
Measure reduction results
Carbon Reduction Label
Self assessment
Verification and confirm measurement by HKQAA
Award of label
Carbon Reduction Label
Application – organization, buildings, products, projects, processes
Measure, Reduce and Communicate
Carbon Reduction Label
Act as the bridge between carbon conscious organizations and their stakeholders
3. HKQAA Background
HKQAA BackgroundHKQAA Background A non-profit independent Conformity Assessment
Body (CAB), incorporated by Hong Kong Government Industry Department in 1989 as a company limited by guarantee
A leading CAB in Hong Kong that providing 8000+ manday services per year
With over 3800 system certificates spanning over various industries & accounted for more than 50% of market share
Headquarter in HK, with offices in Guangzhou, Shanghai and Suzhou, and with representatives in US and UK
Operation in China approved by Certification and Accreditation Administration of the People’s Republic of China (CNCA)
Organization & Management
Direct & monitor by the Governing Council that is formed by 22 reputable leaders in different sectors, such as government, buyers, suppliers, trade association, academics and professional institutions
Contribution to SocietyContribution to Society
Established HKQAA-BCS Fund (Business and Community Supporting Fund) - $10 million
Funding to support the University research of best practice of management system
Advisory role to Government in product certification & related regulation
Setup Eco-manufacturing Resources Centre & Food Safety Resources Centre to support industry for meeting green manufacturing & food safety requirements
Annual symposium, conference and seminar Provide input to support 6 pillars initiatives of HKSAR Government Assist HKSAR Government to develop assessment standard for
Red Wine Storage certification scheme Organizing Quality Building Award (QBA) Supporting the annual OHS awards that organizing by OHS Council
Contribution to SocietyContribution to Society
Participation in charity works
HKQAA-BCS Fund to support the University
research
Contribution to SocietyContribution to Society
Sponsor to HK Eco-Products Award
Support Quality Building Award
Contribution to SocietyContribution to Society
Co-organize with Government and other public bodies to organize symposiums and seminars
Contribution to SocietyContribution to Society
Different symposiums for sharing
Contribution to SocietyContribution to Society
Co-operate with cooperates to promote the
management systems
Our Clients
Public Sectors
Utility Sectors
Our Clients
Private Sectors
The End
Thank you !