Our know-how makes your success - I-TRANS · PDF fileCONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior written permission of CREPIM is prohibited. CREPIM recognition 1999 : COFRAC

CONFIDENTIAL - Disclosure or reproduction without prior written permission of CREPIM is prohibited.

Guillaume FORTIER Ingénieur Praticien – Pôle Essais

Our know-how makes your success

Franck POUTCH Directeur Technique

Stéphane BOISSEL Responsable Pôles Essais et

Certification

Fire and rolling stock

prEN 45 545 : does new standard mean new materials?

Member of AIF

http://www.abe-industry.com/railim/index.php


CREPIM recognition

1999 : COFRAC 77-1, 2 & 3 accreditation

2003 : CERTIFER (SNCF/RATP) recognition

for I and F-rankings (NF F16-101&102)

2010 : French Home Office recognition (M-ranking,

Procès-Verbal)

Since 2008 : Participation in round robin tests led by CERTIFER

Full equipped and COFRAC accredited on all the pr EN 45545 tests

including the complete seat test – Annex A&B

2



prEN 45 545: does new standard mean new materials?

New changes are ongoing in the railway industry, due to the

Interoperability of the Trans-European High-Speed Rail System

Directive, which aims to standardize the regulation in order to

guarantee the same level of security whatever the location in the EU.

These new trends imply key changes in the material development

approaches that involve product with a low kinetic of degradation.

This implies the use of new fire-retardant chemistry and opens the

space for a new generation of solutions, which has been achieved in

thermoset resins, although there is still work to be done for other

polymeric applications.

Executive summary



Introduction

pr EN 45545 - part 1

pr EN 45545 - part 2 o FIRST : fire assessment

o Case studies (inner wall, circuit breaker)

o Complete seat test

Bold ideas o Key drivers

o Grouping rules

o Assemblies

Conclusion

Summary



Free market

Interoperability

Free flow of goods and people in the world

Mass transport

STI / standards

STI : Main requirements for sub-systems

Basis of the CEN TS 45545

Council Directive 9648EC (23/07/96) on the interoperability of the Trans-European high-speed rail system

Directive 200116EC (19/03/01) of the European Parliament and of the Council on the interoperability of the Trans-European conventional rail system

Fire safety

standard

Standards : CEN, CENELEC and ETSI

TS 45545 (parts 1 to 7)

: fire safety requirements



Essential Requirements

o Safety

o Reliability and availability

o Health

o Environmental protection

o Technical compatibility

Technical Specifications

for Interoperability



Part 1 General

Part 2 Requirements for fire behaviour of materials and

components Minimise the possibility of ignition of materials installed on railway vehicles due to

accidents or vandalism

Part 3 Fire resistance requirements for fire barriers

Part 4 Fire safety requirements for rolling stock design

Part 5 Fire safety requirements for electrical equipment

Part 6 Fire control and management systems

Part 7 Fire safety requirements for flammable liquid and flammable

gas installations

prEN45545 - Railway applications

Fire protection on railway vehicles



Introduction pr EN 45545 - part 1

pr EN 45545 - part 2 o FIRST : fire assessment




o Grouping rules

o Assemblies

Conclusion

Summary



This Part of pr 45545 covers

o Principal definitions (alarm, exposed area, fire barrier door…)

o 4 Operation categories

o 4 Design categories

o Fire safety objectives

o General requirements for fire protection

measures and their evaluation of

conformity

pr 45545 Part 1



OC 1 : Vehicles for operation on infrastructure (tunnel or elevated structures < 1km

in length) where railway vehicles may be stopped with minimum delay, and where a safe

area can always be reached immediately.

OC 2 : Vehicles for operation on underground sections, tunnels and/or elevated

structures (< 5 km in length), with side evacuation available and where there are

stations or rescue stations that offer a place of safety to passengers, reachable within a

short running time 4min (min speed 80 km/h).

OC 3: Vehicles for operation on underground sections, tunnels and/or elevated structures (> 5 km in length), with side evacuation available and where there are stations or rescue stations that offer a place of safety to passengers, reachable within a long running time 15min (min speed 80 km/h).

OC 4: Vehicles for operation on underground sections, tunnels and/or elevated

structures (< 5 km in length), without side evacuation available and where there are

stations or rescue stations that offer a place of safety to passengers, reachable within a

short running time 4min (min speed 80 km/h).

4 Operation categories (OC)


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A: Automatic train having

with no emergency trained staff on board

D: Double decked vehicles

S: Sleeping and couchette vehicles

N : All other vehicles (standard vehicles)

4 Design categories



3 Hazard Levels (HL1 to HL3)

Hazard levels are the combination between the operation category

and design category

o HL1 = Tramway

o HL2 = TGV, TER, RER, Subway… 90% of the market

o HL3= Subway, Tube, Sleeping and couchette cars

Severity

degree


http://bmarchismouren.files.wordpress.com/2007/07/tramway.jpg

http://www.regionurbainedelyon.fr/images/643-1-lyon-ter-gare-part-dieu-3.jpg

http://www.chine-evasion.com/add-doc/done/train_couchette2.gif


Introduction pr EN 45545- part 1 pr EN 45545- part 2

o FIRST : fire assessment




o Grouping rules

o Assemblies

Conclusion

Summary



This part of pr EN 45545 covers

o The Hazard Level Classification

o The generic material classes and the requirement classes

o Test methods according to the generic material classes

Concerned Interior material construction

pr EN 45545 Part 2



Requirements / Test methods

Usage of materials Harzard Level (HL)

Requirements ( R )

Fire behaviour

test methods

3

26

25

Material ranking

Rx HLy



- Interior (IN)

- Exterior (EX)

- Furniture (F)

- Electrotechnical Equipment (E)

- Mechanical Equipment (M)

Listed products – table 4 Non listed products – table 5

> 0,20 m2 and interior

> 0,20 m2 and exterior

< 0,20 m2 and interior

< 0,20 m2 and exterior

Grouping rules

Usage of materials



Introduction pr EN 45545 - part 1 pr EN 45545 - part 2

o FIRST : fire assessment




o Grouping rules

o Assemblies

Conclusion

Summary



Smoke S

Toxicity T

F

T

O

F

T

O

F

T

O

Ignatibility I

Flame spread F

Rate of heat release R

FIRST! : Key Criteria

for Fire Assessment



Requirements for fire behavior of materials and components

F I R S T



FI RST Flame spread and Ignitiability :

Large surface

EN ISO 5658-2: Vertical Radiant Panel EN ISO 9239-1: Flooring radiant panel

Non listed items and EE

EN ISO 4589-2: Oxygen Index

NF EN 60695-2-10/11 : Glow wire

Cables

« Flame spread cable tests » : EN 60332-1-2 EN 50266-2-4

EN 50305 § 9.1.1 EN 50305 § 9.1.2

F

T

O

F

T

O

F

T

O



EN ISO 5658-2 : Reaction to fire tests – Spread of flame – Part 2:

Lateral spread on building products in vertical configuration

Key parameter: Flame spread

Measurement of :

- Critical Heat Flux at Extinguishment (CHF)

FI RST



NF EN ISO 4589-2 (Oxygen Index) : Key parameter : Ignitiability

Measurement of LOI :

The minimal concentration of oxygen required to just

maintain the combustion of the test sample in specified

Conditions

I ranking (NF F16-101/102)

R22 / R23 / R24 electric equipments (pr EN 45545-2)

FI RST

NF EN 60695-2-10/11 (Glow wire) : Key parameters : Ignitiability

Measurement of : The ability of a material to ignite following to the contact of a heating element and to maintain a sustaining flame after the removal of this element

I ranking (NF F16-101/102)

R25 Printed Circuit Board (pr EN 45545-2)



Rate of Heat Release : ISO 5660-1: Fire test – Reaction to fire - Part1:

Rate of heat release (Cone calorimeter method)

Measurement of :

- Oxygen consumption

Calculation of :

- MAHRE

FI RST



Smoke opacity and toxicity:

FI RST

Non listed items and Large surface

Opacity : EN ISO 5659-2: SDC – Horizontal apparatus

Toxicity (method 1) : CEN TS 45 545 Annex C: Testing methods for determination of toxic gases from railway products (area based method)

Non listed

items

and

E&E materials /cables

Opacity : EN ISO 5659-2: SDC – Horizontal apparatus

Toxicity (method 2) : NF X 70-100 : Toxicity (mass based method)



Heated sampling line

4 and 8 min sampling of gas

25 kw m-2 with pilot flames

50 kW m-2 without pilot fames

Ds (4)

Dm

VOF4

EN ISO 5659-2 / CEN TS 45 545 Annex C :

FI RST

FTIR Spectroscopy

8i

1i i

iG

C

c0805.0CIT



NF X 70-100 (Tubular furnace) :

Key parameters : Toxicity

Measurement of :

•Amount of gas emitted per g of material tested

•Targeted gas :

• CO, CO2 (Infra-red analysis)

• HF, HBr, HCl, HCN, SO2 (HPLC analysis)

• NO, NOx (Chemiluminescence analysis)

Calculation of : Conventional Toxicity Index (CIT)

POTENTIAL OF TOXICITY

FI RST

1

1

2

3

2

3 Gas component

Reference concentration

(mg/m3)

CO2 72000

CO 1380

HBr 99

HCl 75

HCN 55

HF 25

NOx 38

SO2 262

8i

1i i

iLP

C

cCITN




o FIRST : fire assessmen o Case studies (inner wall, circuit breaker)



o Grouping rules

o Assemblies

Conclusion

Summary



Inner wall / ceiling …

Inner wall (Requirement R1)



Inner wall (R1 test methods)

FI

R

S

T

R1 HL2 COMPLIANCE



Circuit breaker (Requirements R22/R23)

Circuit breaker



FI

S

T

Circuit breaker (R22/R23 test methods)

R22/R23 HL2 COMPLIANCE




o FIRST : fire assessmen o Case studies (inner wall, circuit breaker)



o Grouping rules

o Assemblies

Conclusion

Summary



Example : Complete seat

Requirements for seating



Requirement R18 HL2 compliance

Requirement R21 HL2 compliance

Seat requirements

Real scale

Small scale



Full passenger seats, appropriately

vandalised, shall be tested. The

seats shall include arm and head

rests, back and base shell.

R18 (Annex A&B) – Tests for seating



Annex A :

Standard vandalisation test for seat coverings

Carried out before the fire test for seating

Test time = 5s

FIRST




The level of vandalisation determined during the

test of Annex A shall be reproduced in the

following way:

The layers that were cut or perforated for a

longer distance than 50 mm shall be cut along

the diagonals beginning 50 mm from the

corners.

The fully cut layers shall be rolled up and pinned

as shown in the figure. The rolling and pinning

shall be done so that there is no interference

with the burner trajectory.

To make sure that the requirements of

burner position are fulfilled, the rolled up

flaps shall be cut off.

Extent of vandalisation Annex A FIRST

Tests for seating



Annex B :

Fire test method for seating

FIRST


7 kW burner



- Heat release rate monitoring: HRR en kW

- MAHRE calculation :


HRR peak


C:/Users/fpoutch/Documents/CREPIM TEAM/Docs CREPIM 1/bureau back-office/+ bureau front office/railways interior 15-17 11 11/pack fpoutch railway int/essai siege.3GP


Covering

Foam (upholstery)

Interliner

R18 / R21 – Tests for seating

R21

R21

R18




o FIRST : fire assessment o Case studies (inner wall, circuit breaker)



o Grouping rules

o Assemblies

Conclusion

Summary



Thickness : a product meeting a requirement at two different

thicknesses with identical formulations shall be considered to comply

with the requirement at all intermediate thicknesses

Colour : a test which qualifies any product or surface shall also qualify

any product or surface which differs in colour and/ or pattern

Multi layer : these products shall be tested in the end use condition

Coating systems : they shall be tested in end use condition. This

means inclusion of levelling fillers at a thickness estimated at mean end

use application, primers and finish coatings with specified coating

thickness and number of layers

Substrate : where a product has a continuous aluminium or steel

substrate and where the thickness of the substrate metal is equal to or

greater than defined in Table 7, it is sufficient to test the product with

the thickness given in the table below :

Key drivers



Introduction pr EN 45545 - part 1 pr EN 45545 - part 2




o Grouping rules

o Assemblies

Conclusion

Summary



Non-listed products requirements



Products are considered as grouped if all the following

conditions are respected :

Exposed area of each product < 0,2 m²

Non-listed products (NLP)

Combustible mass of each product > 10 g or the

products are in touching contact to another

combustible product

Horizontal distance to a NLP < 20 mm or vertical

distance to a NLP < 200 mm

Not fully separated by a product compliant with fire

integrity requirement

Grouping rules

“non-listed products”



Grouping rules

“non-listed products”



Grouping rules

Rule 1 :

If mtot (interior ) < 100 g or mtot (exterior) < 400 g => no requirements

Rule 2 :

If 100 g < mtot (interior) < 500 g or 400 g < mtot (exterior) < 2000 g

=>

Test of one product of the group. If R24 (interior/exterior) compliant,

test again the remainings products of the group. If not, redesign.

Rule 3 :

If mtot (interior) > 500 g or mtot (exterior) > 2000 g =>

Test of one product of the group. If R22 (interior) / R23 (exterior)

compliant, test again the remainings products of the group. If not,

redesign.







o Grouping rules

o Assemblies

Conclusion

Summary



Assemblies

Assembly: Unit or structure composed of a combination of materials or products or both.

These shall be tested at their full thickness. If the full thickness is greater than the maximum thickness that can be tested in the applicable standard, then the thickness shall be reduced by cutting away the excess part from the rear face of the sample that is from the face that is not exposed to the ignition source. o ISO 5658-2 (lateral flame spread) : 50 mm

The exposed surface of the test specimen shall be

the same as in the end use condition.



Assemblies

Any material which is part of an assembly, but does not form part of all fire test pieces, shall be separately tested to the requirement set, R17.

50 mm

R 17

Interior side wall

R1

Partition

50 mm R 17

R1



EN 45545 - schedule

XP CEN/TS deployment since january 2009

o Experimental standards (part 2)

Up to now, co existence with the national regulations

o BSS 6853 (United Kingdom)

o NF F16-101&102 (France)

o DIN 5510 (Germany)

o UNI 11170 (Italia)

o …

Formal vote of prEN 45545: 2012 in july / august 2012

If voted, first edition of the EN 45545 beginning of 2013



Tween teams devoted to developp and

test fireproofed material

Testing team leader

Stéphane Boissel

Tel : 00 33 3 21 61 64 04

Mob : 00 33 6 48 26 87 42

Fax : 00 33 3 21 61 64 01

[email protected],

Development team leader

Skander Khelifi

Tel : 00 33 3 21 61 64 07

Mob : 00 33 6 81 43 09 55

Fax : 00 33 3 21 61 64 01

[email protected]


mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]


Questions ?
