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OT3.108/02
BSAC Ocean Diver Training
The Body and Effects The Body and Effects of Divingof Diving
The Body and Effects The Body and Effects of Divingof Diving
OT3 208/02
The Body and Effects of
Diving
The Body and Effects of
Diving The Body & Effects of Diving
Aims
The Body Mechanisms
Metabolism Respiration Circulation
How diving affects them
OT3 308/02
The Body and Effects of
Diving
The Body and Effects of
Diving The Body Mechanisms
Metabolism - The process of life
Body cells Food + Oxygen = Energy
Two interconnected systems Respiratory system Circulatory system
Waste products removalBodyBody
CellsCells
Energy
Food + Oxygen
====
Water + Carbon Dioxide
OT3 408/02
The Body and Effects of
Diving
The Body and Effects of
Diving Respiration - The Lungs
The Mechanics of Breathing
Exhale
17% Oxygen
4% Carbon Dioxide
79% Nitrogen
Inhale
21% Oxygen
79% Nitrogen Vital Capacity 4.5 litre
Lung Capacity
Tidal Volume 0.5 litre
Residual Volume 1.5 litre
OT3 508/02
The Body and Effects of
Diving
The Body and Effects of
Diving The Lungs - Gas Exchange
The Alveoli
Air In/Out
Blood To Body via Heart
Blood From Body via Heart
Oxygen =O2
O2
Carbon Dioxide =CO2
CO2
The Gas Exchange
OT3 608/02
The Body and Effects of
Diving
The Body and Effects of
Diving Circulation - Heart and Blood
Circulation - Heart & Blood LungsOXYGEN Collected in lungs Travels to heart Travels from heart Delivered to body cells
CARBON DIOXIDE Collected from body cells Travels to the heart Travels to lungs
Cells
STIMULUS TO BREATHE
The need to expel carbon dioxide
OT3 708/02
The Body and Effects of
Diving
The Body and Effects of
Diving
Breath Hold Diving and Hyperventilation
Diver Unconscious
End DiveDuring Dive
O2 CO2
Start Dive
O2 Level to support Consciousness
CO2 Level for Stimulus to breathe
Normal Dive
Dive with Hyperventilation
O2 Level to support Consciousness
CO2 Level for Stimulus to breathe
O2 CO2
Start Dive During Dive
OT3 808/02
The Body and Effects of
Diving
The Body and Effects of
Diving
Air Spaces affected by Diving
SINUSES
Lungs
AIRWAYS
MIDDLE EAR
GUTGUT
OT3 908/02
The Body and Effects of
Diving
The Body and Effects of
Diving The Ear
Effects of Diving Sound travels faster underwater - direction difficult to
identify Air space - Ear Drum, Middle Ear, Eustachian Tube
Middle Ear
Eustachian Tube
Outer Ear Inner Ear
Ear DrumEar Drum
Middle Ear
Eustachian Tube
OT3 1008/02
The Body and Effects of
Diving
The Body and Effects of
Diving Effects of Diving on The Ear
Reverse EarNormal on descent
Increased pressure and blockage on
descent
Never ‘force’ equalisation
Ascend to shallow depth (pressure)
DO NOT DIVE WITH A COLD
OT3 1108/02
The Body and Effects of
Diving
The Body and Effects of
Diving
The Sinuses - Effects of Diving
Not serious but results in Blood in the mask Sinus pain Do not dive with a cold
Teeth Dental checkups
Before Dive
During Dive
Bleeding into nasal passage
Air
Mucus membrane
Air
Block
Membrane swelling
Membrane rupture
Air
Blood
OT3 1208/02
The Body and Effects of
Diving
The Body and Effects of
Diving Body Temperature Control
Body heat generated by metabolism Core body temperature maintained at 37oC
Cooler surroundings = heat loss Most through head and face Chest front and under armpitsPeripheral blood supply restricted Hands, feet, nose, ears Less blood flow = less heat loss Shivering Hypothermia
37oC
OT3 1308/02
The Body and Effects of
Diving
The Body and Effects of
Diving Heat Loss and Diving
Heat Loss In Water 25x faster than air
400 C
300 C
200 C
100 C
00 C
Normal bodytemperature
No suitrequired
Wetsuit / Drysuitrequired
Drysuitrequired
370 C
Cold water increases rate of heat loss
Insulation consideration for divers
End the dive if getting cold
OT3 1408/02
The Body and Effects of
Diving
The Body and Effects of
Diving
Insulation Wet & Semi Dry Suits
Comfortable close fit One or two piece Hood and gloves Boots if strap fins
Maintenance Wash in fresh water
Body
Water WaterWet Suit
OT3 1508/02
The Body and Effects of
Diving
The Body and Effects of
Diving Insulation - Dry Suits
Comfortable fit Strap fins Hood & gloves
Maintenance - Wash in fresh water
Membrane Dry Suit
Body
Water
Under Suit
Air
Neoprene Dry Suit
Body
Air Water
OT3 1608/02
The Body and Effects of
Diving
The Body and Effects of
Diving Buoyancy
Density Object sinks
Weighs more than upthrust (Heavier than water displaced)
Object submerged Water displaced
Archimedes principle When an object floats in water it displaces a weight of water equal to its own weight
==
==
Force (Upthrust) = water displaced
Object floats
Weighs less than upthrust (Lighter than water displaced)
++ Air
OT3 1708/02
The Body and Effects of
Diving
The Body and Effects of
Diving Buoyancy and Divers
Positive Buoyancy
Too light Physically tiring Uncontrolled upward movement
Neutral Buoyancy Weightless state Reduces physical effort
Negative Buoyancy Too heavy Self or marine life damage Risk of going too deep
Positive
Neutral
Negative
OT3 1808/02
The Body and Effects of
Diving
The Body and Effects of
Diving Buoyancy & Diving
During dive
Air will expand Controlled dumping of air
equalises diver’s buoyancy
Descent
Buoyancy check - correct weighting
Combined effect of diver’s body, suit and SCUBA - positive buoyancy
May need additional weight
Fine tuning with lungs
Ascent
OT3 1908/02
The Body and Effects of
Diving
The Body and Effects of
Diving Exhaustion & Diving
An inability to meet physical demands Buoyancy problems Getting cold underwater Working hard underwater Mental tiredness or anxiety Lack of general fitness The night before!
Always ask the question : Are you fit to go diving?
OT3 2008/02
The Body and Effects of
Diving
The Body and Effects of
Diving Summary
The Body Mechanisms Metabolism Respiration Circulation
How diving affects them
Ensure fitness to dive
OT3 2108/02
The Body and Effects of
Diving
The Body and Effects of
Diving
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