Old Testament Survey IOld Testament Survey I

ExodusExodus

Date of EventsDate of Events

From Jacob’s entrance into Egypt (c. From Jacob’s entrance into Egypt (c. 1875 B.C.) until the building of the 1875 B.C.) until the building of the tabernacle at Sinai (1445 B.C.)tabernacle at Sinai (1445 B.C.)

StructureStructure From Egypt to Mount Sinai (Chaps. 1-18)From Egypt to Mount Sinai (Chaps. 1-18)

The growth and enslavement of Israel (1)The growth and enslavement of Israel (1) The Life and Call of Moses (2-6)The Life and Call of Moses (2-6) The Ten Plagues (7-12)The Ten Plagues (7-12) The Exodus and Journey to Sinai (13-18)The Exodus and Journey to Sinai (13-18)

The Covenant at Mount Sinai (Chaps. 19-The Covenant at Mount Sinai (Chaps. 19-40)40) The Giving of the Law (19-24)The Giving of the Law (19-24) Preparation for the Construction of the Preparation for the Construction of the

Tabernacle (25-31)Tabernacle (25-31) The Incident of the Golden Calf (32-34)The Incident of the Golden Calf (32-34) The Construction of the Tabernacle and its The Construction of the Tabernacle and its

Furnishings (35-40)Furnishings (35-40)

Major ThemesMajor Themes Redemption and DeliveranceRedemption and Deliverance Yahweh – “I AM”Yahweh – “I AM”

Power of Yahweh (demonstrated through the plagues on Power of Yahweh (demonstrated through the plagues on Egypt)Egypt)

Compassion of Yahweh in caring for Israel on the way to Compassion of Yahweh in caring for Israel on the way to SinaiSinai

Faithfulness of Yahweh in accomplishing His WordFaithfulness of Yahweh in accomplishing His Word Knowledge of Yahweh (9:13-16)Knowledge of Yahweh (9:13-16) Fear of Yahweh (9:30; 14:30, 31)Fear of Yahweh (9:30; 14:30, 31)

MosesMoses HolinessHoliness

Moses and the burning bushMoses and the burning bush Israel’s obligation in the Mosaic CovenantIsrael’s obligation in the Mosaic Covenant The layout of the tabernacleThe layout of the tabernacle

CovenantsCovenants Abrahamic (2:24; 6:2-5)Abrahamic (2:24; 6:2-5) MosaicMosaic

Tabernacle and its FurnishingsTabernacle and its Furnishings Hardening of Pharaoh’s HeartHardening of Pharaoh’s Heart

Purpose StatementPurpose Statement

Yahweh, the God of Abraham, Isaac, Yahweh, the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, has redeemed the sons of and Jacob, has redeemed the sons of Israel from Egyptian bondage and Israel from Egyptian bondage and entered into a covenant with the entered into a covenant with the nation at Sinai.nation at Sinai.

The Tabernacle and Priest in His Garments

DeliveranceAt the Red Sea Bitter water made sweet

at Marah (15:22-26)

Oasis at Elim(15:27)

Quail & Manna provided in desert(16:31)

Water provided from rock & victory overAmalekites (17:1-16)

Mount Sinai

Form of the Mosaic Form of the Mosaic CovenantCovenant

Historical PrologueHistorical Prologue Exod 19:1-4 Exod 19:1-4

PreamblePreamble Exod 19:5-6Exod 19:5-6

StipulationsStipulations Exod 20:3-23:19Exod 20:3-23:19

Provision for ReadingProvision for Reading Exod 24:4-7 Exod 24:4-7

Blessings & Curses Blessings & Curses Exod 23:20-33; Lev 26 Exod 23:20-33; Lev 26

A Key Passage: Exod 19:1-6A Key Passage: Exod 19:1-6

Exod 19:1-4 provides the basis of the Exod 19:1-4 provides the basis of the relationship between Yahweh and Israel.relationship between Yahweh and Israel.

Exod 19:5-6 provides the purpose and Exod 19:5-6 provides the purpose and function of that relationship: “ ‘Now then, if function of that relationship: “ ‘Now then, if you will indeed obey My voice and keep My you will indeed obey My voice and keep My covenant, then you shall be My own covenant, then you shall be My own possession among all the peoples, for all the possession among all the peoples, for all the earth is Mine; and you shall be to Me a earth is Mine; and you shall be to Me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.’ These kingdom of priests and a holy nation.’ These are the words that you shall speak to the are the words that you shall speak to the sons of Israel.” sons of Israel.”

Three Phrases in Exod 19:5-Three Phrases in Exod 19:5-66

““My own possession” referred to the My own possession” referred to the fact that God had chosen Abraham’s fact that God had chosen Abraham’s descendants to be the recipient of descendants to be the recipient of blessings and a channel of blessing to blessings and a channel of blessing to the other nations.the other nations.

“ “A kingdom of priests” identified Israel A kingdom of priests” identified Israel as the mediator of God’s revelation to as the mediator of God’s revelation to the other nations. the other nations.

““A holy nation” means that Israel was to A holy nation” means that Israel was to be set apart for God’s service and be set apart for God’s service and separated from anything that would separated from anything that would defile her. defile her.

Relationship of the Mosaic Relationship of the Mosaic Covenants to the Other Covenants to the Other

CovenantsCovenants The Mosaic Covenant was the constitution for the The Mosaic Covenant was the constitution for the nation of Israel, governing the relationship nation of Israel, governing the relationship between God and His elect nation. between God and His elect nation.

It was the means by which the promises of the It was the means by which the promises of the Abrahamic CovenantAbrahamic Covenant would be fulfilled. would be fulfilled.

The The Deuteronomic CovenantDeuteronomic Covenant is in essence a is in essence a renewal of the Mosaic Covenant with the new renewal of the Mosaic Covenant with the new generation of Israelites. generation of Israelites.

The king provided for in the The king provided for in the Davidic CovenantDavidic Covenant was was responsible to conduct his rule in accordance with responsible to conduct his rule in accordance with the principles of the Mosaic Covenant. the principles of the Mosaic Covenant.

And even the And even the New CovenantNew Covenant states that the Law states that the Law of God will be put within the descendants of of God will be put within the descendants of Abraham and written upon their hearts (Jer Abraham and written upon their hearts (Jer 31:33).31:33).

Later Commentary on the Later Commentary on the Mosaic Covenant in ScriptureMosaic Covenant in Scripture

After the book of Deuteronomy, in which the After the book of Deuteronomy, in which the Mosaic Covenant is renewed with a new Mosaic Covenant is renewed with a new generation of Israelites, much of the remainder of generation of Israelites, much of the remainder of the OT is largely a commentary on Israel’s lack of the OT is largely a commentary on Israel’s lack of fidelity to the covenant God made with her at fidelity to the covenant God made with her at Sinai. Sinai.

The historical books provide the record of this infidelity.The historical books provide the record of this infidelity. A number of the Psalms lament it.A number of the Psalms lament it. The Prophets seek to call Israel to repent of it and return The Prophets seek to call Israel to repent of it and return

to her God. to her God. In the NT, much of Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount is In the NT, much of Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount is

a clarification of the true meaning of the a clarification of the true meaning of the stipulations of the covenant (Matt 5:17-19), in stipulations of the covenant (Matt 5:17-19), in contrast to the teaching of the Pharisees.contrast to the teaching of the Pharisees.

Next Time: LeviticusNext Time: Leviticus