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Osteoporosis. What is Osteoporosis?. Osteoporosis means porous bones The bones become weak and brittle Mild stresses can cause fracture e.g. bending over, coughing. The (bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced Osteoporosis is more common among women than men. Signs and Symptoms. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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What is Osteoporosis?
• Osteoporosis means porous bones
• The bones become weak and brittle
• Mild stresses can cause fracture e.g. bending over, coughing
• The (bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced
• Osteoporosis is more common among women than men
Signs and Symptoms
• In early stages of bone loss , there is no pain or symptoms
• Once the bones have been weakened then the signs and symptoms include :
• Back pain
• Loss of height over time, because of stooped posture
• Fracture of the bones like vertebrae, wrists , hips or other bones
Causes
• The strength of the bone depends on their size and density
• Bone density depends in part on the amount of calcium , phosphorus, and other minerals
• When the bones contain fewer minerals than normal they are less strong
• Bone is continuously changing-new bone is made and old bone is broken down - a process called remodeling, or bone turnover
• Full cycle of bone remodeling takes about two to three months
• When you are young, body makes new bones faster , then it breaks down old bone and your bone mass increases
• Bone remodeling slows down as we get older, especially at menopause
• At menopause , the estrogen level drops and the bone loss increases dramatically
The factors that keep bone healthy
• Regular exercise• Adequate amounts of
calcium• Adequate amount of
vitamin D, which is essential for absorbing calcium
Risk factors
• Your sex – fractures from osteoporosis are about as twice as common in women then in men
Women start with lower bone mass
Sudden drop in estrogen at menopause
• Age – The older you get, the higher risk of osteoporosis
Your bones become weaker as you grow old
• Race – Occurs in all ethnic groups Asian or European
• Family history-heredity
• Frame size – exceptionally thin or small body frames
They have less bone mass to draw from as they age
• Tobacco use -Smoking also results in
increased breakdown of estrogen , lower body weight and earlier menopause, all of which contribute to lower bone mineral density
• Alcoholism
• Lifetime exposure to estrogen – greater the exposer lower the risk.
For example early menstruation and late menopause
If abnormal periods or ovaries surgically removed before age 45 with receiving hormone therapy , the risk is more
• Eating disorders
• Corticosteroids medications
The medicines given for asthma, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis is damaging to bone
The doctor should monitor bone density and give drugs to prevent bone loss
• Thyroid Hormone - If the thyroid is overactive or under active
Abnormal functioning
• Some diuretics – some drugs cause kidney to excrete more calcium.
Result in thinning of bone
Low calcium intake
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Excess soda consumption - many of which contain phosphoric acid. suggest soft drinks may displace calcium
• Depression
When to seek Medical Advice?
• Early detection is important
Prevention
• Getting adequate calcium• Getting adequate vitamin
D• Exercise• Add soy to your diet• Don’t smoke• Consider Hormone
therapy• Limit caffeine
Thank you
• Prepared by:Dr. Anita TamrakarReference:www.learningpoint.yolasite.
com