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OSTEOLOGY. YENI DHAMAYANTI. GENERAL OBJECTIVES :. The students understands about structure and position of the bones which formed the limbs and they articulations. Specific Objectives :. The Students are know about : Structure, location and content of bones of the thoracic appendage - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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OSTEOLOGY
YENI DHAMAYANTI
GENERAL OBJECTIVES :
The students understands about structure and position of the bones which formed the limbs and they
articulations
Specific Objectives :The Students are know about : Structure, location and content of bones of
the thoracic appendage Structure, location and content of bones of
the pelvic limb Articulation at the thoracic and pelvic limb
The Skeleton may be divided primarily into
three parts : THE AXIAL SKELETON; comprises the vertebral
column, ribs, sternum and skull. THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON; incudes the
bones of the limbs. THE VISCERAL or SPLECHNIC SKELETON; consits
of certain bones developed in the substance of some of the viscera or soft organs, e.g. os penis of the dog and os cordis of the ox
OSSA APPENDICULARIS
BONES OF THE THORACIC LIMB = OSSA MEMBRI THORACICI (EXTREMITAS CRANIALIS)
BONES OF THE PELVIC LIMB = OSSA MEMBRI PELVINA (EXTREMITAS CAUDALIS)
BONES OF THE THORACIC LIMB
The thoracic limb of animals are composed of four chief
segments :
THE THORACIC GIRDLE REGIO CINGULUM MEMBRI THORACICI
OS. SCAPULA
OS. CORACOIDEUS
OS. CLAVICULA
The thoracic girdle attaches the forelimb to the body and is incomplete in domestic mamals.
A complete pectoral girdle consists a scapula, coracoids and clavicles
Climbing and burrowing mamals usually posess a scapula and clavicle, coursing and grazing mamals
usually posess a scapula only.
All three pairs of bones of the thoracic girdle are seen in birds and reptiles.
THE ARMREGIO BRACHII
OS HUMERUS
THE FOREARMREGIO ANTEBRACHII
OS RADIUS OS ULNA
THE MANUSREGIO MANUS
OSSA CARPI
OS METACARPI
OSSA PHALANX
OSSA SESSAMOIDEA
OS SCAPULA (facies lateralis)
SPINA SCAPULA
TUBER SPINA
THE HORSE
FOSSA SUPRASPINATA
FOSSA INFRASPINATA
COLLUM SCAPULA
CARTILAGO SCAPULA
ANGULUS CAUDALIS
ANGULUS CRANIALIS
ANGULUS GLENOIDALES
DISTAL OS SCAPULA
TUBERCULUM SUPRAGLENOIDEUSPROCESSUS
CORACOIDEUS
INCISSURA GLENOIDALESCAVITAS
GLENOIDALES
OS HUMERUS
EXTREMITAS PROXIMALIS
CORPUS
EXTREMITAS DISTALIS
EXTREMITAS PROXIMAL HUMERUS
(DORSAL VIEW)
CAPUT HUMERI
TUBERCULUM MAJOR
TUBERCULUM MINOR
TUBERCULUM INTERMEDIUS
The comparative of the proximal extremity of the horse and the
cattle
Proximal Extremity Ruminant Lateral tuberosity is very large, and
rises abour 3 cm proximal to the level of the head, forming the point of the shoulder.
Its cranial part curves medially over the intertuberal groove, and distal to it laterally there is a prominent circular rough area for the insertion of the tendon of the infraspinatus muscle.
CORPUS HUMERI (horse)
SULCUS BRACHIALIS
TUBEROSITAS DELTOIDEUS
CORPUS HUMERI KUDA
TUBEROSITAS TERES MAJOR
EXTREMITAS CAUDALIS OS HUMERUS
CAPITULUM TROCHLEA
FOSSA OLECRANO
N
EXTREMITAS CAUDALIS OS HUMERUS
EPICONDYLUS MEDIALIS
EPICONDYLUS LATERALIS
CRISTA EPICONDYLOIDEA LATERALIS
P.T.O. EXTENSOR
FOSSA RADIALIS
FOSSA OLECRANO
N
EXTREMITAS CAUDALIS OS HUMERUS KUDA
VARIASI CONDYLUS HUMERUS KUDA & SAPI
CCT T
OS RADIUS & OS ULNA
OS ULNA
OS RADIUS
FOVEA CAPITULARIS
OS RADIUS
TROCHLEA RADIALIS
CORPUS OS RADIUS
OS ULNA KUDA
OLECRANON
SPATIUM INTEROSSEUM ANTEBRACHII
PROC. ANCONEUS
INCISURA SEMILUNARIS
OS ULNA SAPI
SPATIUM INTEROSSEUS ANTEBRACHII
OS ULNA SAPI
PROCESSUS STYLOIDEUS LATERALIS
OSSA CARPALES The capus consists of a group of
six to eight bones, depending on the species of animal.
The bones arranged in two rows, proximal and distal.
OSSA CARPALES
HEWAN OC-R OC-I OC-U OC-A I II III IV
Kuda 7 – 8 + + + + +/0 + + +
Sapi/ domba 6 + + + + 0 - bersatu
- +
Babi 8 + + + + + + + +
Anjing 7 - bersatu - + + + + + +
The accessory carpal bone is situated to palmar to the ulnar
carpal bone and the lateral part of the trochlea of the radius. It is
discoid and the medial surface is form the lateral wall of the carpal
groove (canalis carpalis).
OSSA METACARPAL
FACIES ARTICULARIS
CORPUS MC
TROCHLEA MC
IVIII
II
OSSA METACARPAL
III IV
SLDSLV
V
INCISSURA INTERTROCHLEARIS
OSSA DIGITORUM MANUS
COMPEDALE
CORONALE
UNGULARE
OSSA DIGITORUM MANUS
OSSA SESAMOIDEA PROXIMALIS
OSSA SESAMOIDEA DISTALIS
FORAMEN SUPRATROCHLEAR
IS at the dog
TUBEROSITAS TERES MAJOR
Middle of the medial surface of the shaft is a small
roughened, which the conjoined tendon of the
latissimus dorsi and teres major muscles is atteched.
SULCUS BRACHIALIS = SULCUS MUSCULOSPIRALIS The lateral surface is smooth
and is spirally curved, which contains the brachialis muscles.
RUMINANSIA, KARNIVORA and PIG is shallow.
TUBEROSITAS DELTOIDEUS
Cranial surface and lateral surface are separated by a
distinct border, the crest of the humerus, which bears proximal
to its middle the deltoid tuberosity, to which the
deltoideus muscle inserts.
CAPUT HUMERIThe head presents an almost circular
convex articular surface, which is about twice as extensive as the
glenoid cavity of the scapula, with which it articulates and IT IS
POSITION AT THE CAUDAL of the proximal extremity.
TUBERCULUM HUMERI The greater tubercle = tuberculum major
(lateral tuberosity) is placed craniolaterally
The lesser tubercle = tuberculum minor (medial tuberosity) is placed craniomedially
The intertuberal or bicipital groove is bounded by the cranial parts of both tubercles, and is subdivided by and intermediate tubercle or ridge.
TUBERCULUM INTERMEDIUS
The third tubercle at median Look clearly at horse, but we can see
clear at ruminantia, carnivora and pig This tubercle divided from major et
minor by the groove, SULCUS BICIPITIS or SULCUS INTERTUBELARIS
The groove, in fresh, lodges the tendon of origin of the biceps brachii muscle.
PROCESSUS SUPRAHAMATUS
ACROMION
COWCAT
SPINA SCAPULARIS Spine of the scapula divided the lateral
surface of scapula into two fossa The acormion, a projecting mass of bone
located on the distal end of the spina of the scapula, is not found in the horse but is present in the cow and other animals.
The acromion of the cat is rounded and called processus suprahammatus
Only the horse
THE SUPRAGLENOID TUBERCLE = TUBER SCAPULAE
THE SUPRAGLENOID TUBERCLE FORMS THE POINT OF THE
SHOULDER IN THE HORSE
PROJECTING FROM ITS MEDIAL SIDE IS CORACOID PROCESS