Oshodi-The Effects of Stress on the Secretary's Job Performance (a Case Study of Oshodi-Isolo LG)

8/9/2019 Oshodi-The Effects of Stress on the Secretary's Job Performance (a Case Study of Oshodi-Isolo LG)

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THE EFFECTS OF STRESS ON THE SECRETARYS

JOB PERFORMANCE

(A CASE STUDY OF OSHODI-ISOLO LOCAL GOVERNMENT,

LAGOS STATE)

BY

SOMEFUN, TAIWO ABIMNOLA

REG NO.: 5!"#$%

DEPARTMENT OF OFFICE TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

FEDERAL TRAINING CENTRE

I&OYI-LAGOS

JULY %$'


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DEDICATION

Thi( re(earch *or-.pro)ect i( dedicated to the Almighty *ho i( a/le to -eep

peace at the centre of one0( life thro'gh the myriad pro/lem( thi( *or- and the

*orld a( a *hole ha( /ro'ght and *ill /ring,

Than- yo' 1e('( &hri(t,


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AC&NOWLEDGEMENT

My gratit'de fir(t goe( to the Almighty %od for #i( di+ine g'idance and

direction(" #i( di+ine pro+i(ion and protection thro'gho't the co'r(e, I than-

%od /eca'(e #e i( the Alpha and Omega to me in (tarting the co'r(e *ith me

and (eeing me thro'gh the end of thi( co'r(e, Witho't #im" I can do nothing,%lory" #ono'r and 2o*er are 'nto #i( name in 1e('( Name Amen!

I *i(h to e3tend my gratit'de to my Organi(ation for gi+ing me the

opport'nity and ('pport financially to attend the co'r(e,

I *i(h to e3pre(( my (incere than-( to my pro)ect ('per+i(or Mr,

Opal'*a S, for hi( -indne(( and pain(ta-ingly going thro'gh my *rite 'p"

*hich led to the ('cce(( of thi( pro)ect *or-,

My gratit'de goe( to my #, O, D, Mr( S'le 4, L and to all my lect'rer(

in the Office Technology Management Department5 Mr( Odiag/e" Mr(

Martin(" Mr( 2am" Mr( A-anni and Mr( Ag'/o(im,

I am e(pecially gratef'l to my h'(/and Mr E/ene6er O Somef'n and mychildren for their ('pport for the ('cce(( of thi( pro)ect al(o for their

'nder(tanding" co7operation" lo+e" enco'ragement( thro'gho't the period of

thi( co'r(e, They are all *onderf'l,


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I *o'ld li-e to e3pre(( my than-( to Wale Ido*' for hi( ('pport d'ring

the co'r(e of my pro)ect re(earch and the period of thi( my (t'die(, My

profo'nd gratit'de al(o goe( to Mr,Ayoola O,O for hi( help" may %od /le((

him Amen!, I really appreciate my (i(ter( and my /other( for their ('pport,

My prayer i( that the Lord *ill (pare their li+e((, Amen!There i( no *ay I *ill not remem/er to appreciate my Father in the Lord

Apo(tle M, & Eg/o, I pray that %od in hi( infinite mercie( *ill al*ay( /e *ith

yo' Amen!, Moreo+er" I appreciate my (i(ter7in7la* Mr( Tai*o Ido*' for her

enco'ragement(" may %od /le(( her,

Than-( to the (taff of O(hodi7I(olo Local %o+ernment *ho allo*ed me

in their office,

I am al(o gratef'l to my (chool 2ro+o(t" Mr, A, Adeniran" the 4ice

2ro+o(t" Mr(, Ol'*aniyi and all other lect'rer( and (taff *hich I co'ld not

mention of thi( great Federal Training &entre" Lago(,

I pray %od0( care" /le((ing and mercy *ill contin'e *ith yo' all fore+er,SOMEFUN TAIWO ABIMBOLA

JULY %$'


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ABSTRACT

According to re(earch (t'die( into the relation(hip /et*een a *or-er0(

life and hi( )o/" (tre(( i( a(('ming a po(ition a( n'm/er one -iller di(ea(e in

the modern (ociety, The p'rpo(e of hi( *or- *a( to find o't the effect( of

(tre(( on the (ecretary0( )o/ performance" *hat factor( ca'(ed thi( (tre(( and

ho* their effect( *ere manife(ted and co'ld /e controlled,

To do thi(" literat're re+ie* relating to the effect( of (tre(( on the

*or-er( e(pecially the (edentary *or-er" *a( cond'cted, A 8'e(tionnaire *a(

dra*n 'p *ith *hich data *a(( collected, Thi( *a( ('pplemented /y face7to7

face inter+ie*( *ith (ecretarie( and o/(er+ation(, The re(pondent( *ere from

O(hodi7I(olo Local %o+ernment" Lago( State, In all" 9: 8'e(tionnaire( *ere

di(tri/'ted,

The re(earcher from data analy(i( fo'nd o't that (ecretarie( 'nder7face a

lot of (tre((ing (it'ation( in the co'r(e of doing their )o/ /'t that (ome *ere

more de+a(tating in the effect( than other(, The three mo(t (ignificant (tre((or(

identified *ere5

;, Lac- of ade8'ate and ('fficient *or-ing material( and e8'ipment,


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title 2age

&ertification.Appro+al page

Dedication

Ac-no*ledgementA/(tract

Ta/le of content(

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

;,; Bac-gro'nd of St'dy

;,< Statement of the pro/lem(

;,= 2'rpo(e and (ignificance of the (t'dy

;,9 Scope of the (t'dy

;,> Limitation of the (t'dy

;,? Definition of term(

CHAPTER TWO: RELATED LITERATURE REVIEW


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9,9 Di(c'((ion of Finding(

CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

>,; Introd'ction

>,< S'mmary of Finding(

>,= &oncl'(ion

>,9 $ecommendation

'e(tionnaire

Bi/liography


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CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

$.$ BAC&GROUND OF STUDY

The (ecretary *or-( in a dynamic en+ironment pac-ed f'll *ith

conflicting (it'ation( and in(tr'ment( (o m'ch that no t*o *or-ing day( are

the (ame, The(e conflicting deci(ion( and in(tr'ction( crop 'p all the time and

they demand prompt attention and deci(ion(" /'t the role of it i( that the time to

perform the(e f'nction doe( not increa(e rather" it (eem( to dimini(h and *ith

thi( apparent (hortage of time come( (tre((,G

The role( and f'nction( of the (ecretary are /a(ic to the organi6ational

role( and (o cannot /e confined *ithin the p'r+ie* of a )o/ de(cription, They

range from co+ering of meeting(" ta-ing care of office d'tie(" -eeping

(ched'le( in /oth her( and her /o((0( de(- diarie( for complete and effecti+e

)o/ performance 'p7to7date and ('per+i(ing ('/ordinate( a( *ell a( -eeping

order generally in the office, All the(e to /e done *itho't a pa'(e to ena/le the

(mooth flo* of *or-, Th'(" (he i( al(o important to the organi6ation /eca'(e

of her a/ility to remain calm 'nder e3traordinary condition of *or- pre(('re(

and h'man demand(,


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The (ecretary0( o/ligation( to the /o(( can (ometime( /e (tren'o'( and

conflicting *ith her other o/ligation( to her(elf and to the company, Thi( +ie*

of (ecretary0( f'nction i( an archaic one in +ie* of the change( that ha+e ta-en

place in her training and )o/" /'t (ome employer( (till cling to it and ca'(e her

(tre(( on the )o/ *hen (he find( diffic'lty in o/eying the(e in(tr'ction(,

$.% STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The medi'm organi6ation operate( in the dynamic and e+er changing

en+ironment, Beca'(e the modern organi6ation e3i(t( in rapidly changing

en+ironment" the (ecretary i( faced *ith a lot of phy(ical and mental ha6ard( on

the )o/ *hich may ca'(e her (tre(( noi(e" lac- of preparation( for certain )o/(

or d'tie(" attit'de of the p'/lic to the )o/ (he doe( and the (ocietal and

organi6ational (tr'ct're( and their effect( on her )o/ are (ome of the(e factor(

that may affect her performance on the )o/, A( *ell" the (itting arrangement("

dangero'( chemical( and ('/(tance( '(ed in the co'r(e of her *or- and lac- of

proper 8'alification( for the )o/ may ca'(e her (tre((,

Added to the(e (tre((or( i( the fact that technology may e+ent'ally ma-e

her learned (-ill( 'n*anted in the *or- place, Tho'gh not manife(t in


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8'antifia/le term(" the(e threat( ca'(e (tre(( that may e+ent'ally (pell doom to

the (ecretary mentally a( *ell a( phy(ically,

Fache ;C;! (aid" For e+ery ('cce((f'l /'(ine((man" e3ec'ti+e or

organi6ation" there i( al*ay( an efficient and hard*or-ing (ecretary,G In +ie*

of the ad+er(e effect( of (tre(( on the performance of the (ecretary on her )o/"

*hich may in t'rn ca'(e her /o(( or e+en her organi6ational performance not

to /e 'p to *hat it *o'ld ha+e /een or not to reali6e it( goal(" it /ecome( of

'rgent need to ta-e a +ery -een loo- at the )o/ the (ecretary doe( and find o't

*hat doe( ca'(e her (tre((, If thi( i( done" then plan( on ho* to eliminate in

control than can /e ('cce((f'lly made and e3ec'ted,

$.! PURPOSE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:

The p'rpo(e of thi( re(earch i( to find o't the en+ironmental factor(

a((ociated *ith the (ecretary0( )o/ (tre((" and their effect( on her )o/

performance, The (t'dy" in loo-ing at thi( pro/lem" attempt( to find o't5

;, What (pecific factor( in the )o/ (it'ation( ca'(e the (ecretary (tre((,


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=, What co'ld /e done to red'ce or eliminate (tre(( from the )o/

en+ironment,

F'rther (ignificance of the (t'dy" the re(earcher /a(ed on the importance

of the (t'dy" *hich *ill /e of great importance to the (ociety and primarily /e

'(ef'l to the follo*ing5

;, T6 7**873 (193*1 ;211),

Ignorance of ho* *ell to treat a (ecretary in order to get her /e(t

performance may /e one of the rea(on( *hy the (ecretary i( ('/)ected to

(tre((f'l condition( at the place of *or-, It i( hoped that after reading thi(

*or- the /o(( *ill /e /etter informed a( ho* to handle a (ecretary to get

ma3im'm performance from her,


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Sometime(" people *ho train the (ecretary for the )o/ are hopele((ly o't

of contact *ith *hat i( re8'ired of her at the place of *or- (o that training

programme( are not 'p to *hat they (ho'ld /e, It i( hoped that thi( *ill help

trainer( identify +ital training area( on *hich to lay empha(i( and from time to

time impro+e on facilitie( to meet *ith modern office proced're(,

9, A9*47090*1

Thi( *or- may later pro+e '(ef'l to academician( *ho may find all or it

a( '(ef'l point( for f'rther re(earch *or- on the (ecretary0( )o/,

$.' SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

Thi( re(earch *a( on the (t'dy of the effect( of (tre(( on the (ecretary0(

)o/ performance, The finding(" after analy(i( *o'ld /e '(ed a( generali6ation

'pon the organi6ation( 'nder re+ie*,

The organi6ation i( O(hodi7I(olo Local %o+ernment Secretariat" Lago(

State,

$.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY:


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No re(earch *or- no matter ho'r( de+oted and hard*or-ing the

re(earcher i(" can claim to /e h'ndred percent acc'rate, E+ery re(earcher

enco'nter( one pro/lem or the other" *hich limit( the finding( of the (t'dy

/eing carried o't, In the co'r(e of thi( pro)ect *or-" the re(earcher

enco'ntered the follo*ing o/(tacle(5

a! Financial con(traint(

/! Time and di(tance factor(

c! Attit'de of re(pondent(

a! FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS:

Normally" (t'die( of thi( nat're in+ol+e( h'ge financial /ac-7'p" /'t d'e

to limited f'nd( at the di(po(al of the re(earcher(" *hich i( d'e mainly to the

pre+ailing economic (it'ation in the co'ntry" the (t'dy co'ld not co+er a( many

a( one *o'ld ha+e e3pected,

/! TIME AND DISTANCE FACTORS:

The time limit gi+en for thi( (t'dy tho'gh eno'gh /'t the fact that the

re(earcher( had (imilar (t'die( to carry o't in other co'r(e(" too- (ome of their

time,


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In addition" d'e to the enormo'( (i6e of Lago( State" the re(earcher *a(

'na/le to co+er all the organi6ation( in the State, It *a( d'e to time and

di(tance con(traint,

c! ATTITUDE OF RESPONDENTS:

Not*ith(tanding the fact that mo(t of the people in+ol+ed are ed'cated"

mo(t of the time" the re(earcher ha( to con+ince them on the importance of the

(t'dy /efore they co'ld co7operate, Some of them (aid that they did not ha+e

time to fill the 8'e(tionnaire( or had other more important thing( to do,

;,? DEFINITION OF TERMS:

The follo*ing term( are defined in the (pecific (en(e in *hich they *ere

'(ed in thi( re(earch (t'dy, They are a( follo*(5

;, Stre((


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>, 2erformance

a! S3115 Thi( i( the (tate of the (ecretary0( di(po(ition *hen a

(tre((or had affected her,

/! S31125 Thi( i( any factor in the en+ironment of *or- that

affect( the (ecretary0( )o/ performance ad+er(ely Sharp and

Le*i( ;C! in Thri+e( on Stre((,G

c! S93*5 An e3ec'ti+e a((i(tant *ho po((e(( a ma(tery of

office (-ill" *ho demon(trate( a/ility to a(('me re(pon(i/ility

*itho't direct ('per+i(ion" *ho e3erci(e initiati+e and

)'dgement and *ho ma-e( deci(ion( *ithin the (cope of

a((igned a'thority,

d! J2;5 Thi( i( referred to a( a partic'lar piece of *or- or ta(-

/eing carried o't /y a (ecretary,

e! P


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#$5 That (tre(( doe( not ha+e a po(iti+e effect on a (ecretary0( )o/

performance,

H236101 %

#:5 That (tre(( increa(e( the efficiency of a Secretary on the )o/

performance,

#;5 That (tre(( doe( not increa(e the efficiency of a (ecretary on the

)o/ performance,


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CHAPTER TWO

RELATED LITERATURE REVIEW

%.$ INTRODUCTION

The e((ence of literat're re+ie* in thi( (t'dy i( to e3amine the e3tent to

*or- already done in the field of (t'dy and it( related field" *hich *ill help toe(ta/li(h fact( for the c'rrent re(earch *or-,

To a (cienti(t" (tre(( i( any action or (it'ation that place( (pecial phy(ical or

p(ychological demand 'pon a per(on" anything that can 'n/alance hi(

indi+id'al e8'ili/ri'm, And *hile the p(ychological re(pon(e to ('ch demand

i( ('rpri(ingly 'niform" the form( of (tre(( are inn'mera/le, Stre(( may /e

e+en /'t 'ncon(cio'( li-e the noi(e of a city or the daily chore of dri+ing the

car, 2erhap( the one inconte(ta/le (tatement that can /e made a/o't (tre(( i(

that it /elonging( to e+eryone7to /'(ine((men and profe((or(" to mother and

their children, To factory *or-er(, Stre(( i( a part of fa/ric of life, Nothing

can i(olate (tre(( from h'man /eing( a( i( e+ident from +ario'( re(earche( and(t'die(, Stre(( can /e managed /'t not (imply done a*ay *ith, Today *idely

accepted idea( a/o't (tre(( are challenged /y ne* re(earch" and concl'(ion(

once firmly e(ta/li(hed may /e t'rned completely aro'nd, The late(t


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e+idenced ('gge(ted Ogden Tanner" ;CC! (ome (tre(( i( nece((ary to the

*ell7/eing and a lac- can /e harmf'l Stre(( definitely ca'(e( (ome (erio'(

aliment, Se+ere (tre(( ma-e( people accident prone

In order to a(certain the effect( of (tre(( on (ecretary0( )o/ performance

in O(hodi7I(olo Local %o+ernment " and to ('gge(t po((i/le (ol'tion( to the(e

pro/lem(" a n'm/er of /oo-(" )o'rnal( and other a+aila/le rele+ant material(

*ere re+ie*ed,


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A -eyed7'p feeling i( the part of the fa/ric of life, E+ery/ody ha( an

accepta/le le+el of (tre(( 'nder *hich (he can f'nction effecti+ely and the le+el

i( called Optim'm (tre(( le+el,

Therefore" according to Wic-( ;C:!" it i( not the a/(ence of (tre(( /'t

the pre(ence of more or le(( of it that ma-e( (en(e *hen (een a( an im/alance

in the conte3t of the organi6ation.en+ironment tran(action, Ba(ically" /oth

e'(tre(( (tre(( from )oyf'l (it'ation ('ch a( (eeing a lo+ed one! and di(tre((

(tre(( from harmf'l (o'rce( ('ch a( +er/al a((a'lt! *or- in the (ame *ay

/iologically,

Tanner *ent f'rther to (tate that it (tre((! (tart( in the /rain and act( in

t*o *ay( to direct the /a(ic phy(iological change( in+ol+ed in (tre(( reaction(,

Th'(5

a! It acti+ate( the pit'itary gland( *hich in t'rn order( the relea(e of

chemical me((age( or hormone( directly into the /lood (tream,G

/! It control( the a'tomatic (y(tem *hich reg'late( the in+ol'ntary

acti+itie( of the /ody0( organ(,G

The(e t*o can reinforce each other to prod'ce po*erf'l and 'nmi(ta-a/le

(ignal of (tre((,


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According to #an( Selye ;C?:!" deci(ion( are ta-en fa(ter 'nder thi(

condition /a(ed on the /are(t information, All the(e re(pon(e( /ecome

dangero'( *hen they are prolonged and repeated often, When (tre(( i(

generated in the /ody /y a (tre((or" (train re(pon(e i( /'ilt 'p" and if it i( not

eliminated at thi( (tage" /'t rather added to /y the (tre((or" (train re(pon(e

contin'e( to /e /'ilt 'p and thi( (par-( off a chain of reaction( in *hich an

earlier reaction generate( more (tre(( *hich i( then /'ilt 'p to a ne* higher

le+el of reaction( and thi( contin'e( till the /ody can no more ta-e the le+el of

(tre(( acting on it and then /rea-( do*n, Thi( can /e manife(ted phy(ically in

the form of phy(ical deformation of part( of the per(on or mental retardation or

ill7health,


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(STRESS INVOLVED BY ORGANISATIONS ACTIVITIES)

Stre(( reaction in the frame*or- '(ed in thi( pro)ectH re('lt from the

interaction /et*een an indi+id'al0( predi(po(ition to (tre(( and the force

e3erted /y the en+ironment,

The term en+ironmentG incl'de( all factor( and force( e3ternal to

indi+id'al, Other en+ironmental force( contri/'ting to (tre(( of profe((ional

(ecretarie( incl'de economic factor( e,g, rece((ion and inflation!" c'lt'ral

+al'e( and marital and family pro/lem(,

En+ironmental factor( ('ch a( general o+ercro*ding and air" *ater" and

(o'nd poll'tion create (tre(( for indi+id'al (tre((e( e3erted /y force( o't(ide

the )o/ may ha+e (pill o+er onto )o/ /eha+io'r,

Under organi6ational (tre((" *e ha+e5

a! UNDER UTILI>ATION OF ABILITIES:

Feeling( of not /een challenged" of one0( intellect'al a/ilitie( and formal

ed'cation /eing *a(ted" and of /eing o+er78'alified for pre(ent )o/

re(pon(i/ilitie( repre(ent( an omnipre(ent complaint of di((ati(fied

profe((ional (ecretarie(,

/! JOB INSECURITY5


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Traditionally" prod'ction *or-er( *ere the fir(t to /e laid off d'ring

time( of /'(ine(( do*nt'rn, More recently" top management ha( loo-ed

to*ard admini(trati+e and technical per(onnel a( more di(pen(a/le than direct

prod'ction *or-er(" perhap( not *itho't )'(tification, A( e3pre((ed /y

D'c-er" there i( not one company I -no* of *here a (harp cat in the n'm/er

of e3ec'ti+e( *o'ld not /e a real impro+ement,G Fear of /eing fired th'(

po((e(( another (o'rce of (tre(( to profe((ional (ecretarie(,

c! UNCERTAIN PROFESSIONAL STATUS5

Stre((e( created /y 'nder7'tili6ation of a/ilitie( and )o/ in(ec'rity

contri/'te( to feeling( of 'ncertain profe((ional (tat'(, Tho(e *ho do not

-no* *hether they are engineer( or not in their place( of *or- fall *ithin thi(

category,

d! INSUFFICIENT AUTHORITY:

2rimer( of management contend that a'thority (ho'ld /e commen('rate

*ith re(pon(i/ility, et" thi( a3iom i( often +iolated in organi6ation life, Thi(

di(crepancy /et*een po*er granted and po*er needed to accompli(h a gi+en

ta(- i( a (o'rce of (tre(( and fr'(tration to many profe((ional (ecretarie(,


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In('fficient a'thority (ometime( manife(t( it(elf in a (ecretary not recei+ing the

/ac-ing (he need( from management to carry o't it( directi+e(,

e! E?HORBITANT WOR& DEMANDS5

2rofe((ional (ecretarie( and (ome profe((ional employee( often find

them(el+e( faced *ith a p'ni(hing *or-load, Thi( i( not today that may ('ch

people '(e /'(y *or- (ched'led a( a defence again(t ha+ing to deal *ith

family pro/lem!, Tightly (ched'led *or- day(" hea+y tra+el" and (im'ltaneo'(

demand( e3ert( con(idera/le (tre((, Wor- *ee-( of ?: ho'r( or larger not

'ncommon in management po(ition in /'(ine(( and (ome go+ernment and

ed'cational in(tit'tion(,

f! CONFLICT WIHTIN ORGANI>ATIONS5

Intergro'p and interper(onal conflict( in an ine+ita/le part of

organi6ational life, Whene+er indi+id'al( compete for a limited ('pply of

re(o'rce(" (ome degree of conflict en('re(,

g! LARGE ORGANI>ATION PETTINESS5

&omp'ter( and copying machine( are not *itho't dy(f'nctional

con(e8'ence( in term( of creating (tre(( for (ecretarie(, In7/a(-et( ha+e


27/78

reached an 'ntena/le (i6e for many profe((ional (ecretarie(, More information

i( a+aila/le to read than mo(t (ecretarie( ha+e the time or de(ire to read, Added

to thi( /'rden are /'(ine(( letter(" intercompany memorand'm" telephone call("

trade and technical )o'rnal( and normal ne*(paper reading, %eneration

maga6ine call( thi( form of o+er (tim'lation" @DECISION STRESS.G The

harang'e of information and n'm/er of alternati+e( pro+ided /y comp'ter(

alone can dri+e a (ecretary into a corner, Thi( i( a +ery important point to note

/y all (ecretarie( *ho are in+ol+ed in a +ery /'(y (ched'le,

h! PRESSURE TOWARD CONFORMITYH

Indi+id'al( (ho* *ide +ariation in their *illingne(( to conform to a

norm e(ta/li(hed /y the organi6ation, For (ome indi+id'al( and profe((ional

(ecretarie( the pre(('re to conform repre(ent( a (tre(( in their li+e(,

i! IN APPROPRIATE LEADERSHIP STYLE5

Under e3treme circ'm(tance(" the leader(hip (tyle of a ('perior can

create (tre(( for a ('/ordinate li+e (ecretarie(, An a'thoritarian and ho(tile

lead might ca'(e more p(ychological pre(('re on a gi+en indi+id'al than the

per(on e3treme" a ('perior *ho employ( lai((er7faire" non directi+e leader(hip

(tyle might create (tre(( for a (ecretary or indi+id'al *ho i( dependent 'pon


28/78

(tr'ct're, In general" a'tocratic manager( create more (tre(( 'pon ('/ordinate(

(ecretarie(! than do permi((i+e manager(,


29/78

(ecretarie( ha+e de+eloped a (et of ideal( *hich" a( mentioned a/o+e lead

them to interpret their *or- in corporate life a( lac-ing rele+ance,

/!OBSESSIVE CONCERN FOR WOR&

De(ire for +ertical mo/ility (ometime( reach o/(e((i+e proportion(,

Indi+id'al( o/(e((ed *ith *or- operate 'nder a high le+el of (tre((" pre(('re"

and conflict, Time and effort e3panded /y the(e people on their )o/( far

e3ceed the demand( placed 'pon them /y the organi6ation, O/(e((i+e

de+otion to *or- doe( not ine+ita/ly lead to the mo(t prod'cti+e o'tp't,

c! FRUSTRATED AMBITIONS

&'lt'ral pre(('re( dictate perhap( more (o in the recent pa(t than in the

pre(ent that mem/er( of hierarchical organi6ation m'(t -eep p'(hing to*ard a

higher po(ition on the corporate ladder, Maintaining yo'r(elf at a comforta/le

2latea'" or /eing demoted" i( th'( interpreted a( fail're, Fr'(trated am/ition(

and goal( are the cea(e of many p(ychological (tre(( from fail're to /e

promoted e+en *hen their financial need( are (ati(fied at their pre(ent le+el of

re(pon(i/ility,

d! CAREER VERSUS FAMILY DEMANDS


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Wor- addict(" e3perience conflict( to (ome e3tent /eca'(e per(onal and

family life interfere *ith their *or-, Many more profe((ional (ecretarie(

e3perience conflict( /eca'(e *or- and family place o+erlapping demand( 'pon

their time, &onflict occ'r( /eca'(e the per(on *ant( to de+ote ade8'ate

attention to /oth family and *or-,

e! MIDDLE-AGED CRISIS

Stre(( directly tracea/le to (ecretarie(.per(on *ho ha+e reached middle

age and failed to achie+e career goal( i( e3perienced /y a large n'm/er of

profe((ional (ecretarie(, It i( depre((ing to -no* that I am no longer a yo'ng

man *ith potential(, I am -ind of middle7aged no/ody no*G, &ommented a

la/oratory gro'p leader, Le+in(on '(e( age => a( the entry point into middle7

age, By thi( age in life" mo(t (ecretarie( ha+e eno'gh data to ma-e a reali(tic

a((e((ment of their ('cce(( and fail're pattern of life,

%.' RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL AND

ORGANI>ATIONAL STRESS

Do'gla( T, #all and $oger Man(field ha+e recently de+eloped a

(y(tem0( model of the relation(hip /et*een indi+id'al and organi6ational


31/78

re(pon(e to (tre(( that integrate( (ome of the ideal( to /e pre(ented in thi(

pro)ect, Thi( model i( (ho*n in fig're ;, Stre((" in their conception i( an

e3ternal force operating on a (y(tem" /e that (y(tem and organi6ation or a

per(on, Strain i( the change in the (tate of the internal (y(tem, Stre(( and

Strain" the(e are not (ynonymo'(!, When indi+id'al( or organi6ation( are

('/)ect to e3ternal (tre((e(" it may lead to internal (train(,

Stre(( *a( originally an engineering term introd'ced into the (ocial

(cience( /y #ane Selye in ;C=?, Selye +ie*( (tre(( a( the non7(pecifically

ind'ced change( *ithin a /iological (y(tem non7(pecific" /eca'(e it implie(

that any adaptation to a pro/lem faced /y the /ody" irre(pecti+e of the nat're of

the pro/lem" i( incl'ded,

Organi6ational re(pon(e to (tre(( *ill change the organi6ation

en+ironment for the profe((ional indi+id'al and may th'( create (train for the

indi+id'al, Stre(( placed 'pon the organi6ation th'( may 'ltimately re('lt in

indi+id'al (tre(( and (train, For e3ample(" a (tate7('pported ho(pital may

re(pond to /'dget c't( /y not hiring replacement( for many employee( *ho

ha+e normal attrition" employee( *ill e3perience hea+ier *or-load( /eca'(e a


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(maller n'm/er of people *ill /e performing the (ame amo'nt of *or-

performed in the pa(t /y a larger n'm/er of people

F08 $

INTERNAL ORGANI>ATIONSL STRESS

Fig, ; a/o+e (ho*( a model of organi6ational and indi+id'al adaptation to

(tre((, $eprod'ced *ith permi((ion" Do'gla( T, #all and $oper Man(field"

Organi(ational and indi+id'al re(pon(e to e3ternal (tre((G" Admini(trati+e

Science 'arterly 4ol, ? No, 9" Decem/er ;C; pp, >==7>9!, Thi( increa(ed

*or-load may lead to (train for (ome (ecretary,

Organi6ational

(tre((

Organi6ational

Strain

Organi6ational

$e(pon(e

Indi+id'al

Stre((

Indi+id'alStrain

Indi+id'al$e(pon(e


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%.5 CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF STRESS

CAUSES OF STRESS

There are a lot of factor( that are re(pon(i/le for (tre(( on (ecretary0( )o/

performance, Among them are5

7 Social (tre((or(

7 2er(onal trait(

7 Intrin(ic )o/ factor(

7 State of preparedne(( for the )o/

7 $ole( and re(pon(i/ilitie(

a! SOCIAL STRESSORS5

Mar(hall et al ;CC! fo'nd that the family can /e a +ery great (o'rce of

(tre(( to the *or-er" e(pecially *here the (tage( of gro*th of children are (till

at ('ch le+el( then they need con(tant attention or d'ring adole(cence *hen

they get intoa lot of pro/lem, A (ecretary *ho a lot of family pro/lem( may

find it diffic'lt to di+orce *or- from family pro/lem(,

Almo(t Nigerian road(" apart from the national e3pre(( *ay(" are /ad

and mo(t of the +ehicle( plying them are not road7*orthy a( *ell a(


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in('fficient n'm/er of +ehicle( for p'/lic tran(portation, Thi( ma-e( Nigerian

*or-er to go to *or- 'nder the mo(t in h'man condition( of tran(portation

*hich forced them to arri+e late at *or- place, When they get there" they are

met *ith 8'erie( for late coming, The (ecretary find( that 'rgent *or- ha+e

piled 'p on her ta/le and in the /id to catch 'p *ith time" (tre(( i( generated in

her,

/! PERSONAL TRAITS5

In the time( of rece((ion *hich i( normally accompanied /y lo*

(tandard( of li+ing" financial diffic'ltie( are 'ppermo(t in people0( mind( if a

(ecretary i( ('ffering from financial pro/lem(" thi( *ill affect her concentration

on the )o/ at hand" and (ince the (ecretarial f'nction( normally re8'ire high

(till and h'ndred percent concentration" thi( in+aria/ly affect( the -ind of *or-

(he doe(, The pro/lem( are normally compo'nded if the organi6ation doe( not

ma-e any mo+e to help ameliorate the ('ffering( of it( *or-er(, She feel(

alienated on her o*n and 8'e(tion( the *i(dom of her dedication to her )o/

*hen it i( not capa/le of helping her (ol+e her pro/lem(,

2eople ha+e different /iological ma-e7'p( and are reared in different

(ocial en+ironment(, The(e difference( in ma-e7'p( ma-e different people to


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re(pond to the (ame (tim'li on different *ay(, Mar(hall ;C! ('gge(ted that

people (ho'ld /e ta-en indi+id'ally *hen )'dgment( of re(pon(e( to (tre(( are

/eing made, Al(o" Scheiffer ;C! fo'nd that p(ychological /arrier( of

indi+id'al *or-er may red'ce effecti+ene(( of the *or-er, Therefore" if one

(ecretary i( not (tre((ed /y a partic'lar )o/ factor" all (ecretarie( (ho'ld not /e

e3pected to end're ('ch a (tre((or, The /e(t thing to do i( to try a( m'ch a(

po((i/le to eliminate tho(e )o/ characteri(tic( that ma-e her one of the mo(t

(tre((f'l )o/( aro'nd,

They are fo'nd to /e challenging *or-ing" o+erload of *or-" time

pre(('re" high achie+ement prerogati+e" hyper acti+ene(( and hyper alertne((

a( *ell a( a tendency to neglect e+ery other life commitment in the /id to

(ati(fy the )o/ commitment(, All the(e are (tre((7prone to *or- /eha+io'r thatare +ery li-ely to generate (tre(( for the (ecretary and *hich may affect her )o/

performance,

c! INTRINSIC JOB FACTOR5


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Mo(t of the (o'rce( of (tre(( in the modern *orld are (o familiar that

they are ta-en for granted, Again" e+ery )o/ de(cription contain( factor( that

for (ome people at (ometime( can re('lt in (tre((,

With Thi( intrin(ic factor incl'de noi(e" (itting arrangement(" *elfare

and hygiene" lac- of proper 8'alification( for different conflicting role( one i(

e3pected to play in the *or- place a( *ell a( the (tren'o'( relation(hip (he

enco'nter in the *or- en+ironment,

Mo(t organi6ation( locate their /'(ine((e( along the road for ea(y

acce((i/ility to the c'(tomer(" /'t thi( increa(e the amo'nt of traffic noi(e that

get( to the office, When the )ingling of telephone( and clatter of type*riter( are

added to it thi( can /'ild 'p to a cre(cendo of noi(e that can /e ner+e7*rac-ing"

fatig'ing and can retard *or- performance, Noi(e can ca'(e hearing damagepermanently or temporarily /y de(troying the ner+e( in the inner ear,

$e(earch re+eal( that noi(e i( a common pro/lem in office(, A'dio

typi(t( and telephone operator( are e3po(ed to noi(e le+el(" *hich may re('lt in

permanent hearing damage,

Sitting arrangement i( +ery important /'t often ignored, The normal

m'(c'lar *or- re8'ire( alternate contraction and rela3ation of the m'(cle( for


37/78

the increa(e in /lood flo* and the ea(y remo+al of *a(te prod'ct(, #o*e+er"

in mo(t office(" de(-(" ta/le(" chair( and other f'rnit're *ith *hich the(ecretary *or-( are often inade8'ate for her and help to hinder the degree of

manoe'+ra/ility d'ring the co'r(e of the *or-,

The office(" (hop( and $ail*ay Act of ;C9 (tip'late( that each per(on

m'(t ha+e a minim'm of forty 9:! (8'are feet of floor (pace" e3cl'ding

f'rnit're and fit7'p" to her(elf" /'t of ten thi( i( not the ca(e in mo(t *or-

place(5 A re(earch e+idence (ho*ed that one h'ndred and thirty )o/( *ere

e3amined and the )o/ the (ecretary doe( came (econd a( the mo(t (tre((f'l of

all e3amined,

Jiner(ely ;CCC! fo'nd that in Britain"


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telephone *ire( etc, are (ome of the ca'(e( of the(e accident( that *ere

identified,c! STATE OF PREPAREDNESS FOR THE JOB

Ar'ot're ;C>! empha(i6ed that choo(ing a career entailed ta-ing (toc-

of *here one ha( /een" *here one i( pre(ently and *here one *i(he( to go,

Today" in Nigeria" people go into the (ecretarial profe((ion *itho't the

temperamental and phy(ical 8'alification(" *hich are (o +ital if one i( to

('cceed at it, Eg'ag/e ;C9! (aid that the pro/lem of many (chool lea+er( i(

that they da//le into profe((ion( for *hich they do not ha+e the calling /eca'(e

of improper or total lac- of g'idance and co'n(elling, A career ('ch a( the

(ecretarial career in+ol+e( not only (y(tematic ed'cation for the act'al

occ'pation /'t al(o (y(tematic occ'pational e3perience for *hich eachocc'pation i( con(idered a( technical and (ocial preparation( for the ('cceeding

one,

Jno*ledge of h'man relation(" /'(ine(( comm'nication(" c'rrent affair(

i(('e( and a (ecretarial f'nction( a( *ell a( the (-ill( are nece((ary if any

partic'lar (ecretary i( to operate *itho't (tre(( d'e to lac- of confidence and

preparation for the )o/ if the(e are lac-ing" they lead to the prod'ction of a


39/78

half7/a-ed (ecretary *ho i( no good to her(elf or the organi6ation and *ho i(

al*ay( e3periencing (tre(( and *or- cri(i( d'e to lac- of the a/ility to meet*or-7related (it'ation(,

e! ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES5

The nat're of the (ecretary0( )o/ ma-e( her role in the organi6ation

diffic'lt to de(cri/e" e(pecially (ince technological ad+ancement increa(e the

f'nction( (he i( e3pected to carry o't daily, The Uni+er(ity of Michigan

identified role am/ig'ity a( one of the greate(t ca'(e( of )o/ (tre((, Thi( role

am/ig'ity i( normally /ro'ght a/o't /y inade8'ate information a/o't the )o/"

'n(tated )o/ o/)ecti+e( and more than one ('perior in(tr'ction to a ('/ordinate,

Lac- of clear definition of the (ecretary0( )o/ place( her in the /o'ndary

po(ition /et*een the /o(( and other *or-er(" and /et*een the company ando't(ide +i(itor( for (he i( e3pected to mediate *ith the(e different gro'p( to

achie+e (ati(faction for all of them, Thi( pro/lem i( one of the e3tremely high

role conflict and (tre((,

The (ecretary0( re(pon(i/ilitie( in the organi6ation incl'de ta-ing care of

her *or- and /o((0 *or- (ched'le a( *ell a( en('ring that the important

company information are (afeg'arded and that the machinery (he *or-( *ith


40/78

are in good condition(, She i( e3pected to ('per+i(e )'nior (ecretarie(" typi(t("

me((enger(" and other office cler-(" and at the (ame time maintain good h'manrelation(hip( *ith them, Thi( role according to S'ala*a ;C9! i( a delicate

one to perform ('cce((f'lly, She often ha( to ta-e re(pon(i/ility for *or- for

*hich her a'thority i( not commen('rate or not clearly (tated, Often (he act(

a( the /o(( in ca(e( of emergency and ha( to a(('re rate *or-er( or +i(itor( that

e+erything i( in order *hen (he her(elf doe( not e+en -no* *hat the ca'(e of

the tro'/le i(, #er po(ition a( a ('per+i(or ma-e( her not to /elong f'lly to the

cla(( of )'nior *or-er(" nor can (he claim to /e a team *ith the top

management,

Mar(hall 8'oted that re(pon(i/ilitie( for people i( more li-ely to ca'(e

(tre(( than re(pon(i/ilitie( for machine(,G If a (ecretary i( lac-ing thenece((ary fact for handling (trained h'man relation(" (he may ca'(e her

company to lo(e +al'a/le c'(tomer( and c'(tom,

Therefore" it i( fo'nd that *here ('/ordinate feel that their /o((e( are

incon(iderate and o+erly critical of performance" there i( m'ch (tre(( and it

/ecome( +ery diffic'lt to /alance the entire )o/ re8'ired /eha+io'r in order to


41/78

prod'ce e3cellent *or-, All the(e lead to manife(tation( of pro/lem( to /oth

the *or-er0( health" hi( mentality and hi( a/ility to perform hi( role( *ell,EFFECTS OF STRESS5

The effect( of (tre(( are manife(ted in e+eryday life, A( 8'oted /y

Mar(hall" he fo'nd that (tre(( generated in the /ody can /e adapted to for (ome

time /'t that i( a mal7adaptation /eca'(e any (light addition of f'rther (tre(( to

the /ody ca'(e( it to collap(e and thi( co'ld lead to )o/ retardation" ina/ility to

perform role identification, The fre8'ent incidence of (tre(( in the *or- place

*a( identified /y D'/rin ;C;! a( /eing one of the greate(t factor( re(pon(i/le

for high rate of la/o'r t'rno+er and )o/ di((ati(faction,

Le+i(on ;C:! *rote an article on ho* an e3ec'ti+e *ho *a( a

hard*or-ing man achie+ed almo(t impo((i/le height( in hi( career at a +eryyo'ng age" *or-ing 'nder almo(t inh'man condition( of (tre((" 'ntil ('ddenly"

he fo'nd it impo((i/le to concentrate or do any prolonged depre((ion pha(e(,

One day" o't of de(peration and a (en(e of '(ele((ne((" he too- hi( life,

&o'ld he ha+e /een p'(hed to commit ('icide /eca'(e of high le+el of

(tre(( 'nder *hich he *or-ed@


42/78

%.HOW TO CONTROL STRESS

Stre(( occ'r( *hen yo' percei+e that demand( placed on yo' K ('ch a( *or-"

(chool or relation(hip( K e3ceed yo'r a/ility to cope, Some (tre(( can /e

/eneficial at time(" prod'cing a /oo(t that pro+ide( the dri+e and energy to help

people get thro'gh (it'ation( li-e e3am( or *or- deadline(, #o*e+er" an

e3treme amo'nt of (tre(( can ha+e health con(e8'ence(" affecting the imm'ne"

cardio+a(c'lar and ne'roendocrine and central ner+o'( (y(tem(" and ta-e a

(e+ere emotional toll,

#ere are fi+e healthy techni8'e( that p(ychological re(earch ha( (ho*n to help

red'ce (tre(( in the (hort7 and long7termH

;, Ta-e a /rea- from the (tre((or, Meditate

%. GOOD STRESS


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%ood (tre(( help( '( go a/o't o'r daily ta(-( and achie+e tho(e hard7to7reach

goal(, Thi( (tre((" called e'(tre((" help( '( learn ne* thing(" adapt to changeand engage in creati+e thin-ing, E+eryone e3perience( good (tre(( on a daily

/a(i(, Another form of good (tre(( i( the (tre(( that ena/le( '( to ('r+i+e in

time( of tra'ma, Thi( (tre(( ma-e( '( a*are of danger and ena/le( '( to e(cape

*hen *e need to,


44/78

O(hodi7I(olo Local go+ernment *a( one of the local go+ernment( co'ncil(

created in Lago( State in ;C: 'nder the ci+ilian admini(tration of &hief Lateef1a-ande ha+ing di((ol+ed the then e3i(ting eight local go+ernment,

In ;C=" O(hodi7I(olo local go+ernment *a( again merged *ith M'(hin local

go+ernment of *hich it *a( formerly a part" the merger *a( implemented

'nder the military regime of %eneral Mohammed B'hari a( the 2re(ident of

the federal $ep'/lic of Nigeria and &ommodore %/olahan M'da(hir' a(

%o+ernor of Lago( State, #o*e+er" O(hodi7I(olo *a( again car+ed o't of

M'(hin local go+ernment in A'g'(t ;CC; 'nder the military admini(tration of

%eneral I/rahim Ba/angida,

The creation of additional thirty7(e+en =! local co'ncil de+elopment area( /y

the go+ernor of Lago( State in Octo/er


45/78

go+ernment on the North" Onig/og/o Local %o+ernment on the North7Ea(t"

and M'(lin A)ina Local %o+ernment in the So'th7So'th Ea(t,

The Local %o+ernment i( a Socio7&'lt'ral repre(entati+e of the typical

Nigerian (ociety *ith +ario'( ethnic gro'p( /eing *ell repre(ented, It i(

endo*ed *ith an a((em/lage of people *ith +ario'( c'lt're( and ethnic

gro'p(" rich in c'lt'ral heritage e+idenced d'ring national cele/ration("

fe(ti+al(" carni+al(" c'lt'ral competition( and cele/ration( to mar- tri/e(.ethnic

day(,

ACCESSIBILITY STRATEGICALLY POSITIONED

O(hodi7I(olo Local %o+ernment occ'pie( a (trategic po(ition in the (tate, It i(

centrally located and (er+e( a( a tran(it point *ithin the Lago( metropoli("

other (tate( and o't(ide *orld,

It ho'(e( the M'rtala Mohammed International Airport and it( local *ing" th'(

ma-ing it the gate*ay to Nigeria,A( a matter of fact o+er fi+e million people

tran(act /'(ine(( here on a daily /a(i(,

HER ROOTS, CULTURE AND PEOPLE

O(hodi i( a co(mopolitan (etting of the A*ori( or'/a! /'t /y and large it i(

/eing dominated /y Ig/o0( #a'(a0( and or'/a0( and to a le((er e3tent


46/78

/eing dominated /y Ig/o (" #a'(a (" and or'/a ( and to a le((er e3tent

foreigner(" e(pecially from the We(t African ('/7region,

THE EMERGENCE OF OSHODI

The antecedent of O(hodi" an A*ori to*n date( /ac- to the early ;9th &ent'ry"

*hen Og'nf'nminire led a /and of people (o'th *ard( o+er the Og'n ri+er to

Iro near the pre(ent Mo-olo-i in Og'n State, According to tradition"

Og'nf'minire (topped at I(heri *here a floating di(h directing the /and (an-

hence the name A*o Iri *hich gi+e( the name of that (toc- of the or'/a race,

A*ori0, T*o (ect( of the A*ori (toc- ga+e /irth to O(hodi and I(olo,

The A*ori( of O(hodi *ere led /y ONI2ESA from Ado7 Odo to a ne* fo'nd

place called I%BO7I%BESA again(t a ('(tained 'n(o'ght /y hi( nee /elligerent

neigh/or" Onipe(a (o'ght the help of O(hodi" a tapa man to *hom he later

/e8'eathed hi( cro*n and (e+en h'nter( after he reigned for ;9 year(, O(hodi

('cceeded Onipe(a and re7named Ig/o7Ig/e(a a( O(hodi,

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN

! $ INTRODUCTION


47/78

!.$ INTRODUCTION

Thi( chapter deal( *ith the method( and proced're( employed incarrying o't thi( pro)ect, It therefore co+er( the de(cription of the area( of

(t'dy" the pop'lation" method( of data collection" de(cription of the in(tr'ment(

'(ed" method of data analy(i( and data pre(entation,

!.% AREA OF STUDY

Thi( re(earch *a( carried o't in O(hodi7I(olo Local %o+ernment Area" Lago(

State" Nigeria, The organi(ation co+ered *a( the O(hodi7I(olo Local

%o+ernment Secretariat *here indi+id'al( *ere (elected at random for the

admini(tration of 8'e(tionnaire(,

!.! POPULATION AND SAMPLE POPULATION

POPULATION

The pop'lation of the (t'dy refer( to the total element( that the re(earcher

admini(tered 8'e(tionnaire( to in the (t'dy in O(hodi7I(olo Local %o+ernment,

Thi( incl'de( manager(" middle management (taff and )'nior employee(, The

total co'ld /e p't at o+er ;


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total co'ld /e p't at o+er ;


49/78

8 " p pp y

deri+ed from the 8'e(tionnaire(,

SECONDARY DATA

Secondary data can /e defined a( data collected /y (omeone el(e for p'rpo(e(

other than (ol+ing the pro/lem( /eing in+e(tigated, S'ch data can /e

o/tained internally or e3ternally,

The principal (o'rce of (econdary data *a( ne*(paper article( and

)o'rnal( on (tre((, Some *ere al(o /o'ght and collected from /oth p'/li(hed

and 'np'/li(hed material(, Te3t/oo-( are con('lted to ena/le the re(earcher

get the nece((ary data for (t'dy,

!.5 INSTRUMENTS USED IN DATA COLLECTION

In order to gather an in7depth rea(on and rele+ant information needed to

ma-e thi( (t'dy a h'ge ('cce((" the re(earch in(tr'ment '(ed are a( follo*(5

a! UESTIONNAIRES

The de(ign i( drafted for different cadre of (taff a( *ell a( top manager(

and ('per+i(ory grade, The re(earcher '(ed ye( or no 8'e(tion(" m'ltiple

choice 8'e(tion(" open7ended 8'e(tion( in a logical manner one leading to


50/78

8 p 8 g g

more mind (earching 8'e(tion(,

/! PERSONAL#ORAL INTERVIEW

The de(ign and draft i( in form of inter+ie* g'ide and partially a

(ched'le, The 8'e(tion( are de(igned in ('ch that (ome are (tr'ct'red and (ome

are 'n(tr'ct'red,

The (tr'ct're 8'e(tion( *a( '(ed in 8'e(tion( *here the re(earcher

e3pect( +arying an(*er( from the re(pondent(, The 8'e(tion( *ere entered in

the (ched'le, The 8'e(tion( *ere a( (imple a( po((i/le,

c! PERSONAL OBSERVATION TRIP5

The re(earcher '(ed thi( re(earch in(tr'ment /eca'(e it entailed nothing

a( yo' (ee them, The merit( are that it i( more acc'rate and o/)ecti+e, Ba(ed

on thi(" the re(earcher '(ed the (tr'ct'red o/(er+ation method" *hich i( not the

('/)ecti+e, The re(earcher paid +i(it( to the organi6ation to (ee a+aila/le

*or-ing material( or e8'ipment and to find o't the +alidity and a'thenticity of

the 8'e(tion a(-ed and replie( gi+en, Thi( i( aimed at a+oiding hone(t


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mi(ta-e( often made /y the re(pondent(,

!. METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS

In analy(ing the data" the re(earcher employed (imple ta/le and chi

(8'are analy(i( method, The ta/le( *ere gro'ped according to the re(earcher0(

8'e(tion" *hich they *ere meant to te(t, They con(i(ted of re(pon(e(" the

n'm/er of re(pondent( and the corre(ponding percentage,

An(*er( to each of the 8'e(tion( *ere co'nted and (eparated according

to re(pon(e(, Thereafter" the percentage of re(pon(e(" that i( di(agreeG"

agreeG" (trongly agreeG" (trongly di(agreeG" indifferentG re(pon(e( *ere

ta-en in order to determine the ma)ority +ie*,

The (tati(tical tool employed for thi( *a( the I SUA$E TEST FO$INDE2ENDEN&E,


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DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS DATA

'.$ INTRODUCTION

Thi( chapter foc'(e( on the analy(i( and interpretation of the data

gathered d'ring the re(earch" it al(o te(t( the hypothe(i( proffered and then

di(c'((e( the finding(, The data o/tained from the 8'e(tionnaire *a( analy(ed

'(ing the (imple percentage method,

'.% ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Under thi(" the information recei+ed from the re(pondent( are pre(ented

and analy(ed accordingly, The total n'm/er of 8'e(tionnaire( di(tri/'ted *a(

9: copie(,

SE&TION A5

The re(pon(e recei+ed from thi( (ection of the 8'e(tionnaire i(

interpreted /elo*5

;, UALIFI&ATION5

UALLIFICATION RESPONSES PERCENTAGE TOTAL

$SA 9 $.ND $.5B,Sc, ;: %5.

N&E = .5


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#ND ;? '.

TOTAL ' $.I 371 2< *+0 $.5=?79: %.9?7>: = .5>;7a/o+e : .

TOTAL ' $.


54/78

I 371 2< *8, 55 ;3 !-' *1, % '$-'5

*1 60+ $.5 ;3 !-!5 *1. I *440302, '-5 *1

322 * 1+09 2< .5. T6 2 12431, 621 *8 ;*93 *1

;3 5$-*;2/ *1.

'e(tion 95 MA$ITAL STATUS

MARITAL STATUS RESPONSES T23*+

SIN%LE 9 $.

MA$$IED =? ".TOTAL ' $.T6 M*03*+ 13*31 2< 12431 *1 * 19*+ 2< ":$, 036 36

7*04 7*203 ;08 " *4 36 70203 108+ ;08 $.

'e(tion >5 2OSITION IN O$%ANIRATION

POSITION RESPONSES PERCENTAGE TOTAL

TO2 MANA%EMENT 9 $.MIDDLE MANA%EMENT ;: %5.SU2E$4ISO$ $.5OT#E$S ;C '.5TOTAL ' $.

T6 210302 2< 36 12431 2;3*04 3 36 4*3* *3 '.5


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2361 621 +/+ 23 09+44, %5


56/78

T23*+ 5. !%.5 5%.5 $.

T6 *;2/ 3*;+ 0409*34 36*3 5. 1328+ *84, !%.5

*84, 5%.5 401*84 *4 $. 1328+ 401*84.

'e(tion =5 Are yo'r colleag'e( (ometime( deli/erately 'ncooperati+e and try

to get yo' into tro'/le@

V*0*;+1 Strongly Agree Agree Di(agree Strongly Di(agree'e(tion = ; = ;= T23*+ .5 %%.5 !.5 !%.5

T6 *;2/ 3*;+ 0409*34 36*3 .5 1328+ *84, %%.5

*84, !.5 401*84 *4 !%.5 1328+ 401*84.

'e(tion >5 Doe( tran(portation pro/lem ma-e yo' come to *or- late@


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V*0*;+1 Strongly Agree Agree Di(agree Strongly Di(agree'e(tion > ?


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V*0*;+1 Strongly Agree Agree Di(agree Strongly Di(agree'e(tion C ;9 ;: T23*+ %%.5 !5. %5. $.5

T6 *;2/ 3*;+ 0409*34 36*3 %%.5 1328+ *84, !5 *84,

%5. 401*84 *4 $.5 1328+ 401*84.

'e(tion C5 Will pro+i(ion of all nece((ary *or-ing material( ena/le

(ecretarie( perform their )o/( and increa(e their *or- performance@

V*0*;+1 Strongly Agree Agree Di(agree Strongly Di(agree'e(tion C ;< = : T23*+ %.5 !. .5 .

T6 *;2/ 3*;+ 0409*34 36*3 %.5 1328+ *84, ! *84,

.5 401*84 *4 2 1328+ 401*84.

'.! HYPOTHESIS TEST

The analy(i( of the relia/ility and +alidity of the hypothe(e( *ere /a(ed


59/78

on the re(pon(e( from the ta/le( that are rele+ant to the hypothe(i( prior

de+eloped, The employed (tati(tical tool *a( the &hi (8'are Te(t for

Independence Form'la5


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re)ected *hile the alternati+e hypothe(i( #i! *ill /e accepted,


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;C, =:,>? =,:;

= ,> 79,> 7:,> :, :,:=

;; ,> =,> ; :,>? :,:9

: ;9, 7;9, ==,:?= >,> =:, =,>?

;= ,> 9,>


62/78

H236101 %

#o5 That (tre(( increa(e( the efficiency of a Secretary on the )o/ performance,

#i5 That (tre(( doe( not increa(e the efficiency of a (ecretary on the )o/

performance,

'e(tion( ;"


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;> ;: ;:: ?,?

;? ; =,> ; :, :,: ; :, :,: 9 :, :,:

: =,> 7=,> ;


64/78

: =,> 7=,> ;

".'%

Degree of freedom 97;!97;! C

&alc'lated chi (8'are te(t +al'e C,9, Lac- of incenti+e(" 'ncond'ci+e *or-ing en+ironment" reg'lar 'pdating

of (-ill to meet ne* technological (tandard( a( *ell a( good )o/ de(ign

ha+e (tre(( effect on (ecretary0( )o/ performance a( *ell a(

8'alification(,

?, Al(o from the finding(" it i( noted that (tre(( co'ld lead to fr'(tration of

effect(" di((ati(faction *ith the *or- (ecretarie( do" deterioration of

health and conf'(ion of role( and re(pon(i/ilitie(,

5.! CONCLUSION

Thi( re(earch re+ealed that there are a lot of (tre((or( in the (ecretaryV0

)o/, In fact" e+erything (he *or-( *ith or meet( in the co'r(e of the )o/ are

potential (tre((or(, Mo(t of the (o'rce( of (tre(( in modern *orld are (o

familiar that they are ta-en for granted and e+ery )o/ de(cription contained

factor( that for (ome people at (ometime( co'ld re('lt to (tre((,

;, $e(pon(e( re+ealed that (ome (tre((or( are of greater (ignificance to the

(ecretarie( /eca'(e of the ha+oc they are capa/le of ro'ting on the )o/

(ecretarie( do, From the re(pon(e(" one can (ee that lac- of e8'ipment

and ade8'ate *or-ing material( ha+e great effect on )o/ performance of


69/78

(ecretarie( /'t if the organi6ation( are e8'ipped *ith good office

e8'ipment e(pecially the modern one(" it *ill enhance the prod'cti+ity

of (ecretarie(,


70/78

=, Finally" lac- of training can hinder (ecretary0( )o/ performance greatly

and *hen there are 'ntrained (ecretarie(" the management *o'ld /e

/ac-*ard in term( of efficiency and other area( of management

acti+itie(, Again per(onal 8'alification( of (ecretarie( /oth phy(ically

and mentally for the )o/ they do al(o ha+e effect on (ecretary0( )o/

performance, Threat( from ('/7ordinate *ho po((e(( /etter profe((ional

8'alification( and from ('per+i(or( *ho po((e(( fe*er 8'alification(

than the (ecretarie( do ha+e direct effect on the (ecretary0( )o/

performance,

9, Lac- of training can hinder (ecretary0( )o/ performance greatly and

*here there are 'ntrained (ecretarie(" the management *o'ld /e lac-ing

in other area( of management acti+itie(,

5.' RECOMMENDATIONS

It i( not po((i/le to eliminate all the (tre((or( in the (ecretary0( )o/" nor i( it

indeed recommended for thi( to /e done, Stre(( (ometime( i( nece((ary a( a

(p'r to get the (ecretary0( latent a/ilitie( into the open and achie+e high

(tandard( of performance, #o*e+er" it *o'ld /e +ery helpf'l if (ome (tep(


71/78

*ere ta-en to red'ce the effect( of (ome of the(e (tre((or( on (ecretary0( )o/,

a! One *ay in *hich thi( can /e done i( /y ade8'ate training of the

(ecretarie( /oth phy(ically and mentally in the (-ill( they *o'ld need on

the )o/ (it'ation and in good h'man relation(, Al(o" ade8'ate -no*ledge

of c'rrent affair( and fle3i/ility of )o/" ea(y adaptation,

Thi( *o'ld en('re that *ell7ro'nded (ecretarie( are prod'ced,

/! In addition" pro+i(ion of good *or-ing material( for (ecretarie( can al(o

remedy the (it'ation, No profe((ional can /e e3pected to do a gi+en )o/

*ell *itho't the tool( of her trade, So good e8'ipment and ade8'ate

material( (ho'ld /e pro+ided, A contrary to thi( i( the de(ign of a good

)o/ pattern and (pecific )o/ (pecification( for them to pre+ent them and

other( from getting conf'(ed a( to *here their )o/ (tarted and ended,

c! F'rthermore" ade8'ate co7operation from the /o(( *ill go a long *ay in

helping red'ce the (tre((f'l (it'ation in the (ecretary0( )o/, If there i( a

(mooth flo*ing relation /et*een them" then all *or- *ill flo* nat'rally,

Be(ide(" thi( incenti+e( (ho'ld /e (ecretarie( to ma-e them (ee need to

*or- *ell and hard, %ood tran(portation (y(tem" health care and


72/78

financial rem'neration are (ome of the(e,

d, %ood co'n(elling (ho'ld /e made a+aila/le to (ecretarie( (o a( to aid

them in choo(ing their career,

Thi( *ill al(o help them *hene+er family or (ocial pro/lem( are

*eighing them do*n, They can 'n/'rden them(el+e( and /enefit from

/oth the ad+ice and *or-,

The(e are /y no mean( an e3ha'(ti+e li(t of *hat co'ld /e done" /'t if

they are done" many of the (tre((or( in the (ecretary0( life today *ill

di(appear tomorro*,

e, Eating ha/it5 Eating ha/it of the profe((ional (ecretary i( a factor that

re8'ire( (erio'( concentration concerning the *ay in *hich he cope(

*ith hi( *or-,

For in(tance" he (ho'ld a+oid hea+y food *hile on d'ty, Into3icating

drin-( (ho'ld al(o /e a+oided *hile on d'ty, Thi( i( /eca'(e hi( *or-

demand( an e3treme '(e of memory and to /e at *or- all the time" he

(ho'ld a+oid anything that can /lo* hi( mind,


73/78

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A$OUTU$E" E5 #o* /e(t to choo(e a career, S'nday O/(er+er"

March ;?" ;CC" page ;,

&$AIA" M5 Office Wor- S'r+i+al #and/oo-, $e((el 2re(("

BSS$S" 2'/lication( Ltd," London" ;C;,

A2LAIN5 Lect'rer note on Stre(( $SUST!

FAE" 15 Secretarie(5 2illar for Organi(ation 2rogre((, Nigerian

tide" 1'ly ;:" ;C; 2g C,

FO%E& %,T,5 2redicting Empolyed performance, 2er(onal, 1o'rnal

1'ne ;:" ;C 4ol, >> No, ?,

ILODIBE" I,5 It i( time %o+ernment E+ol+ed a policy on $oad

Tran(portation, Daily Time(" No+em/er ;= ;C


74/78

MBADIWE" O,5 The Di(a(ter of Nigerian 2'/lic Tran(portation, Daily

Time(" Friday Decem/er ;> ;C=" page ,

MA&$OSJ" 15 Wor- and family5 *hat i( the Employer(

re(pon(i/ility@ 2er(onnel 1o'rnal ;C


75/78

FEDERAL TRAINING CENTRE, I&OYI, LAGOS

UESTIONNAIRE ON THE EFFECTS OF STRESS ON A SECRETARYS

JOB PERFORMANCE


76/78

JOB PERFORMANCE

Dear $e(pondent("

Thi( i( to inform yo' that the 8'e(tionnaire yo' are a/o't to an(*er i(

for re(earch p'rpo(e only, I *ill /e gratef'l if yo' can help in an(*ering the

8'e(tion( /y gi+ing an acc'rate and correct an(*er" a( it (hall /e confidentially

treated, #o*e+er" any information gi+en *ill /e (pecially treated and g'arded

clo(ely,

Than-( for yo'r anticipated co7operation,

UESTIONNAIRE

SECTION A

NAME OF T#E O$%ANIRATION

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Tic- good again(t the re(pon(e yo' con(idered applica/le and appropriateto yo',

;, UALIFI&ATION5

$,S,A ND BSc N&E #ND

=?79: 9:79>


77/78

9;7 9> 9?7>: >;7a/o+e

>, 2OSITION IN O$%ANIRATION5

TO2 MANA%EMENT MIDDLE MANA%EMENT

SU2E$4ISO$

OT#E$S S2E&IF!XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

SECTION B

In(tr'ction5 2lea(e -indly read the (tatement( and tic- ! in the col'mn that/e(t e3pre(( yo'r feeling(,

O3021:


78/78

$ Strongly Agree % Agree ! Di(agree ' Strongly Di(agree

S.N UESTION ; < = 9; Are yo' ('re yo' ha+e eno'gh *or-ing

material(.e8'ipment that *ill ena/leyo' perform yo'r )o/ *ith the lea(t(train@

< Are other amenitie( ('ch a( light"+entilation" *ater etc, ade8'ate for yo'r'(e to do yo'r )o/@

= Are yo'r colleag'e( (ometime(deli/erately 'n co7operati+e and try to

get yo' into tro'/le@

9 Do home pro/lem( (ometime( lea+eyo' 'nprepared for a day0( )o/

> Doe( tran(portation pro/lem ma-e yo'come to *or- late@

? Doe( (tre(( ha+e effect on the(ecretary0( )o/ performance@

Do yo' thin- (tre(( on the (ecretarymay red'ce their prod'cti+ity at the*or-place@

Are (ecretarie( allo*ed to ma-e '(e oftheir initiati+e@

C Will pro+i(ion of all nece((ary *or-ing

material( ena/le (ecretarie( performtheir )o/( and increa(e their *or-performance@

Documents

Oshodi-The Effects of Stress on the Secretary's Job Performance (a Case Study of Oshodi-Isolo LG)