MARMARA UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL

ENGINEERING

INTERNSHIP FINAL REPORT

STUDENT NAME : NİLGÜN KADAK

COMPANY NAME : ORGANİK KİMYA SANAYİ

VE TİCARET A.Ş.

ABOUT COMPANY

Company Profile

Company’s history dates back to 1924, when it was first founded as Elkasan, trading

chemicals from reputable global sources.

Organik Kimya was founded in 1965 with the main focus on polymer emulsions and

specialty chemicals. [1]

Key Assets of the Company

- Service to our customers

- Environmental care

- Investment in technology

- Investment in people

- Always, improve, adapt, update and upgrade - in production and corporate sense

- Never lose the competitive spirit, the enthusiasm to work and the desire to succeed

Environment is the key concern for us, in production, in new product developments, in

individual and corporate levels. In 2004 the company made the full shift to APEO-free

products. Its environmental accountability has seen its participation in national and

international movements such as Responsible Care®, ensuring that only environmentally

compliant products are manufactured and the most stringent environmental safeguards are

maintained during production. [2]

Company Vision

To be a leading chemical company with innovative solutions in specialty markets by

creating sustainable advantage to the whole value chain with a partnership approach.

Company Mission

1. To excell and develop in the higher end specialty applications, such as low VOC

coatings, water based industrial coatings, construction chemicals, specialty adhesives.

2. Customer intimacy is the other important element of our strategy.

3. We are targeting to become a strategic supplier that can create value for its

partners/customers, a supplier that listens to its customers and can create innovative &

creative solutions and add value to its customers. [3]

Total Quality and ISO 9001:2000

Being one of the leading companies in Polymers and Specialty Chemicals Business, it

is aim of company to serve our customers with top quality products and services.

Keeping customer satisfaction as its first priority, it is committed to a customer

focused approach to provide fast and reliable services along with world class quality

products.

It put a lot of efforts and investments into continuous Research&Development to

provide our customers value added solutions and the most efficient products, guiding them

as well sharing our vast experiences.

Having a modern and lean organizational structure, it is committed to continuous

improvement of the processes, work flows, the efficiencies and minimizing the waste and

scraps. Through all its processes, it takes a lot of care to be a reliable, consistent and

environmentally friendly producer with a systematic approach following standards as the

'ISO' and the 'Responsible Care'.

TURQUALITY ® - THE WORLD'S FIRST AND ONLY STATE SUPPORTED

TRADEMARK PROGRAM

Turquality® , is the first and only state supported branding program. The purpose of

the project is to determine the leading Turkish brands that have branding potential on

global basis and to provide strength to these brands toward becoming a global brand.

Therefore Turquality set off in 2004 with the slogan of ``10 global brands in 10

year’’. The program currently includes 89 companies & 101 trademarks operating in 7

different sectors.

[4]

Sustainability

Organik Kimya, knows that our products rely on an increasingly constrained set of

natural resources, whether these are the crude oil derivatives or other raw materials. It

recognizes that to achieve its future objectives, it has to take an active role in preserving,

renewing and thus sustaining the resources we consume.

It declares its sustainability strategy based on different principles as part of its

corporate culture and management systems. It is company’s commitment to the environment

and to future generations.

[5]

Introduction

Organik Kimya is a company that produce some kinds of chemical products. So it has

a production plant and a wastewater treatment plant. Therefore, it must provide against

serious occupational accidents. It is compulsory that the company has an occupational health

and safety specialist.My intern was about the occupational health and safety and I have learnt

lots of things about this point.

Main topics of things I have learnt in the training ;

Workplace hazards, their types and warning signs

Occupational health & safety and its control

Becoming an occupational health & safety specialist

Occupational health & safety standards and their controlls

Internal controls for laboratories

Internal risk analyses

Hazardous waste management

WORKPLACE HAZARDS

&

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

Employers have a responsibility to protect workers against health and safety hazards at

work. Workers have the right to know about potential hazards and to refuse work that they

believe is dangerous. Workers also have a responsibility to work safely with hazardous

materials.

Health and safety hazards exist in every workplace. Some are easily identified and

corrected, while others create extremely dangerous situations that could be a threat to

workers’ life or their long-term health. The best way to protect themselves is to learn to

recognize and prevent hazards in their workplace.

WORKPLACE HAZARDS

There are four main types of workplace hazards:

Physical hazards are the most common hazards and are present in most workplaces at

some time. Examples include;

Image [1]

Frayed electrical cords

I have learnt in the training what the workplace hazards, their types and

warning signs are.

Image [2]

Image [3]

Image [4]

Image [5]

Unguarded machinery

Exposed moving parts

Constant loud noise

Working from ladders

Image [6]

Image [7]

Image [8]

Some other signs about the physical hazards concern ;

Image [9] Image [10]

Scaffolding or heights

Spills

Tripping hazards

Image [11] Image [12]

Ergonomic hazards occur when the type of work you do, your body position and/or

your working conditions put a strain on your body. They are difficult to identify

because you don’t immediately recognize the harm they are doing to your health.

Examples include ;

Image [9]

Image [10]

Image [11]

Poor lighting

Improperly adjusted workstations and chairs

Frequent lifting

Chemical hazards are present when you are exposed to any chemical preparation

(solid, liquid or gas) in the workplace. Examples include ;

Image [12]

Image [13] Image [14]

Image [15]

Image [16]

Cleaning products and solvents

Vapours and fumes

Carbon monoxide or other gases

Gasoline or other flammable materials

Biological hazards come from working with people, animals or

infectious plant material. Examples include:

Image [17]

Blood or other bodily fluids

Bacteria and viruses

Insect bites

Animal and bird droppings

Workplace Inspections Prevent Hazards

Regular workplace inspections are another important factor in preventing injuries

and illnesses. By critically examining all aspects of the workplace, inspections identify

and record hazards that must be addressed and corrected.

A workplace inspection should include:

• listening to the concerns of workers and supervisors

• gaining further understanding of jobs and tasks

• identifying existing and potential hazards

• determining underlying causes of hazards

• monitoring hazard controls (personal protective equipment, engineering controls,

policies, procedures)

• recommending corrective action

[6]

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (OHS)

Occupational health and safety is concerned with protecting the safety, health and

welfare of people engaged in work or employment.

The enjoyment of these standards at the highest levels is a basic human right that

should be accessible by each and every worker.

Regardless of the nature of their work, workers should be able to carry out their

responsibilities in a safe and secure working environment, free from hazards.

These rights are set out in legislation to ensure that employers are clear about the

obligations and the consequences for neglecting them.

[7]

I have learnt what the occupational health & safety and its control are.

An occupational health and safety control is applied for the wastewater

treatment plant of the company. The goggles, hard hat and safety boots

are worn before the entrance to the wastewater treatment plant. Also, a

control was happened about these precautions for the workers.

Mission of Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Occupational health and safety specialists analyze many types of work environments

and work procedures. Specialists inspect workplaces for adherence to regulations on safety,

health, and the environment. They also design programs to prevent disease or injury to

workers and damage to the environment.

Work Environment

Occupational health and safety specialists work in a variety of settings, such as offices,

factories, and mines. Their jobs often involve fieldwork and travel. Most specialists work full

time. [8]

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY SPECIALIST

DOCUMENT CLASSES

(C) Class Occupational Health and Safety Specialist Document

It is given to the engineers, architects, or technical employee who succeeded at the (C)

Class Occupational Health and Safety exam by getting 70 or upper grade.

(B) Class Occupational Health and Safety Specialist Document

It is given to the engineers, architects, or technical employee who succeeded at the (B)

Class Occupational Health and Safety Exam by getting 70 or upper grade, and proved that

he/she actively served with his/her C class occupational health and safety specialist document

for at least 3 years with the documentation of Occupational Health and Safety Specialist

Contract.

I have learnt who the occupational health & safety specialists are and

what they do.

It is explained how to become an occupational health and safety specialist in

Turkey.

Becoming an Occupational Health and Safety Specialist

Engineers, architects and technical employees can be an occupational

health and safety specialist. These people have to receive an education

approved by the ministry office and taken an examination about this education.

(A) Class Occupational Health and Safety Specialist Document

It is given to the engineers, architects, or technical employee who succeeded at the (A)

Class Occupational Health and Safety Specialist Exam by getting 70 or upper grade, and

proved that he/she actively served with his/her C class occupational health and safetyy

specialist document for at least 4 years with the document of Occupational Health Specialist

Contract. [9]

STANDARDS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

ISO AND OHSAS STANDARDS

The standards are some documents that provide requirements, specifications, guidelines

or characteristics that can be used consistently to ensure that materials, products, processes

and services are fit for their purpose.

OHSAS CERTIFICATION : 18001

The OHSAS 18001 standard is internationally accepted as a method of assessing and

auditing occupational health and safety management systems. Developed by leading trade and

international standards bodies, it provides a framework for organisations to instigate proper

and effective management of health & safety in the workplace.

By having a clearly defined management system in place to identify and control health

and safety risks, organisations are able to minimise risks to their workforce and visitors or

external contractors on their premises. The standard will enable organisations to put in place

processes for continually reviewing and improving occupational health and safety.

I have learnt what the occupational health & safety

standards and how it is controlled.

Key areas that will be assessed by OHSAS certification ;

Management systems in place

Planning and risk assessment

Staff training and awareness

Communication of safety management systems

Response to emergency situations

Monitoring and continual improvement

[10]

ISO CERTIFICATIONS

ISO International Standards ensure that products and services are safe, reliable and of

good quality. For business, they are strategic tools that reduce costs by minimizing waste and

errors, and increasing productivity. They help companies to access new markets, level the

playing field for developing countries and facilitate free and fair global trade. [11]

ISO Certifications Related with the Environment

ISO 14000 – ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

The ISO 14000 family addresses various aspects of environmental management. It

provides practical tools for companies and organizations looking to identify and control their

environmental impact and constantly improve their environmental performance. ISO

14001:2004 and ISO 14004:2004 focus on environmental management systems. The other

standards in the family focus on specific environmental aspects such as life cycle analysis,

communication and auditing.

ISO 14001:2004

ISO 14001:2004 sets out the criteria for an environmental management system and can be

certified to. It does not state requirements for environmental performance, but maps out a

framework that a company or organization can follow to set up an effective environmental

management system. It can be used by any organization regardless of its activity or sector.

Using ISO 14001:2004 can provide assurance to company management and employees as

well as external stakeholders that environmental impact is being measured and improved.

The benefits of using ISO 14001:2004 can include:

Reduced cost of waste management

Savings in consumption of energy and materials

Lower distribution costs

Improved corporate image among regulators, customers and the public [12]

ISO 50001 – ENERGY MANAGEMENT

Using energy efficiently helps organizations save money as well as helping to conserve

resources and tackle climate change. ISO 50001 supports organizations in all sectors to use

energy more efficiently, through the development of an energy management system (EnMS).

An occupational health and safety control was applied for the filling and

logistic plants of the company. The results and lacks are written in a report.

(This control was related with the ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 standards.)

These processes are applied as part of the control ;

Stores are controlled.

Emergency exits are controlled.

Conservation conditions of the stocks are controlled.

Fire apparatus are controlled.

Toggle switches are controlled.

I have attended a training about the energy

management - ISO 50001 standards.

It was about the introduction to energy management

systems in our workplaces and homes.

ISO 50001:2011 – Energy Management System

ISO 50001 is based on the management system model of continual improvement also used

for other well-known standards such as ISO 9001 or ISO 14001. This makes it easier for

organizations to integrate energy management into their overall efforts to improve quality and

environmental management.

ISO 50001:2011 provides a framework of requirements for organizations to:

Develop a policy for more efficient use of energy

Fix targets and objectives to meet the policy

Use data to better understand and make decisions about energy use

Measure the results

Review how well the policy works, and

Continually improve energy management. [13]

RISK ASSESSMENT

Risk assessment is the process where you:

Identify hazards.

Analyze or evaluate the risk associated with that hazard.

Determine appropriate ways to eliminate or control the hazard.

In practical terms, a risk assessment is a thorough look at your workplace to identify

those things, situations, processes, etc that may cause harm, particularly to people. After

identification is made, you evaluate how likely and severe the risk is, and then decide what

measures should be in place to effectively prevent or control the harm from happening.

The aim of the risk assessment process is to remove a hazard or reduce the level of its

risk by adding precautions or control measures, as necessary. By doing so, you have created a

safer and healthier workplace.

I have learnt what risk analysis and risk analysis methods.

Some of risk assessments are applied for environment, occupational health

and safety and raw material.

Importance of Risk Assessments

Risk assessments are very important as they form an integral part of a good

occupational health and safety management plan. They help to:

Create awareness of hazards and risks.

Identify who may be at risk (employees, cleaners, visitors, contractors, the public, etc).

Determine if existing control measures are adequate or if more should be done.

Prevent injuries or illnesses when done at the design or planning stage.

Prioritize hazards and control measures.

How A Risk Assessment is done ;

In general, to do an assessment, these are should be done ;

Identify hazards.

Evaluate the likelihood of an injury or illness occurring, and its severity.

Consider normal operational situations as well as non-standard events such as shutdowns,

power outages, emergencies, etc.

Review all available health and safety information about the hazard such as MSDSs,

manufacturers literature, information from reputable organizations, results of testing, etc.

Identify actions necessary to eliminate or control the risk.

Monitor and evaluate to confirm the risk is controlled.

Keep any documentation or records that may be necessary. Documentation may include

detailing the process used to assess the risk, outlining any evaluations, or detailing how

conclusions were made.

When doing an assessment, these points should be taken into account ;

the methods and procedures used in the processing, use, handling or storage of the

substance, etc.

the actual and the potential exposure of workers

the measures and procedures necessary to control such exposure by means of engineering

controls, work practices, and hygiene practices and facilities

By determining the level of risk associated with the hazard, the employer and the joint

health and safety committee can decide whether a control program is required.

Classification of Risks

Definitions for Likelihood of Harm

Very Likely - Typically experienced at least once every six months by an individual.

Likely - Typically experienced once every five years by an individual.

Unlikely - Typically experienced once during the working lifetime of an individual.

Very unlikely - Less than 1% chance of being experienced by an individual during

their working lifetime.

Definitions for Severity of Harm

Potential severity of harm - When establishing potential severity of harm,

information about the relevant work activity should be considered, together with:

a) part(s) of the body likely to be affected;

b) nature of the harm, ranging from slight to extremely harmful:

1. slightly harmful (e.g., superficial injuries; minor cuts and bruises; eye irritation from dust;

nuisance and irritation; ill-health leading to temporary discomfort)

2. harmful (e.g., lacerations; burns; concussion; serious sprains; minor fractures; deafness;

dermatitis; asthma; work-related upper limb disorders; ill-health)

3. extremely harmful (e.g., amputations; major fractures; poisonings; multiple injuries; fatal

injuries; occupational cancer; other severely life shortening diseases; acute fatal diseases)

Definition for Risk Level

Very low - These risks are considered acceptable. No further action is necessary other

than to ensure that the controls are maintained.

Low - No additional controls are required unless they can be implemented at very low

cost (in terms of time, money, and effort). Actions to further reduce these risks are

assigned low priority. Arrangements should be made to ensure that the controls are

maintained.

Medium - Consideration should be as to whether the risks can be lowered, where

applicable, to a tolerable level and preferably to an acceptable level, but the costs of

additional risk reduction measures should be taken into account. The risk reduction

measures should be implemented within a defined time period. Arrangements should

be made to ensure that controls are maintained, particularly if the risk levels area

associated with harmful consequences.

High - Substantial efforts should be made to reduce the risk. Risk reduction measures

should be implemented urgently within a defined time period and it might be

necessary to consider suspending or restricting the activity, or to apply interim risk

control measures, until this has been completed. Considerable resources might have to

be allocated to additional control measures. Arrangements should be made to ensure

that controls are maintained, particularly if the risk levels are associated with

extremely harmful consequences and very harmful consequences.

Very high - These risk are unacceptable. Substantial improvements in risk control

measures are necessary so that the risk is reduced to a tolerable or acceptable level.

The work activity should be halted until risk controls are implemented that reduces the

risk so that it is no longer very high. If it is not possible to reduce the risk, the work

should remain prohibited.

[14]

Risk Assessment Methods - Fine & Kinney

Fine&Kinney Method is a method that is used for evaluating the risk positions of a

workplace.

Risk level is calculated with a formula for this method;

After the calculations, the risk level is commented according to Table [1] .

Table [1] [15]

Risk = Probability x Frequency x Severity

LABORATORY SAFETY RULES

Before starting any work in the lab, personnel should be familiar with the procedures

and equipment being used. Lab personnel should be aware of the chemical hazards before

working with them. Personnel who are unfamiliar with the hazardous material or a new

procedure should consult their supervisor.

1. Personal Safety Practices

Lab coats, gloves and safety glasses should be worn as appropriate in all laboratories.

Image [18]

Do not wear shorts, sandals, or open-toed shoes in lab.

Minors or personal pets are not permitted in laboratories.

Do not mouth pipette.

I have attended an internal control for the laboratories of the company.

Laboratory safety standards are checked during the control ;

Protective clothing (laboratory coats)

Hand/eye protection

Equipment safety

General laboratory organization

First-aid kit

Collecting the wastes

Secure any dangling jewelry, restrain loose clothing, and tie back long hair that might

get caught in equipment before starting work.

Food and drink should not be consumed in the lab.

Do not store food and drinks in laboratory refrigerators.

Image [19]

Avoid working alone in the lab. If you must work alone, make someone (such as a

supervisor) aware of your location.

Wash your hands frequently throughout the day and before leaving the lab.

Do not wear lab coats, gloves, or other personal protective clothing outside of lab

areas. This clothing may have become contaminated and you could spread the

contamination.

Cell phones and use of music headphones should be avoided while working in the lab.

They can be distracting and thereby increase the potential for an accident to occur.

They can also become contaminated if handled while working with hazardous

materials. [16]

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is a document that contains information on the

potential hazards (health, fire, reactivity and environmental) and how to work safely with the

chemical product. It is an essential starting point for the development of a complete health and

safety program. It also contains information on the use, storage, handling and emergency

procedures all related to the hazards of the material. The MSDS contains much more

information about the material than the label. MSDSs are prepared by the supplier or

manufacturer of the material. It is intended to tell what the hazards of the product are, how to

use the product safely, what to expect if the recommendations are not followed, what to do if

accidents occur, how to recognize symptoms of overexposure, and what to do if such

incidents occur.

It is explained what the material safety data sheet (MSDS) is.

I have learnt the importance of MSDS for the laboratory safety and

health.

Informations on the MSDS

1. Product Information: product identifier (name), manufacturer and suppliers names,

addresses, and emergency phone numbers

2. Hazardous Ingredients

3. Physical Data

4. Fire or Explosion Hazard Data

5. Reactivity Data: information on the chemical instability of a product and the substances it

may react with

6. Toxicological Properties: health effects

7. Preventive Measures

8. First Aid Measures

9. Preparation Information: who is responsible for preparation and date of preparation of

MSDS

[17]

HAZARDOUS WASTE

Hazardous waste is waste that is dangerous or potentially harmful to our health or the

environment. Hazardous wastes can be liquids, solids, gases, or sludges. They can be

discarded commercial products, like cleaning fluids or pesticides, or the by-products of

manufacturing processes.

Definition of Solid Waste (DSW) : Before a material can be classified as a

hazardous waste, it must first be a solid waste as defined under RCRA (Resource

Conservation and Recovery Act).

Types of Hazardous Waste: Hazardous waste are divided

into listed wastes, characteristic wastes, universal wastes, and mixed wastes. Specific

procedures determine how waste is identified, classified, listed, and delisted.

I was informed about the hazardous waste management.

I have attended a training about the hazardous waste

transportation.

Generators: Hazardous waste generators are divided into categories based on the

amount of waste they produce each month. Different regulations apply to each

generator category.

Transporters: Hazardous waste transporters move waste from one site to another by

highway, rail, water, or air.

Treatment, Storage, and Disposal (TSD): Requirements for TSD facilities govern

the treatment, storage and disposal of hazadous waste, including land disposal,

the permitting process and requirements for TSD facilities.

[18]

A waste can be hazardous if it is;

Radioactive

Infectious

Bioaccumulative

Ignitable

Irritating

Sensitizing

Flammable

Reactive

Explosive

Corrosive

Classifications and Signs of Hazardous Wastes

Explosive

Image [20]

Oxidizing

Image [21]

A highly flammable

Image [22]

Flammable

Image [23]

Irritant

Image [24]

Harmful

Image [25]

Toxic

Image [26]

Carcinogenic

Image [27]

Corrosive

Image [28]

Infectious

Image [29]

[19]

CONCLUSION

My training is so efficiently. Because the theme of the training is occupational health

and safety and the company has production plant and wastewater treatment plant. Therefore,

I had so many informations about the process of occupational health and safety controls.

Main points I got during the training ;

I have learnt in the training what the workplace hazards, their types and warning

signs are.

I have learnt what the occupational health & safety and its control are.

I have learnt who the occupational health & safety specialists are and what they do.

It is explained how to become an occupational health and safety specialist in

Turkey.

I have learnt what the occupational health & safety standards and how it is

controlled.

I have attended a training about the energy management - ISO 50001 standards.

I have learnt what risk analysis and risk analysis methods.

I have attended an internal control for the laboratories of the company.

It is explained what the material safety data sheet (MSDS) is.

I was informed about the hazardous waste management.

…and as a result of the training ;

REFERENCES

1. http://www.organik.com.tr/en/segment/1/about-organik-kimya

2. http://www.organik.com.tr/en/segment/2/our-key-assets

3. http://www.organik.com.tr/en/segment/3/our-vision-mission

4. http://www.organik.com.tr/en/segment/5/total-quality-and-iso-9001

5. http://www.organik.com.tr/en/segment/15/sustainability

6. http://www.takeonestep.org/pages/yoursafety/safenotsorry/workplacehazards.asp

x#L1

7. http://www.safeatwork.org.au/about-us/what-ohs

8. http://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/occupational-health-and-safety-specialists.htm

9. http://www.isguvenligiuzmaniyiz.com/is-guvenligi-uzmani-nasil-olunur

10. http://www.acsregistrars.com/ohsas-18001

11. http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards.htm

12. http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/management-standards/iso14000.htm

13. http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/management-standards/iso50001.htm

14. http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/hsprograms/risk_assessment.html

15. http://www2.iaapa.org/expos/eas/2012/education/documents/2012EASSafetyForu

mRiskAssessmentRideDesignHarKupers.pdf

16. http://www.utexas.edu/safety/ehs/lab/manual/4_guidelines.html

17. http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/legisl/msdss.html

18. http://www.epa.gov/waste/hazard/

19. http://mebig.marmara.edu.tr/Enve430/Lecture1.pdf