Organic Functional Groups

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Cyclic Compounds

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Naming Compounds With Functional Groups

Various functional groups have unique suffixes that designate the functional group. The functional group takes precedence in numbering the carbon chain. Branches to the carbon chain are named in the usual manner.

alcohols “ol” Amides “amide”

Aldehydes “al” Amines “amine” or amino as a prefix

Ketones “one” Ethers Ethoxy as prefix

Acids “oic” halohydrocarbons Fluoro, bromo, chloro or iodo

Esters “oate”4

AlcoholsSuffix = “ol”1- Propanol

2- Propanol

2-methyl-2-propanol

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Suffix = “al” Propanal

Note that the aldeyhde group is always on an end carbon or carbon 1

Aldehydes / Alkanals

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Suffix = “one”Propanone(also known as acetone)

Butanone(also known as methyl ethyl ketone)

2-Pentanone(note the number is necessary Because the C=O could be on carbon 2 or carbon 3)

Ketones or Alkanones

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Suffix = “oic”Butanoic acid

Note that the acid group (called a “carboxyl”) is always on an end carbon or carbon 1

Carboxylic Acids

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EstersSuffix = “oate”Ethyl butanoate

Butyl ethanoate

There are two branches. The branch with the carbonyl gets the suffix

Esters

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Suffix = “amide”butanamide

Amides

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As a Linkage:

Suffix = “amine”Or prefix = “amino”

Propylamine or 1-aminopropane

2-propylamine or 2-aminopropane

2-methyl-2-propylamine or

2-methyl -2- aminopropane

Amines

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prefixes = “fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo”

1-bromopropane

2 chlorobutane

1,2 diiodoethane

Cis 1,2difluroethene

Trans 1,2 difluoroethene

1,1,2 trifluorothene

Halohydrocarbons

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Ethers

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Nitriles

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Nitriles have a cyanide group. The name is based on the longest carbon chain that includes the carbon atom in the nitrile group.

Aromatic Compounds With Functional Groups

Benzoic acid

2 hydroxybenzoic acid

3 bromobenzoic acid

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Cyclic Compounds

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