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10/14/2012 1 Organic aerosol factor analysis of long term ACSM data Qi Zhang 1 , Caroline Parworth 1 , Jerome Fast 2 , Tim Shippert 2 , Chitra Sivaraman 2 , Fan Mei 3 , and Alison Tilp 3 1 University of California Davis 2 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 3 Brookhaven National Laboratory Contact: [email protected] 1 Funding: DEFG0211ER65293 Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 Nitrate Equivalent Mass Concentration (μg m -3 ) 14 120 100 80 60 40 20 m/z (Daltons) Ammonium 4.8 ug/m3 Nitrate 5.8 Sulphate 9.4 Organics 13.4 Chloride 0.15 Mexico City 2/2002 Long term, continuous measurements Time resolution: 15 – 30 min D. L. (gm 3 ) for 30 min averaging: org = 0.15, sulfate = 0.024, nitrate = 0.012, ammonium = 0.28, chloride = 0.011 Organic MS: unit mass resolution, 10 – 150 amu 3 systems at DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) sites The Southern Great Plains (SGP), Oklahoma Tropical Western Pacific in Darwin, Australia MAOS mobile facility

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Page 1: Organic aerosol factor analysis of long term ACSM datacires.colorado.edu/jimenez-group/UsrMtgs/UsersMtg... · 10/14/2012  · ACSM Data: Intercomparisons (New York City) 6 50 40 30

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1

Organic aerosol factor analysis of long term ACSM data

Qi Zhang1, Caroline Parworth1, Jerome Fast2, Tim Shippert2, Chitra Sivaraman2, Fan Mei3, and Alison Tilp3

1University of California ‐ Davis2Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

3Brookhaven National Laboratory

Contact: [email protected]

1Funding: DE‐FG02‐11ER65293

Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) 3 . 0

2 . 5

2 . 0

1 . 5

1 . 0

0 . 5

0 . 0

Nitr

ate

Eq

uiva

lent

Mas

s C

onc

ent

ratio

n (µ

g m

-3)

1 41 2 01 0 08 06 04 02 0m /z ( D a lt o n s )

A m m o n iu m 4 .8 u g /m 3N it ra te 5 . 8S u lp h a te 9 . 4O rg a n ic s 1 3 . 4C h lo r i d e 0 . 1 5

M e x ic o C i ty 2 /2 0 0 2

• Long term, continuous measurements• Time resolution: 15 – 30 min• D. L. (g m‐3) for 30 min averaging: org = 0.15, sulfate = 0.024, 

nitrate = 0.012, ammonium = 0.28, chloride = 0.011• Organic MS: unit mass resolution, 10 – 150 amu• 3 systems at DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) sites

• The Southern Great Plains (SGP), Oklahoma• Tropical Western Pacific in Darwin, Australia• MAOS mobile facility

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2

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

050

100150

200250

23:20:00 23:30:00

23:40:00 23:50:00

00:00:00 00:10:00

00:20:00

Sig

na

l Int

ensi

ty

m/zSampling time

t0t1t2

t3......

All observations

ORGt×i

msmeasured= ca∙ msa + cb∙ msb + cc∙ msc + …

Multivariate

 analysis

A limited number of OA Factors

Organic Factor Analysis of OA Spectra

Multivariate analysis methods:

• Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF)

• Multilinear Engine (ME‐2)

• Tracer‐based mutilinear decomposition

• Spectra‐based linear decomposition (CMB‐style) …

OA factor data derived from AMS and ACSM field data are useful for model validation.

Products:• Factors: HOA, OOA (SV‐, LV‐), BBOA, … • Time‐resolved concentration time series of OA factors (OAi); (OAi)  ≈ Organics

• Mass spectra of OA factors that bear some information of their chemical properties, e.g., f44  O/C

Organic Factor Analysis of OA Spectra

Page 3: Organic aerosol factor analysis of long term ACSM datacires.colorado.edu/jimenez-group/UsrMtgs/UsersMtg... · 10/14/2012  · ACSM Data: Intercomparisons (New York City) 6 50 40 30

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3

Ng, N. L. et al. (2011), An Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) for routine monitoring of the composition and mass concentrations of ambient aerosol, Aerosol Science and Technology, 45(7), 770‐784, 10.1080/02786826.2011.560211

ACSM Data: Intercomparisons (New York City)

6

50

40

30

20

10

0

AM

S S

peci

es (

µg/

m3 )

7/6/11 7/10/11 7/14/11 7/18/11 7/22/11 7/26/11 7/30/11 8/3/11 8/7/11 8/11/11 8/15/11

Date&Time (EDT)

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

4

3

2

1

0

12

8

4

0

30

20

10

0

AC

SM

Specie

s (µg/m

3)

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

4

3

2

1

0

12

8

4

0

30

20

10

0

20

15

10

5

0

Org SO42-

NH4+ NO3

- Total

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)50403020100

Tot

al

35302520151050ACSM Species (µg/m

3)

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

NO

3

2.01.51.00.50.0

4

32

10

NH

4

43210

16

12

8

4

0

SO

4

121086420

30

20

10

0

20151050

7/21/2011

8/10/2011Date

AM

S S

peci

es (

µg/

m3 )

Org

anic

s

(a')

(b')

(c')

(d')

(e')r2 = 0.922

Slope = 1.507 ± 0.008

r2 = 0.860

Slope = 0.678 ± 0.006

r2 = 0.876

Slope = 1.11 ± 0.008

r2 = 0.930

Slope = 1.367 ± 0.01

r2 = 0.920

Slope = 1.701 ± 0.009

ACSM Data: Intercomparisons (Long Island, NY)

S. Zhou,  Q. Zhang, M. Fan et al. 

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4

7

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

7/6/11 7/10/11 7/14/11 7/18/11 7/22/11 7/26/11 7/30/11 8/3/11 8/7/11 8/11/11 8/15/11

Date&Time (EDT)

10

8

6

4

2

0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

20

10

0

-10

-20

x10-3

1.2

0.8

0.4

0.0

12

8

4

0

4

3

2

1

0

0.4

0.2

0.0

-0.2

AM

S S

peci

es (

µg

/m3 ) P

ILS

Sp

ecies (µ

g/m

3)

(a) Chloride

(b) SO4

(c) NH4

(d) NO30.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

NO

3

1.20.80.40.0

PILS Species (µg/m3)

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

NH

4

43210

1086420

SO

4

121086420

20

10

0

-10

x10-3

0.50.40.30.20.10.0

AM

S S

peci

es (

µg/

m3)

7/21/2011

8/10/2011Date

Chl

orid

e

(a')

(b')

(c')

(d')r2 = 0.467

Slope = 0.401 ± 0.014

r2 = 0.911

Slope = 0.955 ± 0.009

r2 = 0.800

Slope = 0.743 ± 0.009

r2 = 0.162

Slope = 0.05 ± 0.006

HR‐TOF‐AMS vs. PILS, Long Island, NY

S. Zhou,  Q. Zhang, M. Fan et al. 

Oklahoma Gas and Electric Company‐Coal‐fired power station

ARM SGP Site

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9

ARM ACSM Data Processing Flow Chart

1 year SGP ACSM Data

Page 6: Organic aerosol factor analysis of long term ACSM datacires.colorado.edu/jimenez-group/UsrMtgs/UsersMtg... · 10/14/2012  · ACSM Data: Intercomparisons (New York City) 6 50 40 30

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SGP ACSM Data Sanity Check

SGP ACSM Data Sanity Check

Page 7: Organic aerosol factor analysis of long term ACSM datacires.colorado.edu/jimenez-group/UsrMtgs/UsersMtg... · 10/14/2012  · ACSM Data: Intercomparisons (New York City) 6 50 40 30

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SGP ACSM Data Sanity Check

SGP ACSM Data Sanity Check

Page 8: Organic aerosol factor analysis of long term ACSM datacires.colorado.edu/jimenez-group/UsrMtgs/UsersMtg... · 10/14/2012  · ACSM Data: Intercomparisons (New York City) 6 50 40 30

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SGP ACSM Data Sanity Check

Basic PMF Reminder

Assumption: the ACMS organic aerosol data matrix represents the linearcombination of OA factors with constant profiles that havevarying contributions across the dataset.

• One may choose # of factors (P) base on evaluating Q vs. P• # of factors extractable determined by chemical and temporal

resolution.

Ulbrich et al., 2009

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Proposed Outline for PMF Analysis

• Obtain background information about site and surrounding areas– Emission sources– Wind and meteorological patterns

• Characterize existing data– Determine uncertainty associated with data– Average MS– Time series of species– Contributions of each species to entire mass loading

• Prep data for PMF analysis– Determine best pretreatment steps

• Perform PMF on prepared data

Error Pretreatment

18

• Goal 1: Compare removal of noisy m/z with down‐weighing of m/z– Determined that down‐weighing noisy m/z by factor of 10 is more preferable than deleting these m/z

• Goal 2: What S/N criteria should be used when down‐weighing m/z– Eg: Down‐weigh m/z that have S/N < 0.1 by factor of 10 vs down‐weigh m/z with S/N < 0.2 by factor of 10 

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Error Pretreatment: Objective 1

Removal of noisy m/z

Down‐weighing of noisy m/z

vs

S/N<0.1 S/N<0.2 S/N<0.3 S/N<0.4 S/N<0.5

vs

Down‐weigh m/z with S/N<0.2 by factor 10 

&Down‐weigh m/z with 

0.2<S/N<2.0 by factor of 2

Criteria:• S/N < 0.2 down‐weighted by 

factor of 10 (bad m/z)

• 0.2 < S/N < 2 down‐weighted by factor of 2 (weak m/z)

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Evaluation and selection of PMF solutions

21

Zhang, Q., J. L. Jimenez, M. Canagaratna, N. L. Ng, I. Ulbrich, D. Worsnop, and Y. L. Sun (2011), Understanding Organic Aerosols via Factor Analysis of Aerosol Mass Spectrometry: a Review, Analytical and BioanalyticalChemistry, 401, 3045‐3067, DOI 3010.1007/s00216‐00011‐05355‐y, 

22

1. Apply minimum error of 5E‐3 to ORGerr

2. Remove spikes in ORG and ORGerr, spike threshold set by v_spike_thr

3. Down‐weigh m/z associated with m/z 44 by a factor of 2, includes m/z 16, 17, 18 and 44

4.Down‐weigh m/z in ListofBadAmus (mean S/N < 0.2) by factor of 10

5.Down‐weigh m/z in ListofWeakAmus (mean 0.2<S/N<2) by factor of 2

6.Down‐weigh m/z in ListofSmallError (10th percentile S/N < ‐2) by factor of 5

7.Remove all NaNs in data and error matrices

Data Pretreatment Steps

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23

Rolling Window Analysis

24

Calculation of Q/Qexp and Residuals