OR, HEY, YOU MEAN EVERYBODY’S NOT CATHOLIC?!

Chapter 7 The Vanishing Dream of Catholic Christendom

Vocabulary you should know

1. “High Middle Ages”2. Christendom3. Interdict4. Koran – Quran5. Cruzada6. Jihad7. Albigensians8. Mendicant9. Friars10. Papal Bull11. “Babylonian Captivity”

1. 1150 – 1350 (more later)2. Church dominates all

culture3. Punishment

(excommunication, forbidden sacraments etc.) until reconciliation

4. Muslim Holy Book5. Spanish for Crusade6. Arabic for Holy War7. More later8. More later9. More later10. An official document

sealed with red wax seal11. More later

People You Should Know

Pope Innocent III Spread the idea of universal Christendom Strong political ruler Saw himself as “king” – secular as well as church Papal States became political power The church was supreme in spiritual matters and could tell

any government what to do in those mattersKing John – England

Got Innocent III mad at him because he installed who he wanted as Archbishop of Canterbury

Got himself excommunicated and his priests and bishops banned from administering the sacraments

Otto IV – German – excommunicated after invading Sicily

Phillip II – France – divorce people sided with pope against king

Francesco Bernardone

Francis of Assisi Founded the Franciscan’s –

order of friars Valued peace Valued poverty as Christ lived it Franciscans successful at

converting Albigensians heretics to the orthodox church

At one time Franciscans participated in Inquisition

Franciscan friars granted custody of Christian places in the Holy Land

Friars vs. monks = 3 vows – poverty, chastity and obedience

Mendicant vs. monastic = stability or not

Preach the Gospel if necessary use Words…

Dominic Guzman

St. Dominic Founder of the

Dominicans – order of Friars

“Order of Preachers” Dominicans highly

intellectual and staffed many of the universities

Dominican Friars became key players in the Inquisition

Dominic had a mystical experience in which Mary gave him the Rosary

"Arm yourself with prayer rather than a sword;

wear humility rather than fine clothes."

Key Concepts

Christendom The view that the whole world id Christian or

should be Church surprised and humbled by presence of Muslim

religion and its power is crusades

The Golden Age – 1050 – 1350 Well organized papacy Gothic cathedrals built Monasticism grows Mendicant orders founded Intellectualism is born Great writings of those like Thomas Aquinas – Suma

Theologica

Key Concepts cont.

Pope/King Innocent III

Very powerful People in every known area of the Western Church

supported him

The Crusades Put down the Muslim threat 9 (10) in all Your notes from the Green Book cover more of this… Kingdom of Heaven

CrusadeDates of Crusade

Crusades Timeline of Events

First Crusade 1096 - 1099

The People's Crusade - Freeing the Holy Lands. 1st Crusade led by Count Raymond IV of Toulouse and proclaimed by many wandering preachers, notably Peter the Hermit

Second Crusade 1144 -1155Crusaders prepared to attack Damascus. 2nd crusade led by Holy Roman Emperor Conrad III and by King Louis VII of France

Third Crusade 1187 -1192

3rd Crusade led by Richard the Lionheart of England, Philip II of France, and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I. Richard I made a truce with Saladin

Fourth Crusade 1202 -12044th Crusade led by Fulk of Neuil French/Flemish advanced on Constantinople

The Children's Crusade 1212The Children's Crusade led by a French peasant boy, Stephen of Cloyes

Fifth Crusade 1217 - 1221The 5th Crusade led by King Andrew II of Hungary, Duke Leopold VI of Austria, John of Brienne

Sixth Crusade 1228 - 1229The 6th Crusade led by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II

Seventh Crusade 1248 - 1254 The 7th Crusade led by Louis IX of FranceEighth Crusade 1270 The 8th Crusade led by Louis IX

Ninth Crusade 1271 - 1272The 9th Crusade led by Prince Edward (later

Edward I of England)

http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/crusades-timeline.htm

Key Concepts cont.

Results of the Crusades Idea of universal Christendom vanishes Muslims are a people and they are here to stay Pope looses political power Muslims have as strong a faith as Christians People demanded that the church return to Gospel

values – early Church became the model

Key Concepts cont.

Pope Boniface VIII – learned that nationalism was stronger than the Church’s reach Wrote a papal bull saying Popes are supreme over kings Edward I and Philip IV – wanted control over Church Unam Sanctum – anyone who disobeys the Pope they go

to Hell!!! The “Babylonian Captivity”

After Boniface died Philip IV got a French man elected Pope – Pope Clement V – then he moved the Papacy from Rome to Avignon, France where it remained for 86 years

This is the start of the great Western Schism

Key Concepts cont.

Albigensians Albi France Contemptuous of the

Papacy Fanatical group based

on Gnosticism Jesus not really human

(angel with secret knowledge) Condemned the clergy

for wealth Group marriage Rejected the

sacraments

Solution “Make war on them!”

Crusades over, now crusade against heretics

Count Simon de Montfort took up the charge of ridding the Church of the Albigensians – called the “Cathar Crusade”

Converted many back to the faith

Birth of the Inquisition