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Huge Tea Waste generation of 12.59 million kg can pave the way to support
North-East India power generation.
Most of the tea factories do not obey the rules of Tea Board of India
regarding the disposal of tea waste. Every tea factory produces a large
amount of tea waste but in spite of their use in positive way they are found
dumped in tea factory premises.
Experimental investigation shows that the optimum
temperature for maximizing the liquid yield using tea
factory wastes was 775 K.
Opportunity for Large Scale Grid Integration for Renewable Energy in the North-East India
Barun Kumar*, Dr. BK Choudhury**, Monojit Chowdhury***
*Student MBA-Public Systems (Specialization Energy Management), IISWBM Kolkata
**Professor-Energy Management & Head-Department of Public Systems, IISWBM Kolkata
***Grade A officer, IOCL Assam
The global energy system is primarily driven by Sun, the most significant
renewable energy (RE) source to our planet earth, the modern civilization
seems to be awaking up to re-link the economy to renewable sources after the
momentary acceleration cause by rampant use of fossil fuels is seen be
threatened along with its extinction in near future.
India’s global commitment for INDC (INDIA’S INTENDED NATIONALLY
DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION) in the Paris CoP of installing 175 GW RE
capacity within 2022 is now in the solid foundation of defined path for
achievement by the Government of India.
MOTIVATION
POWER SCENARIO IN NORTH-EAST INDIA
The actual energy requirement, energy availability, peak demand and peak
demand met in North Eastern Region during 2015-16 was lower than
anticipated by 7.7%, 1.4%, 2.9% and 7% respectively. The actual energy
shortage in the Region was 5.2% compared to forecast shortage of 11.3%.
The increasing trend in energy demand and peak power demand for different
months as depicted above signifies the need of grid integration of renewable
energy systems.
Per capita energy consumption is one of the key index to measure the
quality of Human Development, the national standard of 1010 kWh was too
far from North East Indian Consumption.
14 million to migrate from northeast by 2021 in search of jobs as demand
fails to meet supply: Source, Times of India, 24th Jan 2012 (Naresh Mitra).
Low per capita electricity consumption indicates less industrial
development, this results in lack of employment opportunities and may be
one of major reason for these migrations.
According to an NSDC (National Skill Development Council) study on
development and employment generation potential of northeastern states,
between 2011 and 2021, the region will have only 2.6 million more jobs.
As opposed to the low demand, there will be a supply of 17 million people in
2011-2022, an excess of 14 million job seekers.
NITI AAYOG set a target of achieving per capita electricity consumption of up
to 2911-2924 kWh in 2040, along with reduction in emissions intensity: 45% -
53% by 2030 from 2005 levels.
Thus opportunity for renewable sector both in terms of fulfilling power
requirements and in job creation.
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1038
12861180.88
1308.2 1297 1279 1311
1164 1141 1175 1110.52 1197
960
10861115.27
1240.2 1221 1224 1252
1141 1110 1135.8 1087.041163
-78 -200 -65.61 -68 -76 -55 -59 -23 -31 -39.2 -23.48 -34
Month-wise power supply position of
NERLDC during the year 2015-16
(in terms of ENERGY)
Requirement (MU) Availability (MU) Surplus(+)/Deficit(-) (MU)
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
2220
25732356
2520 2437 2442 2401 2372 2355 2367 2401 2442
21142185 2190
2356 2283 2255 2301 2352 2320 2332 2328 2367
-106 -388 -166 -164 -154 -187 -100 -20 -35 -35 -73 -75
Month-wise power supply position of
NERLDC during the year 2015-16
(in terms of PEAK DEMAND)
Peak Demand (MW) Peak Availability (MW) Surplus(+)/Deficit(-) (MW)
48
-254
12 52 22 570
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Arunachal
Pradesh
Assam Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Tripura
State wise Peak power Demand anticipated (2016-17)
Requirement in MW Availability in MW Surplus/Deficit (MW)
-74
-2,082
-37 -150 56 -127
1,073
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
Arunachal
Pradesh
Assam Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Tripura
State wise Energy Demand anticipated (2016-17)
Requirement in MU Availability in MU Surplus(+)/Deficit(-) (MU)
RENEWABLE POTENTIAL AND RECENT INSTALLATIONS
TEA WASTE
BIOMASS FUEL
BIO-GAS
3.5-5.0 MJ/m3
BIO-OIL
29.59 MJ/kg
CHAR
HYBRID SYSTEMS PROPOSED
Tea per
100kg
Tea Waste
2 kg
PYROLYSIS
BIO-FUEL
Generation
ASSAM produces 629.05 million kg of TEA per year(INDIA BRAND EQUITY FOUNDATION,TEA STATISTICS 2013-14)
Thus Tea Waste of about 12.59 million kg
CONNECTED IN HYBRID CONFIGURATION TO AVOID INTERMITTENT BEHVIOUR OF SOLAR PV SYSTEMS (a)
CONSUMED IN INTERNAL PROCESSES INVOLVED IN TEA INDUSTRY,REDUCING SPECIFIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION , LEAST POWER TO BE DRAWN FROM EXISTING GRID (b)
Biomass
sample
Operating
Temperature
Char Yields
(Wt%)
Liquid Yields
(Wt%)
Gas Yields
(Wt%)
Tea
factory
waste
775 K
925 K
975 K
1025 K
33.5
32.8
31.4
30.0
28.9
25.4
26.1
26.3
37.6
41.8
42.5
43.7Deposition of tea waster in different places of
tea factories: (A) Inside factory shade (B) waste warehouse (C) processing center
EXPLORING TEA WASTE POTENTIAL
BIO-GAS Generator sets are available up to efficiency of 45% and 90% for
electrical energy generation and thermal energy generation respectively.
a)
b)USING HEAT IN TEA
PROCESSING
BIO-GAS
GRID CONNECTED HYBRID
SYSTEM
REFRENCES
1) LOAD GENERATION BALANCE REPORT 2016-17(CEA)
2) Global Solar Atlas
3) Tea Waste Management: A Case Study from West Bengal, India Article in Indian
Journal of Science and Technology · November 2016
4) Energy and Byproducts Recovery from Tea Waste, M. Nagaraja
International Journal of Electrical Energy, Vol.1, No.1, March 2013
1
2
3
4
5
6
www.iiswbm.edu
Possibility of having Cogeneration plant
SMALL HYDRO
PROJECT
WIND TURBINE
BIO-GAS
NORTH EASTERN
INDIAN STATES CITY LAT_LONG
GTI
(kWh/m2
per year)
PVOUT
(kWh/kWp
per year)
ARUNACHAL
PRADESH Itanagar 27°32'24", 93°48'36" 1543 1253
ASSAM Guwahati 26°10'00", 91°46'00" 1763 1367
MANIPUR Imphal 24°52'35", 93°54'40" 1875 1478
MEGHALAYA Shillong 25°34'28", 91°52'44" 1736 1401
MIZORAM Aizawl 23°44'00", 92°43'00" 1889 1478
NAGALAND Kohima 25°40'00", 94°07'10" 1620 1296
TRIPURA Agartala 23°50'00", 91°16'00" 1789 1385
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Arunachal
Pradesh
Assam Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Sikkim Tripura
NORTH-EAST REGION ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION
State wise per-Capita (kWh)
National Per-capita (1010 kWh)
NITI AAYOG target Per-capita for year 2040 (2911 kWh)
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
Da
dra
& N
ag
ar…
Da
ma
n &
Diu
Go
a
Gu
jara
t
Ch
ha
ttis
ga
rh
Ma
ha
rash
tra
Ma
dh
ya
Pra
de
sh
Pu
du
ch
err
y
Tam
il N
ad
u
An
dh
ra P
rad
esh
Tela
ng
an
a
Ka
rna
tak
a
Ke
rala
Lak
sha
dw
ee
p
Pu
nja
b
Ha
rya
na
De
lhi
Him
ac
ha
l Pra
de
sh
Utt
ara
kh
an
d
Ch
an
dig
arh
Ja
mm
u &
Ka
shm
ir
Ra
jast
ha
n
Utt
ar
Pra
de
sh
Od
ish
a
Sik
kim
Jh
ark
ha
nd
We
st B
en
ga
l
An
da
ma
n &
…
Bih
ar
Aru
na
ch
al Pra
de
sh
Me
gh
ala
ya
Miz
ora
m
Na
ga
lan
d
Trip
ura
Ass
am
Ma
nip
ur
Per-Capita Electricity Consumption (2014-15)
State wise Consumption (kWh) National Consumption (1010 kWh)
STATE WISE NUMBERS AND AGGREGATE CAPACITY OF SHP
PROJECTS(UPTO 25 MW) in NE Region
Potential Projects Installed Projects under
Implementation
Sl.No.
State Nos.
Total
Capacity
(MW)
Nos. Capacity
(MW)Nos.
Capacity
(MW)
1Arunachal
Pradesh677 1341.38 152 104.605 17 54.05
2Assam 119 238.69 6 34.11 5 12
3Manipur 114 109.13 8 5.45 0 0
4Meghalaya 97 230.05 4 31.03 2 25.5
5Mizoram 72 168.9 19 41.47 4 8.7
6Nagaland 99 196.98 12 30.67 8 3.75
7 Tripura 88 266.64 17 52.11 0 15
8Sikkim 13 46.86 3 16.01 2 0
State-wise Solar Energy Potential vs. Installed Solar
Capacity(MNRE)
NE Region as on 31.12.2016
Sr. No. State/UT Solar Potential
(GWp) #
Installed Capacity
(MW) as on
31.12.2016
1Arunachal
Pradesh 9 0.27
2 Assam 14 11.18
3 Manipur 11 0.01
4 Meghalaya 6 0.01
5 Mizoram 9 0.1
6 Nagaland 7 0.5
7 Sikkim 5 0.01
8 Tripura 2 5.02
TOTAL 43 17.1
Cumulative Installed Capacity of Small Wind Energy Hybrid
Systems
in NE Region
Sl. No. Name of State Cumulative Installed Capacity upto 31.12.2016
1 Assam 5380
2 Meghalaya 0
3 Mizoram 270
4 Nagaland 0
5 Sikkim 130
6 Tripura 120
7 Arunachal Pradesh 0
Total 590