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Prepared by:
Marietta Agustin-Teaño
Rizal Professor
Ophthalmic Surgeon in
Hong Kong
After the publication of El Fili, Rizal left Europe for Hongkong, where he lived from November, 1891 to June, 1892
He left Europe for 2 reasons:
1. political differences with M.H. del Pilar
2. to be near the Philippines and his family
Rizal also opened a medical clinic
Rizal received sad news from Manuel T. Hidalgo that 25 persons including some family members were deported to Dapitan
Ophthalmic Surgeon in Hong Kong
Family Reunion in Hong Kong
Before Christmas of 1891, his father, brother and Silvestre Ubaldo arrived in Hong Kong
His mother, and sistersLucia, Josefa and Trinidad also arrived
The Christmas of 1891 in Hong Kong was the happiest Yuletide celebrations in Rizal’s life
Ophthalmic Surgeon in Hong Kong
Rizal became a successful and well-known medical practitioner in the British colony
A Portuguese physician Dr. Lorenzo P. Marquez, became his friend helped him build a wide clientele
Rizal was also a general practitioner
Some of his friends in Europe gave him moral and substantial aid in his medical practice
Had Rizal devoted his lifetime to the practice of medicine he would have become one of Asia’s most eminent ophthalmologist
Borneo colonization Project
Rizal conceived the establishment of a Filipino colony in North Borneo
He planned to move the landless Filipino families to the rich British-owned island
The British authorities of Borneo were willing to give the Filipinos 100,000 acres of land, free of charge
Most of Rizal’s friends in Europe enthusiastically endorsed this project
Manuel T. Hidalgo obejcted to this idea
Despujol, the governor general did not approve this project
Rizal’s professional card when in Hongkong.
Writings in Hong Kong
Ang Mga Karapatan ng Tao – tagalog translation of the Rights of Man proclaimed during the French Revolution
A La Nacion Española (1891) – an appeal to Spain to correct the wrongs done to the Calamba tenants
Sa Mga Kababayan (1891) – explaining the Calamba agrarian situation
The Hong Kong Telegraph ( Mr. Frazier Smith) British daily newspaper
where Rizal contributed articles
The newspaper was later on banned in the Philippines
Constitution of La Liga Filipina was considered as the most important
writing of Rizal in Hong Kong
It was printed in 1892, to deceive the Spanish authorities, the printed
copies carried the false information that the printing was done by the
London Printing Press
Writings in Hong Kong
La Liga Filipina
Association of Patriotic Filipinos for civic purposes
This was originally conceived by Jose Ma. Basa
The copies of the La Liga Constitution was sent by Rizal to Domingo Franco, his friend in Manila
Decision to Return to Manila
In May 1892, Rizal made up his mind to return to Manila for the following reasons:
1. to confer with Gov. Gen. Despujol regarding his Borneo colonization project
2. To establish the La Liga Filipina in Manila
3. To prove that Eduardo de Lete was wrong in attacking him, that being comfortable in Hong Kong, had abandoned the country’s cause
Last Hong Kong Letters
June 19, 1892 – he spent his 31st birthday in Hong Kong, he had his premonition of death
The following day, he wrote two letters which he sealed, inscribed on each envelop “to be opened after my death” and gave them to his friend Dr. Lorenzo Marquez for safekeeping
First Letter
The first letter was addressed to his parents, brethren and friends….
………a man ought to die for duty and principles. I hold fast to every idea
which I have advanced as to the condition and future of our country,
and shall willingly die for it, and even more willingly sacrifice all to
secure justice and peace for you……
…….till the last moment of my life I shall be thingking of you and wishing
you all good fortunes and happiness
Second Letter
Addressed to the Filipinos
……….what matters death, if one dies for what one loves, for
native land and beings held dear…..
…......always have I loved our unhappy land, and I am sure that
I shall continue loving it till my last moment, in case men
prove unjust to me. My career, my life, m happiness – all I
have sacrifice for love of it. Whatever my fate, I shall die
blessing it and longing for the dawn of its redemption……….
Rizal falls into Spanish Trap
After Rizal’s departure from Hongkong, the Spanish-
consul general sent a cable telegram to Gov. Despujol,
that the victim is in the trap.
On the same day, June 21, 1892, a case was filed in
Manila against Rizal and his followers “for anti-religious
and anti-patriotic agitation”
Arrival in Manila
June 26, 1892, Rizal with his sister Lucia arrived in Manila
On that night, he had visited Gov. Despujol, after which, he visited his sisters.
The next day, he visited his friends in Central Luzon
His movement was shadowed by government spies
Founding of La Liga Filipina
Doroteo Ongjunco – the home of this Chinese meztizo was
the venue of the meeting held for the purpose of
establishing La Liga
Among those present was Andres Bonifacio
Rizal explained to them the objectives of La Liga as
embodied in the constitution
The Calle Ilaya monument of Rizal and his associates of La Liga Filipina.
Aims of La Liga
1. To unite the whole archipelago into one compact and homogenous body
2. Mutual protection in every want and necessity
3. Defense against all violence and injustice
4. Encouragement of education, agriculture and commerce
5. Study and application of reforms
Rizal arrested and Jailed in Fort Santiago
Pobres Frailes (Poor Friars) – leaflets which were allegedly found in
Lucia’s pillowcases. It was a satire authored by FR. Jacinto against the
rich Dominicans
Rizal denied having those leaflets in either his or Lucia’s baggage
Despite his denial and demand for due process of law, he was arrested
and escorted to Fort Santiago by Ramon Despujol, the nephew of the
gov. general
In Fort Santiago, he was kept incommunicado
Arbitrary Deportation to Dapitan
The Gaceta de Manila published the story of Rizal’s arrest. It also
published the decree of Gov. Despujol deporting Rizal to Dapitan. The
reasons were as follows:
1. Rizal published books and articles which showed disloyalty to Spain,
anti-Catholic and anti-friar
2. Leaflets entitled Pobres Frailes were found in one of their packages
3. his novel El Filibusterismo was dedicated to the three priests
4. The end which he pursues in his efforts and writings is to tear from the
Filipino the treasures of Catholic faith
The End