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PE (HKDSE)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Physical Education
(HKDSE)
Part I: Physical Education, Sport, Recreation, Leisure andWellness: History and Recent Developent
Physical Education Section
!urriculu Developent InstituteEducation "ureau
#he $overnent o% the Hon& Kon& Special 'dinistrative Re&ion
*
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Part I: Physical Education, Sport, Recreation, Leisure
and Wellness: History and Recent Deelop!ent
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'cronys
#D# #urriculu! Deelop!ent #ouncil
#S# #o!!unity Sports #lu$
HKDSE Hon% Kon% Diplo!a o& Secondary Education
HKSI Hon% Kon% Sports Institute Li!ited
I'# International 'ly!pic #o!!ittee
I In&or!ation technolo%y
KLs Key Learnin% reas
L#SD Leisure and #ultural Serices Depart!ent
*S *ational sports associations
'LE-PD 'ther Learnin% E+periences Physical Deelop!ent
PE Physical education
S.'# Sports ederation and 'ly!pic #o!!ittee o& Hon% Kon%, #hina
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Part I: Physical Education, Sport, Recreation, Leisure
and Wellness: History and Recent Deelop!ent
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!ontents
Pa&e
crony!s /
#ontents 0
Learnin% o$1ecties 2
3lossary 4
Essential concepts and theories
5 De&initions and ter!inolo%y //
65 Roles and alues o& physical education, sport, recreation and
leisure
//
#5 Physical education in Hon% Kon% /4
D5 Sport, recreation and leisure in Hon% Kon% /7
Readin% !aterials 04
E+a!ples o& en8uiry actiities 09
Re&erences &or teachers 07
Re&erences &or students 2/
Related e$sites 20
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Part I: Physical Education, Sport, Recreation, Leisure
and Wellness: History and Recent Deelop!ent
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Learnin& o+ectives
his part %ies students a %eneral picture o& the scope o& physical education (PE) and
its relationship ith sport, recreation and leisure5 he ter!inolo%y, essential concepts
and ;noled%e o& its history and recent deelop!ents help students $etter understand
the conte+ts o& PE, sport and recreation, !a;in% the learnin% o& other topics in the PE
curriculu! easier5
E-pected learnin& outcoes: Students .ill +e a+le to
/5 e+plain the roles and alues o& PE, sport, recreation and leisure in daily li&e
ith appropriate e+a!ples<
05 ealuate the i!pact o& the school PE curriculu! on pro!otin% healthy liin%in Hon% Kon%< and
25 !a;e reco!!endations on ho to pro!ote sport, recreation and leisure in
Hon% Kon%5
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and Wellness: History and Recent Deelop!ent
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$lossary
#er Description
/5 ctie and healthy
li&estyle
活躍及健康的
生活模式
ay o& liin% $ased on re%ular physical actiities and a cluster o&related healthy $ehaiours hich leadto health, i%our and itality as ellas sel&-respect and control o& one=sdestiny5
05 #olla$oration s;ills 協作能力Pro$le! solin%, plannin% and
!a;in% decisions in a s!all %roupre8uire colla$oration s;ills, na!ely,the s;ills o& listenin%, appreciation,co!!unication, ne%otiation, !a;in%co!pro!ises, assertin% leadership,!a;in% 1ud%e!ents, as ell asin&luencin% and !otiatin% others5
25 #o!!unication
s;ills
溝通能力#o!!unication is a dyna!ic andon%oin% process in hich to or!ore people interact in order to
achiee a desired outco!e or %oal5When learnin% to co!!unicatee&&ectiely, learners should learn tospea;, listen, read and ritee&&ectiely5 hey should learn toselect the !ost appropriate !eans toconey a !essa%e in accordance iththe purpose and conte+t o& theco!!unication5 hey should useaccurate and releant in&or!ation andor%anise it syste!atically and
coherently &or their audience5 heyshould also ealuate the e&&ectienesso& their co!!unication and identi&yareas o& i!proe!ent &or action5
45 #reatiity 創造力#reatiity has $een de&ined in aariety o& ays5 So!e people de&ineit as an a$ility to produce ori%inalideas and sole pro$le!s hileothers see it as a process, and yetothers ta;e it as co!prisin% certain
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and Wellness: History and Recent Deelop!ent
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$lossary
#er Description
personal 8ualities5
>5 #ritical thin;in%
s;ills
批判性思考能力
#ritical thin;in% is drain% out!eanin% &ro! %ien data orstate!ents5 It is concerned ith theaccuracy o& %ien state!ents5 It ai!sat %eneratin% and ealuatin%ar%u!ents5 #ritical thin;in% is the8uestionin% and en8uiry e en%a%e into 1ud%e hat to $eliee and hat not
to5
95 Ener%y e+penditure 能量消耗he units o& ener%y e+penditure
co!!only used are the ;ilo1oule
(!etric syste!) and the ;ilocalorie
(6ritish syste!)5 he daily ener%y
e+penditure o& an indiidual is
!ainly dependent on the intensity
and duration o& physical actiities5
?5 E+ercise 健身或鍛鍊Physical actiity that is planned,structured and repetitie &or thei!proe!ent or !aintenance o&
physical &itness5
@5 3eneral PE 一般!"#Structured PE lessons hichconstitute >-@A o& total lesson ti!ein $asic education (Pri!ary / toSecondary 2) and at least >A in the
senior secondary curriculu!5 3eneralPE is also re&erred to as 'therLearnin% E+periences - PhysicalDeelop!ent ('LE-PD) at seniorsecondary leel in Hon% Kon%5
75 3eneric s;ills $通能力3eneric s;ills are &unda!ental tohelpin% students learn ho to learn5hey are to $e deeloped throu%hlearnin% and teachin% in the conte+to& di&&erent su$1ects or KLs, and are
trans&era$le to di&&erent learnin%situations5 *ine types o& %eneric
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$lossary
#er Description
s;ills are identi&ied $y the#urriculu! Deelop!ent #ouncil asessential: colla$oration s;ills,co!!unication s;ills, creatiity,critical thin;in% s;ills, in&or!ationtechnolo%y s;ills, nu!eracy s;ills,
pro$le!-solin% s;ills, sel&-!ana%e!ent s;ills and study s;ills5
/"5 Health B
Wellness
健康或
%&'生
ccordin% to the World Health
'r%anisation, health is a state o&co!plete physical, !ental and socialell-$ein% and not !erely thea$sence o& disease or in&ir!ity5 hus,e can interpret Chealth asco!para$le ith Cellness5
//5 In&or!ation
technolo%y (I)
s;ills
()*+,-
能力
I s;ills include the a$ility to use Ito see;, a$sor$, analyse, !ana%e and
present in&or!ation critically andintelli%ently5
/05 Leisure 消.活/n rest&ul actiity in hich oneen%a%es durin% &ree ti!e5
/25 *u!eracy s;ills (0能力 *u!eracy s;ills include the a$ility to per&or! $asic co!putations, to use $asic !athe!atical concepts in practical situations, to !a;ereasona$le esti!ates, to understand%raphs, charts and nu!ericalconcepts in lan%ua%e, to !ana%e data,
to handle !oney and to do stoc;inentories5
/45 'ther Learnin%
E+periences-Physical
Deelop!ent ('LE-
PD)
123456
─ !78
n essential co!ponent thatco!ple!ents the e+a!inationsu$1ects and pplied Learnin% underthe senior secondary curriculu!5hrou%h 'LE-PD, students ill $uildup li&elon% capacities, includin%interests and s;ills, &or leadin% anactie and healthy li&estyle5
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$lossary
#er Description
/>5 Physical actiity 力活/9
能活/9
!活/9
身活/
ny $odily !oe!ent produced $y
the contraction o& the s;eletal
!uscles that increases ener%y
e+penditure a$oe the $aseline leel5
(World Health 'r%anisation, 0""7)
n actiity that inoles physicale+ertion &or e+ercise, recreation orco!petition5 (#urriculu!
Deelop!ent #ouncil, 0""?)
/95 Physical education
(PE)
!he concept o& educatin% studentsthrou%h physical actiities to attainthe o$1ecties o& co%nitiedeelop!ent, a&&ectie deelop!entand psycho!otor deelop!ent(includin% physical s;ills and &itness)5
/?5
Physical &itness ;能
he a$ility to carry out daily tas;s
ith i%our and ithout undue&ati%ue, and ith su&&icient ener%y toen%a%e in leisure-ti!e pursuits and to!eet un&oreseen e!er%encies, andthe itality to per&or! at one=s &ullestcapacity5
/@5 Physical
per&or!ance
!<=he e&&ect o& e+ecutin% physical
s;ills5
/75 Physical s;ills !-能otor actions e+ecuted in unity toachiee a purpose in physicalactiities5 Deelop!ent o& physicals;ills is one o& the si+ strands o& thePE Key Learnin% rea (KL)5
0"5 Pro$le! solin%
s;ills
>?@A能力Pro$le! solin% inoles usin%thin;in% s;ills to resole a di&&iculty5It asse!$les &acts a$out the pro$le!and deter!ines the $est course o&action5
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$lossary
#er Description
0/5 Recreation 康B活/ re&reshin% and diertin% physicalactiity that one en%a%es in &orre&reshin% his B her $ody and !ind5
005 Sel&-!ana%e!ent
s;ills
CDEF能力Learners ho hae !astered sel&-!ana%e!ent s;ills understand theiron &eelin%s and presere theire!otional sta$ility5 hey are positieand proactie toards or;5 hey setappropriate %oals, !a;e plans and
initiate actions to achiee the!5 hey!ana%e ti!e, !oney and otherresources ell5 hey are a$le tohandle stress and toleratea!$i%uities5
025 Sport (/n institutionalised %a!e or ;ind o&
play that is co!petitie in nature5
045 Study s;ills G4能力Study s;ills help i!proe the
e&&ectieness and e&&iciency o&learnin%5
0>5 Falues and attitudes HIJKLMFalues constitute the &oundation o&
the attitudes and $elie&s that in&luence
one=s $ehaiour and ay o& li&e5 hey
help &or! principles underlyin%
hu!an conduct and critical
1ud%e!ent, and are 8ualities that
learners should deelop5 So!e
e+a!ples o& alues are ri%hts and
responsi$ilities, co!!it!ent,
honesty and national identity5 #losely
associated ith alues are attitudes5
he latter supports !otiation and
co%nitie &unctionin%, and a&&ects
one=s ay o& reactin% to eents or
situations5 Since $oth alues and
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$lossary
#er Description
attitudes si%ni&icantly a&&ect the ay
a student learns, they &or! an
i!portant part o& the school
curriculu!5
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Essential !oncepts and #heories
A. De%initions and terinolo&y
Please re&er to the %lossary on pa%es 4 - // &or the de&initions and ter!s used in this
$oo;let5
B. Roles and values o% physical education, sport, recreation and
leisure
i) Personal Developent
Physical actiities help us i!proe &itness and per&or!ance5 hey also help
us iden our horiGons, $oost sel&-con&idence, enhance aesthetic sensitiity
and learn tolerance as ell as appreciation5 Physical actiities inole hi%h
leel o& personal interaction5 #onse8uently, they stren%then our social and
co!!unication s;ills, proide us ith opportunities to or; in tea!s and
!eet challen%es, and e&&ectiely enhance our %eneric s;ills such as
colla$oration s;ills, creatiity and pro$le!-solin% s;ills5
/i& 010 #a2in& part in physical activities
helps students develop colla+oration s2ills,
creativity and pro+le3solvin& s2ills1
/i& 01 Participatin& in co3curricular activities
stren&thens participants4 social and counication
s2ills1
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/i& 015 W67$ Ka3po, a %aous local cyclist, share his vie.s on success, re%lectin& the e%%ects o%
sport on socialisation1
ii) Socialisation
Socialisation re&ers to the process o& &or!in% $ehaiours, s;ills, alues and
personality that are in line ith the social nor!s5 E8uality, &airness and
co!petitieness are ;ey e!phases in physical actiities5 he participants ill realise
that to $e success&ul they !ust $e positie, actie and illin% to contri$ute5 In
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//
What e your vie.s on success8
Success does not necessarily relate to ho !uch ealth you hae ac8uired,
$ut ho hard you stru%%le to realise your drea!5 hat is the spiritual
success5 I consider it !ore i!portant than its !aterial counterpart5 I
thin; the notion o& a success&ul athlete is to-&old5 irst, it re&ers to
his B her outstandin% per&or!ance or a$ilities, such as innin% the
cha!pionships or $rea;in% orld records5 Second, it re&ers to
spiritual success< &or e+a!ple, an in1ured athlete re!ains deter!ined
to co!plete a co!petition5 Such spiritual success echoes hat the
'ly!pic 3a!es and !any people are pro!otin%5 (W'*3 Ka!-po,
66S, H, e+tracted &ro! +e!plars o& School 'ly!pic Education
Pro%ra!!es
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physical actiities, e deelop the concept o& respectin% others5 Physical actiities
and sports proide us ith opportunities to stren%then or e+pand our social netor;s5
iii) International Relationships
any people thin; that sport should not $e inoled in politics5 In reality,
lar%e-scale international sports eents hae $een a plat&or! &or so!e
countries to shocase their poer, create an i!a%e o& %oodill or
leadership, and pro!ote colla$oration ith other countries as ell as !utual
understandin% a!on% peoples &ro! di&&erent parts o& the orld5 International
sports eents are o&ten an aenue &or diplo!atic actiities such as political
ne%otiations, e+pressions o& protest or een threats5
/i& 019 #he "eiin& 6lypic $aes raised &lo+al attention1 It helped !hina +uild a
%riendly ia&e and proote its le&acy .orld.ide1
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!1 Physical education in Hon& Kon&
i) Priary and secondary schoolso achiee the ai! o& hole-person deelop!ent, PE deals ith education throu%h
the physical5 It proides 8uality education throu%h a ariety o& physical actiities
that help educate students to $e responsi$le citiGens and contri$utin% !e!$ers o&
society, the nation and the orld5 here are si+ learnin% stands in PE, na!ely !otor
and physical s;ills, health and &itness, sports-related alues and attitudes, ;noled%e
and practice o& sa&ety, ;noled%e o& !oe!ent and aesthetic sensitiity5 PE
deelops studentsJ physical co!petence, co%nition, creatiity, colla$oration s;ills
and social s;ills, and enhances their physical &itness5 It also i!proes their
con&idence and co!petitieness in sport, and stren%thens their a$ility to use these
attri$utes in per&or!in% a ide ran%e o& physical actiities associated ith the
deelop!ent o& an actie and healthy li&estyle5
$eneral PE curriculu - In $asic education (Pri!ary / to Secondary 2), as ell as
at senior secondary (Secondary 4 to Secondary 9), PE is one o& the KLs and it
constitutes at least >A o& the total lesson ti!e5 here&ore, all students hae to attend
PE lessons5 In addition, they are also encoura%ed to participate actiely and re%ularly
in at least one PE-related co-curricular actiity5 hese essential learnin% e+periences
are re&erred to as C3eneral PE, or C'ther Learnin% E+periences-Physical
Deelop!ent ('LE-PD) at senior secondary5 Table 1.1 and Fig. 1.5 sho the PE
learnin% tar%ets and curriculu! &ra!eor; at $asic education leel in Hon% Kon%5
PE as a su+ect in pu+lic e-ainations s a senior secondary electie su$1ect
leadin% to the Hon% Kon% Diplo!a o& Secondary Education (HKDSE), the PE
Electie is reco%nised as one o& the su$1ects to $e considered &or ad!ission to !ost
under%raduate pro%ra!!es5 It $uilds on the &oundation o& the %eneral PE curriculu!
and adances students= ;noled%e, understandin% and s;ills in PE, sport and
recreation< and is desi%ned to help students deelop a %ood &oundation &or &urther
study in the areas o& science, hu!anities and social sciences5
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Key Learnin&
Sta&e
Learnin& #ar&ets
Key Sta&e 6ne(Priary 0 toPriary 5)
o deelop loco!otor s;ills, sta$ility s;ills and !anipulatie s;ills
throu%h &unda!ental !oe!ent actiities and physical play
o ac8uire $asic ;noled%e a$out &unda!ental !oe!ent and ;no the
health $ene&its o& physical actiities
o $e a$le to e+press onesel& and $e creatie in physical actiities
o deelop positie attitudes toards participation in physical actiities
Key Sta&e #.o(Priary 9 toPriary ;)
o deelop $asic s;ills in at least ei%ht di&&erent physical actiities &ro!
not less than &our areas throu%h introductory actiities and !odi&ied%a!es, and en%a%e re%ularly in at least one PE-related co-curricularactiity
o ac8uire $asic ;noled%e a$out physical actiities and their
contri$ution to health
o co!!unicate e&&ectiely and $e co-operatie ith others
o &ollo rules and re%ulations and de!onstrate &air play
Key Sta&e #hree(Secondary 0 to
Secondary 5)
o ac8uire and apply $asic s;ills in at least ei%ht di&&erent physical
actiities &ro! not less than &our areas hich include %a!es and
co!petitions, and to participate actiely and re%ularly in at least one PE-related co-curricular actiity
o $e a$le to apply theories o& physical actiities and trainin% principles
in a health-related &itness pro%ra!!e
o $e a$le to thin; critically a$out de$atin% issues in PE and sport
o de!onstrate appropriate eti8uette and sports!anship in physical
actiities
Key Sta&e /our(Secondary 9
and a+ove)
o re&ine the s;ills learnt and ac8uire s;ills o& diersi&ied noel
actiities, and participate actiely and re%ularly in at least one PE
related co-curricular actiity o $e a$le to analyse physical !oe!ent and ealuate the e&&ectieness
o& a health-related &itness pro%ra!!e
o $e a$le to apply pro$le!-solin% s;ills hen &acin% pro$le!s in a
PE learnin% conte+t
o ta;e the role o& sports leader or 1unior coach and to de!onstrate
responsi$ility and leadership in school and the co!!unity
o !aintain and trans&er the attri$utes o& perseerance, sports!anship,
the a$ility to &ace di&&iculties, and other personal 8ualities to daily andsocial li&e
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#a+le 010 Physical Education learnin& tar&ets (E-tracted %ro the <Physical Education Key
Learnin& 'rea !urriculu $uide (Priary 03 Secondary 5)=, ()
/i& 01> Physical Education curriculu %rae.or2 (E-tracted %ro the <Physical Education
Key Learnin& 'rea !urriculu $uide (Priary 03 Secondary 5)=, ())
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/i&01; !urriculu re%erence aterials
#eacher ?uali%ications he $oo;let CSa&ety Precautions in Physical Education &or
Hon% Kon% Schools (/777) reco!!ends that:
eachers ithout proper trainin% in the teachin% o& PE should not $e assi%ned to
teach PE5
or so!e actiities carryin% %reater ris;, such as si!!in%, canoein%, sailin%,
tra!polinin%, etc, the PE teacher should possess releant 8uali&ications to teach
these actiities5
!aterin& %or learner diversity Each student is di&&erent in a$ility, !otiation,
needs, interests and potential5 o help students learn $etter, PE teachers nor!ally
adopt the &olloin% strate%ies:
Proide a diersity o& physical actiities to deelop students= potentials5
d1ust the learnin% content or &ocus on particular areas to suit the a$ilities and
!eet the special needs o& students5
3roup students accordin% to their potential and physi8ue to !ini!ise the
di&&erences ithin each %roup, and enhance their !otiation throu%h challen%in%
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tas;s as appropriate5
Pay attention to the students ith health pro$le!s, special needs or hi%h
potential, and o&&er protection and assistance at the ri%ht ti!e5
hrou%h di&&erent interest %roups and school tea!s, proide students ith
potential !ore opportunities to e+cel5
*o!inate students ith potential to receie &urther trainin% o&&ered $y the
Leisure and #ultural Serices Depart!ent and sports %oernin% $odies5
/i&1 01@ 6pen play&round in school /i&1 01 !overed play&round in school
/i&1 01* Pu+lic sports %acilities A sports &round /i&1 010 Pu+lic sports %acilities A s.iin& pool
/acilities and e?uipent - the !a1ority o& schools hae an open play%round ith
$all courts, a coered play%round and a hall5 hey are e8uipped ith $asic e8uip!ent
&or PE or related co-curricular actiities5 Schools !ay apply &or the use o& pu$lic or
co!!unity &acilities, includin% sports %rounds, si!!in% pools, sports centres, hard-
sur&aced recreation %rounds, %rass and arti&icial tur& pitches, tennis courts, s8uash
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courts and so on to conduct PE and related co-curricular actiities5 ost o& these
&acilities are !ana%ed $y the L#SD, the Housin% Depart!ent or priate, re%ional or
district sports associations5
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ii) #ertiary institutions
$eneral PE curriculu ertiary institutions are e8uipped ith arious sports
&acilities and e8uip!ent to encoura%e students to participate in physical actiities
and sport5 So!e institutions een include a %eneral PE curriculu! as a co!pulsory
su$1ect5
PE B sports science pro&raes here hae $een enor!ous deelop!ents in
their PE and Sports Science pro%ra!!es in tertiary institutions in Hon% Kon% since
the early /77"s, and they hae nurtured a nu!$er o& %raduate students in arious
research areas5 s re%ards PE teacher education, all ne PE teacher education
pro%ra!!es hae $een at de%ree leel or a$oe since 0"""5
D1 Sport, recreation and leisure in Hon& Kon&
he 3oern!ent o& the Special d!inistratie Re%ion (SR) o& Hon% Kon% has
enhanced the pro!otion o& sports deelop!ent on all &ronts in recent years5 or
e+a!ple, the Policy ddress o& 0""9-"? states that CIt is the SR 3oern!ent=s
strate%y in sports deelop!ent to pro!ote sports in the co!!unity, to deelop
elite sports, and to !a;e Hon% Kon% a !a1or location &or international sports
eents5 o achiee this ai!, a !ulti-purpose stadiu! co!ple+ &ully e8uipped &or
international eents has $een included in the Southeast Koloon Deelop!ent
Plan5 he 3oern!ent has also ear!ar;ed &undin% to e!$ar; on the
redeelop!ent o& the Hon% Kon% Sports Institute to proide orld-class trainin%
&acilities &or local athletes5 We ill allocate an additional ?" !illion in recurrent
e+penditure to proide co!prehensie support &or our elite athletes and to ena$le
the *ational Sports ssociations to intensi&y their participation in co!!unity
actiities and the School Sports Pro%ra!!e5
he &olloin% or%anisations are responsi$le &or pro!otin% sport, recreation and
leisure in di&&erent aspects:
i) $overnental or&anisations
Sports !oission
he Sports #o!!ission is an adisory $ody under the Ho!e &&airs 6ureau5 It
adises the 3oern!ent on
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the policies, strate%ies and &ra!eor; o& i!ple!entation &or sports deelop!ent<
and
the proision o& &undin% and resources in support o& sports deelop!ent in Hon%
Kon%, ta;in% into account the inputs &ro! arious sta;eholders in sports throu%h
partnership and colla$oration5
he Sports #o!!ission is underpinned $y the &olloin% three su$-co!!ittees that
%ie adice to help deelop and pro!ote sports deelop!ent in Hon% Kon% in arious
aspects:
#he !ounity Sports !oittee %ies adice on ider participation in
sports throu%h closer partnership ith di&&erent sectors o& the co!!unity5
#he Elite Sports !oittee considers !atters pertainin% to hi%h-per&or!ance
sports5
#he Caor Sports Events !oittee consults on strate%ies and initiaties,
throu%h close colla$oration ith sports associations, the touris! industry and the
priate sector, and on &undin% priorities &or !a1or sports eents5
Hoe '%%airs "ureau (H'")
In the &ield o& sport and recreation, the Ho!e &&airs 6ureau (H6) &or!ulates and
coordinates policy and le%islation &or deelopin% recreation and sport in Hon% Kon%5
Its principal o$1ecties are to:
raise the pro&ile o& sport and physical recreation in the co!!unity, e!phasisin%
the lin; $eteen e+ercise, physical &itness and a healthy li&estyle<
coordinate the proision o& hi%h 8uality recreational and sports &acilities<
encoura%e colla$oration a!on% di&&erent sectors o& the co!!unity in &osterin% a
stron% sportin% culture in the co!!unity<
support and &acilitate the i!ple!entation o& initiaties hich help !a;e Hon%
Kon% a !a1or location &or international sports eents<
pro!ote sports e+chan%es ith nei%h$ourin% proincesBcities in the !ainland<
and
raise the standard and the pro&ile o& Hon% Kon% sport internationally5
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Leisure and !ultural Services Departent (L!SD)
he Leisure and #ultural Serices Depart!ent (L#SD) pro!otes co!!unity sports
and ad!inisters &undin% support &or the releant or%anisations under the esta$lished
sports policy5 It deelops and !ana%es a ide ran%e o& sports and recreational
&acilities, includin% sports centres, si!!in% pool co!ple+es, &oot$all pitches,
tennis courts, etc, hich are en1oyed $y the pu$lic &or %eneral recreational use as
ell as $y local sports %oernin% $odies &or trainin% pro%ra!!es and holdin% o&
local and international sports eents5 It also supports and or%anises sports and
recreational pro%ra!!es &or the co!!unity, o&ten in con1unction ith the local
sports %oernin% $odies5
Hon& Kon& Sports Institute Liited
he Hon% Kon% Sports Institute Li!ited (HKSI) proides elite athletes ith a 8uality
trainin% eniron!ent and support serices ith the ai! o& %roo!in% the athletes to
achiee %ood results &or Hon% Kon% in international sports eents5 he elite athletes
can o$tain centralised support in areas o& trainin% &acilities, physical &itness and
conditionin%, sports science and !edicine, as ell as acco!!odation and caterin%5 o
support the elite trainin% pro%ra!!es, the HKSI receies recurrent su$ention &ro!
the 3oern!ent and deries inco!e &ro! other sources such as co!!ercial
sponsorship and priate donations5 he Elite rainin% Pro%ra!!e o& the HKSI is the
centrepiece o& the elite sport trainin% netor; in Hon% Kon%5 s in ay 0""7, this
pro%ra!!e coered // CElite Sports: $ad!inton, cyclin%, &encin%, s8uash, roin%,
si!!in%, ta$le tennis, tenpin $olin%, triathlon, indsur&in% and ushu5
ii) 7on3&overnental or&anisations
Sports /ederation and 6lypic !oittee o% Hon& Kon&, !hina
he Sports ederation and 'ly!pic #o!!ittee o& Hon% Kon%, #hina (S.'#) is a
!e!$er o& the International 'ly!pic #o!!ittee (I'#)5 Its o$1ecties as at ay 0""7
are to:
pro!ote the interests o& sports in Hon% Kon%<
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&or! and sti!ulate pu$lic opinions in &aour o& the proision o& proper and
$etter &acilities &or the practice o& all sports<
approe and en&orce uni&or! las &or the encoura%e!ent and re%ulation o&
sports in Hon% Kon% and to deal ith any in&rin%e!ents thereo& and to reconcile
or ar$itrate in any di&&erences hich !ay arise $eteen national associations or
%roups therein<
coordinate all local sports or%anisations and to cooperate in the interests o& all
concerned<
a&&iliate ith any orldide or re%ional or%anisations dedicated to the pro!otion
o& international co!petitions<
&oster the spirit o& the 'ly!pic 3a!es, hich is &riendship $eteen peoples $y
!eans o& sport<
underta;e the or%anisation o& international co!petitions and to pro!ote Hon%
Kon%Js participation in the!<
approe the selection and to control Hon% Kon%Js representation in all 'ly!pic
3a!es, sian 3a!es, East sian 3a!es, all #hina 3a!es, #hina Inter-city
3a!es and all other re%ional and international %a!es< and
do all such other la&ul thin%s as are incidental or conducie to the attain!ent o&
the a$oe o$1ects5
7ational Sports 'ssociations
*ational sports associations (*Ss) are the local %oernin% $odies o& indiidual
sports5 hey are responsi$le &or the pro!otion and deelop!ent o& their respectie
sports in Hon% Kon%5 &&iliated to their respectie international &ederations and
!ostly as !e!$ers o& the S.'#, *Ss represent Hon% Kon% in international
eents o& their respectie sport5 heir duties also include nurturin% athletes, coaches
and o&&icials as ell as or%anisin% $oth local and international eents in Hon% Kon%5
s at ay 0""7, there are ?4 *Ss under the S.'# in Hon% Kon%5
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!ounity Sports !lu+s
he o$1ectie o& the #o!!unity Sports #lu$ (#S#) Pro1ect is to proide assistance to
*Ss in the pro!otion o& sport at the co!!unity leel:
pro!ote and stren%then the deelop!ent o& sport &or youn% players5
enhance the standard o& sports at co!!unity leel5
encoura%e li&elon% participation in sports5
iii) Private and coercial clu+s
itness or health clu$s are $eco!in% popular5 *oadays, !any ne housin%
estates hae $een e8uipped ith sports &acilities &or tennis, s8uash, si!!in%,
physical &itness, etc &or use $y their residents5 here are also so!e priate clu$s
proidin% sports &acilities and serices, $ut their char%es are relatiely hi%h5
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Part I: Physical Education, Sport, Recreation, Leisure
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Readin% aterials
E-tracted %ro the script o% <Revie.in& the Developent o% Hon& Kon& School
Physical Education throu&h History= (Won&, 0***)
(Retrieed &ro! http:BBho!e5ied5edu5h;Bcton%BessaysBPEHISF05ht!l)
Hon% Kon% is %eo%raphically insepara$le &ro! #hina, $ut as a 6ritish #olony $e&ore /77? its political
and econo!ic eolution as !ore a&&ected $y the i!pact o& the Mnited Kin%do!5 Education is no
e+ception5 here&ore, a historical reie o& the deelop!ent o& Physical Education in the Mnited
Kin%do! and #hina is necessary5
he 6ritish Physical Education curriculu!, &ro! the ery $e%innin% up to no, has $een lar%ely sports-
oriented5 In the ei%hteenth century, the Industrial Reolution in Europe led to !any
ne issues5 he ne production !ode created a ne class - the capitalists5 Hain% achieedsatis&action in the pursuit o& ealth, they put &orard hi%her re8uire!ents &or education5 Hi%h 8uality
pu$lic schools thus ca!e into $ein%5
Mp until today, the 6ritish pu$lic schools are still orld-renoned5 In the old days, pu$lic schools ere
places &or the aristocracy and the royal &a!ily to educate the ir ne+t %eneration o& capitalists5 Students
learnt the traditional so-called elite culture, hich included En%lish, Latin, history, !athe!atics, science
and arts disciplines5 t &irst, sports ere thou%ht to ha!per acade!ic studies and there&ore ere
prohi$ited5 6ut later the school !ana%e!ent &ound that students li;ed to or%anise and participate in
co!petitie sports, and &or! clu$s and associations to pro!ote the actiities5 So!e li$eral educators
realised that co!petitie sports could stren%then !iddle class alues and $ehaiour patterns5 &ter that,
sports ere pro!oted in the pu$lic schools5
t the $e%innin% o& the tentieth century, the curriculu! content o& Physical Education (called physical
trainin% at that ti!e) included &or!ation drills, co!petitie %a!es and sports, plus rhyth!ic actiities
such as %y!nastics and dance5 In ie o& the destruction $rou%ht a$out $y the to orld ars, physical
educators started to incorporate the earlier concepts o& health and physical &itness in the Physical
Education curriculu!5 he econo!ic depression in the thirties also lin;ed physical education ith
co!!unity recreation5 he to orld ars also led to the $irth o& outreach type surial trainin%:
outdoor actiities, such as hi;in%, canoein%, sailin%, etc5
In the late /79"s, to !eet the scienti&ic and technolo%ical needs o& society, school education curriculu!
tended to $e !ore intellectual5 he concept o& CPhysically Education Person as proposed and
Physical Education as de&ined as Ceducation throu%h physical actiities and co!prised the
;noled%e, s;ills and a&&ectie do!ains, in addition to the deelop!ent o& a healthy and stron% $ody5
s a result, a lot o& acade!ic content such as sports science and health concepts sloly in&iltrated into
school Physical Education curriculu!5 Since /7@"s, physical education has $eco!e a pu$lic
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Part I: Physical Education, Sport, Recreation, Leisure
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(Retrieed &ro! http:BBho!e5ied5edu5h;Bcton%BessaysBPEHISF05ht!l)
e+a!ination su$1ect in 6ritain5 ustralia and Hon% Kon% &ollo suit5
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Part I: Physical Education, Sport, Recreation, Leisure
and Wellness: History and Recent Deelop!ent
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E-tracted %ro the script o% an E# pro&rae A <#he past, present and %uture
o% physical education in Hon& Kon&= (Education "ureau, *)
OP Q R#he past, present and %uture o% physical education in Hon& Kon&S
&ter the 'piu! War, Hon% Kon% $eca!e a 6ritish colony5 In&luenced $y Western culture, this s!all
Eastern &ishin% illa%e e+perienced !uch chan%e5 t that ti!e, the &orei%ners $rou%ht to Hon% Kon%
Western education as ell as Western sports such as ru%$y, &oot$all, lan $ols, etc5 So!e o& the! set
up sports clu$s5 or e+a!ple, the Hon% Kon% oot$all #lu$ (/@@9) and Koloon 6olin% 3reen #lu$
(/7"") ere set up at that ti!e5
!on% the sports introduced, &oot$all as the !ost popular a!on% the pu$lic5 he standard o& the
&oot$all players as hi%h as they had the opportunity to co!pete ith tea!s &ro! the Mnited Kin%do!5
Durin% the Paci&ic War, the !a1ority o& Hon% Kon% sports ere at a standstill5 &ter the ar, there asan in&lu+ o& i!!i%rants into Hon% Kon% leadin% to enor!ous pressures in ter!s o& health care, el&are,
housin% and education5 Hoeer, the then Hon% Kon% 6ritish 3oern!ent considered these in&los o&
population only Cpassin% throu%h and did not &ace the pro$le! positiely5 he $urden o& ta;in% care o&
the ne i!!i%rants as le&t to so!e churches, charita$le or%anisations and indiiduals5
In /79?, riots too; place in Hon% Kon%5 he 3oern!ent chan%ed its policy and started to attach
i!portance to sports deelop!ent, %iin% youn% people opportunities to release their ener%y5
In the /7?"s, Hon% Kon%Js econo!y and prosperity %enerally i!proed the 8uality o& li&e5 eleision
$eca!e !ore and !ore popular, and it in turn &acilitated the deelop!ent o& sport5
In /7@0, the 3oern!ent set up the Hon% Kon% Nu$ilee Sports #entre (later rena!ed as the Hon% Kon%
Sports Institute) &or the trainin% o& elite athletes and the pro!otion o& sports5 3radually, concerted
e&&orts &ro! all &ronts ena$led Hon% Kon% athletes to achiee %ood results in international co!petitions5
In 0""0, the HKSR 3oern!ent reieed Hon% Kon%Js sports deelop!ent and &or!ulated lon%-ter!
sports deelop!ent policies5 In 0""2, the 3oern!ent announced the esta$lish!ent o& the Sports
#o!!ission on the &or!ulation and i!ple!entation o& sports policy direction and the i!ple!entation
o& superision and coordination or;5 In 0""?, additional resources ere allocated to pro!ote sports
deelop!ent, e!phasisin% Cpro!otin% sports in the co!!unity, Cdeelopin% elite sports, and
C!a;in% Hon% Kon% a !a1or location &or international sports eents5
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Part I: Physical Education, Sport, Recreation, Leisure
and Wellness: History and Recent Deelop!ent
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Examples of Enquiry Activities
#hees 'ctivity
01 Roles and alues o&
Physical Education,
sport, recreation and
leisure
Data collection:
3ie e+a!ples to sho ho sport a&&ects personal
deelop!ent5
3ie e+a!ples to sho that Csport is a !icrocos!
o& the real orld5
Proide eidence to sho that Csport can $rin%
a$out orld peace5
Re&lections:
In hat ays hae you $een a&&ected $y sportO
What is the role o& the PE teacher or sport coach
in the socialisation processO
Is it true that sport should not $e inoled in
politicsO WhyO
1 he deelop!ent o&
school Physical
Education in Hon%
Kon%
Study the &olloin% !aterials in depth and share ith
class!ates hy you a%ree or disa%ree to the ies o&
the author5
• (In #hinese)TUV(/777)WX6YZ[\3]
!的78^_`康3ab_>(0)_2>-44c
• (In #hinese)def(/77@)cWghijkl!m
nK!l!78^_opqr3s!t(u)_
`!*+ /77@b(0"-07)c[\vl!wpqr3
s!tc
• (In #hinese)l!x (0""@)`yzl!{r|} -
[\!的~•9=€‚ƒbc[\v[\{„c
Re&lections:
• In hat ays can school Physical Education help
students deelop the ;noled%e, s;ills and
attitudes &or leadin% an actie and healthy li&estyleO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Part I: Physical Education, Sport, Recreation, Leisure
and Wellness: History and Recent Deelop!ent
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Examples of Enquiry Activities
#hees 'ctivity
• What is the i!pact o& physical deelop!ent
e+periences on &urther studies and career path o&
senior secondary studentsO
51 Snapshots o& sport
and recreation in
Hon% Kon%
Data collection:
• Study a &e nespapers collected oer a ee; and
collate a statistical report to sho the &re8uency
and !ain points a$out sport5
• Fisit the e$sites and study the discussion papers
and notes o& !eetin%s o& the Sports #o!!ission,
#o!!unity Sports #o!!ittee, Elite Sports
#o!!ittee and a1or Sports Eents #o!!ittee to
&ind out ho the three-pron%ed policy o&
Cpro!otin% sports in the co!!unity, deelopin%
elite sports, and !a;in% Hon% Kon% a !a1or
location &or international sports eents is $ein%
i!ple!ented in Hon% Kon%5
Pro1ect learnin% on:
• Hon% Kon% elite athletes
• he patterns o& e+ercise, recreation and leisure o&
Hon% Kon% people
• #o!!unity sports &acilities in Hon% Kon%
91 he deelop!ent o&
co!petitie sports
eents
Data collection:
• Select a sport, $rose throu%h releant e$sites
and &ind in&or!ation a$out its ori%in, current status
and deelop!ent trends5
Pro1ect learnin% on:
• he relationship and diision o& la$our $eteen the
Sports ederation and 'ly!pic #o!!ittee o&
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Part I: Physical Education, Sport, Recreation, Leisure
and Wellness: History and Recent Deelop!ent
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Examples of Enquiry Activities
#hees 'ctivity
Hon% Kon%, #hina (S.'#), #hina and *ational
Sport ssociations (*Ss)5
Re&lection:
• Which sports ill $e up-and-co!in% in Hon%
Kon%O What are the o$stacles to their
deelop!entO
>5 he tertiary Physical
Education
pro%ra!!es in Hon%
Kon%
Data collection:
• 6rose throu%h releant e$sites to &ind
in&or!ation a$out the curriculu! %oals, content
and re8uire!ents o& the C%eneral Physical
Education and CPhysical Education and Sports
Science pro%ra!!es5
• E+plore career deelop!ent a&ter studyin% the
Physical Education and Sports Science
pro%ra!!es5
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Part I: Physical Education, Sport, Recreation, Leisure
and Wellness: History and Recent Deelop!ent
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Re%erences %or #eachers
6ouchard, #5 (Ed5)5 (/77")5 Exercise, fitness, and health: A consensus of current knowledge5#ha!pai%n, IL: Hu!an Kinetics5
#hin, 5K5, Hensley, L5D5, . Liu, 5K5 (Eds5)5 (0""4)5 Innovation and alication of h!sical
education and sorts science in the new "illenniu": An Asia#$acific ersective. Hon% Kon%
Institute o& Education, Depart!ent o& Physical Education and Sports Science5
#hin, 5K5, Hensley, L5D5, #ote, P5, . #hen, S5H5 (Eds5)5 (0""4)5 %lobal ersectives in the
integration of h!sical activit!, sorts, dance, and exercise science in h!sical education: Fro"
theor! to ractice5 Hon% Kon% Institute o& Education, Depart!ent o& Physical Education and
Sports Science5
#ouncil o& Physical Education &or #hildren5 (0""/)5 $h!sical education is critical to a co"lete
education: A osition aer. *ational ssociation &or Sport and Physical Education5
Hayood, K55 (/77/)5 he role o& physical education in the deelop!ent o& actie li&estyles.
&esearch 'uarterl! for Exercise and (ort, )*(0),/>/-/>95
Hon% Kon% 3oern!ent5 (0""9)5 The *++)#+ olic! address: $roactive, $rag"atic, Alwa!s $eole
First. Hon% Kon%: 3oern!ent Lo%istics Depart!ent5
'$erteu&&er, D5 (/790)5 he Role o& physical education in health and &itness5 A"erican -ournal of
$ublic ealth /ations ealth, 5*(?), //>>//9"5
Pate, R5 R5, Pratt, 5, 6lair, S5 *5, Has;ell, W5 L5, acera, #5 5, 6ouchard, #5, et al5 (/77>)5 Physical
actiity and pu$lic health: reco!!endation &ro! the #enters &or Disease #ontrol and
Preention and the !erican #olle%e o& Sports edicine5 -ournal of A"erican 0edical
Association, *, 4"0-4"?5
M5 S5 Depart!ent o& Health and Hu!an Serices5 (/779)5 $h!sical activit! and health: A reort of the
(urgeon %eneral. tlanta, 3: M5S5 Depart!ent o& Health and Hu!an Serices, #enters &or
Disease #ontrol and Preention5
World Health 'r%anisation5 (0""/)5 &eort of the 2irector#%eneral 5 World Health 'r%anisation5
Wuest, D5 5, . #harles, 565 (/777)5 Foundations of h!sical education and sort (/2th ed5)5
6oston: c3ra-Hill5
…†9‡ˆ9‰Š‹9Œ力9Ž9‘’“ (0"">)Wzh!,3788# _̂̀ !,3b_
0>(/)_>-/"c
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Part I: Physical Education, Sport, Recreation, Leisure
and Wellness: History and Recent Deelop!ent
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def (/77@)Wghijkl!mnK!l!78 _̂opqr3s!t—u˜_̀ !*
+ /77@》,0"-07。香港:教育署輔導視學處體育組。
™Vš9›œ(0""9)WžŸ.!的¡¢£¤¥^_《體育科學》,09(7)_?7-@/。
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l!x (0""7)《yzl!{r|} ® [\!的~•9=€‚ƒ》。[\v[\{„c
TUV (/777)WX6YZ[\3]!的78^_《康3a》_>(0)_2>-44。
"#78¦§ (0""0)《體育學)學)*+!,- (¨一¯z°)》。香港:!發展./。
"#78¦§[\考±及²³x (0""?)《體育!及01,-(z´¯zµ)》。香港:$%23
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Part I: Physical Education, Sport, Recreation, Leisure
and Wellness: History and Recent Deelop!ent
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7/18/2019 Hongkong Sport
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hongkong-sport 34/37
PE (HKDSE)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
References for Students
3reen$er%, N5S5, Dinti!an, 3565, . 'a;es, 655 (0""4)5 $h!sical fitness and
wellness: 3hanging the wa! !ou look, feel and erfor" (2rd ed5)5 #ha!pai%n,
IL: Hu!an Kinetics5
…”9–(0""9)W休閒、休閒體育及其在中國的發展趨勢^_`!,3b_09(4)_9?-?"。
def (/77@)Wghijkl!mnK!l!78 _̂opqr3s!t—u˜_̀ !*+
/77@》,0"-07。香港:教育署輔導視學處體育組。
™Vš9›œ(0""9)WžŸ.!的¡¢£¤¥^_《體育科學》,09(7)_?7-@/。
ÀÁj (0""2)《zhÂÃ!bc„¸¹vÄMc
l!x (0""7)《yzl!{r|} ® [\!的~•9=€‚ƒ》。[\v[\{„c
ÅÆÇ (/77")《<=>?》。香港:@ABCD。
TUV (/777)WX6YZ[\3]!的78^_《康3a》_>(0)_2>-44。
"#78¦§ (0""0)《體育學)學)*+!,- (¨一¯z°)》。香港:!發展./。
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and Wellness: History and Recent Deelop!ent
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http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hongkong-sport 35/37
PE (HKDSE)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Related We$sites
/5 5S5 Watson 3roup Hon% Kon% Student Sports ards
http:BB5asatson5co!Ben%BSS5ht!
05 #enters &or Disease #ontrol and Preention (#D#) (Mnited States)
he I!portance o& Physical ctiities
http:BB5cdc5%oBnccdphpBdnpaBphysicalBi!portanceBinde+5ht!
25 #hinese Mniersity o& Hon% Kon% Physical Education B Sports Science
Pro%ra!!es
http:BB5cuh;5edu5h;BspeB
45 3eneral d!inistration o& Sport o& #hina (in #hinese only)
http:BB5sport5%o5cnBn/9Binde+5ht!l
>5 Ho!e &&airs 6ureau Recreation and Sport
http:BB5ha$5%o5h;BtcBpolicyQresponsi$ilitiesBRecreationQSportQandQEntertain!entQLicensin%Bsport5ht!
95 Ho!e &&airs Depart!ent - Su!!er outh Pro%ra!!e (in #hinese only)
http:BB5su!!eryouth5or%5h;B
?5 Hon% Kon% 6aptist Mniersity Physical Education B Sports Science
Pro%ra!!es
http:BB5h;$u5edu5h;Bsosc/BpeBpe/5ht!l
@5 Hon% Kon% Institute o& Education Physical Education B Sports Science
Pro%ra!!es
http:BB5ied5edu5h;BcapeBpeBinde+5ht!
75 Hon% Kon% Schools Dance ssociation (in #hinese only)
http:BB5h;sda5or%5h;B
/"5 Hon% Kon% Schools Sports ederation
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and Wellness: History and Recent Deelop!ent
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http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hongkong-sport 36/37
PE (HKDSE)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http:BB5h;ss&5or%5h;B
//5 Hon% Kon% Sports Institute Li!ited
http:BB5h;si5or%5h;Bh;sd$B
Sports 6ulletin
http:BB5h;si5or%5h;Bh;sd$B&rontBeQpu$/Qs$05ht!l
Research Hi%hli%hts
http:BB5h;si5or%5h;Bh;sd$B&rontBeQpu$/Qrh05ht!l
/05 Nu!p Rope &or Heart Pro%ra!
http:BB51u!prope5or%5h;Ben%lishBinde+5ht!
/25 Leisure and #ultural Serices Depart!entLeisure Serices
http:BB5lcsd5%o5h;BenBls5php
/45 Leisure and #ultural Serices Depart!ent - School Sports Pro%ra!!e
http:BB5lcsd5%o5h;Blsche!esBsch-sportBenBinde+5php
Falue o& Sport
http:BB5lcsd5%o5h;Blsche!esBsch-sportBenB&or!BdocBsport.alue5ppt
6ad%es ard Sche!e
http:BB5lcsd5%o5h;Blsche!esBsch-sportBenB$ad%es5php
Sport #aptain Pro%ra!!e
http:BB5lcsd5%o5h;Blsche!esBsch-sportBenBcaptainQintro5php
/>5 List o& #o!!unity Sports #lu$s
http:BB5h;si5or%5h;Bh;sd$Bht!lBetQnsac/Qcsc05ht!l
/95 'utdoor Education #a!p
http:BB5ed$5%o5h;Binde+5asp+OnodeID202?.lan%no/
/?5 Physical Education Section, Education 6ureau
http:BB5ed$5%o5h;Binde+5asp+OnodeID04"@.lan%no/
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and Wellness: History and Recent Deelop!ent
2>
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http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hongkong-sport 37/37
PE (HKDSE)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/@5 School Physical itness ard Sche!e
http:BB5ed$5%o5h;Binde+5asp+Olan%no/.nodeID2/@9
/75 Sports ederation and 'ly!pic #o!!ittee o& Hon% Kon%, #hina
http:BB5h;oly!pic5or%BarticleBeQ!ain!enu
*ational Sports ssociations in Hon% Kon% Directory
http:BB5h;oly!pic5or%B1spBnsaBnsaQlist51sp
Recent Sports *es $y Hon% Kon% 'ly!pic or%anisation rticle rchie
http:BB5h;oly!pic5or%BarticleBarticlesQarchie
0"5 he International #ouncil &or Health, Physical Education, Recreation, Sport, and
Dance (I#HPERTSD)
http:BB5ichpersd5or%B
0/5 Mniersity o& Hon% Kon% Physical Education B Sports Science Pro%ra!!es
http:BB25h;u5h;BiohpBpro%ra!!esB
005 Mniersity Sports ederation o& Hon% Kon%, #hina
http:BB5us&h;5or%B
025 World Health 'r%anisation (WH')
Why oe &or Health
http:BB5ho5intB!oe&orhealthBenB