Opening Activity What is your opinion? Should illegal drugs be made legal in US? What might be your criteria for which drug to legalize and which to make

Opening Activity What is your opinion? Should illegal drugs be made legal in US? What might be your criteria for which drug to legalize and which to make illegal?

Unit 5 Assessment Unit 5 Assessment Tuesday, April 14 th Unit 6 Starting Monday April 13 th (will answer review questions on that Monday)

Opening Activity What is the definition of a drug to you? What do you think the definition of a drug is to law enforcement? 4/15

Unit 6 Drug Use and Crime

Drugs and CSI It is important for CSIs to evaluate the role that drugs play in the crimes they investigate. Therefore each CSI needs to have background knowledge in the origin of various illegal drugs and their effects. Drugs Natural or synthetic substances that are used to produce some desired physical or psychological effect. Drugs are used to sustain or improve quality of life. Drugs are abused when they are taken only for their secondary side effects.

Drugs and CSI It is important for CSIs to evaluate the role that drugs play in the crimes they investigate. Therefore each CSI needs to have background knowledge in the origin of various illegal drugs and their effects. Drugs ______________________________________ ________________________________________________ Drugs are used to _______________________________ Drugs are abused when __________________________ ________________________________________________

Drugs and CSI According to Law Enforcement Agencies, a drug is ANY substance that can impair a persons ability to operate a vehicle (even if they are not operating a vehicle).

Drugs and CSI According to Law Enforcement Agencies, a drug is _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________

The Nature of Drug Abuse Drug abuse is not only a problem of the poor! Drug abuse affects members of all social and economic levels. There are about 25 million people in the U.S. that could be classified as drug addicts. Approximately 75% of the evidence collected by CSIs is either directly or indirectly related to drugs. The widespread consumption of illegal drugs in the U.S. is one of the major reasons why crime labs have become integrated into law enforcement.

The Nature of Drug Abuse Drug abuse is not only a problem of the poor! Drug abuse affects members _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ There are about _______________people in the U.S. that could be classified as drug addicts. Approximately __________of the evidence collected by CSIs is either directly or indirectly related to drugs. The widespread consumption of illegal drugs in the U.S. is one of the major reasons why crime labs have become integrated into law enforcement.

Drug Dependence 1. Psychological dependence The conditioned use of a drug caused by ones desire relieve stress, emotional, or personal problems. 2. Physical dependence Occurs when the body becomes conditioned to the presence of a drug and gradually requires it to function. Associated with moderate to extreme withdraw symptoms. Each type of dependence can be extremely difficult for an individual to overcome alone!

Drug Dependence 1. Psychological dependence ___________________ ________________________________________________ 2. Physical dependence ________________________ ________________________________________________ Each type of dependence can be extremely difficult for an individual to overcome alone!

The Damages of Drug Abuse With drug dependence comes an obsessiveness with use. With this, users will often begin to neglect certain things: 1. personal health Users will usually become physically ill and weaker over time. Appearance generally suffers as a result. 2. finances Users will often sacrifice most or all of their money and possessions in order to use. 3. relationships Users will neglect close family members and friends. 4. legal restraints Users will disobey the law and takes chances that can result in incarceration.

The Damages of Drug Abuse With drug dependence comes an obsessiveness with use. With this, users will often begin to neglect certain things: 1. personal health ____________________________ ________________________________________________ 2. finances ___________________________________ ________________________________________________ 3. relationships _______________________________ ________________________________________________ 4. legal restraints ______________________________ ________________________________________________

Controlled Substance Act of 1970 Gave five categories/schedules of drugs and therefore legality. How to classify or assign drug schedule A. Risk of Abuse? B. Accepted Medical Uses? C. Safety? Risk of Dependence? (physically and physiologically) Schedule 1 is considered the worst type of drug (heroin/LSD) Schedule 5 is considered the weakest type of drug (cough syrup)

Controlled Substance Act of 1970 Gave five categories/schedules of drugs and therefore legality. How to classify or assign drug schedule A. _____________________ B. _____________________ C. ____________________________________________ Schedule 1 ___________________________________ Schedule 5 ___________________________________

Controlled Substance Act of 1970 Gave five categories/schedules of drugs and therefore legality. (Schedule 1 considered worst, 5 least) Schedule 1:The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse. No accepted medical use. Schedule 2:The drug or other substances have a high potential for abuse. Some accepted medical use. Schedule 3:The drug or other substance has a potential for abuse less than the drugs or other substances in schedules I and II. Accepted medical uses. Schedule 4:The drug or other substance has a low potential for abuse relative to the drugs or other substances in schedule III. Accepted medical uses. Schedule 5:The drug or other substance has a low potential for abuse relative to the drugs or other substances in schedule IV. Accepted medical uses.

Article Assignment #6 Read the article Drug Legalization: Why it wouldnt work in United States Write an 8 question multiple choice quiz (ABC) over the information in the article When complete, turn in for a classwork grade Do your best!

Article Assignment #6 Read the article Michael Jackson Write an 8 question multiple choice quiz (ABC) over the information in the article When complete, turn in for a classwork grade Do your best!

Opening Activity What are the 3 criteria that the US government used to determine which schedule or classification a drug should be labeled? 4/20

Pain Killing Drugs Pain killing drugs come in a variety of forms. Most are either consumed or injected. Mild (weak) pain relievers that have few/no secondary side effects are sometimes called analgesics. Example = ibuprofen, acetaminophen (Advil, Tylenol) Other types of pain killers are much stronger and have much more pervasive side effects

Pain Killing Drugs Pain killing drugs come in a variety of forms. Most are either consumed or injected. Mild (weak) pain relievers______________________ _________________are sometimes called ___________. Example = ___________________________ Other types of pain killers are much stronger and have much more pervasive side effects

Narcotics All are extremely physically addicting type of pain killing drugs. Much more powerful than analgesics. Often prescribed to relieve pain and induce sleep. Based on the Greek word narkotikos which means to feel sluggish. Narcotics are derived from the opium poppy plant of Asia. Narcotics are also referred to as opiates.

Narcotics All are extremely _____________________type of pain killing drugs. Much more powerful than analgesics. Often prescribed to _____________________________. Based on the Greek word narkotikos which means to feel sluggish. Narcotics are derived from the __________________of Asia. Narcotics are also referred to as ____________.

Types of narcotics Morphine A common medically prescribed type of pain killer. Example = vicodin, percocet

Heroin A highly concentrated, water soluble form of morphine in which needle injection is very quick and simple. Made by reacting morphine with acetic anhydride. Often cut with starch or lactose.

Codeine Prepared from Morphine. Commonly used in cough suppressants. Only about one sixth as strong as morphine and is sometimes abused, however not nearly as much as morphine and heroin. Examples = robo-trollin, purple drank

Major Types of Narcotics Morphine Heroin Codeine

Hallucinogens Hallucinogens include a wide variety of drugs that stimulate the sensory nervous system to a degree that causes alterations in perceptions and moods. The most widely used illicit drug in the world is a hallucinogenic drug. The drug is. Marijuana!

Hallucinogens Hallucinogens include a wide variety of drugs that ___________________________________________ ______________________________________________ The most widely used illicit drug in the world is a hallucinogenic drug. The drug is. __________________

Marijuana There are an estimated 50 million people in the U.S. who have used marijuana. The marijuana plant is native to southern Asia. Its use as a medicinal herb dates back to 2737 B.C. Marijuana was introduced into Europe by French soldiers returning from the Napoleanic Wars. Spanish explorers brought Marijuana to the South American colonies. Marijuana is believed to have been introduced into the U.S. sometime in the 1920s.

Marijuana There are an estimated ___________________in the U.S. who have used marijuana. The marijuana plant is native to ___________. Its use as a medicinal herb dates back to _____________. Marijuana was introduced into Europe by French soldiers returning from the Napoleanic Wars. Spanish explorers brought Marijuana to the South American colonies. Marijuana is believed to have been introduced into the U.S. sometime in ______________

Opening Activity 1. What is a narcotic? 2. What are some examples of narcotics? 4/21

Marijuana, (continued from yesterday) Marijuana grows under most climatic conditions. Marijuana is capable of growing up to 15 feet tall. Marijuana leafs are characterized by odd numbered leaflets with serrated (jagged) edges. The active component of marijuana is Tetrahydrocannabinol = THC (cannabis) THC is concentrated in the leafs, resins, and buds of the plant. There is no THC in the stem, roots, or seeds.

Marijuana, (continued from yesterday) Marijuana grows under most climatic conditions. Marijuana is capable of growing up to 15 feet tall. Marijuana leafs are characterized by ______________ _______________________________________________ The active component of marijuana is _____________________=_________ _______________ THC is concentrated in ________________________of the plant. There is no THC in _____________________

The affects of Marijuana use 1. Enhanced sense of well being (high) 2. Sensations of relaxation 3. Altered perception of taste, smell, sight, and hearing 4. Impaired ability to concentrate 5. Impaired muscle coordination 6. Slight eye inflammation (red-eye) 7. Sensation of hunger (munchies) 8. Distorted sense of time and space relationships

The affects of Marijuana use 1. _____________________________________ 2. _________________________ 3. _______________________________________ 4. _____________________________ 5. _____________________________ 6. _____________________________ 7. _____________________________ 8. ______________________________________________

Derivatives of Marijuana 1. Hashish made from the oily resin secretions of the marijuana plant. Very high in THC content. 2. Sinsemilla the unfertilized buds of the marijuana plant. Also very high in THC content. There is little evidence marijuana is capable of causing physical dependency. However users can develop strong psychological dependency for the drug. Marijuanas long term usage effects are still very much unknown.

Derivatives of Marijuana 1. Hashish _________________________________ ____________________________________________ 2. Sinsemilla _________________________________ ______________________________________________ There is ______________evidence marijuana is capable of causing ______________________. However users can develop ____________________________________ Marijuanas long term usage effects are still very much unknown.

Legalization of Marijuana (as of 2013) Despites its federal status as an illicit drug, marijuana has been locally legalized in different states: 1. Washington Adults can buy 16 oz. and use up to 1 oz. in private setting. Illegal in public (fines and arrest). 2. Colorado Adults can grow 3 adult plants privately, can sell/trade/use up to 1 oz. in private setting. 3. Medical Marijuana 20 states and DC with registry/medical cards (extremely hard to get).

Federal vs Local Legalization The federal government has recognized marijuana as an illegal drug. Even if states/local governments legalize marijuana, a person or business can be federally arrested and indicted. (this is extremely rare for a person, but is VERY common for businesses pot boutiques) The federal government has shut down almost EVERY boutique that has opened in Colorado, Washington, and many other states.

Reefer Madness Reefer Madness is a 1950s political propaganda term used to describe the effects of marijuana on people. There were many public broadcast announcements, commercials, etc. all educating the public on marijuana use. Marijuana was also closely connected to the hippie and free love movement of the 50s-70s. These connections and political propaganda campaigns and a few rare violet incidences all lead to the federal illegalization of marijuana.

Federal vs Local Legalization The federal government has recognized marijuana_____________________________ Even if states/local governments legalize marijuana, a ________________________________________________ (this is extremely rare for a person, but is VERY common for businesses pot boutiques)

The use of medical marijuana Despites its status as an illicit drug, marijuana has been shown to have some legitimate medical uses. Marijuana can be used to: 1. Relieve the side effects of chemotherapy. 2. Relieve the discomfort of glaucoma 3. Reduce seizure episodes for those with epilepsy 4. Relieve the nausea associated with Hepatitis C

The use of medical marijuana Despites its status as an illicit drug, marijuana has been shown to have some legitimate medical uses. Marijuana can be used to: 1. __________________________________ 2. __________________________________ 3. __________________________________ 4. __________________________________

Current Politicians Running for President

Preparation for Tomorrow Get into your small project groups and think about your questions for tomorrow.

Legalization Debate Classroom Assignment (everyone must participate) Based on what youve learn so far 1. Should marijuana be legalized? Commit to a side. 2. Create two groups: FOR and AGAINST legalization 3. Spend 5 minutes discussing your reasoning 4. Then SWITCH sides 5. Spend 5 minutes determining reasons of the OTHER side. 6. As a group, create a proposal of how to legalize or how to enforce the current illegalization of marijuana.

Opening Activity Which illicit drug is the most used (throughout the world)? What is a stimulant? What are some examples of stimulant?

Hallucinogens, continued Current research suggests that hallucinogens are NOT physically addictive (can be psychologically).

Hallucinogens, continued LSD lysergic acid diethylamide = Acid Very potent even in small doses. Causes enhanced mood swings and vivid hallucinations that can last up to 12 hours. Usually taken in pill form or occasionally as a liquid on tabs. Shrooms Psilocybin Mushrooms containing psilocybin are native to South America, Mexico, and the U.S. and are usually eaten fresh or dried.

Hallucinogens, continued LSD __________________________ = _________ Very potent even in small doses. Causes enhanced ____________________________________________ ________________________. Usually taken in __________________________________. Shrooms Psilocybin Mushrooms containing psilocybin are native to______________________________ and are usually eaten ____________________.

Peyote Mescaline Found in a spineless cactus species native to Mexico and the southwestern U.S. Was used as part of many Native American religious ceremonies. PCP Phencyclohexylpiperidine = angel dust Normally a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water or alcohol. Cause intense hallucinations accompanied by delusional and sometimes violent behavior. MDMA Methylenedioxymethamphatmine = ecstasy Has both hallucinogenic and stimulant side effects. Causes an irrational loss of inhibitions. Also increases blood pressure, and heart rate. Use is occasionally fatal.

Peyote Mescaline Found in a spineless cactus species native to _________ ______________________Was used as _________________ ___________________________. PCP Phencyclohexylpiperidine = _____________________ Normally a ___________________________that is soluble in _________________. Cause intense _____________accompanied by delusional and sometimes__________________. MDMA Methylenedioxymethamphatmine = ___________________ Has both ______________ and ____________side effects. Causes an irrational ___________________. Also increases __________ ______________________. Use is occasionally fatal.

Mollies Main ingredient is ecstasy but mixed with small amount of highly addicting substances (to get people to buy more). Can be mixed with cocaine, heroin, meth, etc. Very dangerous because buyers dont know what they are truly buying.

Mollies Main ingredient is _______________ but mixed with small amount of ______________________(to get people to buy more). Can be mixed ______________ _____________________. Very dangerous because buyers dont know what they are truly buying.

Drug Quiz#1 1. Define the term drug. 2. How many people in the U.S. could be classified as drug addicts? 3. ____ percent of the evidence collected by CSIs is drug related. 4. What is psychological dependence? 5. What is physical dependence? 6. List two life aspects that one will often come to neglect when under the influence of drugs. 7. What are analgesics?

8. Give an example of an analgesic. 9. From what plant are narcotics derived? 10. Where is this plant naturally found? 11. Give an example of a narcotic. 12. What is a hallucinogen? 13. What is the most widely used hallucinogenic drug?

Stimulant Drugs. Stimulants are drugs that increase or speed up the activity of the nervous system. Some stimulants are very weak. Example = caffeine, nicotine Some stimulants are much more powerful. Example = cocaine, meth, etc. The effects of stimulants include: 1. increased alertness and energy 2. hyperactivity and nervousness 3. loss of appetite 4. increased metabolism 5. euphoria (strong, high emotions) often followed by exhaustion

Stimulant Drugs. Stimulants are drugs that ________________________ ___________________________________ Some stimulants are very weak. Example = _________ ______________________ Some stimulants are much more powerful. Example = ___________________________ The effects of stimulants include: 1. ____________________________________ 2. ____________________________________ 3. ____________________________________ 4. ____________________________________ 5. ____________________________________

Stimulants, continued Amphetamines A wide variety of stimulant drugs designed to increase metabolism and prolong energy and endurance. Often associated with weight loss supplements and athletics. Crystal Methamphetamine - Created by way of the evaporation of concentrated amphetamine solutions to produce crystalline powder or rocks. Crystal meth is usually smoked in glass pipes to produce a long lasting, stimulating effect. Chronic users may have violent, destructive behavior and paranoia

Stimulants, continued Amphetamines A wide variety of stimulant drugs designed to increase ________________________________. Often associated with weight loss supplements and athletics. Crystal Methamphetamine - Created by way of the evaporation of concentrated ______________________________to produce crystalline powder or rocks. Crystal meth is usually smoked in _____________to produce a long lasting, _________________. Chronic users may have _________________________________

Cocaine A powerful drug stimulant derived from the Coca plant of South America. Most commonly cocaine is snorted into the nose where it absorbs into the bloodstream. Cocaine can also be injected as part of a water solution or even ingested. Cocaine produces a very intense high that users quickly begin craving. Breaking a cocaine habit is extremely difficult even with rehabilitation. About 75% of the cocaine in the U.S. comes from Columbia Cocaine causes elevations in blood pressure and respiratory rates which can lead to severe seizures and cardiac arrest, eventually leading to death! Example = Len Bias (U.Maryland Bball player)

Cocaine A powerful drug _______________________ _______________________________. Most commonly cocaine is ______________________where it absorbs into the bloodstream. Cocaine can also be ___________________________ ___________________ Cocaine produces a very intense high that users quickly begin craving. Breaking a cocaine habit is ______________ _____________________________. About __________ of the cocaine in the U.S. comes from ____________________ Cocaine causes elevations in ___________________ _______________which can lead to ______________ ________________________________! Example = Len Bias (U.Maryland Bball player)

Crack Cocaine Crack is a solid, smokeable form of cocaine. Crack delivers its effect quicker and with more intensity than conventional cocaine use. Crack is made by mixing cocaine with water and baking soda. The mixture is heated, then dried and broken up into chunks called rocks. The rocks are then smoked in pipes. Crack is very dangerous because the feelings associated with smoking crack are very pronounced and addictive. Crack addicts will do anything in order to continue using! Crack is whack

Crack Cocaine Crack is a _________________________________. Crack delivers its effect _______________________ _________________________________. Crack is made by mixing _________________________ _______________. The mixture is heated, then dried and broken up into chunks called rocks. The rocks are then smoked in pipes. Crack is very dangerous because the feelings associated with smoking crack are very pronounced and addictive. Crack addicts will do anything in order to continue using! Crack is whack

Opening Activity What is a depressant? What are some examples of depressants? What do you think is the most commonly used depressant?

Depressant Drugs Depressants are drugs that slow down or decrease nervous system activity. Also sometimes referred to as sedatives. Often prescribed for stress/anxiety or sleep disorders. Examples include valium, xanax, qualudes, and alcohol. The effects of depressants include: 1. feelings of relaxation 2. loss of anxiety 3. loss of muscle tension 4. sleep (sometimes)

Depressant Drugs Depressants are drugs that __________________ ________________________. Also sometimes referred to as ___________. Often prescribed for __________ _____________________________ Examples include ___________________________ __________________ The effects of depressants include: 1. __________________________ 2. __________________________ 3. __________________________ 4. __________________________

Barbiturates are depressant drugs that are sometimes prescribed to people with acute hyperactivity or anxiety disorders, or severe insomnia. Examples include phenobarbitol and secobarbitol. Barbiturate abuse leads to extreme physical dependency. Symptoms include: 1. muscle spasms 2. insomnia 3. delirium 4. seizures Barbiturate withdrawal can be fatal! Therefore constant medical attention must be made available

Barbiturates are _____________________________ _____________________________________________ ___________________________________. Examples include ___________ and ______________. Barbiturate abuse leads to extreme physical dependency. Symptoms include: 1. ________________ 2. ________________ 3. ________________ 4. ________________ Barbiturate withdrawal ______________! Therefore constant medical attention must be made available

Anabolic Steroids. Anabolic steroids are lipid based drugs that are chemically related to the human hormone testosterone. Steroids are abused because of their ability to accelerate healing and muscle growth. Steroids also promote secondary male characteristics. (body hair, deep voice, dense bone structure, etc.) Steroids are usually either injected or taken in pill form. Examples = enanthate, cypionate, anadrol, HGH, winstrol, deca-durabolin, etc.

Anabolic Steroids. Anabolic steroids are _________________drugs that are chemically related to the __________________ ________________ Steroids are abused because of their _______________ _______________________________. Steroids also promote secondary male characteristics. (body hair, deep voice, dense bone structure, etc.) Steroids are usually either _________________ __________________________ Examples = enanthate, cypionate, anadrol, HGH, winstrol, deca-durabolin, etc.

The other side effects of steroid use Many of the side effects of steroids are based on steroids lipid, oil-like nature 1. water retention bloatedness 2. acne 3. sterility 4. impotence 5. gynomastica (?) 6. hypertension high blood pressure 7. clogged arteries 8. jaundice inflammation of the liver 9. aggressive behavior roid rage 10. accelerated bone growth in the forehead and jaw regions. Causes gap tooth.

Inhalants. Most are not identified as ILLEGAL for their true purpose, but law enforcement recognizes them as an illegal drug when abused. Common examples: metal spray paints, kitchen cleaners, misc. cleaners, gasoline, etc. Causes immediate numbness and death of brain cells. Is very dangerous and easily overdosed possibly leading to death.

Inhalants. Most are not identified as ____________for their true purpose, but law enforcement recognizes them as an ____________________________. Common examples: _________________________ _____________________________, etc. Causes immediate __________________________. Is very dangerous and easily overdosed possibly leading to death.

Opening Activity How do law enforcement agencies define a drug? What is the legal limit of alcohol in the blood stream in Kentucky? What is the legal limit of drugs in the blood stream in Kentucky?

Drugs and CSI According to Law Enforcement Agencies, a drug is ANY substance that can impair a persons ability to operate a vehicle (even if they are not operating a vehicle). Alcohol 0.08% (what does that mean?) Drugs No number for too much. If you have drugs in your system = DUI Police are trained to identify possible alcohol/drug symptoms and test you when arrested.

Under the Influence Alcohol 0.08% (what does that mean?) Drugs No number for too much. If you have drugs in your system = DUI Saccadic Eye Movement: Everyones eyes have UNCONTROLLABLE movements/paths/jerks when looking at a substance. Being under the influence increases these movements. Coordination walking, standing, squatting, arm movements, etc.

Under the Influence Alcohol ___________ (what does that mean?) Drugs No number for too much. If you have drugs in your system = DUI _________________: Everyones eyes have UNCONTROLLABLE movements/paths/jerks when looking at a substance. Being under the influence increases these movements. Coordination ______________________ ___________________________.

Under the Influence Internal Clock can slow down or speed up depending on drugs. Smells - Body Language paranoia, shaking, sweating, heavy breathing, high temperature Speech slurred, incoherent, rambling Drug Residue leftovers, burn marks, track marks, vomit, etc.

Under the Influence Internal Clock __________________________ ________________________. Smells - Body Language __________________________ _______________________ Speech ______________________________ Drug Residue ____________________________ ________________________

Under the Influence Paraphernalia: special smoking devices, wrappers, storage containers, needles, burnt spoons, file grinders, filters, strong masking agents (cologne, air fresheners, sprays, etc), eye drops, lip balm, etc. Most are considered legal until abused. There is NO such thing as a contact or secondary high. (even if hot boxing)

Under the Influence Paraphernalia: ____________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ Most are considered legal until abused. There is ___________________________ _________________________(even if hot boxing)

Jigsaw In groups of 3-4 (random) You will be given one drug TYPE (not actual drug). You need to discuss in your group the following and be prepared to MODEL/ACT OUT or share out the answers. Symptoms Side Effects Physical vs Psychological Dependency Effects on Body/Muscles Effects on Behavior Drug Residue Paraphernalia Roles: Recorder Actor Presenter

Opening Activity What does it mean for a drug to be a gateway drug? Why might people fall into patterns of drug abuse?

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Opening Activity What is your opinion? Should illegal drugs be made legal in US? What might be your criteria for which drug to legalize and which to make