Opener #6The Three Musicians

Look at the picture to the right while listening to the song being played and answer the following questions:

1. What is the style of music represented in the painting?

2. How does the painting visually represent the musical style being played?

Modern Music – Classical and Jazz

• Get a note sheet from the front table and a Human Spirit Textbook.• Complete opener #6 on a

separate sheet of paper.

Opener- Jazz Questions Get The Adventures of Human Spirit book from the back of the room and turn to

pgs. 412-413. Answer the following questions in the space provided: 1) What is jazz?2) What was the name of a composer who adapted jazz melodies and rhythms for

concert music?3) How do musicians use improvisation?4) How was Armstrong able to mimic jazz singers?5) What type of singing style did Armstrong invent? Describe this style.6) When did jazz music become enjoyed by white audiences? (need style name) 7) What mood did Ellington’s music convey?8) What is “be-bop”?9) Charlie Parker’s improvisations only kept what of the original tune?10) Jazz gave rise to what two popular forms of music?11) The answers mentioned above are the basis of what type of music?

Modern Music – Early 20th Century• Radio – greater exposure• new media/technologies developed to record, capture,

and distribute music• Music no longer limited to concerts and clubs• exposure to a wider range of music - concept of World

Music developed• new freedom/experimentation with musical

styles/forms• challenged accepted musical rules• Incorporation of Eastern, Middle-Eastern, Latin and

Western styles• Transportation innovations allowed musicians and fans

to travel further/quicker

• Gershwin combined classical and jazz styles• Increase in use of dissonance for more educated

audience – had to be trained in music to understand/enjoy – alienated audience

• Later a greater connection with audience was emphasized

• Aaron Copland collected and used folk themes and simplified music to met demand/desires of public

Aaron Copland• 1900-1990• Composer of concert and film music, pianist • balance between modern music and American folk styles• ballet compositions of American folklore

-Appalachian Spring-Billy the Kid

• use of jazz, revival hymns, cowboy songs, made Copland’s name synonymous with American music

• Homosexual/immigrant/Jewish caused him to be isolated • 1921 went to Paris, France

-artistically simulating atmosphere -lasting influence on his works (similar to Picasso and Hemingway)

Aaron Copland

• Listening Examples:– Appalachian Spring – Largo– Appalachian Spring – Allegro

George Gershwin• 1898-1937• American composer• Died of brain tumor• wrote vocal/theatrical works in collaboration with

brother, Ira. • Wrote songs in the popular style, classical style and

also for Broadway musicals• compositions used in t.v., film, and covered by

many jazz musicians

George Gershwin

• Listening Examples:–Rhapsody in Blue–Porgy and Bess – Summertime 1,2• Longest work•Opera•deals with the lives of poor blacks

South Carolina• (show videos)

Jazz Music Overview • Early 20th Century (1900’s); original American art

form• Essential Forms:

– Blue notes• is a note sung or played at a slightly lower pitch than

that of the major scale for expressive purposes– Syncopation– Improvisation– Polyrhythms

• simultaneous sounding of two or more independent rhythms – originated in African drum circles

– Swung Notes • performance practice, mainly in jazz-influenced music,

in which some notes with equal written time values are performed with unequal durations, usually as alternating long and short

• African American Communities– African and European Influences

Jazz Music Influences• How have these four factors

contributed to the development and evolution of jazz?– 1. AFRICA—

• culture, music and rhythms, collective function, individual expression

– 2. EUROPE—• instruments, musical forms

– 3. NEW ORLEANS—• a melting pot of cultures

– 4. DEMOCRACY—• Each jazz musician is allowed to develop a

unique, individual voice or style to contribute to the greater effort.

Jazz Music Styles

• Ragtime• Classic Jazz• Hot Jazz• Chicago Style• Swing• Kansas City Style• Gypsy Jazz• Bebop• Vocalese• Mainstream• Cool

http://www.apassion4jazz.net/jazz_styles.html

Can you identify the styles?

http://pbskids.org/jazz/bandleader.html

Louis Armstrong• 1901-1971• American jazz trumpeter/singer• shifted focus from collective improvisation to solo improvisation • best known as a vocalist toward end of career• born into a very poor family in New Orleans• grandson of slaves• Influenced by Creole music• Listening Examples: What are the differences between 1 and 2?– When the Saints Go Marching (version 1)– When the Saints Go Marching (version 2)– What a Wonderful World

• Viewing Example:• High Society with Bing Crosby

• “By and large, jazz (music) has always been like the kinda of man you wouldn’t want your daughter to associate with.”

Duke Ellington

Duke Ellington• 1899-1974• American composer, pianist, and band leader• One of the most influential figures in jazz• Called his style "American Music" rather than jazz • Often composed specifically for the style and skills of

individuals in the band, such as "Concerto for Cootie“ for Cootie Williams

• One of the best-known African-American celebrities of 20th century

• Toured the United States and Europe regularly before and after World War II

• Listening Examples: – In a Sentimental Mood– Concerto for Cootie

Exit Slip- Strange Fruit

• No words here… but tell me what it means.

Exit Slip

• While listening to the following clip (and reading the lyrics), tell me what the following song is about. Also, give me the style.

• Hint: Most jazz songs are narrative (they tell a story)

Exit Slip- (What did I do to be so) Black and Blue

Out in the Street,Shufflin’ feet,Couples passin’ two by two.While here am I, Left high and dry,Black, and ‘cause I’m black I’m blue.

Browns and yellers, All have fellers,Gentlemen prefer them light.Wish I could fade,Can’t make the grade, Nothing but dark days in sight.

Cold empty bed, Springs hard as lead,Pains in my head, Feel like old Ned.What did I do to be so black and

blue?

No joys for me, No company,Even the mouseRan from my houseAll my life through, I’ve been so black and blue

I’m white inside,It don’t help my case,‘Cause I can’t hide what is on my face

I’m so forlorn,Life’s like a thorn,My heart is torn. Why was I born?What did I do to be so black and blue?

Just ‘cause you’re black. Folks think you lack,They laugh at you and scorn you too.What did I do to be so black and blue?

Exit Slip: Strange Fruit Lyrics• Southern trees bear strange fruit,

Blood on the leaves and blood at the root,Black bodies swinging in the southern breeze,Strange fruit hanging from the poplar trees.

Pastoral scene of the gallant south,The bulging eyes and the twisted mouth,Scent of magnolias, sweet and fresh,Then the sudden smell of burning flesh.

Here is fruit for the crows to pluck,For the rain to gather, for the wind to suck,For the sun to rot, for the trees to drop,Here is a strange and bitter crop.

Jack Kerouac

• “Beat” writer of the 1950’s• Pre-Hippie, experimental drug culture• Travel and adventure• On the Road– Most famous work– Semi-autobiographical

• Jazz as in written form – he “played” the typewriter.