V L U E OF EAIBS AS A SPECIFIU OBOUP-CH~RAUTEB. 17

On the value of H&s, a8 a Character in determining the Limits of subordinate Groups of Species, considered in comexion With the Genera Eurybia (Cass.) and 0lem.a (Monch), of Composita. BY WILLIAM ABCHEB, Esq., F.L.8.

[Read March 1, lS60.l

MY attention w&s first directed to the question of the value of hairs, in determining the differences between closely allied species, by a paasage in one of Dr. Lindley's admirable botanical works, ' The Introduction to Botany j ' and I have constantly made use of this character, often finding it of practical application, espe- cially in separating dried specimens. For example, the distinc- tion between Cvasinia aculeata (Br.) and Ozothamnzcs rosntarini- folius (Br.) cannot otherwise be ascertained without an examha- tion of the receptacles of the specimens j but they may be quickly separated by means of the hairs, those on the stem of the former plant being tomentose, while those on that of the latter are arachnoid.

Having perceived that much discussion had taken place aa to the generic difference between Ewybia (Cass.) and Olearia (Monch), I examined the species of both genera within my reach in Tasmania. The result was, that the hairs on the leaves of the (then) reputed Olearie (0. lirarta, fulvida, and Bunniana) proved to be stellate, while those on the leaves of the reputed Euybire (E. argqhylla, viscosa, alpim, &c.) were T-formed. I afterwards found that other species of Eu yb ia had woolly hairs on the leaves, others glandular, and others, again, septate.

By the kindness and liberality (so well known and appreciated) of Sir William Hooker, who permitted me to study the whole of the species of Olearia and Zurybia contained in his unrivalled Herbarium, I was enabled to obtain all the information that I con- sidered necessary to solve the difficulty before me.

Hoviever, I soon discovered that, if I xere to go thoroughly into the subject, 1 should speedily be beguiled into Diplopappus and its allies, and should probably soon find myself deep in other genera, the very names of which were as yet unknown to me.

Therefore I determined to content myself, for the present, with a classification of all the species of Olearia and Eurybia (to the number of Uty-two) of which there were good suites of specimens, according to the form of the hairs on their leaves, and then ascer- tain how far the character derived from the hairs was supported L m . PX0Q.-BOTANY, VOL V. 0

i S MR. W. ABQIIER ON THE VALUE OF IIAIES

bp those afforded by the other organs. The result will be found in the ‘‘ Conspechs ” which concludes this paper.

As to the question of the generic value of the character based upon the uniserial or biserial pappus, it is necessary f i s t to determine the difference between the two,-a point which does not seem to have been satisfactorily decided. In Euybia and Olearia there are two kinds of pappus, which appear at first sight equally bi- serial, but which, nevertheless, are found upon close examination to differ considerably. The one, which is styled “ pappus duplex ” in the following ‘‘ Conspectus,” has two distinct rings of hairs- the inner one composed of long, simple, scabrid bristles, and the outer of short, rather wide, subserratulate ones, more or less con- nate at the base. The other kind of pappus, which I have below called “ subduplex,” consists of one ring of long, simple, scabrid bristles, with a less and varying number of short ones of the same description disposed irregularly on the outside of them, in Home measure alternating with them, and planted closely together with them at the base, but not by any means forming a distinct ring. It does not appear to differ, otherwise than in the shortness and nearly equal length of the bristles, from what is below styled “pappus inEqualis,” the bristles of which are of very unequal length.

The following seven species have the pappus ‘‘ duplex : ”-

Hairs of leaves stellate. Eurybia h a t s (DC.). - fuhida (Cass.). - Gunniana (DC.).

Eurybia rugosa (MueZl.). -- asterotricha (Muell.).

Hairs of leaves divaricato-furcate. Olearia rottindifolia (DC.). Olearia dentata (Monch.).

The following thirteen species hare “ subduplex ’’ p~ppus,

Hairs of leaves T-formed. Eurybin dentata (Hook.fiZ.). Olearia insignis (Hook.$l.).

Olearia pannosa (Hook.). - ? grandiflora (Hook, $1.).

Hairs of leaves stellate. Eurybia hygrophila (DC.).

Hairs of leaves woolly. Olearia Colensoi (Hook.$il.). -- Lyallii (Hook.$l.).

Olearia oporina (Hook.$l.). - angustifolia (Hook.$Z.).

AS A OHARACTER IN BUBYDIA AND OLEADIA. 19

Eurybia ramulosa (DC.). - floribunda (Hook.$Z.).

Eurybia lepidophylla (Hook. p.). - rerophylla (MueZZ.).

Of the seven species with ‘‘ duplex ” pappus, the first four group naturally together. It is a question, by-the-by, whether the second and third are specifically distinct ; they are characterized by paniculate or corymbose heads of middling size, short silky nchenia, duplex reddish-white pappus, and rather large, flat, dentate, stellate-haired leaves. A good natural group is formed by E. vmnulosa and the two following species : it is distinguished by small quasi-racemose heads, short silky nchenia, subduplex albescent pappus, and very small, entire, revolute-mwgined, n-oolly-haired leaves. The best natural poup, however, is that composed of 0. Colensoi and the three following species, which would form a fair genus, and have large solitary or few heads, long villous achenia, subduplex rufescent pappus, and large, fiat, denticdate, woolly-haired leaves. Of the other nine species, 0. rotundifolia and 0. dentata together might, perhaps, form the nucleus of a group, characterized by somewhat large corymbose ( 2 4 ) heads, middling-sized vil lous achenia, duplex rufescent or albescent pappus, and rather large, flat, dentate leaves, with diva- ricato-furcate hairs. Of the remaining seven species, 0. insignis and 0. pamaoaa might, for the present, occupy a position, together with 0. rotwndiflia and 0. dentata, in a genw based upon 0. Colensoi,

Without going further, I may be permitted to remark that, if the subdivision D&lopappe@ (DC.) should be retained, the above seven species with duplex pappus are as much entitled to be placed in it as many of the specie8 of Diplopappw and Diplo- stephim.

It will be noticed that the hairs on almost all the pilose achenia are bifid at the apes ; and I believc this will be found to be the case very extensively among the Coinpositre.

I am not prepared at present to recommend a definite new arrangement of this portion of the division Asterea, but consider myself quite justified in expressing the opinion that a re-arrmge- ment of the genera is very much to be desired. It might probably be founded upon the inflorescence and the size of the capitula, the arrangement and colour of the pappus, the clothing, form, and size of the leaves, ‘and the form and size of the achenia.

If my humble labours should be found to have contributed at to the attainment of u satisfactory result, 1 && deem myself

““ply rewarded. 0 2

20 ME. W. ARUEIEB ON THE VALUE OF HAIR9

EUEYBIA (Cass.) CUM OLEAXIA (Z%zcL.).

SzcZgensrm, sectionum, subsectionlcnzpue Conspectus.

0 I. DICEROTRICHA. Foliorum pili T-formes, vel (in subsectione D.) di- varicato-furcati.

Achenia brevia vel longa, glabra nut laxe (rarissime dense) pilosa; pilis apice bifidis, rarissime glandulosis vel T-formibus. Pappus rnfes- cens, rare albidus, aeqnalis aut inzqualis, vel rarissime sub- duplex. Folia margine plana, sqissime mngna, lata.

A. Capitula parva, corymbosa vel paniculata.

a. Pappus mfescens.

glabratum.

Achenium pilosum vel ylabrum.

Folia lata (1;-3 ad 2-5 unc. longa). 1. Achenium pilosum, rarissime (ut interdum in E. argophylla)

a. Achenii pilis apice bifidis. Capitola minors. (Pappus sequalis.) (Pappiis inzqualis.)

1. E. argophxlla (Cass.). 1. E. nitida (Hook.Ji1.). 3. E. Cuminghamii (Hook.$l.). 4. E. dentata (Hook. $1.).

(Pappus inacqualis.) (Pappus subduplex.)

,9, Achenii pilis T-formibus. 5. E. megalophylla (F. Muell.). (Pappus insequalis.)

2. Achenium glabrum, rarissime (ut in E. viscosa), ad apicem bifido-pilosum. Folia lata (id ad 2-3 unc. longa).

6. E. viscosa (Cass.). 7. E. chrysophylla (DC.). 8. E. erubescens (DC.). 9. E. myrsinoides (Nees).

(Pappus subzqualis.) (Pappus aequalis.)

(Pappus insequalis.) (Pappus inaqualis.)

b. Pappus albidus. Achenium pilosum. I . Polia angusta (2-34 unc. longa), marginibus subrccurvis.

a. Achenii pilis apice bifidis. 10. E. alpicola (3’. Muell.). (Pappus zequalis.)

2. Folia latiora (2-2t unc. longa), marginibus subplanis. a. Achenii pilis glandulosis.

11. E. furfuracea (DC.). (Pappus valde insequalis.) Achenia longitudine mediocria,

pilosa ; pilis apice bifidis et T-formibus, glandulosisve. Pappus rnfescens, sequalis. Folia parvula, luta, margine plana, vel an- gusta, margiuibus revolutis.

a. Acheniipilk apice bifidis, paucisque cornmistis T-formibus. Folia margine plana, latissima ( 3 3 unc. lonya).

12. E. virgata (Hook, j i l . ) .

B. Capitula parva, subverticillata.

AS A CEAIlACTEB IN EVBYBJA AND OLEARIA 21

Folia angusta (A-i unc. longa), mar- b. Achenii pilis glamlulosis. ginibus rwolutis.

13. E, Solandri (Hook.Ji l . ) .

C. Cupitrla majuscula, terniiiialia vel asillaria, solitaria, re1 rarissime ( 2 4 ) corqmbosa. Achenin breiin, ad xpicem pilosa; pilis T-formibus, iufra glaberriiua vel rarissiiuc bifido-pilosa. Pappus rufescens, aqualis re1 inzqualis. Folia pamn, lata, margine plana, vel linearia, margiuibus revolutis.

a. Capitula solitaria, rarius (ut in E. ledifolia) 1- 2-cephalis. 1. Achenium infra npicem glaberrimum. Pappus inxqnalis.

a. Folia lata, margine plana (f+ ad 4-1 unc. longa). 14. E. alpina (Hook.$l.). 15. E. obcordatrt (Hook .31 . ) .

(Cnpitula axillaria.) (Capitula terminalia.)

p. Folia linearia, marginibns revolutis (f-2 ad ;-It unc. longa).

16. E. pinifolia (Hook.$Z.). (Capitula axillaria.) 17. E. ledifolia (A. C u m . ) . ( ,, >) 1

b. Capitula (2-4) subcorymbosa. 1. Acheilium infra apicem sparse bifido-pilosum.

a. Folia lata, margine plana (lg-3 unc. longa).

Pappus aqualis.

18. E. persoonioides (DC.). (Capitula terminalia.)

D. Capitula maxima, terminalia, solitaria, longissime pedunculata, vel rarissime (24 ) corymbosr ; pedunculis breribus longisve. Aclaenia brevia vel longa, villosa; $is omnibus apice bifidis, paucisve rare commistis T-formibus. Pappus rufescens vel rarius plus minusve albidus, inaequalis aut subduplex, duplexvc. Folia magna, lata, margine plana ; pili divaricato-furcati.

Flores magni.

Achenii $is apice bifidis, paucisque commistis T-formibus. Folia lata (1-3 unc. longa). Li- gula elongatse.

a. Pedunculi solitarii, Eongissimi (4-9 unc. longi). Pdppus inequalis subdupleme.

1. Pappus insqualis.

a. Folia crassa.

19. 0. pannosa (Hook.). (Pappus rufescens.)

20. 0.r PandiflOra (Hook. $1.). (Pappus luteo-albidus.) Achcnii pilis omnibus apice bifidis.

Ligulse breves.

@. Folia teuuia.

2. Pappus subduplex. F d a m a p a , latinscula (3-5 unc. lonp) .

21. 0. insiguis (Hook.$l.) . (Pappus rufescens.)

. .

MIL. W. AROIIEB ON T I I I V U U E OF HAIRS

b. Pedunculi (3-4) subcoryinlosi (&3 unc. longi). Flores paiai.

Achcnii pilis omuibus apicc bifidis. Palipus valide duplex.

1. Pappis vnlide tlnplex.

a. Pedunculi brews.

Polia latissims (2-2 IIXC. 101:gn).

23. 0. rotundifolia (DC.). (Pappus rufesccns.)

/3. Pedunculi longi. (Cspitula minora.) 23. 0. ilentata (fi&ch.).

ASTROTRICH A. Folioruni pili stellati.

(Pappus albidus.)

A. Cupitula submediocria, sapissimc corq mbosa vel p~iiiciilata. Achenia brevia vel longs, pilosa, pills apicc bifidis ; rarissin~e glabra. Pappus rufo-albidus vcl albescens, duplex nut sub- duplex, vel inceqnalis. Folia lata vel augusta, inarginibus planis vel revolntis.

a. Puppus valide duplex. Acheniuin sericeuin. 1. Capitula coqmbosa vel paniculata. Plores disci flavi.

Achenium breve.

a. Folia lata (:-2 ad 2-5 unc. longa), marginibus plai~ls. Pappus rufo-albidus.

24. E. (0.) lwata (DC.). 25. E. (0.) fulvida (Cuss.). 26. E. (0.) Gunniaua (DC.).

@. Folia lata ($2 unc. longa), marginibus revolutis. Pappus albescens.

27. E. (0.) rugosa (F. Muell.). 2. Capitula (majora) solitaria, terminalia. Flores disci crerulci !

a. Folia angusta (+-It unc. longa), marginibus rccnrvis. Achenium longum.

Pappus albescens. 25. E. asterotricha (F. JfueZl.).

b. Pappus subduplex inegualisve, albescens. Acheniuin glabrum, vel omnino aut yartim pilosum.

1. Capitula corymbosa.

a. Folia angusta (1-14 UUC. longa), marginibus revolutis. Achenium breve, glabrum.

29. E. hygrophila (DC.). (Pappus subduplex.)

@. Folia lata ( 2 4 unc. louga), marginibus planis. Achenitun

(Pappus inrequalis.)

longum, sericeum.

30. E. avicenniafolia (Hook. $1.).

AB A CIIABACTEB IN EUBYBIA AND OLEARIA.

2. Capitula aolitaria, lateralia, quasi racemosa.

28

a. Folia latissima (i-+ LIUC. longa), marginibus vix recurvis. Achenium longum, dimidio superiore pilosum.

(Pappus vix in- 31. E. nummulariaefolia (Hook. $1.). sequalis.)

5 111. ERIOTRICHA. Foliorumpili lanuti.' A. Capitula parva, solitaria, lateralia, plerumque plurima, saepissime

Achenia brcvin, sericca ; pilis apice bifidis. Folia sacpissimc par-

a. Cupitula subsessilia, vel ad apices ramulorum brevissimorum

Polia plerumquc oblongn.

quasi racemosa. Pappus allidus, subduples inacqualisve. vula, integra, latn vel angusta, marginibus revolutis.

quasi racemosa.

1. Lignlac plus miniisvc l o n p . ( ;T ad 4-2 une. longa).

32. E. ramulosn (DC.). 33. E. floribunda (Hook . f i l . ) . 31. E. lcpidopliylla (DC.). (Pappus subduplcs.) 35. E. subspicata (UC.). 36. E. asillaris (DC.). (Pappus acqualis, vis rufesceus.)

Volia linearia

(Pappus subduplex.) (Pappus subiluplex.)

( Pappus inaequalis.)

2. Ligulae brevissimse (Brachyglossa, DC,). (-&-: unc. louga).

37. E. linearifolia (DC.). ( Pappus inaequalis.) ' b. Capitula ad apices ramulorum longiorum twminalia.

a. Folia suboblouga ($3 une. loiiga). 38. E. pimeleoides (DC.). 39. E. muricata (Steetz).

(Pappus iuaequalis.) (Pappiis valde inacqualis.)

B. Capitula magnn, racemosa, aut rarius (4-4) subcorymbosa, re1 solitaria, terminalia. Achenia longiuscnla, sericea ; pilis apice hifidis. Pnppus subduplex, rufescens. FoZia magna, coriacea, lata re1 angusta, margine plnna.

a. Capitula ra'cemosa; pedunculis nudis. Folia lata (2-4 ad 3-51: unc. longa), marrjnibns subdqdicato-dentatis.

40. 0. Colensoi ( l look. jZ.) . 41. 0. Lysllii (Hook.$l.).

b. Capitula (2-4) subcorymbosa vel solitaria, terminalia ; pedunculis

a. Folin angusta (2-4 unc. loiiga), marginibus minute undu-

(Capitula [2-4] subcoq-ni-

bracleatis.

lato-dentatis.

49. 0. oporina (Hook.fi1.) .

43. 0. angustifolia (Hook.jil.). bosa.)

(Capituln solitaria.)

24 ME. w. ARCHER ON THE CHABACTEBIBTIC VALUE OF HAIRS.

$ Iv. ADENOTRICHA. FoEa viscosu, plerumque glanduloso-pilosa.

A. Capitula mediocria, corymbosa vel solitaria, terminalia, rarissime Achenia hrevia, pilosa ; pilis sepis-

P a p p w requalis vel inacqualis, rufesrens, Folia parva, sepissime angusta, marginibiis

paniculata vel axillaria. sinle apice bifidis. rarius nlbidus. planis vel revolutis.

a. Capitula coymbosa vel paniculata.

1. Achenium sericeum. Folia angiiste linearia (1-1 ad unc. longa), marginibns revolutis.

a. Pappus aequalis, albidus. Capitula corymbosa.

44. E. glandnlosa ( D C . ) . . 6. Pappus inzqualis, rufescens. Capitula paniculata.

45. E. tenuifolia (DC.).

2. Achenium glandulosum. marginibns planis.

Folia linearia ($la unc. longa),

Capitula corymbosa. a. Pappus inaequalis, rufescens.

46. E. linifolia (Hook.$l.).

b. Capitula terminalia et rare m*llaria.

1. Achenium villosum. Pappus ineqiialis.

a. Folia lata (Slf unc. longa). Capitula 1-2, terminalia.

(Pappus albitlus.)

Capitnln solitaria, tcr-

47. E . xerophylla (F. Muell.).

6. Folia angusta (4-1 uuc. longa). roinalia et axillaria, quasi racemosa.

45. E. decurrens (DC.). (Pappus rufescens.)

1. Achcnium scriccnm. Pappus zqualis. a. Folia linearia (i-2 unc. longa). Capitula terminalia,

solitaria.

49. E. ericoides (Steetz). (Pappus rufescens.)

Q V. MERISMOTRICHA. Foliorum pili septati.

A. Capitula magna, paniculata aut subcorymbosa, vel solitaria, termi- nalia. A c h a i a brcviuscula, pilosa ; pilis apice bifidis. Pappus ineqnalis, rufescens. Fdia parra, lata, margine plans, veI angusta, marginibus revolutis.

a. Folia Iata (;-I $ unc. lonya), margine plana. Capitula paniculata; pedunculis 144 unc. longis.

50. E. rudis ( B a t h . ) .

DE. A. BRAY ON I?ISSOLIA, 25

b. Folia angusta (++ ad +a unc. longa), marginihs revolutis. 1. Capitula (4-7) subcorymhosa ; pedanculis 4-1 nnc. longis.

51. E. paucidentata (Steetz). 2. Capitula solitaria ; pedunculis 3-5 unc. longis.

52. E. ciliata (Benth.).

Note on the Species of Nissolia. By ASA GRAY, M.D., F.M.L.S. [Read March 15, 1860.l

IN the ‘ Flora Brasiliensis,’ Mr. Bentham has reduced the three species of IVissoZia proper to one (the N. frzcticosa, Jacq.), and in a foot-note has briefly characterized a second species, N. platycarpa, from Coulter’s Mexican collection. The latter is, as I suppose, the plant which, before the fruit was l a o m , I had described under the name of Chcetocalyx Tislizeni*, and afterwards, on receiving the fruit in Wright’s second New Mexican collection, had still left in that genus, because the fruit of DeCandolle’s genus (at least, of the original species) still remained unknown.

More recently, Dr. Torrey has described and figured another North Mexican species, nearly related to C. Wislizeni, but different in several particulars,--among others, in the calyx-teeth, unless these should vary here as they appear to do in N. fruticosa. The species then are :-

1. N. PRUTICOSA, Jacq.; Benth. in Fl. Brasil., Legum., p. 77, t. 19.

This is No. 194 of Fendler’s Venezuelan collection, in fruit.

2. N. PLATSCARPA, Benth. 1. c. Calycis dentibus snbnlatis tubum sub- rcquantibus ; lcgnmine plano longitudinaliter 1-costato, articulis quadratis distinctis, ala samaroidea rectiuscula articulis latiore et 2-3- plo longiore.

Herbacea, puberula ; foliolis rotundatis subreticulatis ; calycis dentibus subulatis tubo brerioribus ; stamini- bus diadelphis (9 et 1) ; legumine plano longitudinaliter 3-5-nen4, articuhs quadratis ohlongisre distinctis, ala samaroidea parvula sEpius recta articulis parum 1atiore.- Chetocalyx Wislizeni, Gray, P1. Wright. i. p. 51, and ii. p. 45; Torr. Bot. Mes. Bound. p. 56, t. 18. f. 5-7.

* Although Dr. Gray is quite right in referring his Chetoca7yyr WisZizeni to Nissolia, it proves on comparison to be distinct from N. platycarpa, both in the venation of the pod aud in tho terminal wing, which is very much smaller. I hnvc thcrefore inserted, above, a somcwkat fuller diagnosis ofmy N.pZatycaqa. -a. BEN3Hb.M.

3. N. WISLIZENI, A . Gray.