ON Monitoring in Critically Polluted Area (CPA), Korba of ... Technical Report... · • The probability of getting the concentration of PM 10 more than standard value (100 µg/m3)

FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT ON

Monitoring in Critically Polluted Area (CPA), Korba of Chhattisgarh for Assessment of Comprehensive

Environmental Pollution Index (CEPI)

Submitted to

Chhattisgarh Environmental Conservation Board (CECB)

Commercial Complex, Housing Board Colony Kabir Nagar, Raipur- 492099, CG

By Prof. B. C. Meikap

Principal Consultant-in-Charge and Professor

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KHARAGPUR-721 302

JANUARY 2015

FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT ON

Monitoring in Critically Polluted Area (CPA), Korba of Chhattisgarh for Assessment of Comprehensive

Environmental Pollution Index (CEPI)

Submitted to

Chhattisgarh Environmental Conservation Board (CECB)

Commercial Complex, Housing Board Colony Kabir Nagar, Raipur- 492099, CG

By Prof. B. C. Meikap

Principal Consultant-in-Charge and Professor

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KHARAGPUR-721 302

JANUARY 2015

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks to:

Chhattisgarh Environmental Conservation Board (CECB), Chhattisgarh for giving us an

opportunity to carry out the CEPI project in various industrial and mining locations in Korba.

Mr. Devendra Singh , Member Secretary, Mr. R. P. Tiwari of CECB Head Office, Regional Officer of Korba,

Mr. Syndhey , Mr. Mishra and other staff members of Korba Regional Office for extending all supports and

assistance for the successful completion of the monitoring work and the project.

All Heads/ Plant-in-Charges/Directors/Environment Engineers of NTPC, CSEB(E), CSEB(W),

BALCO, LANCO, DIPKA MINES , SECCL for their support, manpower, proving documents/online

monitoring data/ site inspection and visits during monitoring in the critically polluted area of Korba

irrespective of days and time including Saturday, Sunday and holidays.

My team members including Prof. N. C. Pradhan, Head of the Department for all types of

administrative support. Prof. Satyabrata Mohanta of IGIT Sarang, Mr. D. Sakha, Mr. Gopal Chanda, Mr. P.

Guha, Mr. T. Bera, Md. H. H. Sardar, Mr. Santosh Ghosh, Ms. Manisha Bal, Mr. Saurav Rath, Mr. Rishav

Chand, Mr. Krishna Prasad Pradhan,, Mr. A. K. Meikap, Mr. S. Biswas , Mr. Bishu Hari Pradhan, Mr. J.

Chakraborty, Mr, J, Doley, Mr. B. Jana and other supporting staffs for their untiring support to complete the

project

All my PhD and M. Tech. students and summer trainees students those who were involved in this

project for their help.

Mr. Shakha, Mr. B. Jana, Ms. Manisha Bal and all other staff members of Chemical Engineering

Department, IIT-Kharagpur for their needful help in completing the analysis work in time.

At last but not the least, I would like to express my special thanks to Dean(SRIC), Director(IIT

Kharagpur) , Chairman, Member Secretary and Mr. R. P. Tiwari of Chhattisgarh Environmental

Conservation Board (CECB), Chhattisgarh for providing all administrative support and guidance to

complete the project

Prof. B. C. Meikap

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the content of the report entitled " Monitoring in Critically Polluted Area (CPA), Korba of Chhattisgarh for Assessment of Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index (CEPI) " submitted to Chhattisgarh Environmental Conservation Board (CECB), Chhattisgarh is based on the field monitoring data collected by IIT Kharagpur team members during May 2014 to December 2014 of Air, Water, Soil and Noise and other technical data collected and analysis by IIT Kharagpur and supplied by industries , inspection, observations and calculations in the Critical Polluted Area of Korba. The final Technical Report contains the typical monitoring data collected, individual CEPI and overall CEPI. The data presented in this report are actual typical representation of environmental data and collected only the above duration of periods and may vary with time.

( Prof. B. C. Meikap) Principal Consultant-in-Charge IIT Kharagpur

CONTENT

Item Page No.

1 Introduction 1

2 Air Quality Monitoring 3

2.1 Sources of Air Pollution 3

2.2 Different pollutants present in air 4

2.3 Particulate Matter (PM10) 4-8

2.4 Oxides of Nitrogen and Sulphur 9

2.5 Equipment for Analysis of Air Pollutants 10

2.6 Typical Air Quality Data 10

2.7 Comparison between IIT KGP AQM and Online Monitoring Station Readings

11

3 Water Quality Monitoring 11

3.1 Different Pollutants present in Water 12

3.2 Parameters defining water quality 14

3.3 Typical Water Quality Data 19-26

4 Noise Pollution 27

4.1 Typical Noise Level Data 29-36

5 Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index 37

5.1 Assumptions 38

5.2 Calculation of CEPI 38

5.3 Air 38

5.4 Water 40

5.5 Land 42

5.6 Overall 43-45

6 Conclusions 46

7 References 46

1. Introduction Korba popularly known as power hub of India, is located at 82° 42' 30" E longitude and 22° 21' N latitude in the eastern part of Chhattisgarh State. It is on the left bank of the Hasdeo River, a major tributary of Mahanadi River. As Per CPCB it is one of the 24 critically polluted areas.

Figure 1 – Map of Korba ( Study Area)

1

Table 1 Industry classification and distribution

Large Medium Small

Highly Polluting Industries 07 01 Nil

Red Cataegory Industries 07 01 04

Mines 04 Nil Nil

In the study area townships of NTPC, CSEB (East), CSEB (West), BALCO and Small Industrial Area of Korba are considered. In this area important places like Hasdeo River and Barrage, Various Ash Dyke of Power Plants, Belgiri Nallah, Dengur Nallah and Township of Korba are present.

1.1 Major Industries in Korba (Situated within the Critical Area)

I. M/S N.T.P.C. Ltd., Korba Super Thermal Power Station, Jamnipali, Korba (3x200=600 MW+3x500 = 1500 MW - Total 2100 MW)

II. M/S Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board (CSEB), Hasdeo Thermal Power Station, Korba (West), Korba (4x210 = 840 MW) 3- M/S Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board (CSEB),

Korba Thermal Power Station, Korba (East), Korba

(4x50=200 MW+2x120 =240 MW = Total 440 MW)

III. M/S Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board (CSEB), Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Thermal Power Plant Korba (East), Korba (2x250=500 MW)

IV. M/S Bharat Aluminium Co. Ltd., Balco Nagar, Korba (Aluminium Smelter Plant [Alumina-3,30,000 TPA & Hot Metal (Fabrication)-3,70,000 TPA])

V. M/S Bharat Aluminium Co. Ltd., Balco Nagar, Korba (CPP-2) (4 x 135 = 540 MW)

VI. M/S Bharat Aluminum Company Limited (CPP-1) Balco Captive Power Plant, Jamnipali, Korba (4 x 65.5 = 270 MW)

VII. M/S Gevra Open Cast Mines, SECL, Korba (35 MTPA) M/S Dipka Open Cast Mines, SECL, Korba (25 MTPA)

VIII. M/S Kusmunda Open Cast Mines, SECL, Korba (10 MTPA)

M/S Lance Amarkantak Power Private Limited, Village-Pathadi, Tehsil-Korba, Korba (2x300 MW TPP)

2

1.2 Expansion units under construction, which have been granted environmental clearance before government of india notification dated 13/01/2010 (Situated Within the Critical Area)

1. M/S N.T.P.C. Ltd., Korba Super Thermal Power Station, Jamnipali, Korba (1x500=500 MW)

2. M/S Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board,

3. Hasdeo Thermal Power Station, Korba (West), Korba (1x500 = 500 MW) 4. M/S Bharat Aluminium Co. Ltd., Balco Nagar, Korba (4x300 = 1200 MW) 5. M/S Bharat Aluminium Co. Ltd., Balco Nagar, Korba (1x300 = 300 MW)

6. M/S Bharat Aluminium Co. Ltd., Balco Nagar, Korba (Alumina Smelter-5.5 LTPA)

7. M/S Lance Amarkantak Power Private Limited, Village-Pathadi, Tehsil-Korba, Korba (660 MW + 660 MW TPP)

8. M/S lndo Sponge Power & Steel Private Limited, Rajgamar Road, Korba (Sponge lron-

100 TPD) 9. M s Himadri Chemicals Industries, Jaghara, Korba (Liquid Coal Tar Pitch-30,000 TPD)

10. SSI Industries located in the industrail area Korba are mainly- a. M/S Shiva Industries b. M/S Star Ferro Alloys c. M/S R.R. Ferro Alloys d. M/S Bhajanka Ferro Alloys e. M/S Vinay Industries f. M/S Jaiswal Oxides

2. Air Quality Monitoring 2.1. Sources of Air Pollution

• The main sources of industrial air pollution are Coal Based Power Plants and Smelter Plant of BALCO.

• This area also comprises of large open cast mines of SECL i.e. Dipka, Gevra and Kusmunda.

The main source of problem of fugitive emission in Korba are as below:

i. Large scale transportation of coal ii. Blowing of fly ash from ash pond specially during summer season iii. Un-organized burning of coal in the areas Le. Sitamani, Parsabhata iv. Heavy vehicular traffic

3

2.2. Different pollutants present in air The unwanted substances that are present in air which cause damage to human life and ecology are called air polutants. Some of pollutants that are abundant in Korba, Chattisgarh are discussed below. 2.2.1. Particulate matter (PM10)

Particulate matter concentrations refer to fine suspended particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing significant health damage.

(a)

4

(b)

(c)

5

(d)

(e)

Figure 2 Concentration of PM 10 (ug/m3) in Ambient Air at (a) Employees’ Development Center (EDC), Indian Coffe House (ICH) and Expert Club, (b) Dhanras, (c) Manikpur, (d) Dipka Guest

House and (e) CSEB Guest House in Summer Season

6

Listed below are certain observations that can be made from the graphs displayed above

• The probability of getting the concentration of PM10 more than standard value (100 µg/m3) at Expert Club is 1/3.

• 66.67 % of the readings of concentration of PM10 at Dhanras (mean concentration of 121.31 ug/m3) have higher reading than standard value.

• The concentration of PM10 at Manikpur is beyond limit for eight consecutive days and has a mean concentration of 174.98 ug/m3.

• The probability of getting the concentration of PM10 more than standard value (100 µg/m3) at Dipka Guest House is 7/8.

• A lot of variation of concentration of PM10 is seen at CSEB Guest House. It can be seen that the mean concentration is 87.27 ug/m3 (Within Limits).

The figures below show the variation of PM10 in Ambient Air for different dates and locations for Post – Summer Months.

7

Figure 3 - Concentration of PM 10 (ug/m3) in Ambient Air for post Summer Months for some locations

Figure 4 Boxplot for Concentration of PM10 (ug/m3) in ambient air at five different locations Inference The box plot is constructed on the basis of at least 6 readings of concentrations of PM10. Listed below are certain observations that can be made from the figure displayed above

• The most variation in the concentration can be seen at Dipka. The reason can be due to increase in traffic or wind velocity in some days resulting in increase in concentration of PM10.

• The least variation is seen at Kushumunda and Dhanras.

8

2.2.2. NOX and SO2 Sulphur dioxide is a colourless gas with a pungent and suffocating odour. Fossil fuel combustion locations particularly coal burning power plants and vehicles emit sulphur dioxide to air. It can cause severe burns, resulting in the loss of vision. The maximum limit in ambient air is 80 ug/m3. Nitrogen dioxide is toxic by inhalation. People who live near combustion sources such as power plants or areas of high motor vehicle usage, or live in households that burn a lot of wood or use kerosene heaters or gas stoves may be exposed to higher levels of nitrogen oxides. The maximum limit in ambient air is 80 ug/m3.

Equipment for Analysis of Air Pollutants

7.1. Particulate Matter

Figure 10 – (a) Respirable Dust Sampler (b) Online Air Quality Monitor (AQM 60)

Method of Measurement – Respirable Dust Sampler Volumetric Filtration – Sampling a volume of air through a medium of filter at a specific flow rate of air for a stipulated time

Oxides of Nitrogen and Sulphur Method of Measurement – AQM 60 It has an integrated multi-gas monitor capable of delivering high quality data. The features are:

• Analytic Gas Sensitive Semiconductor (GSS) technology • Multi-gas monitoring (up to six gases) • High quality data in real-time

9

Table 2 Temperature and Concentrations of oxides of Nitrogen and Sulphur (ug/m3) present in

various locations in Ambient Air

Locations

(Within 15 km of Korba)

Ambient Temperature (deg

C)

Concentration of Oxides (ug/m3)

NO2 SO2

Agarkhar 39.3 50.306 86.126

BALCO Guest House 41.3 60.908 16.841

Balgi Market 35.4 55.695 48.752

Bhadrapara 43.5 53.693 83.422

Bhawani Mandir 40 60.723 65.259

Budhbari Bazar 43 59.729 43.348

Central Workshop, Gevra 40.3 68.277 40.526

Chenpur, Dipka 46.1 62.983 38.351

Church Complex, Kushumunda

32.8 64.643 41.944

Churi Chowk 39.7 66.056 35.119

CSEB Colony Market 35.6 70.616 49.840

CSP Colony 30.4 69.156 15.747

Darri Police Station 31.1 64.481 33.490

Dhanras 29 64.660 9.989

Dipka Market 25.8 53.909 36.641

Employees’ Development Centre

33.4 62.045 9.658

Filter Chowk, Rajgahmar 40.85 58.344 31.835

GET Hostel 40.3 54.685 13.104

Godhi Market 35.3 62.767 66.012

Gopalpur 27.7 70.073 1.984

10

IBP Chowk 31 81.517 34.654

Indian Coffee House 44.1 56.000 16.000

Indra Market, BALCO 30.6 66.720 7.724

ITI College 38.3 59.279 46.895

Lotlota 27 68.123 7.769

Manikpur Bazar 37 64.507 38.239

NTPC Market, Krishna Vihar 37.5 65.776 29.792

Pandripani 26.6 71.627 3.391

Parsabhatha Market 30.4 76.483 46.846

Patadi, LANCO 48.5 56.677 52.110

Petrol Pump, TP Nagar 49.9 62.962 26.792

Purankhar 27.5 64.829 7.518

Rajgahmar Coal Mine 41.5 54.522 45.100

Rishdi Chowk 38.4 66.791 72.566

SADA Colony 36.8 60.622 11.356

Sarangbudiya Chowk 44.8 55.404 58.782

SBI Market, BALCO 30.6 80.267 28.510

Sitamani 39.6 68.553 39.361

Urga Chowk 50 61.414 46.833

From Table 2, it is clear that the average concentrations of the oxides of Nitrogen and Sulphur are 63.483 and 35.595 ug/m3 respectively. Both the concentrations of oxides exceed the standard value of 80 ug/m3 by two times at different locations.

11

Figure 5 Boxplot for Concentration of oxides of Nitrogen and Sulphur in Ambient Air (ug/m3) As shown in Figure 5, a lot of variation of concentration of SO2 as can be seen. The reason for the variation can be burning of coal in the open, high vehicular transportation at some times of the day.

(a)

12

(b)

Figure 6 Concentrations of oxides of Nitrogen and Sulphur in Ambient Air (ug/m3) for Post

Summer Months (a) September and (b) November

13

2.2.3. COMPARISON BETWEEN IIT KGP AQM AND ONLINE MONITORING STATION READINGS

Table 3 Ambient Air Pollutants concentration for IIT KGP AQM readings and SECL Dipka

Online monitoring station readings.

IIT KGP AQM READINGS

Temperature PM10 NO2 SO2

May – June 36.947 185.031 63.483 35.595

September 32.762 - 23.637 62.775

November 30.491 153.384 82.212 57.507

SECL Dipka AQM Readings (Average)

Temperature PM10 NOx SO2

June 17.421 100.169 23.333 8.470

July 22.328 111.466 25.154 9.044

August 25.093 112.148 25.547 9.234

September 20.041 108.217 21.226 10.448

October 20.197 74.616 11.433 11.209

November 19.038 73.988 2.929 15.632

14

3. Water Quality Monitoring Introduction:

The sources of water pollution are mainly due to two types. These are industrial - ash pond overflow water from coal based power plants and domestic - Colonial waste from township of the power units as well as Korba township. As a result of this the impact on surrounding area is observed. The quality of the river water is affected due to disposal of ash pond overflow which joins river water. The major water polluting industries in the area/cluster are presently 06 coal based thermal power plants and an aluminium smelter unit situated in the critically polluted area at Korba. The main source of water pollution is the overflow of ash pond in all the power plants. Effluent Disposal Methods - Recipient water bodies etc. • Traditional treatment of ash slurry method is being used in the all the power plants having ash pond with discharge shaft. • The ash slurry gets· settled in the ash pond and decanted/supernatent water is either recycled or discharged into the near-by nallah. • All the ash ponds are situated near the natural streams/river such as Dengur Nallah, Belgiri Nallah, Jharia Nallah which ultimately joins into the downstream of the Hasdeo river. • NTPC, LANCO, CSEB expansion project power plants have total recirculation system for ash pond overflow water. BALCO (CPP-2) has established High Concentrated Slurry System for disposal of ash slurry. As per the present scenario, River Hasdeo is the main water body in Korba which receives industrial as well as domestic effluent. Since the coal based power plant ash contains certain heavy metals and harmful elements and it leached out to nearby surface water, river water, tube well water and other sources of water and causes environmental degradation.

3.1. Different Pollutants present in Water Water has many different chemicals are regarded as pollutants, ranging from simple inorganic ions to complex organic molecules.

15

Table 4 Various pollutants present in Water along with their Standard Values

Various Pollutants Units Standard Values

pH No units 6.5 to 8.5

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/L 6

Arsenic (As) mg/L 0.05

Iron (Fe) mg/L 0.3

Calcium / Magnesium (Ca/Mg) mg/L 3

Zinc (Zn) mg/L 15

16

17

3.2. Parameters defining water quality

3.2.1. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) DO levels in natural waters and wastewaters depend on physical, chemical and biological activities in water bodies. The following illustrations reveal importance of DO as a parameter:

• It is necessary to know DO levels to assess quality of raw water and to keep a check on stream pollution.

• In wastewaters, dissolved oxygen is the factor that determines whether the biological changes are brought out by aerobic or anaerobic organisms.

3.2.2. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) The Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is an empirical standardized laboratory test which measures oxygen requirement for aerobic oxidation of decomposable organic matter and certain inorganic materials in water, polluted waters and wastewater under controlled conditions of temperature and incubation period. 3.2.3. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) test determines the oxygen requirement equivalent of organic matter that is susceptible to oxidation with the help of a strong chemical oxidant. 3.2.4. Metals The major hazardous metals present in water that have adverse impact on health are lead, mercury, chromium, cadmium, copper and aluminium. Their source is mostly anthropogenic- industrial activity, vehicles, etc. Natural causes like seepage from rocks, volcanic activity and forest fires can also contribute. Minerals like fluoride and arsenic salts are of natural origin, but human activity can also aggravate the situation. The typical water monitoring data is presented in the following Table during post-monsoon season.

18

Table 5 Typical Water Quality Data during Post-Monsoon

Date Place Water Source pH Conductivity TDS (ppm) Salinity

(ppm) DO

30.08.2014

Sarba Mangala Mandir Cannel 7.21 114 81.7 58.7 _

Urga, Kudur Mal Village Cannel 7.22 98 70 51.8 _

CSEB Ash Dyke, Pandri pani Outlet 6.61 216 154 106 _

NTPC Ash Dyke Outlet 6.77 325 231 158 _

Kudur Mal Village, Vatapara Hand pump 6.11 245 174 116 _

01.09.2014

Manik pur Hand pump 5.8 223 160 109 _

Porri Bahar Hand pump 5.58 693 493 340 _

Hansdeo River, Darri Dam Up Stream 7.05 106.8 75.8 55.5 _

Chhuri Bus stand Hand pump 6.05 876 622 430 _

Dhanrash Ash Dyke Outlet 6.66 190 136 94.1 _

Gopal Pur Hand pump 6.25 448 319 218 _

02.09.2014

Niharika Hand pump 5.05 505 359 245 _

Budhbari Bazar Hand pump 6.42 930 666 461 _

Kohordia Hand pump 6.11 189 135 93 _

Kohordia Char Para Hand pump 6.25 918 651 450 _

03.09.2014

Bhaisma BaZar Chwak Hand pump 6.35 941 667 462 _ Chitapali Pond 6.85 135.5 96.2 68.2 _ Bhaisma Hospital Hand pump 6.41 348 247 168 _ Bhaisma Higher Secondary School Hand pump 6.07 606 429 294 _ Bhaisma Bazar Chwak Pond 7.01 295 210 143 _ Bhaisma, Bhog sing Kumar House Open Well 6.51 958 683 474 _

Bhaisma Collage Submersible Pump 6.18 387 274 187 _

Kukri Choli primary School(Under Rajib Gandhi Sikha Mission) Hand pump 6.61 955 679 471 _

Urga Rail way Gate Hand pump 6.56 530 375 256 _ Urga Chawk Hand pump 6.35 1318 935 656 _ Jamni pali Hand pump 7 707 501 345 _ Semi Pali Primary School Hand pump 7 1294 919 645 _

19

Sumedha Hand pump 6.83 602 427 292 _ Salia Vata Hand pump 5.6 81.7 58 44.3 _ Sura Kachhar Ahiran River River 7.6 133.6 94.8 67.4 _

04.09.2014

Korkoma Hand pump 5.51 153 108 75.5 _ Korkoma Saraswati Primary School Hand pump 6.15 237 168 115 _ Korkoma Higher Secondary School Hand pump 5.21 52 37.2 31.7 _ Korkoma Gram Panchayet Office Hand pump 6.03 212 150 104 _ Korkoma Shib Mandir Pond 8.91 107.8 76.3 55.9 _ Banki, Shakti Chawk Hand pump 7.09 700 497 342 _ Telsara Angan wari kendra Hand pump 7.25 632 446 305 _ Banki Magra main road, Sabji Market Hand pump 5.75 838 594 409 _

05.09.2014

Chhirhut, Dedol vata Hand pump 7.25 1050 745 520 _ Chhirhut Ahiran River River 7.4 82.8 58.8 44.9 _ Gopal Pur Primary School Hand pump 6.44 445 315 214 _ Dedol vata Madhyamik School Hand pump 6.35 191.2 135 93.7 _ Dedol vata Sanskritik Bhaban Hand pump 6.14 371 263 179 _ Birbhat Hand pump 6.55 440 312 212 _ Pandri pani Sanskritik Mancha Hand pump 6.51 1050 744 516 _ Pandri pani Gram Panchayet Office Hand pump 6.05 181.2 129 89.7 _ Chor Bhatti, I B P Chawk Hand pump 6.02 458 324 221 _ Gopal Pur Madhyamik School Hand pump 6.15 481 341 233 _

06.09.2014

Bhalai Bazar Madhyamik School Hand pump 6.92 860 614 423 _ Bhalai Bazar Chawk Pond 7.35 163 116 81.3 _

Bhalai Bazar H S School Sub Marshible Pump

6.2 448 317 216 _

Narai Bodh S G F High School Hand pump 6.6 119 83.6 60 _ Gevra Basti Chawk Hand pump 6.58 306 216 147 _

07.09.2014 Hansdeo River, Bango Dam Up Stream 8.41 97.1 69.1 51.5 6.6 Hansdeo River, Bango Dam Down Stream 7.51 81.8 61.6 46.7 5.2 BALCO Belgiri Basti Cannel 7.57 104.2 73.9 54.2 7.1

08.09.2014

Chor vatti Primary School Hand pump 6.81 245 174 119 5.5 Purenakhar High School, Lota Ash dyke Area Hand pump 6.55 259 184 125 5.5

Lat lota Village Hand pump 5.8 256 180 122 3.4 C S E B Lat lota Ash dyke Outlet 7.4 240 170 116 6.6 C S E B Lat lota Ash dyke(With Ash) Outlet 7.25 237 168 115 10.1 Kohordia char para, Darri dam Down Stream 7.31 93.5 66.4 49.3 7.8

09.09.2014

Rogbahar A J K Primary School Hand pump 5.51 3.6 217 148 7.9 Chuiha, BALCO Side Nallah 7.01 32.9 23.3 23.1 5.8 Dugu para, Chuiha Primary School Hand pump 6.2 500 353 240 5.5 Parsha vata Siskha Niketan High School Hand pump 6.05 575 416 284 7.5

20

Bhadra para Chawk, samudaik Bhaban Hand pump 7.51 365 260 176 4.2

10.09.2014

Ajgar Bahar High School Hand pump 7.31 520 372 253 4.8 Ajgar Bahar Nallah 7.25 28.5 20.1 21.5 5.1 Sonpuri Madhyamik Vidyalaya Hand pump 6.25 196 139 96 3.9 Sonpuri Madhyamik Vidyalaya Pond 6.48 49.3 34.8 30.4 5.4

Jam Bahar Gram Panchayet Office Sub Marshible Pump

6.01 232 164 113 5.8

Hansdeo River, Darri Dam Down stream 7.21 89.9 66.5 49.3 4.9 Belgiri Nallah, Kohordia Char para Nallah 7.45 116 83 60.1 6.3

11.09.2014 Sitamari Rail way station cannel Cannel 7.4 91 64.5 48.5 7.2 Sanjoy Nagar Hand pump 6.25 470 333 226 8.5

12.09.2014

Bhaisma Bazar Chawk Hand pump 6.3 895 636 440 7 Bhaisma H S School Hand pump 6.05 530 375 255 6.1 Bhaisma Anjaripal Hanuman Mandir Pond 7.32 209 148 102 6.6 Kurudi Village, Dong Nallah Nallah 6.9 76.9 54.6 42.7 7.6 Urga Chawk Hand pump 6.55 655 497 342 5.6 Gita Beli, Korba Station Road Hand pump 5.81 371 263 180 7.5

13.09.2014

Hardi Bazar Bus Stand Hand pump 6.25 309 219 149 5.8 Ralia Bus stand Open Well 5.15 288 197 133 6.9 Gevra Basti Chawk Hand pump 6.45 370 265 181 3.5 Kusmunda Imli Chhapar Chawk Hand pump 5.01 681 486 334 5.9

Bhairotal, Chhurakachhar Submersible Pump 5.71 475 334 227 5.7

Ahiran River, Chhura kachhar Bridge River 7.33 107 76.4 56.1 5.4

14.09.2014

S T P P Koloni (Near Get) Hand pump 6.98 3.5 214 147 5.9 Shyam Nagar Sada Koloni Hand pump 6.75 189 127 88.2 5.6 Shwas Purba Madhyamik School, Latha Hand pump 7 540 384 262 6.2

15.09.2014

Kukri choli primary School(Under Rajib Gandhi SiSkha Mission) Hand pump 6.41 850 615 426 8.9

Kukri Choli Gram Panchayet Office Hand pump 6.42 241 170 117 6.5 Urga Rail way Gate Hand pump 6.21 540 360 251 7.5 Urga, Kudur Mal Village Cannel 7.15 89.4 49.8 44.1 5.9 Urga, Semipali Sahoo tala pond Pond 7.01 219 153 107 5.4 Barbas Pur Nallah Nallah 7.05 102 71.6 53.7 6 Rumgorda Durga Mandir Cannel Cannel 7.4 133.8 92 67.2 6.4

16.09.2014

Hansdeo River, Sarbamangala Mandir River 7.5 135 95.7 681 5.9

Sarba Mangala Mandir Cannel 7.21 91 64.9 50 5.2 Bhalai Bazar Chawk Hand pump 6.65 370 260 178 4.1 Kusmunda Kabir Chawk Hand pump 6.05 231 167 116 6 Sumedha Angan Wardi Kendra Hand pump 6.98 610 433 297 5.8 Ahiran River Semi pali Bridge River 7.41 114.4 81.4 594 5.4 Banki chhura kachhar Hospital Hand pump 6.51 660 471 324 6.8

21

18.09.2014

Danr Parda Jan Joti Primary School Hand pump 7.11 470 334 228 5.5 Nabagaon Angan Wardi Kendra Open Well 6.75 300 214 146 5.6 C S E B Jhabu Ash daik, Nabagaon Outlet 6.81 104.8 74.5 54.5 4.4 Lat lota A J K Primary School Hand pump 6.31 248 178 122 3.9 Dhanrash Ash daik, NTPC White House Outlet 6.01 182.5 130 90.2 5.2

19.09.2014 Darri Main Road, Darri Hand pump 6.01 1040 740 510 7.2 Hansdeo River, Darri Dam Up Stream 7.02 97.2 69 51.7 5.2 Chhuri Bus stand Hand pump 5.91 740 520 358 7.2 The water quality during winter also monitored and the data collected are summarized in the following Table.

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Table 6 Water Quality Data during Winter

Date Place Source of Water pH Conductivity TDS (ppm)

Salinity (ppm) DO

08.11.2014

Dhorhi para Open Well 6.15 393 279 190 6.1

Dhorhi para Hand pump 5.61 271 191 130 5.8

Korba Station Soni Mandir Cannel 7.81 103.3 73.3 53.9 4.9

Sanjoy Nagar, Nahar pard Station Road Hand pump 6.31 88.5 62.8 47.2 4.5

09.11.2014

Korkoma Shibnagar Primary School Hand pump 6.71 145 102 72 4.8

Korkoma Gram Panchayet Office Hand pump 6.41 219 155 106 4.3

Jhagraha Jana Shiskha Kendra Hand pump 6.45 147 104 72.3 4.8

Korkoma Shib Mandir Pond 8.61 139 99.2 70.2 4.6

Korkoma Jharna Jharna 6.51 41.51 29.4 26.8 4.3

10.11.2014

Dhelwadi High School Submersible Pump 5.91 67.1 47.3 37.9 4.8

Patrapali Primary School Hand pump 6.21 259 184 125 5.3

Chhuri Bus stand Hand pump 6.15 640 454 310 6.5

Dhelwadi Ahiran River River 7.21 137.5 97.8 69.3 5

11.11.2014

Lanco Patadi Chawk Hand pump 6.28 387 274 186 6.5

Urga Purba Madhyamik Vidyalaya Hand pump 6.31 540 382 260 6.3

Urga Purba Madhyamik Vidyalaya Open Well 6.81 536 380 259 6.2

Urga Chawk Hand pump 6.25 975 700 484 7.1 Barbas Pur Dong Nallah Nallah 7.61 95 67 50.5 5.1 Barbas Pur Chawk Hand pump 6.51 210 149 102 5.4

12.11.2014

Indira Nagar, Jamnipali samudyke Bhaban Hand pump 6.71 3.6 216 147 4.7

Indira Nagar, Jamnipali samudyke Bhaban Open Well 5.91 409 291 198 5.5

Semi Pali Primary School Hand pump 6.92 730 518 353 5.9 Sumedha, Naodha Pandal Chawk Hand pump 6.85 690 485 333 5.6

sumedha high School Hand pump 7.11 710 502 342 5.6

23

Sumedha Garda Ghat Nallah Nallah 7.61 227 160 110 5.2

13.11.2014

Nabagaon, Jhabu Ash Dike Outlet 7.65 193.6 136 93.4 3.9

Nabagaon Gram Panchayet Office Hand pump 6.61 460 326 223 4.4

C S E B Cooling tower Outlet Nallah 7.32 100 71.2 54 4

14.11.2014

Latlota Anganwari Kendra Open Well 6.41 265 188 128 4.2

Latlota Anganwari Kendra Hand pump 6.15 359 254 173 4.8

Latlota Ash Dike Outlet Outlet 7.4 219 156 107 4 Dhanrash Ash dike Outlet Outlet 5.85 262 187 128 4.2

Dhanrash primary School Hand pump 6.51 317 227 155 4 Dhanrash Gram Panchayet Office Open Well 6.21 620 442 280 4.5

15.11.2014

Chhirhut sanskritik Mancha Hand pump 6.71 1350 970 690 5.8

Chhirhut Ahiran River River 7.71 158 114 78.8 4.5 Dedol Vata Anganwari Kendra Hand pump 6.81 465 332 225 4.6

Birbhat Primary School Hand pump 6.51 163 115 80 4.9 Pandri Pani Gram Panchayet Office Hand pump 6.61 330 235 160 4.5

16.11.2014

Guruwari Bazar HTPP Darri Hand pump 7.51 458 323 219 4.5

Ram Nagar Shahimurdi High School Hand pump 7.31 345 242 165 4.2

Chor vatti IBP Chawk Hand pump 6.61 310 220 150 5 Baheri Murda Samudyke Bhaban Hand pump 6.21 330 235 160 4.9

Baheri Murda Hand pump 6.41 320 225 155 4.4

17.11.2014

Pordi Bahar Primary School Hand pump 5.51 315 220 153 4.9

Kharmora Primary School Hand pump 5.35 108 77 56 4

Chhuri Kala High School Hand pump 6.05 204 145 100 4.2

Banchar Village Sub Marshible Pump 6.09 313 222 151 5

18.11.2014

Rajgamar Main Road Auto stand

Sub Marshible Pump 6.25 439 320 218 4.2

Rajgamar High School Sub Marshible Pump 6.01 111 78.6 57 3.7

Rajgamar Pulak Dai River River 6.98 49.5 35.2 28.7 3.5 Risdi Chawk Hand pump 5.61 56 40 33 3.5

24

Risdi Chawk Petrol Pump Pond 6.48 160 113 79.3 3.9

19.11.2014

Durpa Road Debangan Para Hand pump 6.51 1160 822 575 5.3

Sarba Mangala Mandir Cannel Cannel 7.81 128 91 66 4.4

Sarba Mangala Mandir Hansdeo River River 7.62 147 104 72.8 4.5

Durpa Madhyamik School Hand pump 6.21 149 106 74 4.2

Parsha Vata Shibmandir Hand pump 6.41 941 673 465 5.5

20.11.2014

Daihan para Chawk Hand pump 8.01 600 424 291 4.1 Daihan para Open Well 6.81 840 594 410 4.7 Keshat pur Primary School Hand pump 7.35 262 186 125 3.9

Manik pur Bazar Hand pump 6.31 255 180 124 4.6 Daihan para Pond Pond 8.25 702 497 343 4.4 Pordimar C S E B East Ash Dyke Outlet 7.54 217 154 105 3.9

21.11.2014

Bhaisma Bazar Chawk Hand pump 6.41 580 430 296 5 Bhaisma Bazar Pond 7.73 247 175 119 4.1 Kukri choli Hand pump 6.51 465 330 225 4.4 Gordi Higher Secondary School Hand pump 6.02 196 134 92 4.2

Pandri pani CSEB East Outlet Outlet 6.48 245 175 118 3.9

Satnam Nagar Dengur Nallah Nallah 7.51 90 64 47 3.8

22.11.2014

SECL Murda Pard Bazar Sub Marshible Pump 6.12 316 224 153 4.3

Pathari Pra Chhat ghat, BALCO Road

Sub Marshible Pump 6.01 501 355 241 4.6

Kusmunda Project Primary School Hand pump 6.71 97 68 50 3.6

Dengur Nallah, Pathari Pra Chhat ghat, BALCO Road

Nallah 7.25 104 73 53 3.9

Kusmunda Chawk Hand pump 5.92 209 147 101 4.5

23.11.2014

Kudurmal High School Hand pump 6.82 525 371 255 4.2 Kudurmal Chawk Urga Cannel Cannel 7.75 152 108 74 3.6

Patadi Primary School Sub Marshible Pump 6.15 456 325 221 4.2

Darri Dam Up Stream 7.81 102 73 53 3.7 Darri Dam Down Stream 7.51 99 71 51 4 Urga semipali Sahoo tala Pond Pond 7.62 226 160 110 3.8

Rumgarda Durga Mandir Cannel Cannel 7.61 101 73 53 3.5

Rumgarda Durga Mandir Hand pump 6.51 335 238 162 4

25

24.11.2014

Banki Mongra Chawk Hand pump 6.37 340 241 163 4.6 Banki Main Mine Outlet Outlet 7.62 163 116 81 4.5 Gurudewa High School Hand pump 6.31 582 416 283 5 Ahiran River, Ananda Nagar Chawk River 7.92 242 171 116 4.1

25.11.2014

Belgiri Nallah, Belgiri Basti Chawk, BALCO Road

Nallah 8.31 131 93 64 4

Gevra Basti, Kubir Chawk Hand pump 6.71 155 111 77 4.8 Imli Chhapar Chawk Hand pump 5.25 355 251 170 4.1 Ananda Nagar Chawk, Surakachhar Main Road Hand pump 7.21 313 222 151 4.2

26.11.2014 Sitamandi Chawk Hand pump 6.62 644 458 314 5

Korba Bus Stand Sub Marshible Pump 6.27 251 179 123 5.1

27.11.2014

Rugbahari Primary School Hand pump 6.02 308 221 151 3.9

Ajgarbahar Bazar Hand pump 6.27 341 245 165 4.2 Jambahar High School Hand pump 6.32 167 118 82 4 Rampur Korba I T I Chawk Hand pump 6.33 171 119 82 3.9

Chuiha Nallah Nallah 7.61 33 24 22 4.1 Niharika Chawk Hand pump 5.27 338 241 165 4.7

26

4. Noise Pollution

(a)

(b)

27

(c)

(d)

(e)

Figure 7 Sound Meter Readings for different locations in Korba observed on (a) 31st August (b) 1st September (c) 2nd September (d) 3rd September (e) 4th September

28

The limit for Sound is 80 dB(A). As can be seen in Figure 7, that for most locations the noise readings are within limits except for places near mining areas or industries. The typical noise level data are presented in the following Table.

Table 6 Typical Noise Level Data Date Place dB(A)

30.08.2014 Indian Coffee House, T P Road 82.5

Korba P H Road, Bhaghat sing Market 73

31.08.2014

Urga Main Road, Urga 71.1

Barbash Pur Chawk 83

Korba Nagar Palik Office, Trafic Morde 68.5

Chhura Kachhar 78.8

Kusmunda Chawk 70.4

Sarba Mangala Chawk 74.5

Korba Power House Road 81.4

01.09.2014

Pordi Bahar Chawk 63.4

Manik pur Chawk 62.8

Darri Dam 65.2

Rabi sankar sukul Nagar 64.9

C S E B Police Chowki 78.6

Chhuri Bus stand 72

NTPC Gopal pur Gate 65

02.09.2014

Ghanta ghar chawk 72.4

Niharika Chawk 76.6

Kohordia 70.8

NTPC Jamnipali Gate 66.8

03.09.2014 Bhaisma Bazar Chawk 69.7

29

Urga Rail way Gate 60.9

Jamni pali 67.7

sumedha 63.6

Bhairotal Chawk 65.2

04.09.2014

Korkoma Petrol Pump 57

Korkoma Saraswati Primary School 62

Korkoma Gram Panchayet Office 64

I T Korba Road, Jhagraha 64.3

Banki Mogra, Shakti Chawk 62

Telswara 59.3

Banki Mogra Main Road 68.5

Guru Dewa Bus stand 65

05.09.2014

Chhirhut , Dedolvata 58

Gopal Pur Primary School 53.8

Dedolvata Sanskritik Bhabwan 58

Birbhat 53.8

Pandri Pani Sanskritik Mancha 56.4

Pandri Pani Gram Panchayet 57

Chor Bhatti I B P Chawk 67.4

Gopal Pur Madhyamik School 67

06.09.2014

Bhalai Bazar Madhyamik School 61.3

Bhalai Bazar Chawk 69.6

Bhalai Bazar H S School 61.2

Narai Bodh S G F High School 63.2

30

Gevra Basti Chawk 70

08.09.2014

Chor vatti Primary School 57.9

Risdi Chawk 75.6

kosha Bari Chawk 81.8

Ghanta ghar Chawk 77.8

09.09.2014

Rogbahar A J K Primary School 45.2

BALCO Bus stand 75.5

Dugu para, Chuiha Primary School 52.1

Parsha vata Chawk 77.2

Bhadra para Chawk, samudaik Bhaban 73.5

Parsha vata Siskha Niketan High School 60.1

10.09.2014

Ajgar Bahar High School 49.9

Ram Pur Police Station 76.4

Sonpuri Madhyamik Vidyalaya 51.5

Budhbari Chawk 73.2

Kohordia Char para Chawk 71.3

11.09.2014

T P Nagar, Guru Hansi Dasi Chawk 75.5

Hirananda Complex, Power House Road 73.9

Korba Main City Bus Stand 73.2

Korba, Sitamari Chawk 69.5

Korba City By pass Road 67.4

Rabi sankar sukul Nagar, Ahamedkar Chawk 65.6

12.09.2014

Bhaisma Bazar Chawk 67.3

Urga Chawk 71.8

Korba Station 72.5

Korba Manas Nagar, Korba Road 73.8

31

Rumgorda Durga Mandir, Korba Road 57.9

13.09.2014

Hardi Bazar Bus Stand 65.2

Ralia Bus stand 61.5

Gevra Basti Chawk 58.6

Kusmunda Imli Chhapar Chawk 62.1

Bhairotal, Chhura kachhar 52.3

Chhura kachhar Bridge Shib Mandir 48.9

Kusmunda Neheru Nagar 63.5

Hardi Bazar Bajrang Chawk 63.5

14.09.2014

NTPC Gate No - 4, Urja Dwar 55.8

NTPC Delhi Public School 48.3

S T P P Darri Market 55.9

Jelgaon Chawk 68.5

Shyam Nagar Sada Coloni 54.3

15.09.2014

Kudur mal Village 54.5

BALCO Main Gate 54.2

Rumgorda Durga Mandir, Korba Road 53.1

16.09.2014

Korba Darri Road, Bharat Petrolium 77.7

Sarba Mangala Mandir 52.8

Bhalai Bazar Chawk 62.6

Kusmunda, Kabir Chawk 66.2

Sumedha High School 48.5

Banki Mogra, Chhura Kachhar Central Hospital 52.5

Banki Mogra Gurudwa Main Road 59.6

18.09.2014

Danr Parda Jan Joti Primary School 49.4

Nabagaon (Kala) A J K Purba Madhyamik Vidyalaya 53.8

Lat lota A J K Primary School 48.5

32

19.09.2014

Darri Main Road 72.8

Darri Dam 68.5

Chhuri Bus stand 67.7

NTPC Jamnipali Market 64.5

08.11.2014

Indian coffee House, T P Nagar 74.2

Korba Station, Soni Mandir 63.9

Korba Stadium Road, T P Nagar 67.2

Korba Power House Road, HDFC Bank 78.9

09.11.2014

Korkoma Shibnagar Primary School 53.5

Korkoma Gram Panchayet Office 53.6

Jhagraha Jana Shiskha Kendra 56.5

Darri police station 64.4

Darri main Road 63.5

Budhwari Bazar 68.5

10.11.2014

Dhelwadi Market 57.4

Patrapali Primary School 50.3

Chhuri Bus stand 59.5

11.11.2014

Lanco Patadi Chawk 62.5

Urga Purba Madhyamik Vidyalaya 63.2

Urga Chawk 67.6

Barbas Pur Chawk 66.1

33

12.11.2014

Indira Nagar, Jamnipali samudyke Bhaban 53.5

Semi Pali Primary School 52.2

Sumedha, Naodha Pandal Chawk 48.5

sumedha high School 47.8

NTPC Jamnipali Market 56.6

NTPC 3 No Gate 68.3

Jelgaon Chawk 65.2

Semi Pali Housing Board 50.1

13.11.2014 Nabagaon, Jhabu Ash Dike 35.5

Nabagaon Gram Panchayet Office 48.2

14.11.2014

Latlota Anganwari Kendra 52.3

Latlota Ash Dike Office 51.5

Dhanrash Ash dike white House 49.5

Dhanrash primary School 51.7

Dhanrash High School 53.2

15.11.2014

Chhirhut sanskritik Mancha 48.7

Dedol Vata Anganwari Kendra 49.5

Birbhat Primary School 52.2

Pandri Pani Gram Panchayet Office 53.2

Korba Old Bus stand 74.2

Ramsagar Darri Road, Korba 58.3

16.11.2014

Guruwari Bazar HTPP Darri 53.7

CG State Power generation co.Ltd Hospital 52.8

Ram Nagar Shahimurdi High School 49.5

Chor vatti IBP Chawk 59.5

Baheri Murda Samudyke Bhaban 53.1

34

Baheri Murda 52.3

NTPC Gopalpur Gate 47.5

17.11.2014

Pordi Bahar Primary School 63.5

Kharmora Primary School 55.5

Chhuri Kala High School 59.4

18.11.2014

Rajgamar Main Road Auto stand 61.2

Rajgamar High School 53.5

Rajgamar Chawk 57.3

Risdi Chawk 60.2

19.11.2014

Durpa Road Debangan Para 52.8

Sarba Mangala Mandir 60.3

Durpa Madhyamik School 59.3

Parsha Vata Shibmandir 57.3

20.11.2014

Daihan para Primary School 55.8

BALCO Nagar Sec-4, High School 57.3

Keshat pur Primary School 48.2

Manik pur Bazar 61.5

21.11.2014

Bhaisma Bazar Chawk 65.6

Kukri choli 51.3

Gordi Higher Secondary School 53.5

Pandri pani CSEB East Office 58.2

Kosa bari Chawk 71.5

Niharika Chawk 74.5

22.11.2014

Manik pur Online Monitoring Station 50.4

Manik Pur SECL Chawk 64.2

Murda Pard Bazar 75.4

Power House Road Railway Crossing 78.2

35

Kusmunda Project Primary School 58.3

Pathari Pra Chhat ghat, BALCO Road 57.5

Kusmunda Chawk 73.4

23.11.2014

Kudurmal High School 49.3

Kudurmal Chawk 55.3

Patadi Primary School 53.8

Darri Dam 65.6

Manas Nagar Chawk, Korba Road 67.3

Rumgarda Durga Mandir 62.5

24.11.2014

Banki Mongra Chawk 53.5

Banki Main Mine 51.1

Gurudewa High School 55.2

Surakachhar Chawk 62.7

Ananda Nagar Chawk 58.3

Power House Road , CBI Bank 69.5

Ghanta Ghar Chawk 75.3

25.11.2014

Belgiri Basti Chawk, BALCO Road 63.5

Gevra Basti, Kubir Chawk 65.3

Imli Chhapar Chawk 66.7

26.11.2014

Sitamandi Chawk 76.3

Korba Bus Stand 68.3

Parsa vata Bazar, Ajad hind Chawk 63.5

27.11.2014

Rugbahari Primary School 51.5

Ajgarbahar Bazar 50.2

Jambahar High School 52.7

Rampur Korba I T I Chawk 68.2

Guru Hansi Dasi Chawk 66.6

36

5. Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index ( CEPI) Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index (CEPI) is a rational number to characterize the environmental quality at a given location following the algorithm of source, pathway and receptor. Increasing value of CEPI indicates severe adverse effects on environment and also is an indication of large percentage of population experiencing health hazards.

A1 : Presence of Toxins

A = A1 x A2

A2 : Scale of Industrial Activities

B1 : Pollutant Concentration

B = B1 + B2 + B3

B2 : Impact on People

B3 : Impact on eco-geological features

CEPI = A + B + C + D

C1 : Potentially affected population

C = (C1 x C2) + C3

C2 : Level of Exposure

C3 : Risk to sensitive receptors

D : Pollution Control Facilities D

Figure 8 – Framework for calculating CEPI

37

5.1. Assumptions

i. There are 7 Large, 1 Medium and 4 Small Scale Industries situated in Korba. ii. Population surrounding all of these industries (Within a 2 km radius) > 100,000 iii. Exceedence factor of any pollutant is given by

iv. The value of SNLF is given by:

5.2. Calculation of CEPI

5.2.1. AIR Estimation of A

A1

Pollutants PM10 NO2 SO2

Category B A A

Score 2 Penalty 0

Total 2

A2 Scale of Industrial Activities Large > 10 R17 industries

Score 5

A TOTAL SCORE 10

38

Estimation of B

B1


Exceedence Factor 1.54 0.76 0.76

Type of Pollutant Critical Moderate Low

Score 6 Penalty 0

Total 6

B2 Adverse Impact on people Evidence of symptoms

Score 3

B3

Adverse impact on eco-geological features

Evidence of symptoms

Score 3

B TOTAL SCORE 12

Estimation of C

C1 Number of people affected > 100,000

Score 5

C2


SNLF 1.18 0.26 0.19

Level of Exposure Critical High Moderate

Score 3 Penalty 1.75

Total 4.75

Risk to sensitive receptors Yes

C3 Score 5

C TOTAL SCORE 28.75

39

Estimation of D

D Score 15

CEPI A + B + C + D = 65.75

5.2.2. WATER Estimation of A

A1

Pollutants Arsenic pH DO

Category C A A

Score 4 Penalty 0

Total 4


Score 5

A TOTAL SCORE 20

Estimation of B

B1



Type of Pollutant Low Moderate Moderate

Score 3 Penalty 0

Total 3


Score 3

B3



Score 3

B TOTAL SCORE 9

40

Estimation of C


Score 5

C2


SNLF 0 0.392 0.171

Level of Exposure Low Moderate Moderate

Score 2 Penalty 0

Total 2


C3 Score 5

C TOTAL SCORE 15

Estimation of D

D Score 15

CEPI A + B + C + D = 59

41

5.2.3. LAND Estimation of A

A1

Pollutants Arsenic Iron Ca/Mg

Category C A A

Score 4 Penalty 0

Total 4


Score 5

A TOTAL SCORE 20

Estimation of B

B1



Type of Pollutant Low Moderate Low

Score 2 Penalty 0

Total 2


Score 3

B3



Score 6

B TOTAL SCORE 11

42

Estimation of C


Score 5

C2


SNLF 0 0.282 0

Level of Exposure Low Moderate Low

Score 2 Penalty 0

Total 2


C3 Score 5

C TOTAL SCORE 15

Estimation of D

D Score 15

CEPI A + B + C + D = 61

5.2.4. OVERALL Estimation of A

A1

Pollutants Arsenic PM10 pH

Category C B A

Score 4 Penalty 1.5

Total 5.5


Score 5

A TOTAL SCORE 27.5

43

Estimation of C


Score 5

C2


SNLF 0 1.18 0.392

Level of Exposure Low Critical High

Score 3 Penalty 0

Total 3


C3 Score 5

C TOTAL SCORE 20

Estimation of D

D Score 15

CEPI A + B + C + D = 74.5 Therefore the Overall CEPI of KORBA is: 74.5

Estimation of B

B1



Type of Pollutant Low Critical Moderate

Score 6 Penalty 0

Total 6


Score 3

B3



Score 3

B TOTAL SCORE 12

44

CEPI Scores of 2009 ( Ref: Report on Comprehensive Environmental Assessment of Industrial Clusters, December 2009)

Sr. No. 5 in 2009

Sr. No. 27 in 2015

45

6. Conclusion: The detailed comprehensive monitoring data of air, water, land and noise collected by IIT Kharagpur Team in the critically polluted area in Korba , CG during the year 2014. Based on the study and data collected in the critically polluted area of Korba during May 2014 to December 2014, it has been found that the overall CEPI value in Critically Polluted Area, Korba has significantly improved and the present CEPI is 74.5 ( earlier it was 83.00 in 2009) and place of Korba as one of the Critically Polluted Area was 5 in the list of CPCB Report (2009) and it is now much below in the list. This may be due to overall awareness and implementation of Korba action plan taken by CECB, Raipur and actions taken by individual industries to upgrade pollution control devices, better environmental management and planning and ETPs. However, it is necessary to continue the monitoring work in the above area time-to-time and check the CEPI values.

7. References

i. “Criteria for Comprehensive Environmental Assessment of Industrial Clusters”, Central

Pollution Control Board Ministry of Environment and Forests: www.cpcb.nic.in

ii. “Development of Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Abatement Action Plan for

Critically Polluted Area – Korba”, Chhattisgarh Environment Conservation Board:

www.enviscecb.org

iii. National Pollutant Inventory, Department of Environment, Australian Government:

http://www.npi.gov.au/resource/sulfur-dioxide

iv. Korba Action Plan of CECB, Raipur

http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/ess/Korba.pdf

46

http://www.cpcb.nic.in/

http://www.enviscecb.org/

http://www.npi.gov.au/resource/sulfur-dioxide

http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/ess/Korba.pdf

Documents

ON Monitoring in Critically Polluted Area (CPA), Korba of ... Technical Report... · • The probability of getting the concentration of PM 10 more than standard value (100 µg/m3)