On grid

ON GRID/GRID TIED SOLAR PV SYSTEM FOR

CAPTIVE CONSUMPTION: ADVANTAGES,

LIMITATIONS AND POSSIBILITIESAT

NATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE FOR SOLAR TECHNOLOGY,

BANGALORE, 29th Jan 2013 from 3 – 5 pm.

Organized By

MNRE & KPCL – With TRA INTERNATIONAL, DELHI

Prabhuraj Harakangi BE (E&E), M.Tech (Energy Systems)

Sr. Design Engineer – Solar PV Systems

Ph No: +91 8147814995, e-mail: [email protected]

ArrayTech Technologies Pvt. Ltd, Bengaluru

mailto:[email protected]

TYPES OF Solar PV SYSTEMS :

Stand alone system

Hybrid /Off Grid System

Grid Sharing System

On Grid / Grid Tied System:

1) Net Metering

2) Double metering

3) Captive Consumption


MPPT Charge Controller

Solar Frontier CIS Thin Film Solar Module

BATTERY BANK

DC LOADS

Soura Bandhu

STAND ALONE SYSTEM


Stand Alone System: Direct application , which can be used to

charge the battery and use it for the DC loads

Low Conversion Losses since LOAD is DC

Charge controller (MPPT or PWM) comes with Dusk to Dawn also

which can be used fir Street Lights

Stand Alone Inverters can be used to run AC Loads

Limitations:

Load Dependent, Conventional System for small Loads

Large Battery Bank required


AC LOADS

BATTERY BANK

ACMAINS

Solar Frontier CIS Thin Film Solar Module

HYBRID/OFF GRID SYSTEM


Prime Source: Battery

Battery Charging Sources: Solar and Mains

Load Sources: Cut Off Type

Either Mains – OR – Solar + Battery (Floating or Non Floating)

Both Savings and Back Up

Limitations:

Load Dependent and only for Non – Inductive Loads

Repeated Battery Cycles

Losses in Electronics and Battery

NOTE: Proper Sizing is Important


Solar Inverter

AC

LO

AD

S

BATTERY BANK

MPPT Charge Controller

Converter and Charger

Solar PV Plant

SOLAR GRID SHARING PCU

GRID SHARING SYSTEM


Prime Source: Battery

Battery Charging Sources:

Solar and Mains DC (Converter)

Load Sources:

3 DC Sources – Solar PV, Mains, Battery

Either Mains + Solar OR Battery + Solar

Work with High Inductive Loads

Better Savings and Back Up with Less Battery Cycles

Limitations:

Load Dependent

Higher Cost


On Grid / Grid Tied System: The solar modules generate DC electricity. The DC power goes

through a Solar ON Grid Inverter

Solar Grid Tied Inverter: performs the conversion of the

variable DC output into a clean sinusoidal AC power

Inverter output connected to Bus Bar (Distribution Panel)

The Solar Current will be given lead angle in synchronization

process and it will be forcefully injected into the bus bar

Depending on the type of ON Grid System the revenue or profits

will be gained


SYNCHRONISATION:

The inverter measure the grid (voltage, frequency, phasing) and use

this information to synchronize the internal regulation. It means the

inverter start up with an open grid contactor and with a grid

independent frequency. Then the controller change the internal

frequency, voltage and phasing so long as this is absolute identical to

the given values from the grid. Now the electronic will close a soft

start contactor for pre magnetise the internal transformer. Few parts

of a second later the main grid contactor will close and the inverter

will feed in. If the grid values will be changed during the inverter feeds

in grid monitoring will detect it and the controller will adjust the

internal regulation so that inverter is whole time synchronal to the

grid ArrayTech Technologies Pvt. Ltd, Bengaluru

AC LOAD

S

Grid Supply

Solar PV Plant Grid Tied Inverter

BUS BAR

UPSNM

NET METERING SYSTEM


AC LOAD

S

Grid Supply

Solar PV PlantGrid Tied Inevrter

BUS BAR

UPSEM

SM

DOUBLE METERING SYSTEM


Protections :

•DC Side modules will be given with SPD, DC Dis-connector Switch which

will protect the Solar System

•For all kinds of faults the Solar Inverter will react first and ISOLATE itself

from the system in Microseconds of time

Advantages :

•Simple and Safe systems which gives Direct Savings and Revenue

•Load Independent system

•Most Efficient System, Very Least Losses & Maintenance Free System

•25 years of Guaranteed Generation with 6-7 Years Payback Period

•1kW of Solar Power Plant Generates 5.5Units of Electricity per Day

•Accelerated Depreciation on the Investment


Limitations:

•No Back up will be given from the system, since solar power directly

utilized

•Stable Grid is a must

•NO Policy from Govt

•Infrastructure problem


AC LOAD

SDG

Grid


AMFD

BUS BAR

UPS

CAPTIVE CONSUMPTION SYSTEM


CAPTIVE CONSUMPTION:Working Principle: SYNCHRONISATION

Feed: Least Resistive Path

Profit: Direct Savings on Electricity Bills

Precautions:

Detailed Load Analysis

DG Rating and Health of DG

Circuit Breaker: To avoid Reverse Flow


CASE STUDY:

Civil Survey:

Location: ……………., State: ……….. And Country:…………

Latitude.... o and Longitude….. o

Shadow free Area Available: …………….. Sq meters

North to South : ………Meters East to West : ……………….. Meters

Type of Roof : Flat Roof or Tilt Roof

If Flat Roof: RCC or any other

If Tilted : Metal Sheet, Asbustus Sheet, RCC roof or any other

Tilt Face south to north or east to west and Tilt Angle…..o,

Obstacles: Cement Columns, AC Fan Units , Chiller Units

and other if any - Height of Obstacle: …….. Meter

Attachments: Google Map, Layout of Site or Photo of Site


Electrical Survey:

Sources of Energy :

Electricity Board:Contract Demand ……. kVA, Peak Load ………..kVA

Diesel Generator: Rating …….. kVA

Make …………… and Life: ……… Years

Other Sources: Please specify with details

Load and Consumption Details :

Load type : 1 Phase or 3 Phase

Type of Loads : Mention Type of Machines and Equipments used

Operating Hours : Hours and …… am to…..pm

(if Load works in 2 or 3 Shifts)

Weekly Holidays :Specify (Only Sunday or Saturday or Half Saturday too)

Consumption : ………….Units (Average of last six months)



ECOMONIC ANALYSIS




Capacity:104 kW Investment : Rs 12480000.00 System Cost: 120Rs/Watt

Units with Annual Degradation of 0.5%

After 10 Years

5% of Escalation

in Tariff

MONEY SAVED Depriciation

30 % of Tax Savings

AMC 5% of saved

money

Total Money Saved in Each

YearPRINCIPLE PAY BACK

1 Yr 176512.00 7.00 1235584.00 80% 2995200.00 0.00 4230784.00 -8249216.00

2 Yr 175629.44 7.35 1290876.38 5% 37440.00 0.00 1328316.38 -6920899.62

3 Yr 174751.29 7.72 1348643.10 5% 37440.00 0.00 1386083.10 -5534816.51

4 Yr 173877.54 8.10 1408994.88 5% 37440.00 0.00 1446434.88 -4088381.63

5 Yr 173008.15 8.51 1472047.40 5% 37440.00 0.00 1509487.40 -2578894.23

6 Yr 172143.11 8.93 1537921.52 - 0.00 76896.08 1498465.45 -1080428.78

7 Yr 171282.39 9.38 1606743.51 - 0.00 80337.18 1526406.34 445977.55

8 Yr 170425.98 9.85 1678645.28 - 0.00 83932.26 1594713.02 2040690.57

- - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - -

21 Yr 159674.61 18.57 2965649.84 - 0.00 148282.49 2817367.35 30585229.40

22 Yr 158876.23 19.50 3098362.67 - 0.00 154918.13 2943444.54 33528673.94

23 Yr 158081.85 20.48 3237014.40 - 0.00 161850.72 3075163.68 36603837.63

24 Yr 157291.44 21.50 3381870.80 - 0.00 169093.54 3212777.26 39816614.88

25 Yr 156504.98 22.58 3533209.52 - 0.00 176660.48 3356549.04 43173163.92

ON GRID SYSTEM WITH FUEL EFFICIENT DIESEL GENERATORS:

Effici

ency

LOAD Applied

Full Load NO LoadHalf Load

Effici

ency

LOAD Applied

Full Load NO LoadHalf Load

Mechanically Controlled Governor

Electronically Controlled Governor


AC LOAD

S


BUS BAR

UPS

ON GRID SYSTEM with FUEL EFFICIENT DG


Area Of Application:

HT Loads Like Factories, Hospitals, Offices, School,

Colleges, Hostels, commercial complexes

FINANCIAL POSSIBILITIES:

Third Party Investment with Accelerated Depreciation

Finding a buyer at Normal Tariff with REC

REC Constraints


II Om Bhaskaraye Vidmahe Divakraraye

Dheemahi Tanno Suryah Prachodayat II


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