Olli Äikäs Geological Survey of Finland Report CM 60/2005/1tupa.gtk.fi/raportti/arkisto/m60_2005_1.pdf · FinU1 GTK Report M60/2005/1 GTK/COGEMA 18.11.2005 Page 1 Olli Äikäs Geological

FinU1 GTK Report M60/2005/1

GTK/COGEMA 18.11.2005

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Olli Äikäs

Geological Survey of Finland Report CM 60/2005/1

P.O. Box 1237 FIN-70211 Kuopio Finland [email protected] M60/2005/1

Radioactive occurrences in the Itä-Uusimaa area, Finland: compilation of GTK archive reports



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Cover: The crossing at Alho, where two rich uranium ore boulders were found by IVO in 1956, photographed in 2001. Small photo on the right: the remaining sample of the boulder IVO-9 at Loppi in 2001. Small photo on the left: altered granite at the Porvoo fire station; field trip, September 2005. Photos: O. Äikäs.

Contents Introduction........................................................................................................................................5

1. Compilation of materials from the GTK archives ..................................................................7

1.1 Observations on radioactive rocks in outcrops and boulders............................................7 File: explor_archives_p.shp .........................................................................................................7

File: ore_indications_p.shp ..........................................................................................................8

Files: Dh_location_p.shp & Askola_quat_pits_p.shp..................................................................9

File: Gtk_boulders_askola_p.shp (& Alho_boulders_p.shp).....................................................10

File: ha_lakeakallio_a.shp..........................................................................................................11

File: plate_16.ecw ......................................................................................................................12

File: Onkimaa_lode_l.shp ..........................................................................................................13

The Junninsuo prospect in Mäntsälä..........................................................................................13

1.2 Search results from geological (field record) databases ...................................................14

File: Winkalpea_litho_p.shp ......................................................................................................14

Files: petrofys_p.shp & petrofys_rock_codes.xls ......................................................................14

File: kivivara_litho_p.shp ..........................................................................................................16

Files: Raki_litho_p.shp & Raki_location_p.shp ........................................................................16

1.3 The Viipuri rapakivi granite area ......................................................................................16

2. Suggested & realized targets for field visits during the field work period in May, 2005..17 Map sheet 2043 ..........................................................................................................................18

Map sheet 2044 ..........................................................................................................................18

Map sheet 3021 ..........................................................................................................................19

Map sheet 3022 ..........................................................................................................................21

3. Conclusions on the study of historical indications ................................................................23

4. Other areas ...............................................................................................................................23 Map sheet 2014 Tammisaari ......................................................................................................23

5. Itä-Uusimaa area: type of uranium mineralisation ..............................................................24 References & papers from the area ............................................................................................26

Appendix 1. Topographic lineament map..............................................................................30

Appendix 2. Contents of the attached CD-ROM ...................................................................31



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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF FINLAND

DOCUMENTATION PAGE

Date 18.11.2005 Type of report Author

Olli Äikäs Commissioned by COGEMA/GTK Contract 2004/Tender 2005 (K129/53/2004)

Title of report Radioactive occurrences in the Itä-Uusimaa area, Finland: compilation of GTK archive reports Abstract Since 2000, COGEMA has been collecting information on the occurrence of uranium in Finland, with the Geological Survey of Finland (GTK) as its contractor. The historic uranium province around Askola at Itä-Uusimaa has been visited on field trips in 2001 and 2003, and drill cores and chip samples from this area have been studied at the GTK Loppi depot at several occasions. As a result of this reconnaissance work, COGEMA applied for a claim reservation in Itä-Uusimaa in November 2004.

The COGEMA/GTK contract work continues with an exploration programme in Uusimaa in 2005, launched to evaluate the reservation area and delineate possible subareas for application of exploration licences. As part of this work, GTK is providing data from its archives (exploration & geology), carrying out field studies on structural geology, and taking care of general coordination and support for the field work. Together with COGEMA and another contractor, JP-Fintact Ltd, the aim of this preliminary work is to produce a GIS database, including geographical, geophysical, geological and exploration data, combined with a land use & infrastructure study and accompanying reports.

In this report the GIS data collected from the GTK archives and databases are described. Suggestions for field visit targets given before the field work period have been completed with findings from the field. The type of uranium mineralisation in the area is briefly discussed, with comparison to the Lilljuthatten deposit in Central Sweden. Keywords Uranium, thorium, radioactivity Geographical area

Finland, Itä-Uusimaa Map sheet Other information

The English of the report has not been checked. A CD-ROM with the full text of the report and the ArcView shapefiles and other data is included. Report serial

Unpublished reports Archive code

M60/2005/1 Pages

31 Language

English Price Confidentiality

Public 1.1 2013



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GEOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS

KUVAILULEHTI

Päivämäärä 18.11.2005 Raportin laji Tekijä

Olli Äikäs Toimeksiantaja COGEMA/GTK, sopimus 2004/tarjous 2005 (K129/53/2004)

Raportin nimi Radioactive occurrences in the Itä-Uusimaa area, Finland: compilation of GTK archive reports Tiivistelmä Vuodesta 2000 lähtien ranskalainen kaivosyhtiö COGEMA on koonnut tietoja uraanin esiintymisestä Suomessa. Tässä työssä GTK on toiminut yhtiön konsulttina. Uraaniesiintymistään tunnetulla Askolan alueella Itä-Uudellamaalla on käyty vuosien 2001 ja 2003 kenttäretkillä ja GTK:n Lopen varastolla on tutkittu kairasydän- ja palanäytteitä. Tiedonkeruu johti siihen, että COGEMA haki valtausvarauksen Itä-Uudellemaalle marraskuussa 2004.

GOGEMA/GTK-tilaustyötä jatketaan vuonna 2005 Itä-Uudenmaan malminetsintäohjelmalla, jonka yhtiö aloitti voidakseen rajata mahdolliset valtaukseen soveltuvat alueet. GTK:n osuus tässä työssä on tuottaa tietovarastoistaan alueen malminetsintään ja geologiaan liittyvää aineistoa, tehdä rakennegeologisia tutkimuksia, huolehtia projektin koordinoinnista ja järjestää kenttätyöt. Yhdessä tilaajan ja toisen konsultin (JP-Fintact Ltd) kanssa tavoitteena on luoda GIS-tietokanta, johon kuuluu maantieteellisiä, geofysikaalisia, geologisia ja malminetsinnän aineistoihin liittyviä tasoja, joita täydennetään raporteilla sekä maankäyttöä ja infrastruktuuria koskevilla selvityksillä.

Tässä raportissa kuvataan GTK:n tietovarastoista koottua aineistoa. Kenttäkäyntien kohteiksi ehdotettujen aiheiden tietoja on täydennetty maastossa tehtyjen havaintojen perusteella. Alueen uraanimalmityyppiä pohditaan lyhyesti mm. rinnastuksella Keski-Ruotsissa sijaitsevaan Lilljuthatten-esiintymään. Asiasanat (kohde, menetelmät jne.) Uraani, torium, radioaktiivisuus Maantieteellinen alue (maa, lääni, kunta, kylä, esiintymä) Suomi, Itä-Uusimaa Karttalehdet Muut tiedot

Raportin englannin kieltä ei ole tarkistettu. Mukana seuraa levyke, jossa raportin tekstin lisäksi ovat siinä kuvatut ArcView-teemat sekä muita tiedostoja. Arkistosarjan nimi Arkistoraportti

Arkistotunnus

M60/2005/1 Kokonaissivumäärä 31

Kieli Englanti

Hinta Julkisuus

Vapautuu 1.1.2013

FinU1 GTK Report 60/2005/1


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Introduction The region of Itä-Uusimaa is situated east of Helsinki around the town of Porvoo, and

along the valley of the river Porvoonjoki. The municipalities in this region are Askola, Lapinjärvi, Liljendal, Loviisa, Myrskylä, Pernaja, Pukkila, Ruotsinpyhtää and Sipoo. In addition to these municipalities, parts of Mäntsälä and Pornainen are included into the area of this compilation (Fig. 1).

During the COGEMA/GTK contract work FinU1, uranium deposits in this area have been visited in the field in 2001 and 2003, and drill cores and chip samples have been studied at the GTK Loppi storage in several occasions. A compilation on the occurrences and past exploration of uranium in the Itä-Uusimaa area was written by Äikäs (2003), with an explanation of the 2003 field trip included. Selected samples collected in these operations have been submitted to petrographical, geochemical and isotope geochemical studies in France by COGEMA, in cooperation with CREGU (Brouand & Cuney 2004, Mathieu & Kister 2005).

In 2004 COGEMA purchased geological, geophysical and geochemical data of GTK, covering most of the Uusimaa area. Before the end of the year COGEMA applied for a claim reservation area of 772 km2 (Fig. 1), comprising 86 separate reservation targets (the maximum area allowed for a single reservation is 9 km2). The reservation was registered on the 16th November, 2004 and it is valid for one year. The reservation gives to the holder a privilege when applying for exploration licences in the area.

Fig. 1. Location of the COGEMA claim reservation area "Uusimaa", covering parts of the municipalities of Askola, Mäntsälä, Myrskylä, Pernaja, Pornainen, Porvoo and Pukkila. Base map: National Land Survey of Finland, licence 13/MYY/05.



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In 2005, a programme for preliminary exploration work in the Uusimaa reservation area and its surroundings was launched by COGEMA, with GTK as a contractor, in cooperation with JP-Fintact Ltd, a consulting company acting both as another contractor and as the legal representative of COGEMA in Finland. In this programme, GTK was providing data from its archives (exploration & geology), carrying out field studies on structural geology, and taking care of general coordination and support for the field work in May, 2005. The aim of this cooperative programme was to produce a GIS database, including geographical, geophysical, geological and exploration data, combined with a land use & infrastructure study and accompanying reports. The first part of the work took place from April to early June, with geologists from COGEMA doing the exploration field work. The latter part of the work took place in September; the goal was in providing necessary information for the basis of decision making for COGEMA in order to delineate areas for applying the exploration licences in October to early November.

Fig. 2. Geological map of the Itä-Uusimaa region; for legend see Koistinen (1994). Structural lines are added from Korsman et al. (1997); P-M denotes the Porkkala–Mäntsälä shear zone. The three areas of rapakivi granite are Bodom, Onas and Viipuri (Wiborg). The reservation area "Uusimaa" registered for COGEMA is lined in red, with the site of the Alho boulders marked with a triangle. The stars denote uranium occurrences in this area (Äikäs 2000). Map sheets and their numbers are indicated according to the Finnish KKJ3 coordinate system.

The geology of the Itä-Uusimaa area is briefly described in Äikäs (2003), as well as the case histories and characteristics of the uranium deposits and prospects in the area. Fig. 2 shows the location of the claim reservation of COGEMA in this area in respect of the Proterozoic geology and the past uranium prospects. The four map sheets 2043, 2044, 3021 and 3022 of the Finnish grid (in scale 1 : 100 000) have been used as the selection area for many of the database elements in this work. In all of the data the coordinate system is Finnish KKJ3. The compilation of the GTK archive data is described in part 1 of this report.



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A field group of geologists and geophysicists from COGEMA, GTK and JP-Fintact carried out field work in the claim reservation area "Uusimaa" in May, 2005. Geologists B. Magrina & P. Kister and geophysicist J. Roux (COGEMA) evaluated old findings of the area and did follow-up of aeroradiometric anomalies on new objects. Geologists T. Elminen and P. Sorjonen-Ward (GTK) mapped targets for their studies in structural geology. Geologist J. Palmén and geophysicists P. Saksa & E. Heikkinen (JP-Fintact) visited some of the field targets. Geologist O. Äikäs was guiding the field group on the old targets and introducing the French team to the local conditions. The field base was rented at the Tukkila farm near Kerkkoo in Porvoo. The results of the field work were preliminary reported by Magrina & Kister (2005) in a meeting following the field work period, held at the Pöyry House, Vantaa on the 2nd of June, 2005. This report was completed in September, 2005 (Kister & Magrina 2005).

1. Compilation of materials from the GTK archives Various GTK databases, unpublished archive reports and published papers were searched

for geological information and for observations on radioactivity (or for descriptions on rocks containing uranium) in the study area (Fig. 2). The outputs from the database searches were transformed into ArcView shapefiles, and, where coordinates were given, the findings in the reports were entered as points in respective files. The AV shapefiles (see the appended CD-ROM) will be exported to MapInfo files (by JP-Fintact) for the final GIS database of the 2005 exploration programme. The materials collected are briefly described here.

1.1 Observations on radioactive rocks in outcrops and boulders File: explor_archives_p.shp

The radioactive locations of this file (Fig. 3) include old prospects of IVO picked up from a published geological map (Laitakari & Simonen 1962), from discoveries in regional radiometric surveys in the Uusimaa area (Appelqvist 1972, 1974a; Mikkola 1975, 1976; Seppänen 1987), from testing for ground analogies of aeroradiometric surveys (Ketola et al. 1975; Laasasenaho 1976), and from semiregional assessment of U potential in the Askola area (Kauranne 1977). The rock types, descriptions and sizes of the localities, gamma counts and U & Th contents are given in the attribute table (in English), if available in the source report. Unfortunately the readings of the gamma counters used in these 20-30 years old studies can not be correlated between the reports. The legend of the map (see Fig. 3) is given as a jpg image file to help in transformation to MapInfo.



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Fig. 3. Radioactive findings – outcrops & boulders – in the study area, mainly from regional and detailed radiometric survey (ground & carborne; follow-up of anomalies in airborne surveys). The symbols of the points have been classified after rock types given in the reports. The background image in this and the following figures shows the mosaic of published 1 : 100 000 geological maps by GTK, as produced from the GTK Geoimage server.

File: ore_indications_p.shp

Search from the ore indications database of GTK produced 178 entries in the study area (Fig.4). [The database can also be searched through the Internet using the Active Map Explorer on the web pages of GTK (www.gtk.fi, > exploration info) but there the records can be studied only one by one]. The file contains all metallic ore indications in this area, derived from the exploration archives of GTK & Outokumpu and Rautaruukki, two former mining companies. In addition to the coordinates, the table shows following attributes: District; Company; Code (+name) / Field code + nickname, if known by that; Type / O=outcrop, B=boulder, D=drill hole intersection, X=others; Size / 0=negligible, 1=small, 2=moderate, 3=large; Grade / 0=negligible, 1=low-grade, 2=moderate, 3=high-grade; Host rock; Metals. A more detailed legend than in Fig. 4 is given as a jpg image file also for this map.



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Fig. 4. GTK ore indications database records (outcrops & boulders) in the study area. The symbols for this figure show a simplified classification according to the metal content of the targets.

Files: Dh_location_p.shp & Askola_quat_pits_p.shp

Diamond drill holes from the GTK Loppi database were selected using the area of the four map sheets (Fig. 5). The file shows the locations and other details of the drill holes but not the reports (logs) of the cores. The Winkaira database of GTK contains only a few digitized logs of the Onkimaa and Kiviniittu drill cores from the reservation area; these, however, have not been included in the database of this work, mainly because they are in Finnish. Errors in the coordinates of four drill holes from the reservation area were found in the Loppi database; these errors have been corrected to correspond those in the original reports. The data are included also in an Excel file containing explanations for the columns in English. The copies of the core logs are available at the Loppi drill core depot.

Locations of pits dug for Quaternary geological studies in past exploration projects were extracted from a GTK database (Fig. 5). Only the code numbers of the pits are given in the shapefile; the descriptions of the overburden and glacial transport based on these studies can be found in unpublished reports (in Finnish) of Hirvas & Nenonen (1980a, 1980b) and Huhta & Hakala (1985).



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Fig. 5. Locations of diamond drill holes stored at the GTK Loppi depot, and locations of Quaternary geological survey pits, dug in the area during past exploration projects of GTK.

File: Gtk_boulders_askola_p.shp (& Alho_boulders_p.shp)

As described in Äikäs (2003), GTK carried out detailed exploration between Alho and Lakeakallio from the 1970s to mid-1980s. The drillings revealed a new (SE-) mineralisation at Lakeakallio. Detailed boulder tracing indicated that most of the boulders at Nietoonmetsä (Fig. 6) belong to the distal population of the Lakeakallio boulder fan, except for two reddish uraniferous boulders which led to drillings at Kiviniittu (south of Lakeakallio), to test the uranium potential of brittle structures in bedrock. The same idea was tested previously in the river valley of Porvoonjoki, with seismic profiles, percussion drill sampling and two diamond drill holes (the westernmost two holes in Fig. 6).

GTK received a layman sample from Särkijärvi area in 1981; this was followed by a detailed exploration project in this relatively small area (see case history in Äikäs 2003). No significant uranium occurrence was located, however, but many similarities with the Alho boulders could be reported, including the age of the uranium mineralisation, about 440 Ma. The age has recently been confirmed by Mathieu & Kister (2005).

The boulders-shapefile was digitised on scanned images from the archive reports; accordingly, no attribute data are included, except for the name of the target and reference to the report. Descriptions by Appelqvist are in the reports (in Finnish), and the original field notes are in the archives of GTK in Espoo. Some of the remained samples from these boulders are stored at the Loppi depot; in 2004, pieces of the Särkijärvi boulders were sampled at Loppi by Michel Cuney (numbers 9266/1-4, including the original layman discovery). The smallest boulders probably have been totally removed from their original sites as samples.

Another shapefile contains only the two Alho boulders IVO-9 and IVO-99, with their coordinates as given by Appelqvist & Kinnunen (1977). There is a displacement of 40-50 m



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between these coordinates and the locations derived from the scanned images in the reports, probably caused by the change in the Finnish coordinates from national ED50 to national kkj system in 1970. Coordinates from data before 1970 should be carefully checked when imported to the present system.

Fig 6. Locations of radioactive boulders and diamond drill holes, mainly from the uranium exploration projects of GTK in Askola in the 1980s (Appelqvist 1982; 1985a-d). The colours of the symbols for boulders indicate the names used for the prospects. Base map elements (roads; buildings; watersheds; fields – in yellow – and exposed bedrock – in grey): National Land Survey of Finland, licence 13/MYY/05.

File: ha_lakeakallio_a.shp

An ArcView shapefile was compiled after the scanned detailed map in Appelqvist (1982), in order to help in field work and visits at the former IVO Lakeakallio deposit. The eastern part of the Vakkola housing area is also shown in Fig. 7.

Fig. 7. Drilling grid and detailed geological map of the Lakeakallio deposit, from Appelqvist (1982). Blue = migmatitic mica gneiss; green = hornblende gneiss; red = granite. The former pit (Lakeakallio S) is shown as a point west of "Muijasuo", mineralisation Lakeakallio SE is shown by the group of holes to the SE of this point. The pit Lakeakallio W was between Lakeakallio and Simppusuo. Base map: National Land Survey of Finland, licence 13/MYY/05. Coordinates in 500- m-grid.



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The pit of the "Lakeakallio S" mineralisation is covered, and the uranium ore is today visible only in the drill cores (which have been split and partly used for analyses) as shown in Fig. 8. Another old pit "Lakeakallio W" was reported on the western part of Lakeakallio outcrops. The "Lakeakallio SE" mineralisation was found in drill cores, and a hematised shear zone was indicated to extend from here to the pit Lakeakallio S.

Fig. 8. Drill hole section of the Lakeakallio deposit, from Appelqvist (1982). The location of the former pit (mineralisation Lakeakallio S) is shown in the section. The pit and the remains of the workings of IVO have been restored in the 1980s.

File: plate_16.ecw

The first aeroradiometric surveys in Finland used Askola and other areas with known uranium occurrences as test locations. Systematically the tests included ground radiometric studies, with the Askola area as a good example (Ketola et al. 1975). In addition to the Lakeakallio area, a well exposed hill south of Ruokojärvi (also Ruokijärvi) was studied and reported (Fig. 9). This hill shows as an anomaly also on the new airborne gamma survey maps. Scanned and geocoded ecw-files of plates 1, 2, 16 and 17 in Ketola et al. (1975) are included.

Fig. 9. Ground test area of Ruokojärvi, Pornainen, with locations of radioactive spots in bedrock (part of Plate 16 in Ketola et al. 1975). Base map: National Land Survey of Finland, licence 13/MYY/05. Coordinates in 500-m-grid.



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File: Onkimaa_lode_l.shp

Case history and short description of the Onkimaa deposit were given in Äikäs (2003). For field work of this programme, the exposed uraniferous zone was drawn after Appelqvist (1974b); the shapefile does not have any attribute information. With the drill hole locations and geological map the situation of the deposit at the northwestern margin of the Onkimaa granodiorite can be demonstrated (Fig. 10).

Fig. 10. Locations of the drill holes and the exposures of the mineralised zone (lines in purple) of the Onkimaa deposit, Mäntsälä (from Appelqvist 1974b). Lithology: pale brown – Onkimaa granodiorite; blue – migmatitic mica gneiss; green – amphibolite. Base map: National Land Survey of Finland, licence 13/MYY/05. Coordinates in 500-m-grid.

The Junninsuo prospect in Mäntsälä

In 1970s, Neste Oy (now part of Fortum Power and Heat) held a claim in an area west of Mäntsälä, with outcrops and boulders of uraniferous granites. This prospect is called Junninsuo according to the mire where the company (in fact, Neste Foundation – not the company directly) first had discovered anomalous uranium contents in peat. Detailed ground radiometrics, magnetic survey, pedogeochemical sampling and geological mapping were carried out by contractors. Irregular bodies with uranium contents up to a few hundred ppm were found in a relatively wide area in the granite, but the project never proceeded to a drilling stage. This granite is also a rock with highest values of heat flow measured in Finland (Ilmo Kukkonen, pers. comm. 2005; Kukkonen 1994).



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Fig. 11. Location of the Junninsuo prospect in Mäntsälä. The symbols for radioactive outcrops and boulders and the geological map are as in Fig. 3. The red dots with crosses denote the drill holes in the Loppi database. The red lines show the class 1b lineaments, and the red zone on the right is the Porkkala – Mäntsälä shear zone, a class 1a lineament (lineaments have been drawn by Aimo Kuivamäki, see Appendix 1). Coordinates in 5-km-grid.

1.2 Search results from geological (field record) databases File: Winkalpea_litho_p.shp

GTK is maintaining and developing an Oracle-based digital storage for country-wide geological field observations and drill core logs, known also as Winkalpea and Winkaira databases, respectively. However, the data preceding 1980 have not been systematically entered into these databases. Because the geological mapping in the study area was done mainly in the 1960s, the coverage of Winkalpea records is poor in the study area (Fig. 12). The shapefile includes the locations of the field observations and one to four rock names for each record (in Finnish). A jpg image file of the Finnish legend (on the attached CD-ROM) can be explained using the simplified legend in Fig. 12. If needed, tectonic attributes and descriptive texts can be downloaded from the database.

Files: petrofys_p.shp & petrofys_rock_codes.xls

Records from the GTK Petrophysics database (extracted by H. Säävuori) can also be used to indicate rock types in given localities (Fig. 12). The attribute fields contain codes and lithological names for the samples; the hierarchy of the names (in Finnish and in English) is listed in a separate Excel file. The petrophysical attribute fields are density (kg/m3), susceptibility (10-6 SI) and, in part of the samples, remanent magnetization (10-3A/m).



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Fig. 12. Locations of lithological records in the study area, as searched from various GTK databases and reports. The rock types for symbols in the legends have been re-grouped and simplified from those in the shapefiles and databases.



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File: kivivara_litho_p.shp

Another Oracle database of GTK, Kivivara, is partly restricted, containing observations from various projects for evaluation of rocks suitable for construction materials, e.g. crushed rock aggregates, macadam etc. Search from this database produced 2400 records in the area of the four map sheets (Fig. 12). However, each rock type in any given locality (with the same id code) forms one record, and, hence, several rock types may plot at the same point.

The contents of the database are in Finnish, and at this phase of the programme only those attributes have been selected for use which describe the lithology, textures and structures observed in the field. A jpg image file of the Finnish rock type legend is included and can be explained with the simplified legend of Fig. 12.

Files: Raki_litho_p.shp & Raki_location_p.shp

Somewhat similar database as above is one which holds records of evaluation projects for new dimensional stone deposits. This kind of work has recently been carried out in the area of Askola municipality: unfortunately the field observations are presently lacking – only the id codes and coordinates exist in the database (Fig. 12). If needed, the contents of these observations can be found in the original field notes at GTK Espoo.

Another evaluation project was carried out about 10 years ago in Uusimaa (excluding Itä-Uusimaa). Alviola (1997) reports several targets in Pornainen, with descriptions and photographs of the polished plates of the rocks. The information by Alviola (1997) was entered into a shapefile: the targets plot in the middle of the Onkimaa granodiorite, reflecting the heterogeneous and migmatitic character of this granodiorite (Fig. 12). The attribute fields are in English. Points for stone quarries in Mäntsälä were included to show the locations where the Onkimaa granodiorite is being quarried and used as dimensional stone under trade name "Aurora". These quarries are within 3 to 4 km from "Impivaara", the road cutting which was sampled by M. Vaasjoki for dating the Onkimaa granodiorite (zircon age of 1873 Ma for the granodiorite; zircon & monazite age of 1836 Ma for a late orogenic pegmatite; Vaasjoki et al. 1981, 2003).

1.3 The Viipuri rapakivi granite area The reservation area of COGEMA has been delineated in the east to follow the contact of the

rapakivi granite area. The 1.64 Ga Viipuri (Wiborg) rapakivi batholith comprises many different granite varieties from hornblende granites to topaz-bearing microcline-albite granites, with bodies of contemporaneous mafic rocks. The normal type of rapakivi is called wiborgite, which is a coarse-grained porphyritic granite with ovoids of orthoclase surrounded by plagioclase mantles. In the western part of the Wiborg batholith, there are several stocks of other types of porphyritic and even-grained granites within wiborgite.

The aeroradiometric maps by GTK indicate that in the Wiborg rapakivi area uranium and thorium channel anomalies are caused by the granite stocks intruding the wiborgite. Some of these stocks are surrounded by a zone of dark-coloured wiborgite, and these zones are seen as ring-like patterns on magnetic maps. The highest uranium channel anomalies in rapakivi in the Loviisa flight area coincide with a well-exposed terrain in the middle of one of these zoned magnetic anomalies, a stock of even-grained rapakivi granite at Särkjärvi, Ruotsinpyhtää, 11 km east of Loviisa (Fig. 13). The Särkjärvi anomaly could be an interesting target for a field visit, added with a road cutting near Loviisa with a fluorite-mineralised fracture zone, estimated to give a date of 402±32 Ma (Sundblad et al. 2004).



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Fig. 13. The Särkjärvi stock in the Viipuri rapakivi batholith. Left, from top: geological map (Simonen 1965); U channel airborne radiometric map; U channel anomalies over 12 ppm eU (in red). Right, from top: two varieties of airborne magnetic map; geological index map, with limits of the reservation area. Coordinates in 500 m grid, in index map 50 km grid. Base map: National Land Survey of Finland, licence 13/MYY/05.

2. Suggested & realized targets for field visits during the field work period in May, 2005

Exploration field work was carried out by P. Kister, B. Magrina and J. Roux from COGEMA and O. Äikäs from GTK in May, 2005. The work included visits to the findings of past exploration in the Uusimaa area but most of the work consisted of follow-up of gamma-



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anomalies and other points that were considered worth checking on the basis of the geological and geophysical data. Drill cores and other samples were studied at the GTK Loppi depot for one day. K. Kinnunen from GTK assisted in mini-drill sampling for one week. T. Elminen and P. Sorjonen-Ward mapped key outcrops for their structural study in the area, using the same field base at Tukkila, Porvoo. A two-day field trip was organised in the area in May, together with the related Granite petrology project (Lauri & Rämö 2005). The results of the field work were summarized in a meeting in Vantaa in June (Magrina & Kister 2005), and, in September, in a one-week meeting & field trip session in Vantaa and in the study area (Kister & Magrina 2005).

Map sheet 2043

Ruokojärvi. U & Th in outcrops of Svecofennian migmatite with granitic neosome: a typical example of the primary mineralisations in the migmatites (Fig. 9). Ruokojärvi was visited in the first days: a good forest road leads to the site, where there are plenty of new outcrops. Radioactivity occurs mainly in the coarse-grained granitic parts of the outcrops, with some high readings from biotite-rich seams or fracture fillings (Fig. 14). Field notes were made by Kister & Magrina.

Fig. 14. One of the new Ruokojärvi outcrops, in which there is a radioactive seam of biotite and quartz in granite. Map sheet 2043 12, X 6706128 , Y 3415820. B. Magrina with SPP2, P. Kister taking notes.

Map sheet 2044

Luhti: claim ”Askola 15” by IVO, 1957-59; two kilometres SSW of the Luhti pit. U channel anomaly with a possible shift of 100 m to the N. The site was visited by Äikäs and again by Äikäs & Kinnunen; however, no gamma anomaly was found in the bedrock or in the soil,

Fig. 15. Track of the follow-up scintillometry at the target SSW of Luhti. Radiometric ratio (green to red) & magnetic map (grey), prepared from the GTK data by E. Heikkinen. Map sheet 2044 10. Base map: National Land Survey of Finland, licence 13/MYY/05.



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and there was no trace of previous exploration activity. On the map, the radioactive anomaly is right on a field ("Kaisanniittu"; Fig. 15). The rocks in the nearby outcrops are granitic with varying amounts of mica gneiss relics.

Luhti: old pit, detailed studies to check the sample dated by Brouand & Cuney (2004). The Luhti pit was visited and resampled during the first days. Field notes were made by P. Kister & B. Magrina. Luhti was visited and sampled (M. Cuney) also on the September field trip.

Impivaara: road cut in the Onkimaa granodiorite, reference site for isotopic dating; Svecofennian synorogenic granodiorite & late/postorogenic pegmatite (Vaasjoki et al. 2003). Impivaara site was visited a couple of times by the field group and on the field trip in May.

Onkimaa U deposit (Fig. 10) was visited by the exploration team and the field trip team. Field notes were made by P. Kister & B. Magrina.

Like Onkimaa, uraniferous granites of Junninsuo (Fig.11) were visited twice and sampled later for the Granite petrology project (Lauri & Rämö 2005).

Map sheet 3021

Porvoo fire station ("Itä-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitos" in the phone directory) is situated north of the Porvoo motorway on map sheet 3021 02, with well exposed outcrops (Fig. 16) next to the building on the property. These outcrops have registered the history of intrusive and metamorphic rocks, migmatisation, structural geology, alteration and uranium mineralisation typical of the study area. First visited by O. Äikäs on June 3, these outcrops were studied, photographed and sampled on the September field trip.

Fig. 16. Epidote-bearing remnant of mafic volcanics (?) in coarse-grained granites which show intensive hematisation and drusy quartz in places. The hammer is resting on a red, radioactive zone. Porvoo fire station, map sheet 3021 02, X 6698636, Y 3423484.



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Alho: a recently felled area by the road – north and west of the sites of the two Alho boulders – was mapped for new boulders by Magrina & Kister (2005). The Alho boulder IVO-9 (cover photo) was shown to P. Kister and B. Magrina at Loppi.

What was expected to be the "Alho radioactive vein" (description of R. Lauerma translated in Äikäs 2003) southwest of the site of these boulders, was also studied and sampled by Kister, Magrina and Kinnunen (Magrina & Kister 2005). Some 40-50 m southwest of this outcrop there is a set of old pits which have seemingly been dug for uranium exploration in the 1950s. The pits are badly caved in (Fig. 17), and might need stripping with an excavator to find out whether the old "Alho vein" is the same as visible in the nearby outcrop. Both of these Alho targets were visited in the September field trip.

Fig. 17. Remnants of old pits or trenches SW of the outcrop of "Alho vein". Some of the boulders of the Nietoonmetsä fan (Fig. 6) were studied and sampled close to

the road. The two best boulders (Fig. 18) were seen at Loppi, and slices of them were given to P. Kister; these boulders differ from the more coarse-grained granites which are the most common radioactive rock types in the Nietoonmetsä fan.

Fig. 18. Samples of the two best boulders of Nietoonmetsä (SJR-79-36 and 47) photographed at Loppi; see Äikäs (2003).



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Map sheet 3022

One of the old pits in Monninkylä, Askola was visited in May by Äikäs with an amateur prospector Jouni Virtanen (from Monninkylä; Virtanen discovered the first boulder at the Särkijärvi prospect in 1981). Virtanen also showed a couple of other findings or drilling sites of the previous exploration projects (Fig. 19). At Monninkylä, a new house was under construction 80 m south of the old pit. Later, field notes were made at the pit by P. Kister & B. Magrina.

Fig. 19. Location of the old pit at Monninkylä, Askola, with other sites visited by J. Virtanen & O. Äikäs. The drilling was done by IVO in late 1950s. Radioactive biotite-rich body with some molybdenite (in an outcrop of pegmatitic granite, X 6711216, Y 3418806) was found by GTK in the 1970s. Geophysics and base map as in Fig. 14.

Kiviniittu is a past diamond drilling prospect in the attempts of GTK to find the mother lode of the Alho boulders, located in a 700 m long, SE-NW directed valley under a forested swamp, 4-4.5 km NW of Alho (see reports by Appelqvist, referred in Äikäs 2003). A traverse across the swamp and the drilling grid were shown to P. Kister and B. Magrina in the field.

Outcrops in an abandoned gravel pit at Palonmäki, one kilometre northwest of Kiviniittu turned out to serve as a good field trip stop, where the occurrence of radioactivity in the migmatites and younger granites can be demonstrated. These outcrops were studied and sampled for the Granite petrology project.

Lakeakallio was visited twice, for studying & sampling and for the May field trip. The pit Lakeakallio S (Figs. 7 and 8) is covered with soil, and the buildings of the IVO "field laboratory" are dismantled; this target is totally restored. A type specimen of the Lakeakallio ore was seen at Loppi (Fig. 20). In the western part of Lakeakallio several shallow canals were found, probably blasted into the bedrock in the 1950s (Fig. 20). No trace of a pit was found in that part of Lakeakallio.



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Fig. 20. Left: Coarse-grained garnet-biotite-quartz rock, a type specimen of the uranium ore from Lakeakallio, Askola, photographed at Loppi. Right: shallow blasted pit in the bedrock in the western part of Lakeakallio. Map sheet 3022 01, X 6712452, Y 3423647.

Särkijärvi. At the Särkijärvi prospect in Askola, the location of the radioactive boulders, the sites of the (covered) trenches and one of the drill holes were seen. However, the reddish, altered granite type of the boulders could only be seen at Loppi. One sample of this type is in the possession of Mr. Virtanen in Monninkylä (Fig. 21).

Fig. 21. Boulder samples from the Särkijärvi prospect: three faces of sample HA-8-1 photographed at Loppi, and part of the original layman sample by Jouni Virtanen, photographed at his home in Monninkylä, Askola.

The Naarkoski outcrop, which has been sampled for isotopic & palaeomagnetic dating (see Äikäs 2003) was one of the stops of the field trips in May and in September, and was studied and sampled by P. Kister and B. Magrina.



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3. Conclusions on the study of historical indications Most important findings of the past exploration projects by various companies and by the

GTK have been covered in the Itä-Uusimaa area during the COGEMA field trips of 2001 and 2003, and the field work period in May, 2005. Some of the reported targets could not be found (e.g. a uranium showing east of Askola, marked on a map of Laitakari & Simonen (1962). On the other hand, some old workings were found that are not reported, for instance several blasted outcrops of radioactive granite in the Pykälistö subzone of Magrina & Kister (2005).

The coverage of low-altitude aerogeophysics in this area was still limited in the 1980s when the last exploration projects were carried out by GTK. Hence, the knowledge on the distribution of radioactivity was partly based on ground scintillometry, carborne spectrometry and high-altitude (150 m) aeroradiometrics (Appelqvist 1972). The present aerogeophysical data are from surveys in 1999 (Helsinki area), 2000 (Lahti area) and 2001 (Loviisa area). Respectively, new findings could be expected at least on the eastern halves of map sheets 3021 and 3022, close to the rapakivi area.

4. Other areas Map sheet 2014 Tammisaari

Oy Atomienergia AB held a claim over an ancient iron mine Malmberg in Kisko, Western Uusimaa in 1956-59. No documents are available (or preserved) anymore, although it is known that the company did some diamond drilling for uranium at Malmberg (deposit Malmberg-U, see Äikäs 2000). Later Outokumpu Oy carried out scintillometry on the waste rock heaps, but again: no documents exist. To check this information Äikäs visited Malmberg locality in May, and found radioactive rocks in the waste rock dump of one of the old shafts in that area (Fig. 22). Five samples from the dump were cut in Kuopio and slices were given to the COGEMA field group. The mineralised samples show pitchblende-carbonate veins cutting across magnetite-garnet rock and magnetite-carbonate-calc silicate rock (Svecofennian "skarn iron ore").

Fig. 22. Location of the radioactive samples on top of one of the waste rock dumps at Malmberg. The line drawn in the picture shows the margin of the Natura protection area (front part in the picture).



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An area of 8.4 hectares around the ancient Malmberg mine shafts belongs to a Natura protection target FI0200050 Korkeaniemenkallio in Kisko. In the Natura map files (GTK GIS database; updated on October 5, 2005 on the basis of updates by the Finnish Environment Institute SYKE on June 2, 2005), the waste rock dump with radioactive rocks is just outside the border of the Natura target. As found on the September field trip, however, signs and poles had been posted up in the area during summer 2005 to guide visitors; poles were found also on top of this waste dump, outside the margins on the map. According to the instructions (Fig. 23), sampling for rocks is allowed for scientific purposes with a special permit of the Regional Environment Centre of SW Finland.

Fig. 23. Instructions for visitors in the Malmberg protection area, posted up by the Regional Environment Centre of SW Finland in summer 2005.

5. Itä-Uusimaa area: type of uranium mineralisation In his numerous reports on the uranium prospects of Itä-Uusimaa, Appelqvist has

described the hunt for the mother lode of the Alho boulders (see Äikäs 2003). He concludes his message in the Särkijärvi report (Appelqvist 1985d): "The uraniferous boulders of Särkijärvi show evidence of such a process that also produced the uranium ore in the Alho boulders. Hydrothermal fluids have altered and mineralised a rock already broken by shearing. The grade of mineralisation is relative to the permeability of the rock, so that rich boulders are of a brittle and broken granite, and the low-grade boulders are of a tougher hornblende gneiss." According to Appelqvist (op. cit.), what was seen in the stripped bedrock at Särkijärvi was a tiny spot of hematite, goethite and uraninite in a strongly altered, broken granite, with no continuation at depth. He concluded that the mineralised fluids could have been supergene, representing a Palaeozoic unconformity type deposition as suggested in Vaasjoki et al. (1981).

The Alho boulders, one of the Nietoonmetsä boulders (Fig. 18) and some of the Särkijärvi boulders (Fig 21) belong to the type described by Appelqvist above. The exploration in the Itä-Uusimaa area in May 2005 led to discoveries of a similar type in bedrock at Huuvari and in one boulder in Suojala (Magrina & Kister 2005). The mineralised outcrop of Huuvari resembles the mineralised bedrock in the Särkijärvi trenches, both by type and by size. The radioactive soil found in the topographic low next to the Huuvari outcrop indicates that labile uranium occurs in the groundwater of that area, as is previously shown by the high contents of radon and uranium in the wells of the Särkijärvi – Huuvari area (Hyyppä & Juntunen 1977).



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Some 150 km NW of Östersund, within the central Swedish Caledonides, the Lilljuthatten uranium deposit is situated in a Precambrian window, which is mainly composed of the coarse-grained and porphyritic Olden granite. Dolerite dykes intrude the granite. Uranium occurs within the granite as pitchblende, forming impregnations and up to 5 mm thick joint fillings along mafic-rich crush zones. The textures of the granite are typical of a hydrothermal breccia with dark coloration. The pitchblende is dated to an age of 420 ± 3 Ma. The Lilljuthatten deposit is estimated to contain at least 2,000 tonnes of uranium with an average grade of 0.2 % U (Stuckless et al. 1982, Thunholm et al. 2005). The model proposed by Stuckless et al. (1982) for the mineralisation involves the granite both as the source and host rock for the uranium; hydrothermal alteration and fracturing of the granite would have been a response to the Caledonian orogeny together with mobilisation of uranium and precipitation of it in open fractures. The dates of the uranium mineralisation at Lilljuthatten compare well with recent datings from Itä-Uusimaa samples, 417±52 Ma Särkijärvi pitchblende and 457±29 Ma Alho pitchblende (Brouand & Cuney 2004, Chemillac et al. 2005, Mathieu & Kister 2005). The alteration in the Olden granite, preceding the mineralisation of uranium, was biotitic whereas the alteration in the Itä-Uusimaa is more of a "red rock" type hematitic alteration. Similarities in source rock and basement geology, in fracture controlled mineralisation and in the age range of uranium minerals might encourage for closer comparison between the Itä-Uusimaa area in Finland and the Olden-Hotagen area in Sweden.



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References & papers from the area Äikäs, O. 2000. FinU – a database on uranium deposits in Finland. 33 p. Geological Survey of Finland, unpublished report CM60/2000/1.

Äikäs, O. 2003. Uranium in the Itä-Uusimaa area, Finland. 34 p. Geological Survey of Finland, unpublished report CM60/2003/2.

Alviola, R. 1997. Uudenmaan liiton alueen rakennuskiviesiintymien etsintäkartoitus. Osa II: Mäntsälän–Pornaisten alueen uudet rakennuskiviesiintymät. Uudenmaan liiton julkaisuja C22. 20 p. (in Finnish)

Appelqvist, H. 1972. Selostus geologisen tutkimuslaitoksen uraanitutkimuksista Askolan alueella kesinä 1970-1971. 20 p. Geological Survey of Finland, unpublished report M19/3022/72/1/10. (in Finnish)

Appelqvist, H. 1974a. Selostus geologisen tutkimuslaitoksen uraanitutkimuksista Mäntsälän alueella kesinä 1972-1973. 8 p. Geological Survey of Finland, unpublished report M19/2044/73/2/10. (in Finnish)

Appelqvist, H. 1974b. Selostus geologisen tutkimuslaitoksen uraanitutkimuksista Mäntsälän Onkimaalla vuosina 1972-1974. 12 p. Geological Survey of Finland, unpublished report M19/2044/74/4/10. (in Finnish)

Appelqvist, H. 1982. Uraanitutkimukset Askolan Lakeakallion alueella vuosina 1978-1980. 23 p. Geological Survey of Finland, unpublished report M 19/3022/-82/1/60. (in Finnish)

Appelqvist, H. 1985a. Tutkimustyöselostus Askolasta valtausalueella Kiviniittu 1, kaiv.rek. N:o 3137/1 suoritetuista malmitutkimuksista. 3 p. Geological Survey of Finland, unpublished report M06/3022/-85/1/10. (in Finnish)

Appelqvist, H. 1985b. Uraanitutkimukset Askolan Nietoonmetsän ja Kiviniitun alueilla vuosina 1979-1984. 15 p. Geological Survey of Finland, unpublished report M19/3022 01/-85/1/60. (in Finnish)

Appelqvist, H. 1985c. Tutkimustyöselostus Askolasta valtausalueella Huuvari 1, kaiv:rek.N:o 3360/1 suoritetuista malmitutkimuksista. 3 p. Geological Survey of Finland, unpublished report M06/3022/-85/2/10. (in Finnish)

Appelqvist, H. 1985d. Uraanitutkimukset Askolan Särkijärven alueella vuosina 1981-1984. 19 p. Geological Survey of Finland, unpublished report M19/3022 01/-85/2/60. (in Finnish)

Appelqvist, H. 1987. Raskasmineraalitutkimukset Porvoon mlk:n Alhon alueella vuonna 1985. 6 p. Geological Survey of Finland, unpublished report M19/3021 03/-86/1/60. (in Finnish)

Appelqvist, H. 1988a. Malminetsintään soveltuvan materiaalin alueellista tarkastelua itäisellä Uudellamaalla olevalla kohdealueella. 6 p. Geological Survey of Finland, unpublished report M10/2044/-88/3/10. (in Finnish)

Appelqvist, H. 1988b. Uraanitutkimukset Pernajan Käldössä vuonna 1979. 9 p. Geological Survey of Finland, unpublished report M19/3021 11/-88/1/60. (in Finnish)

Appelqvist, H. & Kinnunen, K. 1977. Raportti geologisen tutkimuslaitoksen uraanitutkimuksista Askolan-Porvoon alueella 1976-1977. 12 p. Geological Survey of Finland, unpublished report M19/3022/77/1/10. (in Finnish)

Blomqvist, R. 1977. Tutkimus Mäntsälän uraaniaiheen eräiden näytteiden petrografisesta koostumuksesta ja radioaktiivisten mineraalien esiintymisestä niissä. 6 p. Geological Survey of Finland, unpublished report M 41/2044/-77/1. (in Finnish)

Brouand, M. & Cuney, M. 2004. IMS3F ion microprobe U/Pb isotopic dating of uranium oxides from the Alho and Luhti uranium showings (Finland). CREGU. 6 p.

Chemillac, R., Kister, P. & Mathieu, R. 2005. Synthesis 9284-9285. Finland, New Projects, Särkijärvi. Unpublished report COGEMA/BUM/DEX/TG, 30 p.

Härme, M. 1969. Kallioperäkartta – Pre-Quaternary rocks, sheet 2043, Kerava. Suomen geologinen kartta – Geological map of Finland 1:100 000. Geological Survey of Finland.

Härme, M. 1978. Keravan ja Riihimäen kartta-alueitten kallioperä. Summary: Precambrian rocks of the Kerava and Riihimäki map-sheet areas. Suomen geologinen kartta 1:100 000: kallioperäkartan selitykset lehti 2043, 2044. 51 p.

Hirvas, H. & Hakala, P. 1982. Malminetsintää palvelevat esitutkimukset Porvoon mlk:n Sikilässä kl. 3022 04. 2 p. Geological Survey of Finland, unpublished report P 13.2.033. (in Finnish)



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Hirvas, H. & Nenonen, K. 1979. Malminetsintää palvelevat maaperätutkimukset Peräpohjakan- Mäntsälän alueella 28.5.-8.6.79. 3 p. Geological Survey of Finland, unpublished report P 13.2.012. (in Finnish)

Hirvas, H. & Nenonen, K. 1980a. Malminetsintää palvelevat maaperätutkimukset Askolan Nietoossa ja Porvoon mlk:n Alhossa. 7 p. Geological Survey of Finland, unpublished report P 13.2.015. (in Finnish)

Hirvas, H. & Nenonen, K. 1980b. Malminetsintää palvelevat maaperätutkimukset Porvoon maalaiskunnan Venjärvellä kl. 3021 06. 5 p. Geological Survey of Finland, unpublished report P 13.2.016. (in Finnish)

Huhta, P. & Hakala, P. 1985. Malminetsintää palvelevat maaperätutkimukset Askolan Särkijärvellä kl. 3022 01. 3 p. Geological Survey of Finland, unpublished report P 13.2.067. (in Finnish)

Hyppönen, V. 1968. Uraanimalmitutkimukset Pernajan Käldön saaressa 1967. Suomen Malmi Oy, unpublished report. 5 p. (in Finnish)

Hyyppä, J.& Juntunen, R. 1977. Tiedonanto Askolan ja Porvoon mlk:n pohjavesien radon- ja uraanipitoisuuksista. Geologi 29 (3), 40-42. (in Finnish)

Hyyryläinen, S. 1970. Alhon uraanimalmiaiheen jatkotutkimus 1969-70. Geological Survey of Finland, unpublished report X117. 2 p (in Finnish)

Kaitaro, S. 1956. Kallioperäkartta – Pre-Quaternary rocks, sheet 2044 Riihimäki, 1956. Suomen geologinen kartta – Geological map of Finland 1:100 000. Geological Survey of Finland.

Kauranne, L.-M. 1977. Raportti Geologisen tutkimuslaitoksen malmiosaston tekemistä uraanitutkimuksista Askolan ja Pukkilan ympäristössä kesällä 1977. 12 p. Geological Survey of Finland, unpublished report M60/3022/77/3/10. (in Finnish)

Ketola, M., Piiroinen, E., Sarikkola, R. 1975. On feasibility of airborne radiometric surveys for uranium exploration in Finland. Tiivistelmä: Aeroradiometristen mittausten käyttömahdollisuuksista uraaninetsinnässä Suomessa . Geological Survey of Finland. Report of Investigation 7. 43 p.

Kinnunen, K. 1976. Porvoon maalaiskunnan uraniniittipitoisen lohkareen (näyte 9/IVO/-56) syntylämpötila. 1 p. Geological Survey of Finland, unpublished report M19/3021/76/2/10. (in Finnish)

Kister, P. & Magrina, B. 2005. Itä Uusimaa reservation (Finland). Geological assessments for licence claiming. Unpublished report COGEMA/BUM/DEX/PN, 60 p.

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Koistinen, T. J. (ed.) 1996. Explanation to the map of Precambrian basement of the Gulf of Finland and surrounding area 1 : 1 mill. Geological Survey of Finland. Special Paper 21. 141 p.

Koljonen, T. (ed.) 1992. Suomen geokemian atlas. Osa 2: Moreeni. The Geochemical Atlas of Finland. Part2: Till. Espoo: Geologian tutkimuskeskus. 218 p.

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Laasasenaho, M. 1976. Väliraportti geofysiikan osaston radiometrisistä maastomittauksista vuosina 1974-1976. Geological Survey of Finland, unpublished report Q 25.70/76/1. 14 p. (in Finnish)

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Laitala, M. 1973. On the Precambrian bedrock and its structure in the Pellinge region, South Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Bull. 264. 76 p.

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Mikkola, P. 1976. Gamma-säteily- ja magneettiset mittaukset Junninsuon ympäristössä 1976-10-18…11-02. Suomen Malmi Oy. Geological Survey, unpublished reports M60/2044/76/1. 5 p. (in Finnish)

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Appendix 1. Topographic lineament map

Topographic lineament interpretation by Aimo Kuivamäki, GTK. Lineament classes in decreasing order: 1a (pink), 1b (black), 2 (blue) and 3 (green). Each class is given as one shapefile.

Lineament class Width on surface (m) Length (km) 1a from n * 100 to 1000 from n * 10 to n * 100

1b from 100 to n * 100 from 5 to n* 10

2 10 – 100 1 – 5

3 << 10 < 1



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Appendix 2. Contents of the attached CD-ROM

Directory: GTK_report_CM_60_2005_1_Aikas

2 files: the report in MS Word and pdf formats

Subdirectory: Kisko_area_images_and_shapefiles

32 files

Subdirectory: lineaments_kuivamaki

15 files, mainly shapefiles

The ArcView project file (apr) needs proper paths in new environments

Subdirectory: Plates_in_Ketola_et_al_1975

7 ecw files, scanned images of Askola area from the published GTK report

Subdirectory: Report_figures

39 files, jpg images of the figures in the report

Subdirectory: shapefiles

115 files, ArcView shapefiles described in the report & auxiliary Excel and jpg files

Documents

Olli Äikäs Geological Survey of Finland Report CM 60/2005/1tupa.gtk.fi/raportti/arkisto/m60_2005_1.pdf · FinU1 GTK Report M60/2005/1 GTK/COGEMA 18.11.2005 Page 1 Olli Äikäs Geological