Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Oklahoma Department
of Corrections
DUI Offender Profile
Analyzing differences between DUI-specific and general population prison receptions, incarcerates
and prison releases.
OverviewPurpose:To profile and discuss statistical differences between DUI-specific and overall population offenders who have been or are currently imprisoned by the Oklahoma Department of Corrections.
DUI offenders discussed are those imprisoned for:• DUI – Liquor or Drugs /APCV• DUI – Liquor or Drugs/APCV (after former conviction of a felony)• Personal Injury Accident while DUI• Manslaughter, First Degree while DUI
Three sections include:• Prison Receptions (5 years)• Current Incarcerates• Prison Releases (5 years)
Prison ReceptionsComparisons between DUI-specific and all prison receptions for a five-year period
Receptions - Offense Type
FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY110
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
DUI - Controlling DUI - Only DUI - Any Active All Recepetions
DU
I R
ecep
tion
s
All
Recep
tion
s
Receptions – General Info
Age
Average Age 41.8 years 34.5 years
Race/Ethnicity
Asian 0.1% 0.3%
African American 12% 27%
Caucasian 62% 54%
Hispanic 9% 8%
Native American 17% 10%
Other 0.2% 0.2%
Gender DUI Receptions
All Receptions
Male 91% 85%
Female 9% 15%
DUI offenders tend to be more male, older in age, with a higher representation among Caucasians and Native Americans and a lower representation among
African Americans than all prison receptions.
Receptions – Assessed Security LevelDUI Receptions
Maximum Medium Minimum
All Receptions
Maximum Medium Minimum
DUI receptions are more likely to be assessed to be in need of a minimum security level while incarcerated than the general prison receptions
population.
Receptions – Sentence LengthDUI
ReceptionsAvg. Sentence Length (yrs.)
Minimum Sentence
Maximum Sentence
Male 4.0 15 Days 25 Years
Female 3.7 30 Days 20 Years
Total 3.9 15 Days 25 Years
Though the average sentence length for DUI offenses is not the same for each year’s reception population, it has remained fairly constant – ranging from 3.7 to 4.3 years – and averages 3.9 years for the five-year time frame.
The same trend applies to all receptions.
All Receptions
Avg. Sentence Length (yrs.)
Minimum Sentence
Maximum Sentence
Male 6.8 15 Days 999 Years
Female 5.4 25 Days 65 Years
Total 6.6 15 Days 999 YearsNote: Life, Life without Parole, and Death sentences were removed.
Receptions – Sentence Length by Race
DUI Receptions All Receptions0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
Asian African American Caucasian Hispanic Native American Other
Avera
ge
Sen
ten
ce
Len
gth
Native American DUI receptions received the longest average sentence length, 4.3 years.
Regarding all receptions, African Americans received the longest average sentence, 7.0 years.
Note: Life, Life without Parole, and Death sentence were removed.
Receptions – Avg. Sent. Length by County
DUI Receptions
Okla. Pott. Tulsa Creek Carter0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
All Receptions
Okla. Cleve. Tulsa Pott. Coman.0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
Oklahoma County is among the top five counties sending offenders to prison. More interesting is that it also has the highest average sentence for
controlling crimes, ranging between one and two years longer.
Avera
ge S
en
ten
ce
Len
gth
Avera
ge S
en
ten
ce
Len
gth
Note: Life, Life without Parole, and Death sentences were removed.
Receptions – Prior Offense Types
DUI Receptions All Receptions
Offender Type Number Percent Number Percent
Alcohol-related 1,297 54% 3,510 9%
Drug-related 450 19% 11,569 28%
Violent 517 21% 7,664 19%
Non-violent 1,684 70% 21,823 53%
DUI offenders tend to have a greater representation in regards to prior alcohol-related offenses for which the offender was ordered to
imprisonment by the Oklahoma Department of Corrections.
Receptions – LSI-R Elements
Element DUI Receptions
All Receptions
Crim. History – Three or more prior convictions 78% 55%
Crim. History – Arrested under age of 16 18% 31%
Crim. History – Official record of assault/violence
46% 57%
Financial – Reliance upon social assistance 30% 33%
Alcohol/Drug – Alcohol problem in lifetime 98% 60%
Alcohol/Drug – Drug problem in lifetime 88% 82%
Alcohol/Drug – Marital/Family problems 84% 66%
Alcohol/Drug – School/Work problems 70% 56%
Alcohol/Drug – Medical Problems 10% 7%
The LSI-R is comprised of 10 Subscales (e.g., Criminal History, Financial) which contain varying numbers elements or questions. The assessment helps to
determine the risk of reoffending.
Receptions – LSI-R Risk LevelDUI Receptions
High Moderate Low Not Assessed
All Receptions
High Moderate Low Not Assessed
Based on responses to LSI-R elements, a risk level is determined (i.e., High, Moderate, Low). DUI offenders are slightly more represented in the
Moderate category, whereas all receptions are more evenly split between Moderate and High.
Receptions – Programmatic Needs
DUI Offenders All Receptions0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Substance Abuse Cognitive Behavioral Education
DUI receptions are more likely to be assessed with a Moderate to High need for substance abuse treatment than the general population, 82% vs.
67%.
Perc
en
t in
N
eed
Receptions – TABE Scores
Math Reading Language Total Battery6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
DUI Receptions All Receptions
TABE stands for Test of Adult Basic Education and it assesses the individual’s skill level in various subjects. Average TABE scores are
generally the same for both populations, DUI and all receptions, resulting in an average total battery grade level of 6.7.
Avera
ge G
rad
e
Level
Receptions – Mental Health Level
DUI Receptions
A B C1 C2 D No known Unknown
All Receptions
A B C1 C2 D No known Unknown
Approximately 41% of DUI offenders and 48% of all offenders have been assessed with a MHL of A – D. Of those with a MHL A-D, the majority are
assessed B.
Incarcerated OffendersComparisons between the DUI and general prison population
DUI Incarcerates – Offense Type
Male Female Total0
300
600
900
1,200
DUI - Only DUI Controlling DUI - Any Active
Approximately 25,600 offenders are currently incarcerated; 23,000 males and 2,600 females. Offenders serving time on a controlling DUI conviction
account for 2.5% of the population; males – 2.5% and females – 2.0%.
Nu
mb
er
of
Off
en
ders
Incarcerates – General InfoCategory DUI
IncarceratesAll Incarcerates
Male 92% 90%
Female 8% 10%
Average Age 43.6 years 38.4 years
Average Sentence Length 5.4 years 15.4 years
Top County of Conviction Tulsa Oklahoma
Note: Life, Life without Parole, and Death removed when determining average sentence.
DUI Offenders are slightly more male and higher in age than the general incarcerated population. They are also, on average, serving considerably
shorter sentences for their controlling offense when compared to all incarcerates.
Incarcerates – Race/Ethnicity
DUI Incarcerates
Asian
African American
Caucasian
Hispanic
Native American
Other
All Incarcerates
Asian
African American
Caucasian
Hispanic
Native American
Other
Caucasians make up the majority of both DUI and general incarcerates, however there is a greater representation of Native-American offenders and fewer African-American offenders when compared to the entire population.
Incarcerates – Facility Type
DUI Incarcerates All Incarcerates0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
State Institutions Private Prisons County Jail Programs Comm. Corr. CentersComm. Work Centers Halfway Houses GPS/EMP
Many more of the DUI offenders when compared to the general population are housed at Community-level facilities, which are no higher than
Minimum security.
Perc
en
t of
Incarc
era
tes
Incarcerates – Active Offenses
Offense Type DUI All Incarcerates
Drug-related 3% 37%
Violent 7% 52%
Non-violent 93% 48%
Split Sentence 24% 25%
The overall incarcerated population tends to have a greater representation of violent offenders than the DUI-specific population
due to higher crime categories and longer sentences, which keep them imprisoned for longer periods of time.
Incarcerates – Earned Credit LevelDUI Incarcerates
C1 C2 C3 C3L C4 C4L
All Incarcerates
C1 C2 C3 C3L C4 C4L
Offenders earn good time credits based on their behavior and the accumulation of these credits reduce the time the offender is imprisoned.
DUI offenders and all incarcerates both have a similar representation in the highest credit level category (Level 4), 43% and 49%, respectively.
Incarcerates – Proj. Days Remaining
Days Remaining DUI Incarcerates
All Incarcerates
1-90 Days 15% 5%
91-180 Days 13% 6%
181-270 Days 13% 5%
271-365 Days 13% 5%
366-547 Days 14% 10%
548-730 Days 9% 8%
731+ Days 23% 61%
As the average sentence length of the DUI population is much shorter than all incarcerates, the projected time until release is shorter as well. The
majority are projected to release in less than two years.
Prison ReleasesComparisons between DUI-specific and general prison releases for a five-year period.
Releases – Offense Type
FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY110
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
DUI - Controlling DUI - Only DUI - Any Active All Releases
DU
I R
ele
ases
All
Rele
ases
Releases – General InfoCategory DUI Releases All Releases
Male 91% 85%
Female 9% 15%
Average Age 43.0 years 36.8 years
Average Sentence Length 3.8 years 6.4 years
DUI prison releases are slightly more male and higher in age than all prison releases. They are also, on average, serving considerably shorter sentences for their controlling offense when compared to all releases.
Releases – Sentence & Time Served
Males
DUI Releases General Releases0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
Sentence Time Served
Females
DUI Releases General Releases0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
Sentence Time Served
Based on average controlling offense sentence length and average time served, offenders are serving approximately 47% of their sentence.
This is true for males and females, DUI-specific and general releases.
Avera
ge
Len
gth
Avera
ge
Len
gth
Releases – LSI-R Risk LevelDUI Releases
High ModerateLow Not Assessed
All Releases
High ModerateLow Not Assessed
DUI releases tend to represent the Moderate Risk category more so than all prison releases.
Releases – Met Program Needs
Sub. Abuse Cog. Behav.
Education0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Need Met Need
Sub. Abuse Cog. Behav. Education0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Need Met Need
DUI Releases All Releases
Perc
en
t N
eed
s
Perc
en
t N
eed
s
Regarding both populations, approximately 25% or fewer specific needs are being met prior to the offender discharging from prison. However, more DUI
offenders completed Substance Abuse treatment than all releases.
Releases – Post-prison Supervision
DUI Releases All Releases0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
P&P Supervision No Supervision
Perc
en
t of
Rele
ases
Fewer DUI offenders released from prison to ODOC probation or parole supervision when compared to all prison releases.
Releases – Returns to Prison
Recidivism Rate
DUI All ReleasesNumber Percent Number Percent
Male 530 19.1% 8,710 25.5%
Female 25 11.1% 1,039 17.0%
Recidivism is defined as returning to an ODOC reception center within three years of releasing from prison. Statistics are based on Fiscal Year 2004 through Fiscal Year 2008 prison releases. DUI offenders recidivate less
frequently than the overall prison release population.
New DUI Sentence
DUI All ReleasesNumber Percent Number Percent
Male 414 78.1% 868 9.9%
Female 19 76.0% 60 5.8%
ConclusionsSeveral concluding remarks can be made regarding offender profile differences:
1. DUI prison receptions and prison releases have remained relatively constant over the past five years.
2. DUI imprisonments when compared to all ODOC imprisoned offenders are generally more moderate-risk and are in need of lower security levels.
3. DUI imprisonments have a higher need for substance abuse treatment than the overall imprisoned population, but this need is only being met, at best, for 25% of the offenders.
4. The recidivism rate for DUI offenders is generally lower than the recidivism rate for all prison releases.
Contact InformationLaura J. Pitman, Ph.D.Deputy Director, Female Offender OperationsE-mail: [email protected]
Clint CastleberryAdministrator, Programs UnitE-mail: [email protected]
Renée M. PhilippStatistical Analyst, Evaluation and Analysis UnitE-mail: [email protected]
