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Sustainable Agriculture Indicators

FFP M&E Workshop

Aug 20-23/Aug 27-30, 2007

Philip Steffen EGAT/AGWoody Navin EGAT/AG

Adam Reinhart EGAT/AG

USAID


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Outline

1. Conceptual Basis for Sustainable Agriculture

2. Define terms in the FFP sustainable agriculture indicators

3. Review the sustainable agriculture questions in the SAPQ

4. Examples of successful sustainable agriculture

interventions

5. Accessing Technical Assistance6. Case Study Agriculture Program in Drylandique MYAP

7. Break-out Group Exercise


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1. Sustainable Agriculture

What is it?

We can discuss the properties of Agro-ecosystems

Conways three properties are:

Productivity

Stability

Resiliency

Source: Conway, G.R. and Barbier, E.B. 1990.After the Green Revolution. Sustainable

Agriculture for Development.Earthscan, London. 205 p.


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1. ProductivityNet increment of

valued product

per unit of

resource (kg/ha

for example)


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1. StabilityDegree to which

productivity

remains constant

over time when

not faced with ashock (1/CV

productivity)


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1. ResiliencyThe ability of a

system to

maintain or

recover

productivity

when subject to

stress or shock.


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2. Define terms in FFP sustainable agriculture indicatorsPerformance Indicator Reference Sheet (PIRS)

Producers

Producers harvest food, feed and fiber

Food includes grain, fruits and vegetables,

livestock, aquaculture, as well as natural products

Producers may also engage in processing andmarketing of food, feed and fiber

Producers may reside in settled communities,

refugee/IDP camps or be pastoralists


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2. Define terms in FFP sustainable agriculture indicators

Project-defined minimum

Projects will define a set of technologies appropriatefor the production systems in the program area

Projects will determine the minimum number of

those technologies targeted for adoption by program

beneficiaries


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Agricultural Technologies

Agriculture technologies refer to

The practices of combining of land, labor, capital,and knowledge to

Produce, market, distribute, utilize, and trade food,

feed, and fiber

Some examples: planting in rows, rotation, integratedfarming systems, water conservation/harvesting,cover cropping, etc.


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A sustainable agriculture system

Nurtures natural resources and maintains ecological

balance

Is driven by market demand and economically viable

Ensures local replicability, gender equity, and social

acceptability

Generates predictable income

Considers availability of household labor and

seasonality of labor demand


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2. Elements of Sustainability:A Partial Checklist (a)

Consider agricultural activities best adapted to the

soils, slope and agro-ecological conditions

Consider sources of technical assistance,

technology, input supply and extension support

and farmer previous experience with the technology

Assess the level and source of market demand for

the product


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2. Elements of Sustainability:A Partial Checklist (b)

Ensure community involvement in planning,

implementation, monitoring and evaluation forownership and understanding

Determine optimum scale of the activity

Evaluate policy, legal, customary and cultural

context to see that the activity fits

Keep it simple. Focus on priorities. Dont be overly

ambitious and consign those taking over to failure


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2. Elements of Sustainability:A Partial Checklist (c)

1. Is the activity sustainable without continuous external

support?

2. An activity cannot be sustainable if it comes at a cost.

For example, it should not

Harm the environment

Destroy socio-economic relations increase tensions and the potential for conflict

3. The activity should do no harm


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2. Elements of a Sustainable Livelihood

Livelihoods are sustainable when they:

Are resilient in the face of external shocks and stresses

Are not dependent upon external support

Maintain the long-term productivity of natural resources

Do not undermine the livelihoods of others or

compromise the livelihood options open to others

(Source: DFID)


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3. Sustainable Agriculture Questions in the StandardizedAnnual Performance Questionnaire (SAPQ)

Number of farmers (individuals) that received

extension/outreach services during the FY Number of sustainable agricultural technologies

being transferred

A list of those technologies

The minimum number of technologies that farmersare expected to use

The percentage of beneficiaries (individual farmers)

who use that minimum number of technologies


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3. Sustainable Agriculture in the SAPQ (Part II)

Number of farmers (individuals) that received

extension/outreach services during the FY

Relatively straight forward

Disaggregate by gender (M/F)

Number of sustainable agricultural technologies

being transferred

Less straight forward, what is an agricultural technology?

Germplasm, fertilizer type or timing, row spacing?

Is a package one or more technologies?

Use your judgment, but make it logical and defendable, as

guidance from FFP is limited


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A list of those technologies

Very straightforward

The minimum number of technologies that farmers

are expected to use

How many of those technologies are required to meet

criteria for success?

The percentage of beneficiaries (individual farmers)who use the minimum number of technologies

An indication of the success of your outreach program

3. Sustainable Agriculture in the SAPQ (Part III)


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4. Examples of Successful Sustainable AgricultureInterventions: Tales from the Front

Amnagement en Courbes de Niveau (ACN)

Germplasm Collection, Evaluation and Improvement

of African Leafy Vegetables

Shea Butter: Producers in search of a Marketing Plan


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4.1 Amnagement en Courbes de Niveau (ACN)


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4.1 ACNs Benefits

Ridge Tillage in the Sahel of West Africa Increased capture of rainfall

Reduced drought risk to crops Increase productivity, stability and resiliency

Increased biodiversity Spontaneous regeneration of three ecologically and

economically valuable tree species (Faidherbia albida (Acaciaalbida)), Adansonia digitata (baobab) and Vitellaria paradoxa(shea tree)

Increased drinking water supplies Reduction in runoff due to ACN results in more recharge of

groundwater

Dry season vegetable gardens irrigated with groundwater arenow the norm (80%) in certain villages where 12 years agothere were none


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ACNs Benefits in Action


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4.2 Germplasm Collection, Evaluation andImprovement of African Leafy Vegetables


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4.2 African Leafy Vegetables

Established a germplasm collection in Africa for leafyvegetables species - Brassica carinata(Ethiopianmustard), Cleomegynandtopsis(spider plant) andSolanum scabrumand S. villosum(nightshades)

Evaluating agronomic and nutritional traits ofhundreds of accessions and surveyed the indigenousknowledge of the targeted species

Introduced best performing (most productive andnutritious) accessions seeds into existing seedmarketing channels


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Accessions Trials


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4.3Shea Butter: Producers in search of a Marketing Plan

Shea nuts from the

shea tree have many

multiple uses as anedible fruit, edible

oil, body lotion, soap

and traditional

medicine

USAID-funded NGOs are working with womens groups in

Southern Sudan to process shea nuts into shea butter (the

basic raw material) as an income-generating activity


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4.3Shea Butter: Producers in search of a Marketing Plan

These women's groups have mastered all the steps

to produce high-quality shea butter

But, production is seasonal (4 months) and salesrevenues are a fraction of NGO support

In short, these groups need help marketing

USAID/Sudan will ask the Agricultural Marketing

Enterprise Project to develop a market-orientedbusiness plan for the shea butter groups

Sustainability requires expanding the scope of the

original activity to make it commercially viable


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5. Accessing Technical Assistance (a)

The Collaborative Research Support Programs (CRSPs) -

http://crsps.org/

The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research

(CGIAR) - http://www.cgiar.org/

John Snow International: Growing Positively Low Input

Gardening (~8MB)

http://www.jsieurope.org/docs/growing_positively_book.pdf

Environmental Guidelines for Small-Scale Activities in Africa :http://www.encapafrica.org/egssaa.htm

CRSs The Resilient Family Farm:

http://styluspub.com/books/BookDetail.aspx?productID=93668
http://crsps.org/http://www.cgiar.org/http://www.jsieurope.org/docs/growing_positively_book.pdfhttp://www.encapafrica.org/egssaa.htmhttp://styluspub.com/books/BookDetail.aspx?productID=93668http://styluspub.com/books/BookDetail.aspx?productID=93668http://www.encapafrica.org/egssaa.htmhttp://www.jsieurope.org/docs/growing_positively_book.pdfhttp://www.cgiar.org/http://crsps.org/


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5. Accessing Technical Assistance (b)

OFDAs Additional Program Description Requirements (APDRs):

http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/humanitarian_assistance/disaster

_assistance/resources/pdf/OFDA_Guidelines_Unsolicited_Propo

sals_Reporting.pdf

Performance Monitoring and Evaluation TIPS:Selecting

Performance Indicators

http://www.usaid.gov/pubs/usaid_eval/pdf_docs/pnaby214.pdf

The Seven Lessons of Doing No Harmhttp://www.cdainc.com/dnh/the_seven_lessons.php
http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/humanitarian_assistance/disaster_assistance/resources/pdf/OFDA_Guidelines_Unsolicited_Proposals_Reporting.pdfhttp://www.usaid.gov/our_work/humanitarian_assistance/disaster_assistance/resources/pdf/OFDA_Guidelines_Unsolicited_Proposals_Reporting.pdfhttp://www.usaid.gov/our_work/humanitarian_assistance/disaster_assistance/resources/pdf/OFDA_Guidelines_Unsolicited_Proposals_Reporting.pdfhttp://www.usaid.gov/pubs/usaid_eval/pdf_docs/pnaby214.pdfhttp://www.cdainc.com/dnh/the_seven_lessons.phphttp://www.cdainc.com/dnh/the_seven_lessons.phphttp://www.usaid.gov/pubs/usaid_eval/pdf_docs/pnaby214.pdfhttp://www.usaid.gov/our_work/humanitarian_assistance/disaster_assistance/resources/pdf/OFDA_Guidelines_Unsolicited_Proposals_Reporting.pdfhttp://www.usaid.gov/our_work/humanitarian_assistance/disaster_assistance/resources/pdf/OFDA_Guidelines_Unsolicited_Proposals_Reporting.pdfhttp://www.usaid.gov/our_work/humanitarian_assistance/disaster_assistance/resources/pdf/OFDA_Guidelines_Unsolicited_Proposals_Reporting.pdf


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6. Case Study of Agricultural Programin Drylandique 2008-12 MYAP

The goal is to increase the resiliency of the population living in

the critical watershed of Ambo in Puno province

The proposed Agriculture and Economic DevelopmentComponent will use a three-prong approach to improve

livelihood productivity and sustainability by:

Augmenting productive capacity in key staple crops

Identifying profitable market opportunities and by linkingproducers groups to the national and regional markets

Enhancing the ability of communities in the Ambo watershed

to restore and protect the ecological services it provides and

respond to cyclical shocks and natural disasters


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7. Group Exercise: Agricultural Programin APT/Drylandique MYAP

Read APT/Drylandique MYAP handout

Focus on three-prong strategy of SO2 (IR2.2 and 2.3) Discuss where in the strategy and proposed interventions

the sticking points of sustainability may be

Produce a short list of sticking points and possible

solutions Report back to group

Take 25 minutes total

Documents

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