OIE Disease List/Criteria for Listing

Barry Hill

Workshop for OIE National Focal Points for Aquatic Animals

Dubrovnik, Croatia.

16-18 November 2010

Aquatic animals

OIE list of aquatic animal diseases

A key purpose of listing a disease in the Aquatic

Code is to ensure transparency of the aquatic

animal health status world-wide, by obliging Member

Countries to report its occurrence to OIE.

The OIE collates and disseminates the information

received in reports on the status of those listed

diseases in Member Countries (WAHIS and WAHID).

Article on OIE website

“The notification of a disease may have a negative impact on the economic performance

of a country (e.g. by causing loss of export markets).”

“However, new information technologies and practices make it difficult for governments to hide occurrences of serious notifiable diseases”

“A country’s credibility must be based on timely and accurate notification of diseases, and this also gives the respective government a much better position to contain a disease, compared with the situation where it first has to defend a failure to comply with international obligations.”

“Regaining credibility in the face of public knowledge of failure to meet international rules is a costly and time-consuming exercise and can be of the highest political risk for policy makers.”

For the purpose of OIE notification

Disease means clinical or non-clinical

infection with one or more of the

aetiological agents of the diseases

referred to in the Aquatic Code.

Disease listed by OIE

How is it decided which diseases to list in

the Aquatic Code?

Aquatic Code Chapter 1.2.

Criteria for Listing Aquatic Animal Diseases

Criteria for listing an aquatic animal

disease

Article 1.2.1.

Criteria for listing an emerging aquatic

animal disease

Article 1.2.2.

A disease proposed for listing should meet all the relevant parameters set for each of the criteria;

Parameters that support a listing include:

A. Consequences

B. Spread and

C. Diagnosis

Such proposals should be accompanied by a case definition for the disease.

Criteria for listing an aquatic animal disease

1. The disease has been shown to cause significant production losses at a national or multinational

(zonal or regional) level.

OR

2. The disease has been shown to or scientific evidence indicates that it is likely to negatively affect wild aquatic animal populations that are an asset worth protecting for economic or ecological reasons.

OR

3. The agent is of public health concern

Listing Criteria

Listing Criteria

AND

4. Infectious aetiology of the disease is proven

OR

5. An infectious agent is strongly associated with

the disease, but the aetiology is not yet known

Listing Criteria

AND

6. Potential for international spread, including via

live animals, their products or fomites

AND

7. Several countries or countries with zones may be

declared free of the disease based on the

general surveillance principles outlined in

Chapter 1.1.4. of the Aquatic Manual

Listing Criteria

AND

8. A repeatable and robust means of

detection/diagnosis exists

Criteria for listing an aquatic animal

disease

Article 1.2.1.

Criteria for listing an emerging

aquatic animal disease

Article 1.2.2.

For the purposes of the Aquatic Code

An emerging disease means a newly recognised

infection resulting from the evolution or change of an

existing pathogenic agent, a known infection spreading

to a new geographical area or population, or a

previously unrecognised pathogenic agent or disease

diagnosed for the first time and which has a significant

impact on aquatic animal or public health.

A newly recognised disease or a known disease behaving differently may be proposed for listing if it meets the criteria;

Such proposals should be accompanied by a case definition for the disease.

Criteria for listing an emerging

aquatic animal disease

1. The infectious aetiology of the disease is proven

OR

2. An infectious agent is strongly associated with the disease, but the aetiology is not yet known

AND

3. The agent is of public health concern

OR

4. Significant spread in naive populations of wild or cultured aquatic animals

Listing Criteria (Emerging Disease)

Aquatic Code Chapter 1.3.

Diseases listed by the OIE

OIE list of aquatic animal diseases

(2010)

9 fish diseases

7 mollusc diseases

8 crustacean diseases

2 amphibian diseases

Diseases of fishEpizootic haematopoietic necrosis

Infectious haematopoietic necrosis

Spring viraemia of carp

Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia

Infectious salmon anaemia

Epizootic ulcerative syndrome

Gyrodactylosis (Gyrodactylus salaris)

Red sea bream iridoviral disease

Koi herpesvirus disease

Diseases of molluscs Infection with Bonamia ostreae

Infection with Bonamia exitiosa

Infection with Marteilia refringens

Infection with Perkinsus marinus

Infection with Perkinsus olseni

Infection with Xenohaliotis californiensis

Infection with abalone herpes-like virus

Diseases of crustaceansTaura syndrome

White spot disease

Yellowhead disease

Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis

Crayfish plague (Aphanomyces astaci)

Infectious myonecrosis

White tail disease

Necrotising hepatopancreatitis (adopted May 2010)

Diseases of amphibians

Infection with Bactrachochytrium dendrobatidis

Infection with ranavirus

26 aquatic animals diseases listed by OIE (2010):

9 diseases of fish

7 disease of molluscs

8 diseases of crustaceans

2 diseases of amphibians

Modifications possible on annual basis

Approved at OIE General Session in May

Notification and reporting obligations for new disease listing enters into force on 1st January the following year

In summary

Role of national focal points for aquatic animal

health

Take part in the commenting process for

updating the disease list

OIE list of aquatic animal diseases

Thank you for your attention