Upload
others
View
0
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
45th APIMONDIA International Apicultural Congress2 October 2017, Istanbul, Turkey
Dr Laura Espinosa
CRITERIA FOR THE INCLUSION OF DISEASES, INFECTIONS AND
INFESTATIONS IN THE OIE LIST
InternOIE Science and New Technologies Department
What is the OIE list?
Importance of listing
Criteria for the inclusion of diseases, infections and infestations in the OIE list - Terrestrial animals
Process of listing/ delisting for terrestrial animals
Overview of the evolution of the list Specific case of bees
Agenda
World Organisation for Animal Health · Protecting animals, Preserving our future | 3
What is the OIE list? List of notifiable terrestrial and aquatic animal
diseases, infections or infestations created tosupport Member Countries to prevent thetransboundary spread of important animaldiseases, including zoonoses
World Organisation for Animal Health · Protecting animals, Preserving our future | 4
What is the OIE list?
19249 diseases
initially listed
2017116 animal diseases,
infections and infestations
Infection with Melissococcus plutonius Infection with Paenibacillus larvae Infestation with Acarapis woodi Infestation with Tropilaelaps spp.
Varroosis Infestation with Aethina tumida
World Organisation for Animal Health · Protecting animals, Preserving our future | 5
What is the OIE list?
Disease Infection InfestationKlass de Gelder, flickr Rieg et al., 2010 Mark Dykes
World Organisation for Animal Health · Protecting animals, Preserving our future | 6
Importance of listing1. Obligation of the Competent Authorities of Member
Countries to provide immediate or periodic informationto the OIE Headquarters
2. Transparency at global level: the information is sharedwith other countries, and also publicly accessibleLinks:
• Presence or absence of the pathogenic agent• Evolution• Information of epidemiological significance
What?
• Through six monthly reports• Through annual reports• Through immediate notification (within 24h)
How?
This commitment encourages
implementation of national surveillance
systems
OIE-Info Distribution List:http://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/the-world-animal-health- information-system/info-list-rss/
World Animal Health Information System Interface: http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Wahidhome/Home/index/newlang/en
WAHIS Alerts application
World Organisation for Animal Health · Protecting animals, Preserving our future | 7
Importance of listing3. Development of standards:
• For harmonizing disease detection, prevention and control• For a safe international trade in animals and their products
4. Establishment of a network of Reference Centresbuilding upon global scientific expertise:
Reference Laboratories
• Provide assistance, advice and trainingon the diagnosis and control of aspecific disease
• Provide assistance, advice and trainingon the diagnosis and control of aspecific disease
Collaborating Centres
• Provide expertise about a specific areaof knowledge related to animal health
• Provide expertise about a specific areaof knowledge related to animal health
The OIE standards are recognised by
the World Trade Organisation as international reference
sanitary rules for animal health
World Organisation for Animal Health · Protecting animals, Preserving our future | 8
Importance of listing
To summarize:
The inclusion of a disease, infection or infestation in the OIE list
The inclusion of a disease, infection or infestation in the OIE list
Enhances surveillance and
control at national and international
level
Enhances surveillance and
control at national and international
level
Helps to mitigate the risk of spread through
international trade of animals and their
products
Helps to mitigate the risk of spread through
international trade of animals and their
products
Improves transparency of the disease, infection or infestation at worldwide level
Improves transparency of the disease, infection or infestation at worldwide level
World Organisation for Animal Health · Protecting animals, Preserving our future | 9
Criteria for the inclusion of diseases, infections and infestations in the OIE list - Terrestrial animals
1. International spread of the pathogenic agent (via live animals or their products, vectors or fomites)has been proven.
2. At least one country has demonstrated freedom or impending freedom from the disease, infectionor infestation in populations of susceptible animals, based on the provisions of Chapter 1.4.
3. Reliable means of detection and diagnosis exist and a precise case definition is available to clearlyidentify cases and allow them to be distinguished from other diseases, infections or infestations.
4. 2a) Natural transmission to humans has been proven, and human infection is associated with
severe consequences.ORb) The disease has been shown to have a significant impact on the health of domestic animals at
the level of a country or a zone taking into account the occurrence and severity of the clinicalsigns, including direct production losses and mortality.
ORc) The disease has been shown to, or scientific evidence indicates that it would, have a significant
impact on the health of wildlife taking into account the occurrence and severity of the clinicalsigns, including direct economic losses and mortality, and any threat to the viability of a wildlifepopulation.
World Organisation for Animal Health · Protecting animals, Preserving our future | 10
Process of listing/ delisting for terrestrial animalsInitial proposalInitial proposal
Evaluated by the OIE Scientific Commission for Animal DiseasesEvaluated by the OIE Scientific
Commission for Animal Diseases
Considered by the OIE Terrestrial Animal HealthStandards Commission
Considered by the OIE Terrestrial Animal HealthStandards Commission
Considered by all MemberCountries
Considered by all MemberCountries
Proposal presented to the annual World Assemby of OIE Delegates
Proposal presented to the annual World Assemby of OIE Delegates
Proposal comes into force on 1 January of the following year
Proposal comes into force on 1 January of the following year
Made by: • Member Countries• Experts from OIE Ref. Lab. and Collab. Centres• OIE Specialist Commissions • International Organisations (with cooperation agreements)
agent as an emerging disease by M.CPre-screened by the OIE HeadquartersPre-screened by the OIE Headquarters
Supported when deemed appropriate by a group of experts (ad hoc Group)
agent as an emerging disease by M.C
World Organisation for Animal Health · Protecting animals, Preserving our future | 11
Overview of the evolution of the list Specific case of bees
For terrestrial animals, in the last 19 years there have been11 inclusions and 18 removals
For bees:
1964
- Acariosis- Nosemosis- American foulbrood- Europeanfoulbrood
1978
- Varroosis 2004
- Tropilaelapsspp.- Nosemosis
2005- Aethina tumida(small hivebeetle)
The Management Agency, National AFB Pest Management Plan New Zealand
World Organisation for Animal Health · Protecting animals, Preserving our future | 12
Overview of the evolution of the list Specific case of bees
Periodic revisions and updates of the chapters (of the Code and Manual)
All 6 chapters were updated in 2013
Infestation with Acarapis woodiVarroosis (currently under revision)
Nosemosis (specific chapter kept andNosema ceranae included.)
Infection with Melissococcus plutoniusInfection with Paenibacillus larvae
Infestation with Tropilaelaps spp.Infestation with Aethina tumida
2008
2013
2016
2017
World Organisation for Animal Health · Protecting animals, Preserving our future | 13
Final message
The aim of this presentation was toprovide you with the necessaryknowledge to: Understand the implications of listing
Be aware of all specific steps and actorsinvolved in the process of listing/delisting
Correctly evaluate all listed and non-listed pathogenic agents of bees againstthe criteria for being included in, orremoved of, the OIE list
Anses©
Anses©
Anses©
Y. Leconte©
D. Anderson
PDBe
Thank you foryour attention
12, rue de Prony, 75017 Paris, France www.oie.int