OGCII OGC Interoperability Institute © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc. OGC / ISO TC 211 Standards Landscape David Arctur

© 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc.© 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc.

OGCIIOGC Interoperability Institute

OGC / ISO TC 211 OGC / ISO TC 211 Standards LandscapeStandards Landscape

David ArcturOGC Interoperability Institute

7 May 2007

© 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc. 2Advancing the science of interoperabilityOGCII ®

SDI = ?SDI = ?

This talk is about SDI’s… what does SDI mean to you?• Serial Data Interface• Serial Digital Interface• Single Document Interface• Southern Dental Industries• State Disability Insurance• Steel Deck Institute• Steel Door Institute• Strategic Defense Initiative• …??

And the winner is………


DefinitionsDefinitions

Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) – a virtual institution

• A framework of spatial data, metadata, services, users and tools that are interactively connected in order to use spatial data in an efficient and flexible way.

• The technology, policies, standards, human resources, and related activities necessary to acquire, process, distribute, use, maintain, and preserve spatial data.

• The relevant base collection of technologies, policies and institutional arrangements that facilitate the availability of and access to spatial data and services. The SDI provides a basis for spatial data discovery, evaluation, and application for users and providers.

Sources: Wikipedia; OGC


ImplicationsImplications

• Data and metadata should not be managed centrally (as done in GIS) but by the data originator and/or owner; tools and services connect via computer networks to the various sources.

• NOTE: good coordination between all the actors is necessary and the definition of standards is very important.

• Due to its nature (size, cost, number of interactors) an SDI is usually government-related.

Source: Wikipedia


For example…For example…

• Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE)

• Geodaten Infrastruktur (GDI) NRW (regional)• Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure (CGDI)• Australian Spatial Data Infrastructure (ASDI)

– State-level SDI’s in development: Queensland, W. Australia, New South Wales, …

• U.S. National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI)– State-level SDI’s in development:

Indiana, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Texas, Wisconsin, …


SDI Framework LayersSDI Framework Layers

An SDI typically includes thematic “base map” data with broad interest across agencies and other users (insurance, utilities, etc.)

• Cadastre: property parcels• Transportation: roads, rail, bridges,

tunnels, trails, bus routes• Boundaries: cities, parks, military facilities• Points of Interest: hospitals, malls,

churches, airports, bus stations, stadiums, auditoriums, other meeting places

• Water resources: springs, wells, rivers, lakes

• Utilities: power plants, power lines, gas lines, water treatment facilities, water lines

…these vary somewhat across different SDI’s

H

P

F


So… what’s it for?So… what’s it for?

E-911 Dispatc

h

Terrorist Response

Environmental Hazard Response:Tornado, Volcano,Flooding, Wildfire,

Toxic Spill…

Police, Fire, Ambulance

Search & Rescue


What makes SDI’s special?What makes SDI’s special?

This is not just a simple extension of I.T. cyberinfrastructure

• Spatial data payloads require application-specific metadata, clients, web services, even XML tools.

• Quantities of data coming from satellite and other earth observation sensors are in terabytes/day – for now

• Downloading and rendering a computer-screen-sized JPEG of a map is much simpler and faster (in general) than downloading the potentially hundreds of thousands of vectors & millions of vertices comprising the corresponding map content… but both forms of data are needed.

• Institutional barriers can play a significant role in SDI effectiveness


What makes it work?What makes it work?

• Standards for exchanging geospatial & temporal data have been in development since early 1990s through work of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and ISO TC211.– Web services since 2000

• ISO TC211 standards form the foundation, for example:– 19103 Conceptual Schema– 19107 Spatial Schema– 19108 Temporal Schema– 19111 Coordinate Reference– 19115 Metadata– 19123 Coverage Schema

• OGC specifications implement the standards, for example:– Web Mapping Service (WMS): simple graphic images– Web Feature Service (WFS): vector data– Web Coverage Service (WCS): gridded data– Catalog Service: portal index– Geography Markup Language (GML): XML Schema and data


Enabling a Geospatial Information ArchitectureEnabling a Geospatial Information Architecture

Web Map Service (OGC & ISO) Style Layer Descriptor (OGC)Feature Model & GML (OGC & ISO) Web Feature Service (OGC)Web Terrain Service (OGC)Web Coverage Service (OGC)Web Map Context (OGC)Catalog (OGC )Metadata (ISO 19115 & OGC)

Building on http, XML and Web services, the spatial web is enabled by OGC standards, such as…

Geospatial information (e.g., vector, raster, gridded, and metadata) can be managed through OGC web services in a Net Centric context.


Standards Referenced by Various SDI’sStandards Referenced by Various SDI’s

Source: Nebert, Reed & Wagner, Proposal for a Compatible SDI Standards Suite, “SDI 1.0”, OGC Doc. 06-086.

Standard Name CanadaCGDI

USNSDI

GDINRW

Catalonia Spain

OGC Web Map Service

OGC Web Feature Service

OGC Filter Encoding

OGC Style Layer Descriptor

OGC Geography Markup Language

OGC Web Map Context

OGC Catalog Services 2.0 Z39.50 Protocol Binding

FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata

OGC Web Coverage Service

OGC Catalogue Services 2.0 HTTP Protocol Binding (CS-W)

Web MapServer

Web CoverageServer

Web FeatureServer

With OGC web services, an analyst or operator can dynamically access that data which is relevant to the task at hand, directly from the authoritative data steward, using a variety of tools.

© 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc.Advancing the science of interoperabilityOGCII ®

Multipleoverlaid

maps

One GetMaprequest:

BordersElevation Cloud Cover

Cities

Web Map Service (WMS) can get Web Map Service (WMS) can get multiple mapsmultiple maps


Publishing and Discovery

• Catalogs leverage ISO conformant metadata

• Support publishing and discovery of distributed geospatial data and associated services

OGC Catalog Service 2.0, ISO 19119 Metadata Standard


Coming Fast: Sensor WebsComing Fast: Sensor Webs

Webcam

EnvironmentalMonitor

IndustrialProcessMonitor

StoredSensor

Data

TrafficMonitoring

Satellite-borneImaging Device

Airborne Imaging Device

HealthMonitor

StrainGauge

TempSensor

– Sensors connected to and discoverable on the Web– Sensors have position & generate observations– Sensor descriptions available – Services to task and access sensors– Local, regional, national scalability

AutomobileAs Sensor Probe


MetadataMetadataCatalog / Catalog / Service Service

DirectoryDirectory

• Weather, alerts, Weather, alerts, effectseffects

• Water availability & Water availability & qualityquality

• Humanitarian Humanitarian needs and reliefneeds and relief

• Long-term climate Long-term climate change monitoringchange monitoring

• Other environmentalOther environmentalmonitoring & alertsmonitoring & alerts

• Other disaster Other disaster planning, response, planning, response, mitigationmitigation

• ......

GIS PortalGIS Portal

Web Web ServicesServices

Any Type of Any Type of ClientClient• BrowsersBrowsers• DesktopDesktop• MobileMobile

Software / Platform Independent

Towards a World-Wide SDITowards a World-Wide SDI

SynchronizationSynchronization


ISO TC211 + OGCISO TC211 + OGC

• Together, the ISO19100+OGC standards are a mature, widely used, established, advanced interoperability framework.

• A Joint Advisory Group (JAG) comprises ISO & OGC members, and meets alternatively at ISO TC211 and OGC conferences.

• OGC participates in numerous other consortia, such as W3C, OASIS, IETF, and others, to ensure consistent semantics and encoding of geospatial content and interfaces


OGC RelationshipsOGC Relationships– World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Geo Incubator– Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)– Group On Earth Observation (GEO) Participating Org (GEOSS)– International Organization for Standards (ISO)– OASIS– International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI) – Open Mobile Alliance (OMA)– CEN287– Digital Geospatial Information Working Group (DGIWG)– Object Management Group (OMG)– Web3D– Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO)– IEEE Technical Committee 9 (Sensor Web)– IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society– Others


OGC’s Approach for Advancing InteroperabilityOGC’s Approach for Advancing Interoperability

• Interoperability Program (IP) A global, innovative, hands-on prototyping and testing program designed to accelerate interface development and validation, and bring interoperability to the market

• Specification Development Program Consensus processes similar to other industry consortia (W3C, OMA, OMG, etc.).

• Outreach and Community Adoption Program – Education and training, encourage take-up of OGC specifications, business development, communications programs

Rapid InterfaceDevelopment

StandardsSetting

MarketAdoption


So, what’s next?So, what’s next?

• Ad hoc, “bottom-up” interoperability is being achieved in many applications, through buffet-style use of web services

• However, more attention is needed to “top-down” reference architecture development, for effective interoperability across multiple SDI’s– State-level SDI’s in U.S., Australia, and across Europe– Scientific research and data centers

• OGC Interoperability Institute has been started recently, to help bring coherence of interoperability developments & best practices across SDI and scientific data organizations– Conducting workshops and pilot projects to develop SDI reference

architectures, and to develop broader interoperability among scientific data centers


What’s really neededWhat’s really needed

• Awareness and incentives for SDI developers to collaborate on architectures and data sharing

• Equally important: incentives for scientific data collection that support data sharing and interdisciplinary collaboration

• Taking advantage of grid computing:– to help migrate data across the web to be physically located where it

can be used most efficiently– to transform data semantics across information communities– to lead to real-time information modeling and understanding


It’s about effective communicationsIt’s about effective communicationsamong disparate communitiesamong disparate communities

This sign “Designed by Committee”

Documents

OGCII OGC Interoperability Institute © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc. OGC / ISO TC 211 Standards Landscape David Arctur