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1 Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast Bill Bulpitt, Susan Stewart, & Mary Hunt Georgia Tech Strategic Energy Initiative The Southeast & Mid-Atlantic Regional Wind Summit September 19-20, 2005

Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

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Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast. Bill Bulpitt, Susan Stewart, & Mary Hunt Georgia Tech Strategic Energy Initiative The Southeast & Mid-Atlantic Regional Wind Summit September 19-20, 2005. Introduction. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

1

Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

Bill Bulpitt, Susan Stewart, & Mary HuntGeorgia Tech Strategic Energy Initiative

The Southeast & Mid-Atlantic Regional Wind SummitSeptember 19-20, 2005

Page 2: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

2

Introduction

• Feasibility study carried out on offshore wind energy potential in coastal Georgia – Funded by NSF PFI grant: InfinitEnergy, A

Coastal Georgia Partnership for Innovation

Page 3: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

3

Current Study

• South Atlantic Bight– 6 years of highly creditable wind data– 50 m above ocean surface

Page 4: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

4

SE Continental Shelf

• 80 miles wide

• < 50 m deep

• Conventional foundation technology – <20-30 m

• Plenty of shallow water over horizon

Page 5: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

Navy/Skidaway Instrumentation Platforms

Wind Data Details

• 40 miles offshore • 50m above ocean

surface• 27m water depth• 6 Minute Interval

Data from 6/1999- present– Wind Speed @ 50m

• Min, Max & Deviation

– Wind Direction @ 50m

• Deviation

Page 6: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

6

Annual Wind Speed Distribution (Year 2000)

0

5

10

15

20

25

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31

Wind Speed (m/s)

% T

ime

Page 7: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

7

Wind Power Classifications

Wind Power Class

Wind Power

Density (W/m2)1 0 to 2002 200 to 3003 300 to 4004 400 to 5005 500 to 6006 600 to 8007 800 to 2000

P/A=1/2V3

Page 8: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

8

6 Year Data Averages

Month

Avg. Wind Speed

Avg. Power Density

Approx. Class Month

Avg. Wind Speed

Avg. Power Density

Approx. Class

  (m/s) (W/m2)   (m/s) (W/m2)  

1 8.26 626.7 6 7 6.04 259.8 2

2 8.09 559.8 5 8 6.07 322.0 3

3 8.13 585.0 5 9 8.43 632.4 6

4 7.38 397.3 3-4 10 6.96 397.9 3-4

5 6.76 324.9 3 11 7.28 516.4 5

6 6.29 463.1 4 12 7.96 571.0 5

6 year Avg. 7.36 m/s 479.3 W/m2 Class 4

Page 9: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

9

Monthly Average Wind Speed Over 6 Year Period

5

6

7

8

9

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Month

6 Y

ear

Mo

nth

ly A

vera

ge

Win

d S

pee

d (

m/s

)

Class 7

Class 6

Class 5

Class 4

Class 3

Class 2

Class 1

Page 10: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

10

Monthly Average Wind Power Density Over 6 Year Period

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Month

6 Y

ear

Mo

nth

ly A

vera

ge

Win

d P

ow

er (

W/m

^2)

Class 7

Class 6

Class 5

Class 4

Class 3

Class 2

Class 1

Page 11: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

11

6 Year Averaged Power Density and Frequency

6 Year Average Wind Direction

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7 Power Density

Frequency

as a Function of Radial Direction(axis indicates % of time (for frequency) and % of total power (for power density))

Page 12: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

12

Sample Wind Turbine Specifications

• 3.6 MW – Hub height: ~70m-100m– Rotor Diam.: 104m– Swept Area: 8495m2

– 3.5-27 m/s– Nominal wind speed:

14m/s

• 2.0 MW– Hub height: 80m– Rotor Diam: 90m– Swept Area: 6362 m2

– 3.5-25 m/s– Nominal wind speed:

11.5 m/s

Page 13: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

13

Changes in Hub Height

• Logarithmic Law for adjustment to hub height, z:

– roughness length, l = 0.0002 m (open water)

50

ln

50ln

Z

zl

V V

l

Page 14: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

14

Wind Power Curves

0

400

800

1200

1600

2000

2400

2800

3200

3600

4000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

m/s

kW

3.6 MW

2.0 MW

Page 15: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

15

Average kWh/yearMonth Avg Wind Speed

@ 50m (m/s)A 3.6 MW (kWh)

@ 80mB 2.0 MW (kWh)

@ 80m

1 8.26 1,025,878 703,007

2 8.09 898,333 671,284

3 8.13 955,704 680,881

4 7.38 745,189 570,739

5 6.76 627,457 480,102

6 6.29 491,300 398,100

7 6.04 497,048 413,725

8 6.07 495,854 382,501

9 8.43 890514 737,301

10 6.96 638,718 455,669

11 7.28 800,757 554,307

12 7.96 942,619 653,202

Annual 7.36 9,009370 6,700,817

Page 16: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

16

Capacity Factors

• Turbine A (3.6 MW)– 28.6%

• Turbine B (2.0 MW)– 38.2%

Page 17: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

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Estimated Cost of Energy20 Year Amortization

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% 14.0% 16.0%

Financial Discount Rate (%)

Ce

nts

/kW

h

Cost includes 1.8 cents/kWh O&M and Production Tax Credit

2.0 MW Wind Turbine

Conventional Technology Fuel Costs

Page 18: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

18

Conclusion

• Study concludes that offshore wind energy in the Southeast warrants further study– Resource more significant than early reports– Could generate economically competitive

electricity

Page 19: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

19

U.S. Offshore Wind Power Jurisdictional, Regulatory &

Permitting Issues

Page 20: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

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Jurisdictional Issues

• Local Waters (impact on coastal lands and/or waterways)

• State Waters - coastline to three miles

• Federal Waters - three miles to 12 miles

• Exclusive Economic Zone – to 200 miles

Page 21: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

21

(cont.) Jurisdictional Issues• No existing wind power generation facilities exist in

U.S. coastal waters• Jurisdictional authority was recently granted to the

Minerals Management Services (MMS) to oversee/regulate national policy for offshore wind developments

• The USACE will remain the agency responsible for permitting offshore wind structures in U.S. coastal waters (based on Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act)

Page 22: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

22

Regulatory Issues

• Key Factors Determining the Full Range of Applicable Regulatory Requirements – Project size and location– Landfall grid connection location– Jurisdictional boundaries of the ocean (state/federal)– Competing ocean uses around the project footprint– Protected, historic or sensitive areas - both in the ocean

and on coastal lands

Page 23: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

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Permitting and Policy Issues• Primary objective of permit is public

involvement– Section 10 of the RHA provides for permit

authority – Permit Application Initiates

• Public hearings • NEPA review – may trigger either

– Environmental Assessment (EA) which may result in a FONSI or Finding of No Significant Impact

– Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)

Page 24: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

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Tybee Island Substation

Page 25: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

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Comments on Tybee Island

•Geographic Characteristics–Commercial and residential area–School nearby

•Substation Characteristics–Needs to be upgraded–Large footprint

•Landfall Options–Distance to ocean: 500 yards (go through residential and commercial area and sand dune restoration area to get to ocean)

Page 26: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

Viewshed – Robert Moses Park

Page 27: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

~ 0.5 nautical miles from shore

Page 28: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

~ 7.0 nautical miles from shore

Page 29: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

29

Horns Rev

Country: DenmarkLocation: West CoastTotal Capacity: 160 MWNumber of Turbines: 80Distance to Shore: 14-20 kmDepth: 6-12 mCapital Costs: 270 million EuroStatus: Operational Construction Date: 2002 Manufacturer: VestasTotal Capacity: 2 MWTurbine-type: V80 - 80m diameter / 70m hubheightMean Windspeed: 9.7 m/sAnnual Energy output: 600 GWhWindfarm Developer: Elsam http://www.hornsrev.dk/Engelsk/default_ie.htm

Page 30: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

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Scroby Sands

Country: United KingdomLocation: East Anglian Coast, 3km east of Great YarmouthTotal Capacity: 60 MWNumber of Turbines: 30Distance to Shore: 2.5 kmDepth: 4-8 mCapital Costs: about 110 million EuroStatus: BuiltConstruction Date: 2003Manufacturer: VestasTotal Capacity: 2 MWTurbine-type: V80 - 80m diameter/ 60m hubheightMean Windspeed: 7.5 m/s Annual Energy output: Windfarm Developer: E.ON UK

Page 31: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

Arklow Bank Site Details

• 60 km south of Dublin

• 7 - 12 km from coast

• 24 km long 2.5 km wide

Arklow

Page 32: Offshore Wind Resources in the Southeast

Arklow Project Statistics• Turbines 3.6MW x 7• Dept of piles 35-45m• Weight of piles 280tonne (5m diameter)• Weight of turbines 290tonne• Blades 50.5m, 15tonne each• Nacelle/Hub height 73.5M• Rotational speed 8.5 – 15 rpm• Distance offshore 10km• Onshore cable 5km• Voltage 38kV distribution connected• Rotor diameter 104m > soccer pitch area• 25MW serves 16,000 households (Irish)

• Sandbank 24 miles long & 2.5 wide, depths 3 -20 m• Largest commercially operating turbines installed to date• Largest consented offshore site todate

Source: McAdam