Offshore Wind Farms

07 04 2014

An overview…

UE VISION FOR 2020

+20 % energetic efficiency

-20 % greenhouse gas emissions

20 % of energy from renewable source

Power Mix UE

Renowable

19.0%

Nuclear14.0%

coal12.0%

Oil33.0%

Gas22.0%

Renowable10.0%

Nuclear14.0%

coal17.0%

Oil35.0%

Gas24.0%

2011

2030 (Forecast)

- Annual UE electricity consumption = 3,280 TWh .- Wind power was about 6% (200 TWh) in 2011- Now (end of 2013) it is 8% (257 TWh).

Wind energy in EU

19962000

20042008

20120

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Cumulative wind power capacity (1996 - 2013)

GW

Wind32%

PV31%

Gas21%

Coal

5%

Other10%

2013 power installation

Total power installed : 35 GWWind power installed : 11.2 GW(7 large nuclear power plant)2013 : 117 GW of wind power

Advantage of offshore wind farm

More powerful winds, more predictability, less turbulence.

Offshore wind blow 40% more often

Lower environmental impact: view and noise

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2011 20130

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Cumulative and annual offshore wind power capacity (1996 - 2013)

MW

Power installed in 2012 = 1.6 GW (1/7 of annual wind power installed ).Annual production of energy in 2013 = 23 TWh (0.7 % of UE cons.)

Wind atlas (open sea)

1 kW/m2 10 m/s

Current commercial substructuresare economically limited to maximum water depths of40m to 50m.

Type of substructure (2013)

Monopile74%

Grav-ity

based foun-dation

16%

Jacket5%

Tripile3%

Other2%

Substructure of offshore wind turbine

Monopile 1376

Gravity based foundation302

Jacket 91

Tripile 47

Tripod 29

N/A 6

Floating 4

Total 1855

Where are offshore wind farms?Country MWUnited Kingdom 3309

Denmark 1271

Netherlands 247

Belgium 195

Sweden 163

Germany 120

Finland 32

Ireland 25

Norway 2.3

Portugal 2

Total: 5368

UK62%

Denmark 24%

Netherlands

5%

Bel-gium4% Other

6%

Wind farms in UE (MW)

London array 1

• Studies start : 2001• Commission year : 2013 (April)• Estimated cost : 2 000 000 000 €

• Location : Thames estuary• Distance from shore : 20 Km• Offshore area : 100 km2

• Operator : DONG ENERGY• Turbine manufacturer : Siemens• Istaller turbines: MPI Offshore A2SEA

Turbine• Rated power pr. Turbine : 3.6 MW• Rated Wind speed : 12.5 m/s• Rotor diameter : 120 m

• Wind Farm power : 630 MW• Number of turbine : 175•Structure type : monopiles

And forecast…

UE challenges for offshore

2012 2015 2020 2030 20500

50100150200250300350400450500

5.4 1540

150

460

Forecast of offshore wind power production

GW

2012 2015 2020 2025 2030

Total wind generation [TWh] 231 331 613 785 1198

Offshore wind generation [TWh] 19.1 50.6 148.2 268 527

Avoided costs [bn €] 9.6 / 22 – 27 / 47 - 51

Avoided costs of fuel from wind power

During 2012 Europe spent €545 billion on importing fossil fuels.

2020

3.4 % electric UE

consumption

2030

14 % electric UE

consumption

2013

0.7 % electric UE

consumption

Wind offshore power devolopement

Future projects in the short term

France wind farms in the year ahead

Tendencies for offshore wind energy in Spain

Spain are financing several R&D project with the objective of developing floating turbine structure for wind power in deep waters (Eolia and Emerge i.e.)

Madrid-based Iberdrola Renewables plans to develop six offshore wind farm projects with an aggregate generation capacity of 3,000 MW at locations off the coasts of the Spanish Atlantic provinces of Cádiz and Huelva and the Mediterranean province of Castellón.

Deep water wind turbines is the future

• Company : Statoil• Manufacturer : Siemens• Type of floater : Spar – buoy• Water depth : 200 m• Turbine capacity: 2.3 MW (prototype) 3-7 MW (commercial)• Mooring : 3 mooring lines • Prototype installed : 2009, West coast of Norway• Commercial installation: 2015 – 2016 • Origin : Norway

Hywind

• Company : Principle power, EDP, Repsol• Manufacturer : Vestas• Type of floater : Semi – Submersible• Water depth : 42 – 53 m • Turbine capacity: 2 MW (prototype) 5-7 MW (commercial)• Mooring : chain and polyester lines• Prototype installed : 2011, Portugal• Commercial installation: 2017• Origin : Portugal

WindFloat

Project for offshore in EU

Spain ; 5

France; 5

Norway ; 4United Kingdom; 3

EU - funded; 3

Other; 7

Reference

• European Wind Energy Association • Lindoe Offshore Renewables Center• www.londonarray.com• EurObserv’ER• Speech of J.M. Barroso (March 22, 2014)• European Offshore Renewable Energy Roadmap• GSE statistic report • Opportunities in Spain’s wind-power sector

(Ministero de Economia y Competitividad )