Of what is the Universe made? Slide 2 Insert new hubble photos
to start the inquiry Slide 3 The Universe is Made of
MatterEnergyNothingness - vacuum Other Matter and Energy are really
the same thing! E=MC 2 Slide 4 In this Hubble Photograph, you can
see the matter and evidence of energy. What you also see, or think
you see, is large amounts of nothingness. The vacuum of space. But
what about the other? Slide 5 Sadly, in fifth grade we only Study
Matter and Energy. We must ignore other until college. Let us start
with Matter. Slide 6 Matter What is it? Why is it important? Slide
7 The official definition of matter? Definition: anything that has
mass and occupies space (has volume.) Synonyms of Matter :
material, stuff, substance Slide 8 So most of the things around us
are matter Slide 9 Can you think of other things that are matter?
Slide 10 What are some things that are not matter? Slide 11 Lets
review today's discussion Slide 12 Of what is Matter made? Slide 13
Atoms Slide 14 Matter is made of small particles called ATOMS Slide
15 Atoms are so small they can not be seen even with powerful
microscopes Slide 16 A grain of salt is made of about
12,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms Slide 17 Atoms were first named by
an ancient Greek philosopher named Democritus Slide 18 He called it
an a tom because in Greek it means that which cant be cut. We still
call this smallest piece an ATOM But he thought of the atom as a
kind of marble a smooth round ball of whatever. Slide 19 Close, But
No Cigar He wasnt completely w wrong, he was partly wrong! Slide 20
Atoms have two basic parts A nucleus or center and electron shells
Slide 21 N N N N The nucleus may be small or large P P P P P P P P
P P P P N N NN N N N N Nuclei are made of small particles called
Protons and Neutrons N Slide 22 The electron shells are in an area
around the nucleus You can think of it as an orbit. Electron
shells. Nucleus Slide 23 So, unlike Democritus, we now know that
atoms can be cut into smaller and smaller pieces themselves The
parts of ATOMS are The PROTON, which has a positive electrical
charge The ELECTRON, which has a negative charge And the NEUTRON
which has no charge. Slide 24 The Neutron (s) and Proton(s) make up
the NUCLEUS or center of the atom Slide 25 The electrons orbit the
nucleus of the atom Slide 26 Here is where Democritus was right.
Once you cut the atom of something it is no longer the thing you
started with. If you started with Gold, once you break the Gold
atom it is no longer Gold! Slide 27 Atoms look something like this
They have a Nucleus (center) And little things that orbit the
nucleus are the electrons Slide 28 Properties of Matter A property
is like a characteristic ~~ something that describes something else
Slide 29 When we talk about Matter There are three really important
properties two important properties and a bunch that are not as
important, but still useful in classifying and identifying matter.
Slide 30 Really Important Properties 1.Volume How Much Space It
Takes up 2.Mass How Much Stuff Is in the Thing Slide 31 Big Volume
Big Mass Slide 32 Really Important Property 3 state or phase of
matter at room temp. State or phase of matter refers to: Solid
Liquid Gas Gold is solid at room 68f. Gold is melts at 1948fGold
boils at 5085f Slide 33 The key question is: Is the material you
are look at a solid, liquid or gas AT ROOM TEMPERATURE Every type
of matter will be one of these three at room temperature
approximately 68f Slide 34 Important Property 3 state or phase
State or phase of matter refers to: Solid Liquid Gas I would like
to find gaseous gold but couldnt. I am not sure anyone would want
gaseous gold. But it boils at 5085f. At that temperature and
correct pressure gold can become a gas. Slide 35 The key question
is: Is the material you are look at a solid, liquid or gas AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE Every type of matter will be one of these three at room
temperature approximately 68f Slide 36 Mass and Volume control two
other important properties of matter Weight & Density Slide 37
Important Weight The Pull of Gravity on the Object Density How Much
Mass The Thing Has PER UNIT VOLUME Slide 38 Weight is the measure
of how much the force of gravity pulls down on an object. Slide 39
Example Bob goe s to the moon Slide 40 Earth Moon 1/6 earth Weight
= 120kg Weight = 20kg The gravitational pull of earth is defined as
1G. The moon, being 1/6 th the mass of earth has only 1/6G of pull.
1G1/6G Slide 41 Earth Moon Mass = 120kg 120 kg 1G on Each side of
Balance Mass = 120kg 120 kg 1/6G on Each side of Balance Earth
pulls down at 1G so on the scale you get Weight = 120kg Moon pulls
down at 1/6G so on a scale you get Weight = 20kg The BALANCE is
different. Lets see why. Slide 42 DENSITY How much stuff can you
fit in a small space Slide 43 Not much stuff packed into can A lot
of stuff packed into can Not DenseDense Slide 44 Other Physical
Properties of Matter Color Smell Taste Texture Flexibility
Malleability Conductivity Reflectance Ductility Viscosity (if a
liquid) Boiling point Freezing Point Phase at Room Temperature
