Of the Orthographie and Congruitie of the Britan Tongue

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Title: Of the Orthographie and Congruitie of the Britan Tongue A Treates, noe shorter than necessarie, for the Schooles

Author: Alexander Hume

Editor: Henry B. Wheatley

Release Date: November 4, 2005 [EBook #17000]

Language: English

Character set encoding: UTF-8

*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ORTHOGRAPHIE OF THE BRITAN TONGUE ***

Produced by Louise Hope, David Starner and the OnlineDistributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net

{Transcriber's Note:

All material in parentheses () or square brackets [], including the

(_sic_) notations, is from the 1865 original. Material added by thetranscriber is in braces {}.Irregularities in chapter numbering are explained at the end of theeditor's Notes.}

OF THE

ORTHOGRAPHIE AND CONGRUITIE

OF THE BRITAN TONGUE

A Treates, noe shorter then necessarie,

for the Schooles,

Be

ALEXANDER HUME.

Edited from the Original MS. in the British Museum,


2/48

by HENRY B. WHEATLEY.

LONDON:Published for the Early English Text Society,by Trbner & Co., 60, Paternoster Row.MDCCCLXV.

HERTFORD:Printed by Stephen Austin.

PREFACE.

The following Tract is now printed for the first time from the originalManuscript in the old Royal Collection in the Library of the BritishMuseum (Bibl. Reg. 17 A. xi). It is written on paper, and consists offorty-five leaves, the size of the pages being 5-3/4 in. by 3-3/4 in.

The dedication, the titles, and the last two lines, are written with adifferent coloured ink from that employed in the body of the MS., andappear to be in a different handwriting. It is probable that the tractwas copied for the author, but that he himself wrote the dedication tothe King.

The Manuscript is undated, and we have no means of ascertaining theexact time when it was written; but from a passage in the dedication toJames I. of England, it is fair to infer that it was written shortlyafter the visit of that monarch to Scotland, subsequent to his accessionto the throne of the southern kingdom, that is, in the year 1617. Thiswould make it contemporaneous with Ben Jonson's researches on theEnglish Grammar; for we find, in 1629, James Howell (Letters, Sec. V.

27) writing to Jonson that he had procured Davies' Welch Grammar forhim, to add to those many you have. The grammar that Jonson hadprepared for the press was destroyed in the conflagration of his study;so that the posthumous work we now possess consists merely of materials,which were printed for the first time in 1640, three years after theauthor's death.

The Dedication of this Tract is merely signed _Alexander Hume_, andcontains no other clue to the authorship. Curiously enough there werefour Alexander Humes living about the same time, and three of them wereeducated at St. Mary's College, St. Andrew's; only two, however, becameauthors, the first of whom was Minister of Logie, and wrote _Hymnes orSacred Songes_. There can be little doubt, however, that the present

grammar was written by the Alexander Hume who was at one time HeadMaster of the High School, Edinburgh, and author of _Grammatica Nova_.

From Dr. Steven's History of the High School, Edinburgh, and fromM'Crie's Life of Melville, I have been enabled to extract and puttogether the following scanty particulars of our author's life:--Thetime and place both of his birth and of his death are alike unknown;but he himself, on the title of one of his works, tells us that he wasdistantly connected with the ancient and noble family of Home, in thecounty of Berwick. He was educated at the school of Dunbar, under the


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celebrated Andrew Simson, and in due time was enrolled a student in St.Mary's College, St. Andrew's, and then took the degree of Bachelor ofArts in 1574. He came to England, and was incorporated at Oxford January26, 1580-81, as M. of A. of St. Andrew's, in Scotland.[1] He spentsixteen years in England, partly engaged in studying and partly inteaching. During the latter part of this term he was a schoolmaster atBath, as appears from Dr. Hill's answer to him, published in 1592; andthe fact of his residence in this city is corroborated at page 18 ofthe present treatise. He then returned to Scotland, having gained areputation for the excellence of his learning and for the power hepossessed of communicating it to others. On the dismissal of HerculesRollock, Rector of the High School, Edinburgh, from his office, Hume wasunanimously chosen to succeed him, and his appointment was dated 23rdApril, 1596. During his incumbency the High School underwent manychanges, and received the form which it retains to the present day. InMarch, 1606, Hume resigned his office to become principal master in thegrammar school founded a short time previously, at Prestonpans, by themunificent John Davidson, minister of the parish. The following documentgives an account of Hume's admission to this school:--

{Transcriber's Note: In this passage, caret ^ means that the following single letter, or bracketed group of letters, was printed in superscript.}

At hadintoun yê 25 of Junij 1606. The q^{lk} day M^r Jo^n ker minister of yê panis producit yê prntatône of M^r Alex^r hoome to be schoolm^r of yê schoole of yê panis foundit be M^r Jô Davedsone for instructioune of the youth in hebrew, greek and latine subscryvet be yais to quhome M^r Jo^n davedsone gave power to noit yê man q^{lk} prntatône yê prbrie allowit and ordenit yê moderator & clerk to subscrive yê samine in y^r names q^{lk} yay ded. As also ordeanit y^t y e said kirk of yê panis suld be visited upon yê eight day of Julij next to come for admissione of yê said M^r Alex^r to yê said office. The visitors wer appoyntit M^r Ar^d oswald M^r Robert Wallace M^r George greir M^r andro blackhall & M^r andro Maghye to teach.----At Saltprestoun July 8, 1606. The haill parischoners being poisit how yay lyckit of yê said M^r Alex^r w^t

vniforme consent being particularly inqwyrit schew y^r guid lycking of him and y^r willingnes to accept and receiv him to yê said office Q^rupon yê said M^r Alex^r wes admittit to yê said office & in token of yê approbaône both of visitors & of yê parischons p^rnt both y e ane and yê vother tuik yê said M^r Alex^r be yê hand & yê haill magistratis gentlemen and remant parischoners p^rnt faithfullie p^rmisit to ccurre for yê furtherce of y e work y^t yit restis to be done to yê said schoole as also to keipt yê said M^r Alex^r and his scholleris skaithlis finallie for farther authorizing of yê said (_sic_) it wes thought meitt y^t yê haill visitors & parichons p rnt suld enter yê said M^r Alex^r into yê said schoole & y^r heir him teache q^{lk} also wes doone. (Rec. of Presb. of Haddington).[2]

[Footnote 1: Wood's Fasti Oxonienses, by Bliss, I., 217.]

[Footnote 2: M'Crie's Life of Melville, vol. ii., p. 509.]

The school rapidly rose to distinction under Hume, but in 1615 herelinquished his position, and accepted the Mastership of the GrammarSchool of Dunbar, then in high repute, and the very same school in whichhe had commenced his own education. When occupied at Dunbar, Hume hadthe honour of being the first who, in a set speech, welcomed James VI.


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back to his Scottish dominions, after an absence of fourteen years. TheKing stopped on his way northward from Berwick on the 13th of May, 1617,at Dunglass Castle the residence of the Earl of Home, and Hume, as theorator of the day, delivered a Latin address.

The date of Hume's death is not known; but he was witness to a deed onthe 27th of November, 1627; and later still, in the records of the PrivyCouncil of Scotland, 8th and 16th July, 1630, Mr. D. Laing tells me thatthere is a memorandum of the King's letter anent the Grammar of Mr.Alexander Hume, schoolmaster at Dunbar. With regard to his privatelife, we know that he was married to Helen Rutherford, and had two sonsand a daughter born to him in Edinburgh between the years 1601 and 1606.He was the father of three more children, also two sons and a daughter,between 1608 and 1610, in the county of East Lothian.

Hume was a master in controversy, and wrote on subjects of polemicaldivinity; but his mind was principally drawn towards language and therules of its construction. He especially gave much of his time to thestudy of Latin grammar, and feeling dissatisfied with the elementarybooks which were then in use, he drew up one himself, which he submittedto the correction of Andrew Melville and other learned friends, andpublished in 1612 under the title of _Grammatica Nova_. The object heproposed to himself was to exclude from the schools the grammar of thePriscian of the Netherlands, the celebrated John Van Pauteren, but his

work did not give the satisfaction which he had expected. He succeeded,however, in his wishes after many reverses, by the help of AlexanderSeton, Earl of Dunfermline, Chancellor of Scotland, and by authorityboth of Parliament and of the Privy Council his grammar was enjoined tobe used in all the schools of the kingdom. But through the interest ofthe bishops, and the steady opposition of Ray, his successor at the HighSchool, the injunction was rendered of no effect. He would not, however,be beaten, and we find that in 1623 he was again actively engaged inadopting measures to secure the introduction of his grammar into everyschool in North Britain where the Latin language was taught.

The following is a list of our author's works:--

A Reioynder to Doctor Hil concerning the Descense of Christ into Hell. By Alexander Hume Maister of Artes. 4o.

No place of printing, printer's name, or date, but apparently printed at London in 1592 or 1593. Dedicated to Robert Earl of Essex. Although this is the first work that I can find attributed to Alexander Hume, yet there is no doubt that there must have been a former one of which we have no record, and the title and contents of Dr. Hill's book would lead us to this conclusion--The Defence of the Article. Christ descended into Hell. With arguments obiected against the truth of the same doctrine of one Alexander Humes. By Adam Hyll, D of Divinity. London 1592. 4o. This little volume consists of two parts; 1st, the original sermon preached by

Hill 28th February, 1589; 2nd, the reply to Hume. At p. 33, the end of the sermon, is this note, This sermon ... was answered by one Alexander Huns, Schoolemaester of Bath, whose answere wholy foloweth, with a replye of the author ... At p. 33, The reply of Adam Hill to the answere made by Alexander Humes to a sermon, etc.

A Diduction of the true and Catholik meaning of our Sauiour his words, _this is my bodie_, in the institution of his laste Supper through the ages of the Church from Christ to our owne dayis. Whereunto is


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annexed a Reply to M. William Reynolds in defence of M. Robert Bruce his arguments on this subject: displaying M. John Hammilton's ignorance and contradictions: with sundry absurdities following upon the Romane interpretation of these words. Compiled by Alexander Hume, Maister of the high Schoole of Edinburgh. Edinburgh, Printed by Robert Waldegrave, Printer to the King's Maiestie, 1602. Cum Privilegio Regis. 8o.

Prima Elementa Grammatic in usum juventutis Scotic digesta. Edinburgi, 1612. 8o.

Grammatica Nova in usum juventutis Scotic ad methodum revocata. Edinburgi, 1612. 8o.

Bellum Grammaticale, ad exemplar Mri. Alexandri Humii. Edinburgi, excud. Gideon Lithgo, Anno Dom. 1658 8o. Several later editions.

This humorous Grammatical Tragi-Comedy was not written by Hume, but only revised by him.

King James's Progresses, collected and Published by John Adamson afterwards Principal of the University of Edinburgh, entitled-- TA TN MOUSN EISOIA: he uses Welcome to the High and ighty Prince James &c. t his

ajesties happie Returne to

cotland

n

nno 1617.

dinburgh 1618, folio.

t page 1: His ajestie came from Bervik to Dunglas the xiij day of aye, where was delivered this [latin] speach following by . Hume.-- t page 16, there is also a couple of Latin verses signed lexander Humius.

. in the British useum. he present work.

. in the dvocates' Library:--

Rerum coticarum Compendium, in usum cholarum. Per lexandrum

Humium ex antiqua et nobili gente Humiorum in

cotia, a prim stirpe quinta sobole oriundum. his work is dated ctober 1660, and is therefore merely a transcript. t is an epitome of Buchanan's History, and Chr. rvine in Histor. cot. omenclatura, calls it Clavis in Buchananum, and Bishop icholson ( cottish Hist. Lib.) praises its Latin style.

he following three works are inserted by Dr. teven in his list ofHume's writings, and have been supposed to be his by 'Crie and others;but r. D. Laing believes there can be no doubt, from internalevidence, that the true author was lexander Hume, the poet, who becameminister of Logie, near tirling, in 1597, and who died in December,1609. n Wood's then xonienses, by Bliss, i., 624, it is stated that

all three of them were printed in London in 1594, in ctober, but thismust, think, be a mistake.

ne reatise of Conscience, quhairin divers secreits concerning that subject are discovered. t dinburgh, printed by Robert Walde-grave, Printer to the King's aiestie 1594. 8o.

f the Felicitie of the world to come, unsavorie to the obstinate, alluring to such as are gone astray, and to the faithfull full of consolation. dinb. 1594. 8o.


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Four Discourses, of Praises unto God, to wit, 1 in Praise of the ercy and Goodness of God. 2 of his justice. 3 of his Power. 4 of his Providence. dinb. 1594. 8o.

n conclusion, my acknowledgments are due to David Laing, sq., whohas kindly suggested some corrections in the list of Hume's works, inaddition to what is noted above.

London, February, 1865.

* * * * *

o the maest excellent in all princelie wisdom, learning, and heroical artes, J , of Great Britan, France, and reland, King, Defender of the faeth, grace, mercie, peace,

honoure here and glorie hereafter.

ay it please your maest excellent _ajestie_, , your grace's humbleservant, seeing sik uncertentie in our men's wryting, as if a man waldindyte one letter to tuentie of our best wryteres, nae tuae of thetuentie, without conference, wald agree; and that they quhae mightperhapes agree, met rather be custom then knawlege, set my selfe, abouta yeer syne, to seek a remedie for that maladie. Quhen had done,refyning it, fand in Barret's lvearie,[3] quhilk is a dictionarie

nglico-latinum, that r. homas mith,[4] a man of nae less worththen learning, ecretarie to Queen lizabeth, had left a learned and

judiciouse monument on the same subject. Heer consydering my aunweaknes, and meannes of my person, began to fear quhat might betyed mysillie boat in the same seas quhaer sik a man's ship was sunck in thegulf of oblivion. For the printeres and wryteres of this age, caring fornoe more arte then may win the pennie, wil not paen them selfes to knauwhither it be orthographie or skuiographie that doeth the turne: _and_ schoolmasteres, quhae's sillie braine will reach no farther then thecompas of their cap, content them selfes with atV fh my m s er s idi . Qu il I us overed be ueen ope _ nd_ desp re, e s me B rre ,in e le er E, myndes me o s r _ nd_ cons ell ion o c lm l

e ydes o ese se es, i i w ld ple se e supreme M jes ie ocomm nd e universi ie o censure nd r i ie, nd e sc ooles o

e c e u ure ge rig nd wr ng, i e presen will no rec ius

s pere. Heere my r e l gg red on e ope o your M_ jes ies_ judgemen , qu om God indeued wi lig in sor e supern ur l, i e w y mig be ound o dr ue your eie, se on ig m eres o s e,

o ke glim o ing o so me n con empl ion, nd ye necess rie.Qu iles I s ck in is cl ye, i ple sed God o bring your M_ jes ie_

me o visi your un Id . Qu er I rd your G_r ce_, in edispu es o l purposes qu erwi , er e exemple o _ _e wyse in

ormer ges, you use o se son your mo , ne quid ibi emporis sine ruc u lu , el sundrie ymes on is subjec reproving yourcour eoures, qu on new conce o innes sum ymes spil ( s ey


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c l i ) e king's l ngu ge. Qu ilk ing i is repor ed yourM_ jes ie_ no onlie re u ed wi impregn ble re sones, bu lsoe elon B rre 's opinion you w ld c use e universi ies m k n Inglis gr _m_m r o repres e insolencies o sik green e des. T is, qu en I

rd i , soe secunded my ope, in con inen I m ed moien ou oconvoy is li le re es o your M_ jes ies_ sig , o ur er (i per pes i m y ple se your G_r ce_) gud mo ion. In sc ool m eres,

e le s re no e le s , bec use o erre in em is m es bsurd.I e und ion be no sure, e m er gorgiouse e edi ice e grosser

e l . Nei er is i e le s p r e o prince's pr ise, cur sserem li er ri m, nd be is uc ori ie o mend e misses ignor n cus om bred. Julius Cs r w s noe less diligen o e ernize isn me be e pen en be e suord. Nei er oug e i unwor ie o

is p ines o wry e gr mm r in e e o e civil weer, qu ilk w s o em s e Englis gr m_m_ r is o us; _ nd_, s i seemes noe less

en necess rie, nor our's is now. M nie kinges since yme ve dv nced le eres be erec ing sc ooles, nd do ing revennues o eirm _in_ en nce; bu ew ve d e kn ulege em sel es o mend, orbe uic ed wi , e de ec es or l es crep in o e boueles o le rning, mong qu om JAMES e irs , ne o your M_ jes ies_ wor ieprogeni oures, oubei repressed be e iniqui ie o e yme, deservednoe sm l pr ise; nd your M_ jes ies_ sel noe less, co_m_m nding, your irs en rie o your Roi l scep er, o re orm e gr mm r, nd o

e c Aris o le in is un ongue, qu ilk es m ed e greek lm es s

common in Sco

l

nd

s

e l

ine. In

is

lsoe, i

i

ple

se yourM_ jes ie_ o pu o your nd, you ve l e windes o vour in yours il; ccoun , l doe ollow; judgemen , l doe reverence;wisdom, l dmire; le rning, s upi ied our sc oles e ring king borne, rom uel e yeeres ld lw yes occupyed in m eres o s e, moder in eologic l nd p ilosop ic l dispu iones, o e dmir ion o ll rd im, nd speci llie em qu d spen l

eir d yes in ose s udies.

[Foo no e 3: An Alve rie or Qu druple Dic ion rie, con ining our sundrie ongues, n melie, Englis , L ine, Greeke nd Frenc ... by Jo. B re . _London_, 1580. Folio. An edi ion w s publis ed in 1573, wi ree l ngu ges only, e Greek no being included.]

[Foo no e 4: De rec e emend Lingu Anglic Scrip ione Di logus. _Lu e i_, 1568. 4 o.]

Accep , dred Sover gne, your pover serv n es my e. I i c n con er nie ing o e mon n o your M jes ies pr ise, nd i wer bu clod, use

i _ nd_ e uc our s your's. T us beseeking your gr ce o ccep mymin , nd p rdon my miss, commi es your gr ce o e king o gr ce, ogr ce your gr ce wi l gr ces spiri u l _ nd_ empor l.

Your M_ jes ies_ umble serv n , Alex nder Hume.

OF THE ORTHOGRAPHIE

OF THE BRITAN TONGUE;

A TREATES, NOE


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SHORTER

THEN NECESSARIE, FOR

THE SCHOOLES.

OF THE GROUNDES OF ORTHOGRAPHIE.

C p. 1.

1. To wry e or ogr p ic llie er re o be considered e symbol, e ing symbolized, nd eir congruence. Geve me le ve, gen le re der,

in new r , o borrow ermes inciden o e purpose, qu ilk, beingde yned, wil ur er unders nding.

2. T e symbol, en, I c l e wri en le er, qu ilk represen es o eeie e sound e mou sould u er.

3. T e ing symbolized I c l e sound qu ilk e mou u eres qu en e eie sees e symbol.

4. T e congruence be ween em I c l e ins rumen o e mou ,qu ilk, w en e eie sees e symbol, u eres e sound.

5. T is is e ground o l or ogr p ie, le ding e wry er rom esound o e symbol, nd e re der rom e symbol o e sound. As,

or exemple, i I wer o wry e God, e uic o e midle o e ongueon e roo e o e mou be oer e vou l, nd e op o e ongue on

e ee be ind e vou l, myndes me o wry e i g_o_d. T e vou l isjudged be e sound, s s l be s ued ere er. T is is e rdes lesson in is re es, nd m y be c lled e key o or ogr p ie.

OF THE LATINE OUALES.

C p. 2.

1. We, s lm es l Europ, borrow our symboles rom e Rom nes.Qu er orr, o rec e ie our un, irs i be oves us o kn w eir's.T ei re in nu_m_ber 23: , b, c, d, e, , g, , i, k, l, m, n, o, p, q,r, s, , u, x, y, nd z.

2. To omi e needless ques iones o eir order nd ormes; o em, ive be vou les, ne no o spir ion, nd ll e res conson n es.

3. A vou l is e symbol o sound m ed wi ou e uic es o emou .

4. T ey re dis inguis ed e ne rom e o er be del ing ndcon r c ing e mou , nd re , e, i, o, u.

5. Qu w s e rig rom n sound o em is rd o judge, seeing nowwe eer n e rom nes; nd o er n iones sound em er eir un


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idiomes, nd e l ine s ey sound em.

6. Bu seeing our e r nd is wi our un bri n, we purpose o omi curiosi ies, _e _ qu ni il nos r in ersun . Our un, ou-be i di lec es o ne ong, di ering in e sound o em, di er lsoe inpronuncing e l ine. Qu er oer, o m ke con ormi ie b e in l ine nd Englis , we m n begin wi e l ine.

7. A, e irs o em, e sou soundes s be ei nd we sound i in b re, nudus; nd we, s be ei nd we sound i in b r, obex.

8. Bu wi ou p r i li ie ( or in is e r nd I ve se my comp s o e lo ds r o re son), we pronunce i be er. I I m eer dece ved,

re son s ll dece ve me.

9. For we geve i lw ies ne sound be be oer nd be ind econson n : ei eer ne nd er n o er. As in m b n , in e irs

u e syll bes ey sound i s i soundes in b re, nd in e l s s i sounds in b r. Qu erupon I ground is rgumen . T is e be ersound, no onelie o is, bu lsoe o l o er le eres, q_u i_lk is lw yes ne. Bu we sound i lw yes ne, nd er oer be er. Ad

eir sound o i is no r unlyke e s eepes b e, q_u i_lk e greeksymbolizes be h no a, bh not ba. See Eust t. in Homer.

10. Of t

is letter t

e l

tines t

emselfes

d tu

e ot

er soundsdiffering t e ne from t e ot er, nd e t from t is, qu ilk t eysym olized e dding n ot er vou l, nd u. And t ese t ey c lleddip t onges.

11. T e dip t ong t ey defyne to e t e sound of tu e vou les co lescinginto ne sound, qu ilk definition in u is pl en, in o scurer s nowwe pronunce it, for now we sound it gener llie lyke t e vou l e, wit outsound of t e , q_u i_lk, notwit st nding is t e princip l vou l in t isdip t ong sound. Questionles t t e first it semes to ve d sumdiffering sound from , sik s we pronunce in ste n, or t e sout inst in. But t is corruption is c ryed wit stronger tyde t en re sonc n resist, nd we wil not stryve wit t e stre m.

14. E followes, q_u i_lk in re son sould ve ut ne sound, for wit outdou t t e first intent w s to geve everie sound t e wn sym ol, ndeverie sym ol t e wn sound. But s now we sound it in quies ndquiesco, t e judiciouse e r m y discern tu e soundes. But ec use

eer we differ not, I wil cquiess. My purpose is not to de l wit impossi ilities, nor to mend l crookes, ut to conform (if re son wilconform us) t e sout nd nort e t in l tine nd in Englis .

15. Af t is vou l ryset tu e dip t onges, ei nd eu, qu ilk e t st ndes wel wit t e definition, sect. 11.

16. Of t e next, i, we differ f rder, nd t e knot rder to louse,

for net

er syde w

ntes sum re

son. T

ei in mi

i, ti

i,

nd sik ot

eres,pronunce it s it soundes in ide, m nere; we s it soundes in id,ju ere.

17. Among t e ncientes I fynd sum groundes for t eir sound. Cic. epist.f m. li . 9, epis. 22, voues t t ini, in l tin, nd b nei Gr k,had a sou d. A d Varro, w th su dr a c t s, wryt s dom s a ds rv s, for dom s a d s rv s, quh lk s mor lyk th sou d of b d th b d. If th s argum t r ach d as w l to short as la g, a d fw w r sur how ei was pro u c d thos day s, th s auctor t wald


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ov r-w gh our r aso ; but s g , m h , _ t_c., th f rst sshort, a d th last co_m_mo , a d th sou d of u c rta , I sta dat my r aso , s ct. 9, q_uh _lk s as pow rful h r for as th r for a.Th y pro u c ot s a d qu s, d a d qu d, a d qu , as th ypro u c t m h , t b , s b , b , _ t_c., a d th rfo r ot r ght.

18. As for o, lat , w d ff r ot; u, th south pro u_ _c s quh th syllab b g s or d s at t, as u, t u for tu, a d u um m u usfor u um mu us, q_uh _lk, b caus t s a d phtho g sou d, a d b caus th y th m s lf s, quh a co so a t follow s t, pro u c t oth rway s, I ho p I sal ot d argum t s to prov t wra g, a d ot b a pur voual.

OF THE BRITAN VOUALES.

Cap. 3.

1. Of a, our to gu w hav four sou d s, al so d ff r g a from a oth r, that th y d st gu sh th v r s g f cat o of word s, as, atal ma , a gud tal, a hors tal.

2. Quh rfo r th s cas I wald co_m_m d to our m th m tat o ofth gr k a d lat , quho, to m d th s crook, d vys d d phtho gs. L tth s mpl st of th s four sou d s, or that q_uh _lk s ow us ,sta d w th th voual, a d suppl th r st w th d phtho g s; as, for x mpl , I wald wryt th k g's hal w th th voual a; a shour of ha l,w th a ; ha l mar , w th a ; a d a h al h ad, as w cal t, quh lk th E gl sh cal s a whol h ad, w th a. A d so, b syd s th voual, w hav of th s thr d phtho g s, tua w th a b fo r, a a d a , a d a w_ _thth b fo r, a. Ad to th m au, howb t of a d st ct sou d; as,k aul g w th us, th south k owl g .

3. Th s a d al oth r d phtho g s I wald cou s l th t ach r s ot to

am

b

th

voual

s quh

rof th

y ar

ma

d, but b

th

sou

d q_uh

_lkth y ma k, for l ar r s w l far ma r as l tak th sou d from th mouth of th t ach r, th ma k t th m s lv s of th voual s

gr d t.

4. Of , w hav tua sou d s, q_uh _lk t s hard to judg q_uh _lk ss mpl st; as, a l, ul a; a d a l, a gu lla; h l, f r us; a d a h l, calx p d s. H r I wald com_m_ d to our m quha co fou d s th s th m tat o of th south, q_uh _lk doth w l d st gu sh th s sou d s,wryt g th l, ul a, w th th voual , a d l, a gu lla, w th th d phtho g . I am ot g ora t that sum symbol z s th s sou d w_ _th ad phtho g mad of ; , oculus; h l, f l, m l, _ t_c. H r I am

d ff r t, a d o l w sh s that th a b us d; l t th advys d

judg mak cho s of q_uh _lk, for my aw pa rt I lyk th last b st;1. b caus , oculus, ca ot w l b symbol z d ; 2. b caus th gr k s xpr ss h e ee, q_uh _lk, as app ar s b th Io a sa d Dor a s, draw s rar to a, t n e.

5. Of , also, our d om r c av s tua sou d s, as a ma 's w l, a dth w l of a fox. H r, also, I wald hav our m l ar of th south,for th s sou d s th y w l d st gu sh, wryt g w l, f l, m l, st l,w th ; a d wyl, fyl, myl, styl, w th y.


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6. H r I s b Barrat, h s Alv ar , that sum wald b atsymbol z g th s sou d s, th a w th th gr k d phtho g ei, a dth oth r w th v rt d; as, reid, qu tar ; beid, ma r ;r d, l g r ; h d, cav r . I th s op o I s a y of judg m t,a d th rfo r w l ot c sur t, xc pt I saw th auctour's whol dr ft.O l for my aw part I w ll avo d al ov lt s, a d co t t my s lfw th th l tt r s q_uh _lk w hav us . A d s g w hav o oth rus of y d st gu sh d from , co d sc d to th op o of th southus g for a , a d y for th oth r.

7. O, w sou d al alyk. But of t w hav su dr d phtho g s: oa, asto roar, a boar, a boat, a coat; o , as co , jo , fo l, so l; oo, asfood, good, blood; ou, as hous , mous , &c. Thus, w com_m_o l wrytmou ta , fou ta , q_uh _lk t w r mor tymolog cal to wryt mo ta ,fo ta , accord g to th or g al.

8. I th s d phtho g w co_m_m t a gross rrour, sav g b tt rjudg m t, sp ll g how, ow, a d s klyk w th w, for f w b (as t salapp ar, quh w cum to th aw plac of t) a co so a t, t ca o way s coal ss to a d phtho g sou d, s k as th s out of co trov rs s.

9. U, th last of th s ra k, th south, as I hav sa d th lat sou d of t, pro u_ _c s u, w ou, both, my s mpl judg m t, wra g,

for th

s

b

d

phtho

g sou

d

s, a

d th

sou

d of a voual sould b

s mpl . If I sould judg , th fr sh sou d s r st th voual sou das w pro u_ _c t mul a d mus .

10. Of t w hav a d phtho g ot y t, to my k awl g , obs rv d of a ;a d, for my aw part , I am ot w l r solv d th r how to sp l t, or

am t. O l I s t th s, to bou, a bow. I wa t ot quh th r Isould sp l th f rst buu, or th last boau. As, for x mpl , f Rob Hud w r ou l v g, h w r ot abl to buu h s au bou, or to bou h sau boau. A d th rfo r th s w th al th r st, hou b t oth r I hav mor for m , I l av to th c sur of b tt r judg m t.

OF CONSONANTES.

Cap. 4.

1. Th s for th voual s, a d d phtho g s mad of th m w thout th tu ch s of th mouth. Now follow th co so a t s.

2. A co so a t s a l tt r symbol z g a sou d art culat that s broak w th th tu ch s of th mouth.

3. Th strum t s of th mouth, quh rb th vocal sou d s b broak ,b umb r s v . Th th r l p, th upp r l p, th outward t th,th ward t th, th top of th to gu , th m dl to g, a d roof of th mouth. Of th s , thr b , as t w r , ha_m_m r s stryk g, a d th r stst dd s, k pp g th strak s of th ha_m_m r s.

4. Th ham_m_ r s ar th th r l p, th top of th to gu , a d th m dl to gu . Th st dd s th ov rl p, th outward t th, th wardt th, a d th roof of th mouth.


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5. Th th r l p stryk g o th ov rl p mak s b, m, p, a d o th t th t mak s f a d v.

6. Th top of th to gu stryk g o th ward t th form s d, l, , r,s, t, a d z.

7. Th m dl to gu stryk g o th rouf of th mouth form s th r st,c, g, k, j, q, a d x, a d so w hav 18 co so a t s borrow d of th lat s.

8. Th s th y borrow al from th gr k s, sav g j a d v, quh lk our ag sou d s oth r way s th t s m s th roma s d d; for Plutarch, mor th 100 y r s aft r Chr st, xpr ss g th sou d q_uh _lk th y had h s tym , symbol z s th m rar th sou d of th voual s quh rof th yar ma d th ow w sou d th m lat , for Galba h symbol z sju us v d x, unioV index, q_ h _lk, f th t ha s as

w w s t, h s l rath r hav wr tt t w th _gamma_ a _b ta_, gunioV b ndex.

9. W hav r s th sam s s q_ h _lk t s m s th s c s a t s ha Pl tarch's ay s, as yall , w t r. Q h lk,s w th y ar w r t f th lat s , my c s l s that w l av th s f th m q_ h _lk w s th lat s t th lat s,a tak as r's th s q_ h _lk th y hav l ft, a v t th

s

, q_

h

_lk

w w

s

lat

, th

lat

sym

l; as, j

l

jh

;v rt s t va ; a t th s s q h lk th y hav l ft th sym l s q_ h _lk w hav s rp t that ; as, yall , y k;wat r, wy .

10. A h r, t p t r m af th r rr r q h ha w t t sym l zyall w th a , a t p t ff r c t v a w, sa tal c s a t, r ak t th t p f th t a r t fth t th; yal, a tt ral s , ma a my t f th t t th r f f th m th, a th rf r th r a s s far sta t, a th t ch s v rs , th s sym l ca r as s rv that s , r

a f that ky .

11. As f

r v a

w, s

w

hav

r

m,

sy

th

lat

s

,a th r v r har lat , as w t s pr _ _c , I ca t tc m_m_ th w s m f th s th, q_ h _lk av th lat s th raw sym l, a t k t r s a sym l q h lk th y s t. Lyk wasth r w s m j a y; f r as th lat s s rp th v al f r ac s a t th r s , q_ h _lk th r k s ha t, s th y s rp y,a v al t m kl ff r t fr m , f r th c rr sp t s , t s th lat as w t s pr _ _c .

12. H rf r, f r st ct s f th s a sym l, I wal c mm th sym l a am f a t th v al s ; as, ff r t,

tha kf l; th sym ls f j a v t th lat c s a t s, a th r am s t j a va ; as, va j st s; a th sym l s y a w t

r E l sh s s, a th r am s t y a w , r y a wa ;as, y r, w l, yall , w l.

13. N w r ma th h, q_ h _lk w hav call a at f asp rat , cap.2, s ct. 2, a s, , v al, ca s w th a c s a t tmak s s ; as, ch; r c s a t, ca s t s pr _ _c w th t th t ch f th m th; as, ha.

14. It may aff ct al v al s _a _ phth s; as, ha , h , h ,h s , h rt, ha l, ha t , h alth, h l, h f r, _ tc._ B t h th


13/48

v al r t (s far as y t I ca fy ) t hath s . Ofc s a t s, t aff ct th y th v al; as, la h; p f r th v al; as, phas ; s a t als f r th v al; as, th k, sham .W th c w sp l th asp rat , t r_ _ t t a Ital a ch rt; as,char t , ch rr , f q h lk h r aft r.

OF OUR ABUSING SUM CONSONANTES.

Cap. 5.

1. N w I am c m t a k t that I hav w t cl av , a wal la f I c l h p f r h lp. Th r s l f r v r s that ca cc r sym l, a f v r sym l t l s . Th s r as a at r crav th; a I ca t t tr w t that th w rth

v t r s f th s vy fac lt sh t at th s mark.

2. B t, c trar t th s s r r , I wa t t q hat c rr pt ,w s , t l r m, t th lat als , sym l t hav s r s s, y , a that w r ; as, l , l s.

3. F

rst, t

w

th c,

t app

r

s

th

r

k

s, q

h

v

r ha

ccas t s a lat w r , q har w w s c as s, th rtym s t s k; f r C c r , th wryt K k r ; f r Csar, Ka sar; a Pl t., Gal a, sym l z s pr c p a, prinkipia.

4. Th s sou d of t we, s the l t es, lso ee e befoe , o, d u; s, c e , co du t, cumbe . But, befoe e d , sum tymes we sou d t,w th the l t , ly e s; s, cell , ce t , ce se, c t e, c cle,

_et_c.

5. Beh d the vou l, f co so t e t, we sou d t lw yes s ; s, occu , ccuse, succumb, cquy e. If t e d the syll b, we d e, dsou d t s s; s, e ce, v ce, sol ce, tem e ce; but ethe fo

the

dle e,

o

the sou

d of the s, h

ve we

e

e

so

;

ethe

d

e

I,w th l the o es of e so , ow g st so st g tyde. I h ld tbette to e e w th l, the to st yve w th l d me d o e.

6. Th s co so t, ev quhe the o g l t hes the w e sou d, wetu to the ch t we s of, c . 4, sect. 14, quh l , deed, c besymbol zed w th o e, e the g ee o l t lette es; s, f om c o,ch t; f om c o , ch o ; f om c stus, ch st; f om k uriak, chu ch,of q_uh _l I h d doctou L u e ce, the g ee ofessou Oxfoo d, m bothe of g e t le _ _g d judgeme t, utte h s o o to th sse se, d (exce my memo e f el me) these wo des: k uriak utba silik su esso subst t vo i ka domus domini est. Unde nostrumderiv tur, quod Scoti et Angli ore les recte, pronu_n_ci nt kyrk, nos

corrupte

c

urc

.7. Yet, notwit st nding t t it is r rouse, seing it is more usu l inour tongue t en c n e mended efoer t e vou l, s c nce, nd e indt e vou l, s suc , let it e sym olized, s it is sym olized wit c ,

ou eit net er t e c nor t e t nie ffinitie wit t t sound;1, ec use it t ene l ng soe used; nd 2, ec use we ve no ot erme n to sym olize it, except it wer wit new sym ol, q_u i_lk it will

e rd to ring in use.


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8. Now, qu er s c in n ture is c sper t, s it soundes in c rus ndc orus; nd seing we ve t t sound lso in use, s lic t, mic t; if I

d ene t t e first counsel, my vote w ld ve ene to ve geven c t e wn sound. But s now t e c se st ndes, ne quid nov ndum sit, quodnon sit necesse, I not onlie consent, ut lso com_m_end t e wisdom oft e sout , qu o, for distinction, wrytes lig t, mig t, wit g ndreferres c to t e ot er sound, ow e it improperlie, nd t isdistinction I com_m_end to our men, qu o yet es not s tis ttenteo served it.

9. Next cumes g, ow e it not so deformed s c; for, lt og we see itevin in l tin, nd t t, in one word ( s is s id c p. 5, sect. 2),distorted to tuo sonndes, yet ot m y st nd wit t e n ture of t esym ol nd differ not in t e instrumentes of t e mout , ut in t e formof t e tuic , s t e judiciouse e r m y m rk in go, gis; g m, ges.

10. T is conson nt, in l tin, never followes t e vou l; efoer , o, u,it keepes lw yes t e wn sound, nd efoer e nd i re kes it.

11. But wit us it m y ot egin nd end t e syll ; s, g ng; it m y, ot e ind nd efoer, ve eit er sound; s, get, gist, gin, gi nt.

12. T ese t e sout t providentlie minted to distinguis tuo w yes, ut es in deed distinguis ed noe w y, for t e first sum t used tuo

gg;

s, egg, legg,

igg,

gg; for t

e ot

er dg;

s,

edge, edge, ridge; ut t ese r not kat pntoV. Gy e , me v r , c bewr e dg e ; r g e d , gg e ; e her beh d he v u r heyge er ; ge, r ge, u ge, re ever wry e w h dg. Quherf er Ic c ud h , ee g e her he u d r he ymb h h e re be u dr e, w h u gre er uc r e, r he re ch f r v w ,

h f c rr g b e.

13. Here I m g r quh d e he e r ed m e b u he ymb e f c, g, d q, h hey be ymb e , bu f e u d;bu I w med e h que , be g be yde my ur e, q_uh _

c rrec he ymb e , bu fy d he be u e f hem ur d m.

14. T, he f he e m u ed u d ure , ee e w ye ' u

ure, exce be bef er ; , r , dec m , rr ; f rwe r u ce d u . O e e e be heer b erved h f receed , he ee e he w ure, que , ugge , _e _c.

15. Thu h ve I breef e h d ed he e ere d he r u de , quh ,

e d h r e, I w d w h he r ere , he r , b, c, ex re e hu :-- , e, , u, e , b, c, d, e, ee, e , eu, f, g, h, ,j, , , m, , , , , u, , q, r, , , u, u , v, w, x, y, z, d

he m ere e ch g he r u e u d he d h h ge , be hev u e quh r f hey be m de, bu be he u d quh hey m

e g; y w ye I w d h ve hem me w, dub e u r v, g u, w hey d e; bu he , v u r ve, d he f r , w u r we; d

j, f r d ffere ce f he v u , wr e w h g , I w d w h

be c ed j d r je.

OF THE SYLLAB.


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C . 6.

1. N w f we he y b, quh fu u d ymb zed w hc ve e e ere , d c e f e r m e.

2. A y b f e e er ymb zed w h v u e e; , b e, e ever, d e, ver, u u e, f r c c m e y b e.

3. A y b f m e e ere m de f v u e e e, r e f v u e d c e . Of e v u e he y b c ed d h h g, f

quh we h ve e he v u e quher f hey r c m ed.

4. A y b f v u e d c e e her beg _ _e hev u , , , e ; r e c _ _ , m ; r u c _ _ e , d, ee ; r e hre he m e , r d,

ry . I e de e her v u , f , f ; r e c , r, er; r u , be , d r ; r hre he m e , dur ,w r .

5. Heer be ed, h d vyd g y be , he c e , e r m e, h m y beg y b e w y he m dde f w rd be g

he v u f w g, que- , qu -re , f - h r, -fr ,

b

-

rd, de-

cr

b, re-

cue.6. I e heer be b erved r g d wry g, h quhe w rd f e be d vyded he e d f y e, h he r mu be m de he e d f y b, e h he e y e e d he e d f

he wh y b, d he her beg he ex y e. A , f r exem e, f h w rd m g r fe be d v ded he f r y b, beh ved be m -g r ; f he ec d, beh ved be m g - r ; bu w ye r e he m fr m he , r he g fr m he , r he fr m ,

r he fr m r.

OF THE RULES TO SYMBOLIZE.

C . 7.

1. T ymb z r gh , he u d f he v u f r be b erved,quh her be m e v u r c m u d, d quh f hem bech e , f r quh ru e c be geve bu he judgeme_ _ f he e r.

2. Nex he c e re be m r ed; d f r , quh her hey bre he v u bef er r beh d; he quh her hey be e r m e; d

e, w_ _ h quh rg e f he m u h hey be br e .

3. F r be he rg e f he m u h, quherw h he y b br e , hec e re d cer ed be quh he y b mu be ymb zed,quh we h ve d, c 1, ec . 5.

4. The c e m y d ffer h mm r ( we c ed , c . 4, ec 3) d dd e, b d d. Or hey m y gre h m_m_er d d ffer

dd e, b d v. Or hey m y gre b h d d ffer he u ch,

f d v, m d , d g.


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5. The u ch bef er he v u be f g he h m_m_er f he dd e; d , , ; d beh d, be ry g he h mmer he dd e; d, , . A d quhe he h mmer d he dd e re e, he d ffere ce

he h rd e d f e f he u ch; m y be ee c d g ,

d d . Bu w d y m e e e f my h h rd erce ve,

d herf er d d he e ymb z hem w h he ymb f hev u e . They re ever u ed bu bef er he v u ; we, ye, w , y u;behy d he v u he m e c u d, r u d be wr e , d

herf re w d v w, w h here , re [ ] be wr e w_ _ hw, d bef er.

6. Of h q_uh _ w d m y be g hered h ge er , q_uh _ Ic ed he e e f r h gr h e, c . 1 ec . 5, h he c grue ce f he ymb d u d ymb zed; h , h b he mu be g

he me rg e d be u ched f er he me f rm.

7. A d, be he c r r e, here c ere h u de r u_ _ced w h h rg c be wr e w h ymb e f h ; , f r exem e,

b e ymb c erve de r gu ur u d; r gu ur ymb de r b e u d.

8. T c ere h , d e ref rm err ur bred he u h,

d w u ur ed be ur g r r ere , I w e quh befe my e fquhe I w he u h w h ec gud fre de f my e. Ther re e,

u

um

cc

de

, quh

her quh

, quhe

, quh

, _e

_c.,

u

d be ymb zed w h q r w, h d u be ue e h m d me. Af erm e c f c e (f r we f e e c u ered), we me be ch ce, hec e f B e h, w_ _ h D c ur f d v e f b h ur cque ce.He v ed u de er. A b e my g , br g he que

f m _ _g h w c d c e , beg h I w becum here , d he d c ur er g h w, uered h I de yed quh be

e ed w h w, bu w h qu. Be quh re ? qu d he D_ c ur_.Here, I beg _ _g y my gru_ _de f b , de , d gu ur

u de d ymb e , he ed me h h d d he h , h he d_ c ur_ h d m e d e w me r m f r y g me. The ( d I) b e er c ymb z gu ur y b. Bu w

b e er, quh gu ur u d. A d herf er w c ymb z

quh

,

r

e

y

b

f

h

ure. Here

he d_

c

ur_

y

g

hem g (f r b r ed e ), he r , d he, I u der d;

he um Sc h, d he c c u f e. Quher ughed, f I h d be e dryve fr m re ye, d I fre ed ee

fr v u e je g e f r d uer. My r gr u ded he 7 ec f h me c ., q_uh _ e m , I r w, c de ye h ever u ed he e e f re . A d e he que mu re he

um quh her w be b e er d quh gu ur y b. A f r w, e he exem e f w , we , wy e, juge quh re u dedbef er he v u w h m f he e , d he me c ., ec . 5. A f r quh , be yde h d fferre fr m qu e e be

r , d h w, be g e erfec c , c be

r ed, I e e jud c u e e re , q_uh _ C cer r bu ed m e, quh her he r quh be ex m gu ure,

d herf er b .

OF RULES FROM THE LATIN.

C . 7. (_ c._)


17/48

1. Heer, ee g we b rr w m e fr m he , re h wee her f w hem ymb z g he r' , r deduce fr m hem hegr u de f ur r h gr h e.

2. Im r m , he , quh ever we der ve fr m hem wr e w h c we u d

e wry e w h c, h wbe u d he g r ; c ce ve, rece ve, erce ve, fr m c c , rec , erc ; c cer ,d cer , fr m c cer , d cer ; cce e, ucce e, rece e, fr m cced , ucced , reced , w_ _ h m e m e, q_uh _ I c m_m_e d he

e f he wry er.

3. A quh hey wry e w_ _ h we u d e wry e w h ; erv , fr m ervu ; e e, fr m e u ; e fr m e ; ,fr m .

4. Ne her he c j ed w_ _ h here be m ed; c e ce dc c e ce, fr m c e , c c e ; ce d d de ce d, fr m

ce d , de ce d ; re c d d b c d, fr m re c d d b c d .

4 (_ c_). Th d ffere ce f c d he m re e ve e bem r ed f r h w rde f e u d d d ver e g f c re m y

yme d gu hed be he e ymb e ; , he ge ecre e c u c , d he f hfu c u f fre de; c ce mu , d c e f

my

de

;

due

ce

,

d

e

h

r

e;

dece

weed,

d de

ce

f b e h u e. The e u d fferre e cce .

5. Ly w ye , h we der ve fr m verb e , u d bewry e w h ; r , v , educ , v c , r c m , dm , _e _c.

6. W rde deryved fr m he d um we wry e w h ce; ju ce, fr m ju ; e ge ce, fr m e ge ; v ce, fr mv um; erv ce, fr m erv um. I q_uh _ , h ube he e beh d

he c be d e, ye u e he m de er b e he bre g f he c, f r gue be r w h um e h c byde he u ch

e f rue r h gr h e.

7. C e wr e ur w rde deryved fr m x ; e ce,fr m x; f r ce, fr m f r x; m r ce, fr m m r x; ur ce, fr m

u r x, q_uh _ he u h c e ur e, w h u f b h

u d d ymb ; be h we wry e fe c e, ud c e, e c e, _e _c.

8. Ly w ye we u d ee he v u e f he r g , quher he r hw rre he u h; fr m re e , he r h re e, he u h re ; fr mf r , he r h f r , he u h f r ; fr m reg u_m_, he r hreg e, he u h r g e; fr m c r, he r h c r ge, he u h c ur ge;fr m dev r , he r h dev re, he u h dev ur; fr m v x, he r hv ce, he u h v ce; fr m dev ve , he r h dev e, he u h

dev u e; fr m guerrum, he r h were, he u h w r; fr m g g ,g g , he r h gy , he u h g u ; fr m m , m , he r h m , he u h m u . Of h I c d rec rm e , bu w

re ume judge f r her he he c m e f my w c , f r h wbe we ee e r r he r g , ye gue h ve he r d m b rr w gfr m he , r her f r gue .


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OF SUM IDIOMES IN OUR ORTHOGRAPHIE.

C . 8.

1. I ur gue we h ve me r c e q_uh _ c be ymb zedw h r m ymb e , r r gh e r u ced bu be ur w , f r we m ye ce e b rb d behy d c , quher hey c m ve w h u v u erve g, h he e r c h rd e judgequh her he r erve e v u r e.

2. I h c e um, v d he r u_ _c f he v u bef er he d , wry e beh d; e, m e, mu e, e e. Quh h ube curre her c ve e ce f r u_ _c g he v u beh d he r , ye I d r re ume re r ve, bec u e e hmy w h w v d b h c ve e ce , d herf er h I e ve

he w f he wry er.

3. Sum f ur me he e u um u u u f rme f ymb z g,q_uh _ I w d w h be ref rmed, ye f I br g re , e m ch ge f r my h e.

4. F r , f r e e hey wry e e e, I r w bec u e cume fr m u u ; bu f h be re , I w d u der d re quhy hey

e

e

e. Or g

f

hey

e

e, I w

d u

der

d quhy hey wry e hey e . I we hey h ve he exem e f Fr ce

e e w y d wry e her; bu h exem e gud b rb he he e d f ever e w rd. A exem e re m b e.

5. They u e e wry e g cque, mu cque, rhe r cque, d her f h r e, w h cque. If h be d m e he c g c , _e _c.,

ub , quhy wer be er u y he ce f , he

hedge w h wh d e y b; wer b h m re r h gr h c

d e er f r he e r er, f r c d re b, _ h _ he e gree d he her ymb f e u d. I h r y e b urd wry e h h u re de , re d h h u wry e .

6. We u

e

e,

m

he e

d

f ever

e w

rd,

wry

e

d

e e.Th um defe d be d e, bec u e ffec e he v u bef re hec , he u d quher f m y yme ere he g f c ; ,h er u_m_ ede re, h e er re; f r, b e , fyre, g ; f , , f e, r b u ; b d, jubere, b de, m ere; w hm y m e. I rue h he u d f he v u bef er he c m y yme d h ch ge he g f c ; bu u rue h hev u e beh d he c d h ch ge he u d f he v u bef re

. A v u devyded fr m v u be c c be e b eme re ur h r ugh he c he f rmer v u . C e be ue e v u e re y e r w e be ue r me . N h g c ch ge he u d f v u bu her v u c e c g w h

e u d, f q_uh _ we h ve e uff c e e, c . 3,

u r h be he me exem e , re h ; er re h e ; b e f r; g , fyr, r, f y u w , f er; jubere b d; m ere,byd r b ed.

7. Ye um c e we re f rced er h d e e; 1. w rde e d g c, bre he u d f ; e ce, f ce, ce, ju ce,

_e _c.; 2. beh d , w rde wry e w h h ; f e, e, c e,mu e, u e, _e _c.; 3. beh d br e g; w ege, v ge, u ge,

d ge. Ther m y be m e, d he e I ye d bec u e I e e her w ye

he h ece e, r her he h I c h ye d e ymb


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er b e ju r h gr h e.

OF THE ACCENTES OF OUR TONGUE.

C . 9.

1. Se g h we fy d e e he u h d r h d ffer m re cce he ymb , bu e e w rd w h u dr e cce h ve d ver e g f c , I c m_m_e d h h m quh he uc r e, c m_m_ d r ere d wry ere he cce ed y b ever e w rd w h e e e d ge ce he we ee he grec e

he r' .

2. C cer , h bu de Or re d Bru um, m e ur h rm e h ever e w rd r u ced be he m u h f m h ve e cu e y b,

d h ever f r her fr m he e d he he h rd y b, quh hegr mm re e c e he me e d he e e u . Quh b erv f

b e w m rue gue q_uh _ he u der ud, he gree

d . Bu f C cer h d u der ud ur gue, he u d h ve h rd he cce he f ur h y b fr m he e d; m r m e,

r

m

e, vd

m

e,

er

b

e,

ge

ce

,

d wh

e g

rr

e

f y e ver e. Th e e re m y f he cce he e e u m rm e, r he e u m r m e, r he m r m e.

3. The he ur e we h ve he me cce e q_uh _ he d he gree h h, cu e, c rcu_m_f ex, d gr ve.

4. The cu e r e h he y b quher e ; r f e, rf ,m ude .

5. I m y e e he y b: u r , re ce, cre; he e u : bjec , c d e, crf e; he e e u : d ffcu e,m er, f e; d he f ur h fr m he e d, d ec .

2;

c

e,

b

e, d

ge

e. I

q_uh

_

,

f

m

ch ge he cce_ _ , he he u d f he w rd.

6. The gr ve cce ever ed, bu e e u der d y be quher he cu e d c rcumf ex . O e, f r d ffere ce, um w rde r m r ed w h , hu `, e g c r r e he cu e.

7. The c rcumf ex cce b h f e d fe e he y b h

e e h, d c mby e he m r e f her u e, hu . Of h we,

he e , he m u e. Bu he u h h h gre u e f ,

d h he r d ec d ffere m re fr m ur' he her u de r ymb e .

8. The u e f he cce w be f g d m r ce f r he r gh r u_ _c f ur gue, quh w we d e f r e, r e, dc f rm g f he d ec e , q_uh _ , I h ve d, d ffere m

h .

OF THE APOSTROPHUS AND HYPHEN.


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C . 10.

1. The e r ed r ere u e ymb z r hu d hy he we , b, c.

2. A r hu he ejec g f e er r y b u f e w rd r u be ue e u e, d w ye m r ed b ve he y e, wer c m_m_ , hu '.

3. Ou f e w rd he r hu m u u e e; P . 73,v. 3, f r quhe I u uch f h me , I grug'd, d d d d d ; dv. 19, They re de r y'd, d ch'd, c um'd.

4. Be ue e u e w rde we b e e her fr m he e d f he f rmer r hebeg _ _g f he er.

5. We b e fr m he e d f he f rmer quhe e de v u d he ex beg e v u ; , h' gr e; h' e r e; I ' , f r I

ee .

6. I b g fr m he w rd f w g, we, he r h, u e merve u e ber e; , he' wy e m , f r he wy e m ; I' mee w h h m, f r I w mee w h h m; h ' f f e , f r h fu

f f

e

;

d

h

we u

e

ur c

m_m_

gu

ge. A

d q_uh

_

r ger, we m e yme cu f he e d f he w rd; , he' e he,f r he e he.

7. Th f r r hu . Hy he , wer, b d u g wh w rde j ed c m ; , h d-m ed, he rd-m , gue- yed, u -r ge, f er-w r ed, m -re r ed, f -deemed.

OF THE CONGRUITIE

OF OUR BRITAN

TONGUE.

LIB. 2.

OF THE PERSON.

C . 1.

1. A w rde q_uh _ we u e ex re e ur my de re er r m er .

2. A er w rd q_uh _ dm e d ver e f er .

3. Per he f ce f w rd, quh d ver e f rme f e ch d ver e e u e ; , I, Pe er, y h h u r he f G d.Th u, Pe er, ye h I m he f G d. Pe er d h I m he

f G d.


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4. Quheru er f r , ec d, d h rd.

5. The f r er f h m h e e ; , I wry e.

6. The ec d er f h m h e ; , h u wry e .

7. The h rd er f h m h e f; , Pe er wry e .

OF NU_M_BER.

C . 2.

1. Number d c f er be e d m e; d e gu r

d ur .

2. The gu r e e f e; , h d, ree, hee , h r e, m .

3. The ur e e f m e he e; , h de , ree , hee , h r e ,

me

,

u

,

hree, f

ure,

r m

e,

r h

w m

e

ever.4. Th d ffere ce c m_m_ e ed w h e he e d f he w rd gu r; , h u e, h u e ; w d e, w d e ; d re, u d re .

5. Sum yme ed be ch g g e er; , m , me ; w m ,weme ; g e, gee e.

6. Sum yme be ch g g e h g; , hee , h u d hee ; h r e, hu dred h r e; u e, e u e.

OF THE DETERMINATION OF THE PERSON.

C . 3.

1. A er w rd u r verb. A u w rd f e er w_ _ h ge der d c e; , I e e f he f r er ; h u

e e f he ec d; d her u e re e e he h rd er ; , h u, Th m , he d, h d, e, b , exce hey be j ed w h I

r h u.

2. The er f u gu r de erm ed r u de erm ed.

3. The de erm ed er ed w h he, d de erm ed e herbe her ub ve; , he g f Br ; r be djec ve; ,

he be g Eur ; r be re ve; , G d re erve he gquh m he h h geve u .

4. The u de erm ed u ed w h bef er v u ; , dm u d be wy e; d w h bef er c ; , f her u dc m_m_ d h .


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OF THE GENDER OF A NOUN.

C . 4.

1. Ge der he ffec f u f r d c f ex.

2. Sex d c f u be m e d fem e, d he e red gu hed he e fr m he her, r b h fr m h ge w h u ex.

3. The e d gu hed fr m he her be he d he.

4. He he f he m e; , he gud judge; he wy e m ;he eed e h r e; he cr u e c c ; he f we her.

5. She he e f he fem ex; , he ch m r ; he ud meer; he f he ; he m c we.

6. N u e h w ex re ed w h ; , e ree; uee e; h rd f ; f er d y; f u w y.

7. I

he

ur

umber

hey

re

d

gu

hed;

,

hey

re h

e

me ; hey re ver ue u e d e ; hey re h ghe m e .

OF THE CASE OF THE NOUN.

C . 5.

1. C e ffec f u f r d c f er ; , hec r er e fe me; e he m ve c e. The c r er f

e hur

me;

e

he ge

ve c

e. Quh

c

y

u d

e

e;

e he d ve c e. He br he e ; he ccu ve c e.Quhy de h u e; he v c ve. A d he hur me w h

e; he b ve c e.

2. Th d ffere ce we dec y e, d h he e d gree e , be erm e , bu w h e , f er he m er f he hebrue , quh hey c r c e .

3. The m ve h h her bu he r c e f de erm ; , he e e be w h m e he de ; h r e erve m m e

u e ; me uc r e u d be er e f gh .

4. Our ge ve w ye j y ed w h her u , d ed w h f, r .

5. W h f, f we he u quh r w_ _ h j ed; , heh u e f g d m we g ver ed.

6. W h receede he w rd quher f g ver ed, d devydedfr m w h r hu ; , gud m ' h u e we g ver ed.

7. Th um h de be egme f h , d herf er w m


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wry e h f r , f wer c rru . Bu egme fh ; 1. bec u e h he m cu ge der, d h m y be f m ; s, mothe 's love s te de ; 2. bec use h s s o el e s gul , dth s m y be lu l; s, l me 's ve tues e ot we .

8. The d t ve s o ted w_ _th to, d fo ; s, geve l be t e ev tothe best youth d t w l luxu t. Al me doeth fo them selves; fewfo f e de.

9. The ccus t ve h th oe othe o t the the om t ve; s, the he dgove es the bod e.

10. The voc t ve s the e so to quhom the s e ch s d ected; s,quhe ce cumes thou e s.

11. The bl t ve s o ted w_ _th e os t o es , w th, be, d s ly e; s, be god l th ges we m de; God w_ _th h s wo d h s w esbeg ; my f the 's house e m e m s o es.

OF THE DEGREES OF COMPARISON.

C

. 6.

1. Al ou es th t w l jo w th subst t ve c lled dject ves; s,gud, h gh, h d, sueet, sou .

2. These, d l th t w l dm t m e d m st, e com ed be deg ees; s, sueet, mo e sueet, most sueet.

3. Of com so the be th e deg ees: the os t ve, com t ve, dsu e l t ve, f the f st m y be c lled deg e.

4. The os t ve s the f st os t o of the ou ; s, soft, h d;

quhyte, bl

; ho

t, c

ld.

5. The com t ve excedes the os t ve be mo e, d s fo med of the os t ve be dd g e ; s, softe , h de ; quh te , bl e ; ho te ,c lde .

6. The su e l t ve excedes the os t ve be most, d s fo med of the os t ve be dd g est; s, softest, h dest; quhytest, bl est;ho test, c ldest.

OF THE VERB'S PERSON AND NUMBER.

C . 7.

1. Th s fo the ou . The ve b s wo d of l e so es decly ed w thmood d tyme; s, I w yte, thou w ytes, he w ytes.

2. We decly e ot the e so es d u_m_be es of the ve b, s doth thel t e, but o t them be the e so of the ou .


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3. They e o ted w_ _th I, thou, d he the s gul umbe ; we,ye, d they the lu l.

4. The u_m_be s o ted w th I d we; thou d ye; he d they.

OF THE MOOD OF THE VERB.

C . 8.

1. The mood s ffect o of the ve b se v g the v et e ofutte ce.

2. We utte the be g of th ges o ou w w l.

3. The be g of th ges s utte ed be quy g o vou g.

4. We quy e of th t we w ld w; s, m de God m w_ _thout sy e;

d th s the su os t of the ve b followes the ve b.

5. We

voue th

t q_uh

_l

we

w;

s, God m

de m

w

thout s

e;

d th s the su os t eceedes the ve b.

6. We utte ou w l be ve bes s g fy g the fo m of ou w l, o ost os g the su os t.

7. We w sh be w ld god, god g t, d god o ; s, w ld god I ew thesec etes of tu e.

8. We e m t the w ll of othe es be lett g; s, let God yse; leteve e m h ve h s w wyfe.

9. We b d ou fe ou es, d y ou su e ou es, be ost o g the

su

os

t to the ve

b;

s, goe ye

d te

ch

l

t

o

es; he

e me, my God.

OF THE TYME OF THE VERB.

C . 9.

1. Tyme s ffect o of the ve b o t g the d ffe e ces of tyme, d s e the ese t, st, o to cum.

2. Tyme ese t s th t q_uh _l ow s; s, I w yte, o m w yt g.

3. Tyme st s th t q_uh _l w s, d t s ss g befoe , st els,o st befoe .

4. Tyme ss g befoe , q_uh _l we c l m e fectl e st, s of th gth t w s doe g but ot do e; s, t fou hoo es I w s w yt g; Quhe you s to me I w s w yt g, o d d w yte, s L ll e ex ou des t.

5. Tyme st els s of th g ow st, q_uh _l we c l e fectl e


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st; s, I h ve w tte .

6. Tyme st befoe s of th g befoe do e d e ded; s, t fou hoo es, o quhe you s to me, I h d w tte .

7. Tyme to cum s of th t q_uh _l s ot yet begu ; s, t fou hou esI w l w yte.

OF THE POWER OF THE VERB.

C . 10.

1. A ve b s g f es be g o doe g. Of be g the s o el e o e, I m,

d s thus v yed.

2. I the ese t tyme, I m, thou t, he s; we e, ye e, they e.

3. I tyme ss g befoe , I w s, thou w s, he w s; we we , ye we , theywe .

4. I

tyme

st els, I h

ve be

e, thou hes be

e, he hes be

e; we h

vebe e, ye h ve be e, they h ve be e.

5. I tyme st befoe , I h d be e, thou h d be e, he h d be e; we h dbe e, ye h d be e, they h d be e.

6. I tyme to cum, I w l be, thou w lt be, he w l be; we w l be, ye w lbe, they w l be.

7. Ve bes of do g e ct ves o ss ves.

8. The ct ve ve b dhe es to the e so of the ge t; s, Ch st h thco que ed hel d de th.

9. The ss ve ve b dhe es to the e so of the t e t; s, hel dde th e co que ed be Ch st.

10. These ou d om co jug tes o el e tuo tymes, the tyme ese t dtym st; s, I w yte, I w ote; I s e , I s ; I he e, I h d; I se, Is w; I fele, I felt.

11. The othe d ffe e ces of tyme ex essed be the otes of the ve bof be g, o be the ve b of be g t self, d t c le; s, I w sw yt g; I h ve w tte ; I h d w tte ; I w l w yte.

OF THE ADVERB.

C . 11.

1. A wo d m e so l s q_uh _l l fo mes of s e ch ee es o e f ce,

d th s s dve b o co ju ct o .


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2. A dve b s wo d dhe g m st com_m_o l e w_ _th ve b w th o ef ce l moodes, tymes, u_m_be es d e so es; s, I leve h dl e,thou leves h dl e; I d d leve h dl e; I h ve leved h dl e; I h dleved h dl e; I w l le ve h dl e; leve he h dl e; God fo b d he leveh dl e.

3. Ou me co fou des dve bes of l ce, q_uh _l the southd st gu shes s wel s the l t , d the foe let us ot sh me tole e.

4. They use quhe , hee , the , fo the l ce q_uh _l ; quhe ce,he ce, the ce, fo the l ce f om quh l ; quh the , h the , th the , fo the l ce to q_uh _l ; s, quhe dwel you? quhe ce cum you? quh the goeyou?

5. They lso d st gu sh wel , to, d u to: , they use w th the l ce quhe ; to, w th the th g quh the ; d u to, fo how f ; s,ou f the , q_uh _l t he v , dm t us to he v , d l ft usf om the e th u to he v .

6. Hee , bec us sum ou es cu e to dve bes, let us lsoe o tthe d ffe e ces.

7. F st o d ot. Noe s ou , ullus l t , d ou to gue

lw

yes

ecedes the subst

t

ve quh

l

t

ulleth;

s,

oe m

,

oe

gle, oe god.

8. Not s dve b, o l t , d ou to g followes the ve bth t t ulleth; s, hee ot, g t ot; I hee ot, I g t ot; I w l

ot hee , I w l ot g t.

9. A e, ou d om, d . A e s ou of u_m_be , l t u us;

t cule of dete m t o eced g vou l, s we h ve s d c .3, sect. 4.

10. Thee d the. Thee s the ccus t ve of thou; s, thou loves God,

d God loves thee. The s the dete m ed ot of ou , of q_uh _l we

s

c

. 3, sect. 3.

OF THE CONJUNCTION.

C . 12.

1. Co ju ct o s wo d m e so l se v g to co le d ve se se ses. A dof t the be tuoe so tes, the o e e u_ _c t ve, d the othe

t oc t ve.

2. The co ju ct o e u c t ve co es the tes of e od, d eco ul t ve, s d; co ex ve, s f; d sju ct ve, s o ; o d sc et ve, s howbe t.

3. The t oc t ve co les the tes of t oc t o , d t e the fe es the co clus o o the e so .

4. The foe fe es the co clus o ; s, oe m c ee the l w thought, wo d, d deed: d the foe oe m befoe the judg of the


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h t, wo d, d deed, c be just fyed be the l w.

5. Bec use fe es the e so ; s, I w l s ew the out, bec use thou t ethe ho t o c ld.

OF DISTINCTIONES.

C . 13.

1. A d st ct o s quhe be se te ces e d st gu shed w yt g d e d g. A d th s s e fect o m e fect.

2. A e fect d st ct o closes e fect se se, d s m ed w th ou d u ct, thus . o t led u ct, thus ?

3. The ou d u ct co cludes sse t o ; s, f Ab h m w s just fyedbe wo es, he h d quhe of to glo e.

4. The t led u ct co cludes te og t o ; s, s l we, quh ede d to sy , leve to t?

5. The m e fect d st ct o d vydes the tes of e od, d sm ed w th tuoe u ctes, the o e u de the othe , thus : d s edw th h lf the use of e fect u ct; s, l h ve sy ed, d f lle f om the glo e of god: but e just fyed f el e be h s g ce.

6. The com_m_ d vydes the le st tes of the e od, d s o u ced e d g w th sho t sob.

7. The e thes s d vydes the e od se te ce te l ced o sumoccu e ces q_uh _l cohe es be oe sy t x w_ _th th t q_uh _l

eceedes d followes; s, fo exem le of be th, d to co clud th st e tesse:

Bless, guyd, dv ce, ese ve, olo g Lo d ( f thy le su be) Ou K g _ d_ Quee , d ee the seed thy me to m g f e.

* * * * *

NOTES.

The fo ego g T ct s o e of g e t te est, ot o ly o ccou t of ts t s c me t, but lso fo the cy style of w t g do ted by ts

utho . We f d h m co t u lly g sh g h s l gu ge w th such d om t c d colloqu l ex ess o s s the follow g:--Quh e's s ll eb e w ll e che o f the the the com s of the c ( ge 2);

d g , but w ll ot esume to judge f the the the com sse ofmy w c ( . 20). He obse ves of the te s d w te s of h s geth t they c e fo oe mo e te the m y w the e e ( . 2), do the s me ge he s ys, quh les I st c th s cl ye, wh ch e sto be equ v le t to ou te m stuc the mud. At . 3 he s ys, d t we but clod; t . 14, e the d e I, w th l the o es of e so , ow g st so st g tyde; d g , o . 18, we f d e so u de othe s ect, thus, oe m I t ow c de ye th t eve


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su ed the e es of e so .

It seems th t the ex ess o , _Quee 's E gl sh_, s by o me s ofmode d te, s we h ve t s the _ g's l gu ge_ t . 2.

Hume l me ts, h s Ded c t o , the u ce t ty of the o thog hy ev l g t the t me he w tes, d yet we f d h m s ell g wo ds

seve l d ffe e t w ys, eve w th the com ss of s gle se te ce,w thout be g ble to l y the bl me u o the te s; thus we f d h mw t g ju_d_geme t o . 11, ju_d_ge . 8, d ju_d_g . 33, but juge . 18; d the e e umbe less othe st ces th t t would be ted ousto e ume te. Ag , the utho uses m xtu e of Scotch d E gl sh, sowe h ve somet mes e d somet mes o e; e o ge 1 d oe o . 2;m e d m st, d mo e d most, eve the s me se te ce ( . 30); dtwo s s elt th ee d ffe e t w ys, tu e, tuo, d tuoe.

Ou utho 's st y E gl d e s to h ve d w h s tte t o to thed ffe e ces betwee the two l gu ges of Scotl d d E gl d, wh ch hed st gu shes s No th d South. He ce t ly shows, some st ces,the g e te co ect ess of the Scotch w th eg d to the s ell g ofwo ds de ved f om the L t ; s, et e ste d of et , co ge

ste d of cou ge, etc. ( . 20), wh ch wo ds the edu d t lette sth t we Southe e s h ve t oduced e th ow out. He s, howeve , by

o me s t l, d g ves us se whe he th s we dese ve t.

P ge 9. The gume ts f vou of the sou d g ve by the E gl sh U ve s t es to the L t _ _ e cu ous: t s st ted to h ve ts v lue the G ee ei; t th a th r s ms t hav rr r as t th E l sh s m h a t al k , r r pr c at m st hav cha s c h s t m .

P. 10. Th a th r sp aks f th l tt r _y_ as s y th S th f r th s w sym l z y _ _ w th a f al _ _ f ll w th s cc c s a t, as _w ll_ w th a _ _, a _w l _ w th a _y_ plac f th _ _ a f al _ _; th s th sam way h sp lls wr t , _wryt_.

P. 11 (7). H

v

s f

,

,

l

, as

ampl

s

f th

sam

s

, th s f rr that th E l sh pr c th tw latt r s as t rhym w th f .

P. 11 (8). H j cts t th s f _w_ f r _ _ th phth al s f _ _, a th r f r sp lls _h w_, _ w_, tc., _h _, _ _.

P. 11 (10). It s ff c lt h r t s what th pr c at f _ _ w l , wh ch th a th r v s as th s f w (t w). Pr a ly th s h m a t w l tt r r pr s t y _ _.

P. 13 (12). Th a th r h r r c mm s th st ct th f s a sym l f _j_ a _v_ as c s a ts, a _ _ a _ _ as v w ls,

a pr p s s that w sh l call _j_ _j _ r _j _, a _v_ _va _ r _v _, a t s l _ _, as w th y (p. 16), a _w_ h w l call _wa _ r _w _, a m r v r h plac s th m h s alpha t th sam pa . If th s pr p sal was r ally h s w , t s c r s that th am _v _ sh l hav a pt , th h t th _w _ f r _w_. B J s p ts t th l p w r f _ _ a _v_ as th c s a t a v w l, t h s t att mpt t mak th m t s parat l tt rs as H m s.

P. 15 (12). H v s as a a maly f th S th that wh l th _ _ s


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s rt f r _ _ h , r , tc., t s m tt a , s a , tc. H s t s that th sh rt v w l r q r s a l c s a t t pr v t t fr m pr c l .

P. 21 (6). H sp t s th p ss l ty f a f al _ _, s parat fr m a pr c v w l y a c s a t, hav a y ff ct what v r alt r th s f th pr c v w l, a r c mm s th s f a phth t pr ss th s r q r ; as, h p f r h p , f r f r f r , f r , f r f r f r , ma f r ma , tc. H f rmly thr h t f ll ws th s r l .

P. 22 (5). H m h r acc ts ff c lt th a t p lt mat st a f th f rst sylla l .

P. 23 (7). H p ts w tra as a sta c f tw st ct w r s j y a hyph , wh ch s th r vat v y Ash h s ct ary, stra l v s ss f th Fr ch w r _ tra _.

P. 27 (1, 6). _T_ s m tt aft r _s_ th s c p rs s lar f th v r , a s st ct s ma tw th s c a th th r p rs s; th s, th wryt s, a at p. 32 th was, a th h s.

P. 29 (7). Th s pp s t that th ap str ph 's as a mark f th p ss ss v cas s a s m t f h s, a q st wh ch has lat ly

r

v

v

,

s h

r

. P. 34. I th s last chapt r P ct at , wh ch th a th r styl s f D st ct s, m t what v r s ma f th s m c l , th h t cc rs fr q tly th MS., as, f r sta c , p. 30, cap. 6. Th s st p, acc r t H r rt, was f rst s y R char Graft _Th By l _ pr t 1537: t cc rs th D cat . H ry D ham, a E l sh pr t r wh fl r sh t war s th cl s f th s t th c t ry, was th f rst t s t w th pr pr ty.

P. 34 (6). Th pla at f th m f pr c th c mma w th a sh rt _s _ s .[5]

[F

t

t

5: It w

ll

h

r

as w

ll t

m

t

that as th

p ct at th MS. s tr m ly syst mat c, t has sp s w th wh v r th m a was c f s y t.]

Th a th r c t ally s s a s lar v r t a pl ral ; f r sta c , f th s w , as th lat s, h s alm st s (p. 22),

th h p. 20 h wr t s, r t w hav s m part cl s.

W th r ar t th Ma scr pt, th r ar tw c rr ct s t w rth t . At p. 10 (6), th phras , th a ct rs _wh l _ r ft, th

w r ha r ally wr tt _ha l_, t s mark thr h, a _wh l _ s st t t f r t th sam ha wr t . At p. 21 (4), th

w r _fr sh_ has s rt f r _ mpl s_, t has

aft rwar s str ck thr h.

Th m r s wr thr plac s, t t has t c rr ct .At p. 8 th r ar s ct s 12 a 13, at pp. 17, 19, th r ar tw cap. 7, a at p. 19 th r ar tw s ct s 4.

GLOSSARIAL INDEX.


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[Th w r s th pr s t Tract that r ally r q r t l ss ar

t f w; I hav , h w v r, s rt th f ll w l st m st f th var at s fr m r ary m r sa , r r that t may s rv as a I .]

Af = f, p. 9. Af = ff, p. 12.Al = l , pp. 3, 21, 28.Ama s = am st, p. 18.A = a, .A l = a l, p. 33.A ct r t = a th r ty, pp. 22, 29.A = w , pp. 2, 3, 7, 8, 11, 15.Aw = w , pp. 11, 18, 20, 30, 31.Aw = pr p r, pp. 9, 11, 13, 15.Aw = pr p r, p. 14.Aw = w , p. 10.

Ba th = th, pp. 8, 34.Bath = th, p. 17.B = y.Br ta = Br t sh.

Cal = c l , pp. 30, 33; cal st, p. 30.Cal s = calls, pp. 10, 22.Ch rt = a sq rt, r a sq z thr h th t th, pp. 13, 14. S R ma 's Gl ssary t G. D las (_ch rta _).C l = c l , p. 20.C pl s = c pl s, p. 33.C ra = c ra , p. 20.Cr s = r sk, p. 28.C m = c m , pp. 11, 31; c m s = c m s, p. 29.

D

v

r

=

v

r, p. 20.D v t = v t, p. 20.D st ct s = p ct at , p. 34.D = , p. 21.D t = v , p. 3.

Eara = rra , p. 8.Ev = v , p. 29.

Fa r = fa r, p. 28.Falt = fa lt, pp. 15, 20.Fa = f , p. 1.F l = f l, p. 32.

F ll s = l w rs, p. 22.F s = f ss, p. 2.F ta = f ta , p. 11.F ra = f r , p. 20.Fr l = fr ly, p. 34.

G v = v , pp. 7, 8, 9, 12, 28, 29.G f = f, p. 21.Gl m = l mps , p. 2.G = , pp. 2, 18, 21, 28, 29.


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Ha l = ha l, p. 10.Hal = h l , p. 14; hal s, p. 29.Ham = h m , p. 2.Har = h ar , pp. 2, 3, 13, 14, 22, 32.Hart = h art, p. 33.H al = wh l , p. 10.H r = h ar, p. 33.H r = h ar, pp. 31, 32.H s = has, pp. 3, 14, 15, 19, 22, 32.H s = hast, p. 32.H s = hav , pp. 20, 22.H at = h t, pp. 18, 30, 33; h at r, p. 30.H r s = h rs, p. 31.

I a, Sc tla r E r h, p. 2.I c rr , _v._ = t r t . Lat. _ c rr _, pp. 20, 33.

K = k w, p. 21.K p, _v._ = t t rc pt, p. 14.K pp = r c v th act f fall , p. 12. _Jam s ._ K a = k w, p. 2.

K

a

l

= k

wl

, pp. 3, 10; k awl , pp. 11, 21.K aw = k w, pp. 7, 30; k aw , p. 21; k aw = k w , p. 29.

La ar = l t r r r st , p. 2.La = l , pp. 9, 14.L av = l v , p. 32.L v = l v , pp. 32, 34.L v = l v , p. 11.L s = l s , p. 9.Lykway s = l k w s , p. 19.

Ma r = m r , pp. 2, 10.Ma st = m st, pp. 1, 2, 16.Ma = m st, p. 8.Mar = m r , p. 30.Mast = m st, pp. 30, 32.M r = mar , p. 28.M s = m l , p. 16.M kl = m ch, pp. 13, 18, 19, 20.M t = a m, pr ss r , p. 18.M t = att mpt , p. 15.M at, pr a ly _m t_, sc ss , chat, tc., p. 2. A.S. _mt_.M = m r , pp. 16, 19, 21, 27.

M = m a s f r atta a , p. 2. _Jam s ._ Fr. _m y _.M t = m t, p. 24.M ta = m ta , pp. 3, 11, 28.My t = a m, pp. 12, 17.

Na = , pp. 1, 8.Na = , p. 13.N at, _v._ = t , pp. 19, 22, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33.N at = t , pp. 7, 13, 28, 29; at , p. 28;


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at s = t s, p. 29.N r = tha , p. 3.N r, G r, p. 31. Th s m st pr a ly m a s G c mf rt r r sh s, c ct w th _ r c _, a rs , a _ r _, a f st r-ch l . Th r s als a s sta t v _ r _ Cha c r, m a c mf rt. _N r _ s t tr at, ask (s _All t rat v P ms_ Gl ssary), a may hav s m th t w th th s pr ss , t t s har ly s pr a l as th a v .N t = lack cattl , p. 27; c ct w th _ at_, as at-cattl , at-h r .N ll th = at v s, p. 33.N r c = rs , p. 19.

Of = ff, p. 23.O s, at s = at c , p. 18.

Pa = tr l , p. 2.Pa rt = part, p. 10.P pl = p pl , pp. 20, 29.Phas = ph asa t (?), p. 13.P v r = p r, p. 3.P ct = st p, p. 34.

Q

. At p. 18 th a th r v s h s r as s f r mak s f th tt ral _q _ th plac f th la al _w_. Th f ll w ar th w r s wh ch t s th s s :--Q ha = wh , pp. 2, 3, 34.Q ha = wh , pp. 1, 10; q ha 's = wh s , p. 2.Q ha r = wh r , p. 2.Q har = wh r , p. 29.Q har = wh r , p. 14.Q har f = wh r f, p. 16.Q hat = what, pp. 2, 8, 15, 17, 18, 28.Q hat v r = what v r, p. 19.

Q

h

= wh

, pp. 2, 9, 11, 23, 31.Q h c = wh c , pp. 29, 32.Q h r = wh r , pp. 2, 14, 20, 32.Q h ras =

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