2000+ quots. for the OED September 1995 Daniel J. Milton11760 Bayfield CourtReston VA 22094

(703) 742 4034a ( prep1 ) 1774 ( 1975 ) Abigail Adams Letter to John Adams Sept. 14, 1774 in The Book of Abigail and John p. 72 The report took here a fryday, and a Sunday a Soldier was seen lurking about the common.

OED2 Sense 8 obs. except certain archaic phrases, last example 1721a gig 1764 ( 1975 ) Abigail Adams Letter to John Adams Apr. 19, 1764 in The Book of Abigail and John p.37 Who could have believed that only a slight hint would have set thy imagination a gig in such a manner.

OED2 1797 only, but see slip Sanger 1782a-try 1585 ( 1981 ) Journal of the Leicester, Oct. 229-31, 1585, in Sir Francis Drake’s West Indian Voyage 1585-86 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 148) p. 125 The winde being contrary we were compelled to ly attry. OED2 1611abbatied 1776 ( 1972 ) Minutes, Council of War, Aug. 29, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 350

Though our lines were fortified with strong redoubts, yet a great part of them were weak, being abbatied with brush. OED2 lacks (abatised 1859 but see slip 1777)abbatised (abatised) 1777 ( 1780 ) Lieut. Gen. J.

Burgoyne A State of the expedition from Canada appendix p. xxvii The body of his camp deeply entrenched and abbatised.

OED2 1859 dict. ref., no cit.

abracadabra 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, July 10, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 151 M. Banester sayth that he healed 200 in one yer of an ague by hanging abracadabra abowt ther necks. OED2 1692abrupt v 1611 Henry Fitz Simon The Justification and Exposition of the Divine Sacrifice of the Masse (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 108 1972) p. 314 Christ prayed to him selfe, & eftsoons abrupted his prayer to admonish, and instruct his Apostles.

OED2 1643absent 1780 ( 1975 ) Abigail Adams Letter to John Adams, Oct. 8, 1780 in The Book of Abigail and John p.274 We talked as much as we pleased of our dear Absents. OED2 sense B (as noun) †1702.accentuation 1819 ( 1959 ) Thomas Jefferson

Letter to John Adams, Mar. 21,1819 in The Adams-

Jefferson Letters p. 538 Of the origin of accentuation I have never seen satisfactory proofs. But I have generally supposed the accents were intended to direct the inflexions and modulation of the voice; but not to affect the quantity of the syllables. (refers to Greek) OED2 1827; this appears to be sense 2 (notation of accent) 1846accidence n2 c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) title Accedence. OED2 1509accompanier 1791 ( 1972 ) Fanny Burney

Journal, May, 1791, in The Journal and Letters of Fanny Burney Vol. 1 p. 160I took some pains rather to avoid than attain an accompanyer. OED2

1755 In Johnson as a “Dictionary word” 1823 usageaccostment 1705 ( 1915 ) Thomas Mathews The Beginning, Progress and Conclusion of Bacon’s Rebellion in Virginia in Narratives of the Insurrections 1675-1690 p. 33 This Surprizing Accostment Shockt me into a Meloncholy Consternation. OED2 1652 onlyaccount 1704 ( 1934 ) Nathaniel Davis in A New Voyage and Description of the Isthmus of America(Lionel Wafer) Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXIII (reprint 1967) p. 110 He was out a Roving on the Account, as the Jamaica Men call it, but it is downright Pirating, they making their own Commissions on the Capstans. (I’ve seen the phrase on the Account for piracy elsewhere in this sense, perhaps in modern works) OED2 lacks this specific meaning (of sense 4a?)acker n2 1735 John Atkins A Voyage to Guinea, Brazil, & the West Indies in his Majesty’s Ships, the Swallow and Weymouth (facsimile reprint 1970) p. 100 These Market-Women have Scales and weigh every Toccu of Gold-Dust. .. Two or three pieces of salt Beef, willbe worth an Accy; our Crown an Accy and a a half. (Gold Coast, West Africa) ? Is this OED2 acker (also akka ) =Egyptian piastre 1937?See bar sense 3c 1737 for another quot. from same source.adduce 1607 ( 1955 ) Dobsons Drie Bobbes Ch.3 p. 26 He .. shall also adduce the same Testificants, that were witnesses against her in the Chancery. OED2 1616 (always of testimony rather than the testifier)admiral 1578 ( 1940 ) Shipping list in The Voyages and Colonising Enterprises of Sir Humphrey Gilbert (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXIII) ( reprint 1967) p. 210 An Ager. admirall of the Flete in Burden ccl Tunes. (An Ager=Ann Aucher ) OED2 sense 5 1588admiral 1589 Edward Hayes In Hakluyt’s Principall Navigations ( facsimile ed. 1965) p. 686 The English marchants (that were & alwaies be Admirals by turnes interchangeably over the fleetes of fishermen within the same harbor). OED2 sense 4 1708Adonic 1632 A. H. [Henry Hawkins]

Partheneia Sacra (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol.

81 1971) p. 146 She chants forth longer verses, as if they were Heroicks; another while, more short and sudden, much like vnto Sapicks; and sometimes againe, extreme short as Adonicks. OED2 a. 1678, n. 1753 advancive 1775 ( 1966 ) Alexander McDougall Letter, Oct 30, 1775 in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.2 p. 646 I think it would be advancive of the Public Service, were the Congress to pass a Resolution to enable us, to Send provission for amunition if we shall Judge it Necessary. OED2 1847, dict. ref. only, no quot. (but see slip Ford 1911)advancive 1911 Worthington Chauncey Ford

Preface toDiary of Cotton Mather Vol. I p. x An intention of preserving intact their church organization, in itself proof of an absence of the advancive principle that makes for progress. OED2 dict. ref. 1847 only, no quot. (but see slip McDougall 1775)adventure 1581 ( 1959 ) Arthur Atye in The Troublesome Voyage of Captain Edward Fenton (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXIII) p. 15 We promise and bynde ourselves eche to the other to make the [division of] gayne at retourn according to every mans adventure. (bracketed words are apparently editor’s restoration of mutilated ms.) OED2 sense 7 1625adventure 1775 ( 1966 ) Journal, Massachusetts House of Representatives, Oct. 3, 1775 in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.2 p. 279 Resolved .. that they also deliver the Mate and Foremast hands thereof, any small Property or Adventure that they may have on Board.

OED2 cf. sense7, but here more specifically actual goods.adventurer 1581 ( 1959 ) in The Troublesome Voyage of Captain Edward Fenton (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXIII) p. 10 The names of the Adventurers & how myche they adventureItem the Erle of Lecester 2200. 0. 0. OED2 sense 4 1609adventurer 1609 Robert Johnson Nova Britannia, Offring most Excellent fruites by Planting in Virginia p.D4r Wee call those Planters that goe in their persons to dwell there: And those Adventurers, that adventure their money and go not in person. OED2 sense 4 1609 (but see slip 1581)adverb c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. Bii How knowest an aduerbe? For he is a parte of reason undeclyned that stondyth next ye verbe to declare and fulfyll the sygnifycacyon of the verbe.

OED2 1530, but see quot. under preposition Wyclif 1388 adviso 1596 ( 1972 ) Sir Thomas Baskerville in The Last Voyage of Drake & Hawkins (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXLII) p. 115 The[y] had knowledg of our wholl Intent .. as aperithe by those Instructions I after toke from their advisos. OED2 sense 3 1624. See slip aviso 1595advocation 1781 ( 1967 ) Edmund Pendleton

Letters and Papers Let. to Joseph Jones Feb. 10, 1781(Va. Hist. Soc.) Vol. I p.328 I should rather suppose him engaged in this Advocation by some private Individuals. OED 2 sense 4 † 1767

advocatrice 1618 William Cape The Chronicle and Institution of the Order of .. S. Francis(transl. of original of Marcos Da Silva) (facsimile ed. as English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 357 1977) p. 100 Next after God, he reposed all his hope in this glorious virgin, and .. made choice of her for his protectrice and aduocatrice vnto her Sonne. OED2 †1531advocatrix 1618 William Cape The Chronicle and Institution of the Order of .. S. Francis(transl. of original of Marcos Da Silva) (facsimile ed. as English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 357 1977) p. 213 I also beseech thee, O glorious holy Virgin mother, and our Aduocatrix, that it would please thee to make intercession to thy most gracious sonne for me and for all Christian sinners. OED2 1631agger 1658 ( 1964 ) Sir Thomas Browne Letter, Nov. 10, 1658, in The Works of Sir Thomas Browne Vol. IV p. 308 The laborious aggers, bancks & workes of securement agaynst floods & inundations; therein they [the Britons] were employed by the Romans. OED2 no quot. 1398< >1724agradable 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 1 It maye be agradable to the readers and also profytable to suche as intende to have knoledge of the navigation to dyscover straunge contries. (The corresponding word is in the Spanish text Barlow adapted, so this may not have been real English) OED2 lacksair-hole 1687 ( 1940 ) Charles Morton

Compendium Physicae in Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XXXIII p. 118 (from 1697 transcription of 1687 ms., probably first compiled c1680) Great Expenses and labour be placed to the Account of Security, by Sinking many Shafts and Airholes, and framing in much timber to support the Earth.

OED2 1766alcatrash, bunt, cobkey 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard

Madox Diary, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) **Anon. ms. quots. in OED2 that can be referred here:alcatrash a1700 — Aug. 1 (p. 158)bunt n1 c1582 — June 17 (p. 145)cobkey 1582 — May 20 (p. 135)aldea 1610 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain Journal, Oct. 17, 1610, in The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 141 Wee parted thence, and came att [an] aldea or village called Mutta, aboute seven coses from Cossaria. OED2 1698 Hobson-Jobson (1985 ed.) 1609alert ( n ) 1778 ( 1940 ) Ambrose Serle American Journal May 28, 1778 p. 299 Sr. Wm. Erskine .. presses the General to make an Alert upon Washington at any & every Risque. OED2 sense C1a 1803

alligator 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 175 In the river that passeth by the darien be many lagartus and some call them lizards, and some of them be as bigge in the bodie as a good calf. (Barlow translated a Spanish book and sometimes simply anglicised Spanish words) OED2 1568 almose 1618 William Cape The Chronicle and Institution of the Order of .. S. Francis(transl. of original of Marcos Da Silva) (facsimile ed. as English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 357 1977) p. 88 You pay your benefactours more liberally then any other, though it seeme not so, giuing them for your almose, the loue of God, when you say: Giue vs an almose for the loue of God. OED2 †1578alto c 1656 ( 1736 ) Maj. John Mason A Brief History of the Pequot War (facsimile reprint 1966) p. 5 Having Marched about twelve miles, we came to Pawcatuck River ..there making an Alta, we stayed some small time.

There we made another Alt (p. 6) OED2 † 1622 (alt 1623 and 1624, halt 1622)amability 1785 ( 1959 ) Thomas Jefferson Letter to Abigail Adams June 21, 1785 in The Adams-Jefferson Letters p.35 I would not give the polite, self-denying, feeling, hospitable, goodhumoured people of this country and their amability in every point of view, for ten such races ... as those among whom you are. OED2 last quot. 1659, 1775 dict. ref.amain(e 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 13When thei see ony suche cloudys incontinent thei must amayne ther sails. OED2 1593-1622amber-fish c 1625 ( 1882 ) Nathaniel Butler ? The Historye of the Bermudaes (Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXV) p. 7 Excellent fish ..the most of which being vnknowen to our more northerly parts, haue lately gotten them names, either from their shapes or conditions, as .. the delicate amber fish, from his tast and smell; angell fish; cony fish, the smale yellowe tayle, from that naturall painteinge; the great grouper, from his odde and strange gruntinge. OED2 1697amok 1606 ( 1943 ) Edmund Scott An Exact Discourse in The Voyage of Sir Henry Middleton to the Moluccas (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXVIII) p. 171 If any Javan have committed a fact worthy of death and that he be pursued by any, whereby he thinketh hee shall die, he will presently draw his weapon and cry Amucke, which is as much to say: I am resolved; not sparing to murther either man, woman, or childe which they can possibly come at.

OED2 1663

angel-fish c 1625 ( 1882 ) Nathaniel Butler? The Historye of the Bermudaes (Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXV) p. 7 Excellent fish ..the most of which being vnknowen to our more northerly parts, haue lately gotten them names, either from their shapes or conditions, as .. the delicate amber fish, from his tast and smell; angell fish; cony fish, the smale yellowe tayle, from that naturall painteinge; the great grouper, from his odde and strange gruntinge. OED2 1668angulary 1755 John Smith The Printer’s Grammar (facsimile ed. 1965) p. 137 We shall be enabled to make Flower-pieces of oval, circulary, and angulary turns. OED2 1474 onlyanhelous 1735 John Atkins A Voyage to Guinea, Brazil, & the West Indies in his Majesty’s Ships, the Swallow and Weymouth (facsimile reprint 1970) p. 142 The Sun heats and rarefies the Air exceedingly, in all Latitudes within the Zodiack, (evident from the anhelous Condition it subjects most Animals to in Calms). OED2 †1684anker 1773 ( 1963 ) John Harrower The Journal of John Harrower Dec. 8. 1773 Giving Mr. Ochonachie 1/2 Anker of butter which cost me 10/6 Str. for my passage. In Shetland. Editor notes “ a dry measure, as an anker of potatoes, one-third of a barrel. ..Edmonston .. Glossary .. Shetland Orkney Dialect 1866” OED2 lacks this sense, unless = sense 3 †1597annata 1613 ( 1928 ) Robert Harcourt A Relation of a Voyage to Guiana (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LX) p. 100 There is a red Berry called Annoto, which being rightly prepared by the Indians, dyeth a perfect and sure Orange tawny in silke. OED2 1682 (but see quot. speckle-wood 1619)antes ( n ) 1810 ( 1951 ) John E. Caldwell A Tour through Part of Virginia p. 38 Through the antes of the house, from N. to S. on the cellar floor, is a passage of 300 feet long, leading to two wings or ranges of building of one story, that stand equi-distant from each end of the house. (Jefferson’s Monticello) ? Not the antes of OED2apart v 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 83Some hath opynion that ciapago and the ilond doro that is by Java wch be aparted from the mayne lande 1500 leges toward gaticora shuld be thei.

OED2 1563 apart v 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 141 He .. aparteth from the aultar, goyng backward litle and litle and never aparteth his eyes from the aultar.

OED2 1563 sense 2 1574apart v 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 145 The sacerdotes entres into the batttel and aparteth the one from the other.

OED2 1563

apete (appete) 1694 ( 1866 ) “A gentleman” “ one Stuart” Letter in Robert Calef (1700) More Wonders of the Invisible World (1866 ed. reprinted 1970) p.179 No man can apete Evil as Evil. OED2 †1685apostrophize 1632 A. H. [Henry Hawkins]

Partheneia Sacra (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 81 1971) p. 4 And after al, shalt thou inuite him to Apostrophize with the Paragon PARTHENES herself. OED2 1725appearer 1776 ( 1972 ) John Bynoe Protest, Aug. 24, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 296 And Persevering in the said Protest the said Appearer hath hereunto set his hand the day and Year first within written. (Before the Governor of Bermuda) OED2 sense 2 1863appendix 1607 ( 1955 ) Dobsons Drie Bobbes Ch. 3 p. 20 They concluded .. they would fasten to the appendix ouer the Haberdashers doore, a paire of bulls hornes, with a pageant betwixt them, wherein they caused to be painted a man in his shoppe selling hattes, and a Butcher in a parlour with his wife. Apparently some more specific sense than in OED2applaudity 1608 ( 1969 ) John Healey A true relation .. (John Smith) in Jamestown Voyages under the First Charter (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. cxxxvi) p.166, 167 An vnskillful actor .. craues pardon for his rashnes, and in fine, receiues a generall applauditie of the whole assemblie.

If worthy an applauditie, to reserve it to the Author. Introduction by I. H., identified by Hakluyt Soc. editor OED2 1623apple-john 1580 ( 1582 ) Instructions to explorers of the Muscovy Co., in Divers Voyages Touching the Discouerie of America (facsimile ed. 1966) p. I2 verso For banketing on Shipborde, persons of credite..The Apple John that dureth two yeeres to make showe of our fruites. OED2 1597apply 1699 ( 1981 ) Edmond Halley Journal, Dec. 4, 1698, in The Three Voyages of Edmond Halley in the Paramore (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. vol. 156) p. 145 This Morning the Moon Aplyed to a Starr in Virgo. OED2 cf. sense 2a appositive a 1571 ( 1963 ) William Bourne An Almanacke and Prognostication for three yeares .. in A Regiment for the Sea (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXXI) p. 70 The full moone is, when that the Sunne and moone be appositiue. OED2 1693appraisement 1590 ( 1959 ) in English Privateering Voyages to the West Indies 1588-1595 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXI) p. 56 The appraisemente and valewacion of the good shippe called the Blacke Dogge with here tacle and furniture and suche goodes as is in her. OED2 1642

apprizement 1783 ( 1975 ) Abigail Adams Letter to John Adams, Nov. 11, 1783 in The Book of Abigail and John p. 370 It [part of a farm] will sell for more than the apprizement. OED2 1605 onlyapproachability 1842 ( 1953 ) Abraham Lincoln

Temperance address, Feb. 22, 1842, in Collected works of Abraham Lincoln Vol. I p. 272Between these [preachers, lawyers, and hired agents] and the mass of mankind, there is a want of approachability, if the term be admissible. OED2 1851 onlyappropinquation 1553 ( 1988 ) William Baldwin

Beware the Cat 2nd part p. 31 I .. put off my left shoe, because of Jupiter’s appropinquation; and laid the fox tail under my foot. (First published 1570. Normalized spelling) OED2 1628appui n 1688 ( 1974 ) George Etherege Letter Feb. 23, 1688, in Letters of Sir George Etherege p. 181 In this alliance you seem to have had an equall regard to your Love and your ambition. The daughter is the most beautifull object that you can sigh for, and the father is the best appuy this can desire. OED2 sense 1 †1601appui v 1688 ( 1974 ) George Etherege Letter Nov. 18, 1688, in Letters of Sir George Etherege p. 253 That impertinent noisie Fool .. had the insolence to preach Burnets false Doctrine that the Prince of Wales is suppos’d, appuying it with his Texts out of his late Memorial forg’d under the name of the Protestants of England. OED2 dict. 1656, usage 1813aprication 1881 ( 1887 ) Oliver W. Holmes Talk concerning the human body and its management inPages from an Old Volume of Life 7th ed. p. 209 Very few persons seem to have a due sense of the luxury and benefit of aprication, or immersion in the sunshine bath, which every fair day will furnish gratuitously to all applicants. CHECK ORIGINAL DATE 1857 < >1881 OED2 1623 only; apricate 1858arboret n2 1651 ( 1984 ) Thomas Vaughan

Lumen de Lumine in The Works of Thomas Vaughan p. 306 We came out of our Arboret and Court of Bayes. OED2 †1612Arches 1612 ( 1953 ) William Strachey The Historie of Travell into Virginia Britania(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd Ser., No. CIII) p. 70 Muskeetoes (kyndes of Flyes, or byting Gnatts, such as the Greeks called Scynipes, as yet in great swarmes within the Arches).

OED2 1626armament 1775 ( 1964 ) Frederick Derry Letter, June 25, 1775 in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol. 1 p. 495 All the letters agree in the account of an Universal armament. OED2 sense 4 1813armistice 1687 ( 1974 ) George Etherege Letter Feb. 12, 1687, in Letters of Sir George Etherege p. 87 The French urge the Treating of a peace is part of the Execution of the Armistice.

OED2 dict. 1707; usage a1733

arning, harning 1767 ( 1914 ) Abraham PereiraMendes Letter, Nov. 1, 1767, in Commerce of Rhode Island 1726-1800

Vol. 1, p. 207 One of his Men .. fell from the topmast head struck on the Harning and fell overboard.

This will inform you of my safe arrival .. without any accident except the los of Six Sheep; they being over crouded in the Arnings.(Henry Davenant letter, Nov. 6, 1773, p. 460) . ? OED2 lacks, unless = awningarrivage 1674 ( 1988 ) John Josselyn Two Voyages to New England p. 195(1988 ed. as John Josselyn, Colonial Traveler p. 134) In September following my Arrivage in the Massachusets about the twelfth hour of the eight day. OED2 †1627arsheen 1566 ( 1891 ) Arthur Edwards Letter, Apr. 26, 1566, in Hakluyt’s Principall Navigations (1589 ed.) inEarly Voyages and Travels to Russia and Persia (Hakluyt Soc. Ser. 1, No. LXXXIII p. 391 Your London reds are not to be sent hither, for they will not giue aboue 18. shaughes their arshine. OED2 1734Articles of war 1670- 1671 ( 1683 ) Sir James TurnerPallas Armata (facsimile ed. 1968) Bk. III Ch. ix p. 203 These reasons have given a just rise to Military Laws, which ordinarily are called Articles of War. OED2 1716artillerist 1776 ( 1968 ) Maj. Gen. William Heath

Memoirs, July 12, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.5 p. 1041 Several American artillerists were killed and wounded, by the bursting of some of our own cannon. OED2 1778 (this is sense 2 1781)asinego 1599 ( 1893 ) Thomas Dallam

Journal inEarly Voyages and Travels in the Levant (Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXXXVI) p. 14 They have also great store of Camels, assis, asnegoes, oxon, horsis, and some dromedaries. OED2 1606, sense 1 (lit.) 1634asperous 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 102 In this ilond thei gather moche blode of dracons, it is a tree called draco, it groweth upon the serres very asperous and hie.

Barlow translated a Spanish book and sometimes simply anglicised Spanish words (such as serres ). Possibly asperous also. OED2 1547aspirate 1699 ( 1934 ) Lionel Wafer A New Voyage and Description of the Isthmus of AmericaHakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXIII (reprint 1967) p. 110 Both [Gaelic and Darien Indian] being spoken pretty much in the Throat, with frequent Aspirates. OED2 1725assinuasion 1609 Robert Johnson Nova Britannia, Offring most Excellent fruites by Planting in Virginia p.C1r How we can warrant a supplantation of those Indians, or assinuasion into their right and possessions. OED2 lacks, but cf. assinuate “corrupt form of insinuate 1742”

assurance 1618 William Cape The Chronicle and Institution of the Order of .. S. Francis(transl. of original of Marcos Da Silva) (facsimile ed. as English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 357 1977) p. 415 The fift degree [of perfection] is called asseurance because .. it expelleth all feare out of the soule. OED2 sense 8b 1651 (Protestant)asterise 1821 ( 1959 ) John Adams Letter to Thomas Jefferson , Aug. 20, 1821 in The Adams-Jefferson Letters p. 574 Floyd is gone! You and Jay and Carrol are all who remain. We shall all be asterised very soon. OED2 lacksathumy (athymy) 1822 ( 1959 ) Thomas Jefferson

Letter to John Adams, June1,1822 in The Adams-Jefferson Letters p. 577 When all our faculties have left, or are leaving us, one by one, sight, hearing, memory, every avenue of pleasing sensation is closed, and athumy, debility and mal-aise left in their places. OED2 athymy 1853 dict., no quot.attackable 1779 ( 1780 ) Lieut. Gen. J. Burgoyne

A State of the expedition from Canada p. 58 Did it appear to you that wing of the enemy was attackable?

OED2 1813auditorship 1583 M. M. S. The Spanish Colonie (transl. of de las Casas) (facsimile reprint 1966) p. F1 recto This man .. was promoted to bee president of Mexico, and of all the provinces of new Spaine, and there were promoted with him other tyrauntes, to the offices of Auditorshippes.

OED2 1779

auge 1574 ( 1963 ) William Bourne A Regiment for the Sea (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXXI) p. 168 Auge is a point in the heauens, when the Sunn or Moone is excentrick, going neerer vnto the heauens, and further from the earth than hir common order is. OED2 1594auspicate 1751 ( 1974 ) Francis Coventry

Pompey the Little (from 3rd ed.) Bk. II Ch xi p. 167 I auspicate great things from his present of a dog. OED2 cf. sense 2 (intr.) 1848avania a 1605 ( 1931 ) John Sanderson

Autobiography in The Travels of John Sanderson (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXVII) p. 19 With 12 dts. of gould I stopt his mouth and salved the avania. OED2 1687average (v ) 1776 ( 1968 ) Virginia Comm. ofSafety

Minutes, July 1, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.5 p. 862 Colo. Fielding is directed to average the wages of the officers and seamen belonging to the vessels that sailed from Rappa. on the public acc’t, as well as on the acc’t of the private adventurers. (apparently means to apportion between public and private accounts, or simply to pay) OED2 lacks a sense based on a literal sense of average (n ) (cf. 4a)

aviso 1595 ( 1972 ) William Stallenge Letter, 27 Nov. 1595, in The Last Voyage of Drake & Hawkins (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXLII) p. 147 The spanyardes dispatched three Carvells of aviso to the Indies.

OED2 1634awning 1579 ( 1914 ) Capt. John Winter inNew Light on Drake (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXIV) (reprint 1967) p. 389 I did alsoe bestowe [boults of canvas] for makinge an Awning for the defendinge of our people from the sonne. OED2 1624 but see slip Walker 1582awning 1582 ( 1959 ) John Walker Diary in The Troublesome Voyage of Captain Edward Fenton (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXIII) p. 204 The table being covered under a Awninge upon the sommer decke.

OED2 1624, but see slip Winter 1579Azymite 1611 Henry Fitz Simon The Justification and Exposition of the Divine Sacrifice of the Masse (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 108 1972) p. 97 The Graecians .. do not only persist in their vse of leauen bread .. but also tearme vs heretical Azimites, for doing the contrarie.

OED2 1727-51 dict., 1850 usagebadge 1704 ( 1927 ) Capt. JosephTolson Letter, Oct. 27, 1704, in The Papers of Thomas Bowrey Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LVIII (reprint 1967) p. 210Shee apeared to be French belt [built] to me, haveing no galeryes, only a badg. OED2 sense 3 1769baggagical 1553 ( 1988 ) William Baldwin

Beware the Cat 1st part If he can prate a little Latin and handle a racquet and a pair of six-square bowls, he shall sooner obtain a living than the best learned in a whole city, which is the cause that learning is so despised and baggagical things so much advanced. (p. 10)The Pope, by exactions and other baggagical trumpery, have spoiled all people of mighty spoils. (p. 15) (First published 1570. Normalized spelling) OED2 lacks; cf. baggage sense 4baggatier 1677 ( 1915 ) John Berry & Francis Morrison A True Narrative of the Rise, Progresse, and Cessation of the Late Rebellion in Virginia in Narratives of the Insurrections 1675-1690 p. 129 Upon a muster made a little after the last skirmish with the Indians (with Baggatiers and all) were but 136 tyr’d men. Editor footnotes “ ‘Baggage-carriers’ apparently.” OED2 lacksbahar 1603 ( 1940 ) A True and Large Discourse .. inThe Voyages of Sir James Lancaster to Brazil and the East Indies 1591-1603 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXV) p. 132 The price [of pepper] was 64 rialles of eight the bahar, which is of our waight, reckoning two hundred catties to a bahar and every catty thirty-one ounces, is three hundred, eighty-seven pound and a halfe. OED2 1753 ency. only. Earlier in Hobson-Jobsonbail 1592 ( 1975 ) Thomas Cavendish The Last Voyage of Thomas Cavendish 1591-1592 p. 58(ms. p. 2v line 15) My Companye being growen weke and feble with Continuall watcheing pumpeing and baylinge. OED2 bail 1613 bailing vbln. 1682

bailo 1581 ( 1977 ) William Harborne Letter, June 9, 1581, in S. A. SkilliterWilliam Harborne and the Trade with Turkey 1578-1582 p. 156 Seguri from zante sent one of pourpose to the venitien bailo, certefieng he had Loste in the same shipps twelve thousand duckettes. OED2 1682balata 1613 ( 1928 ) Robert Harcourt A Relation of a Voyage to Guiana (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LX) p. 102The Barratta is a most soueraigne Balsamum farre excelling all others yet knowen. OED2 1858balestela a 1571 ( 1963 ) William Bourne An Almanacke and Prognostication for three yeares .. in A Regiment for the Sea (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXXI) p. 88 For the taking of the altitude of the north starre, the sea men vse an instument called a balestela or a Bazoles Jacobe being a plaine crosestaffe set out with degrees. For the vse and the making of the balastela, you shall repare to the book of Martyn Curtes. (p. 89) Eden’s transl of Curtes’ Arte of Navigation (1561) not available to me OED2 lacks, but see slip Madox 1582balestela 1582 ( 1959 ) Richard Madox Diary, Aug. 20, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 171 A boy seeing his father taking a star with his balla stella cryed, good father, catch one for me. OED2 lacks, but see slip Bourne 1571ballahoo 1783 ( 1969 ) William Williams Mr. Penrose The Journal of Penrose, Seaman p. 283 Our fisherman brought in two fish of a kind I have not yet discribed. One of them is called by some seamen ye Ballahoo if I am not mistaken. It is a fish long, round, and slim shaped much like to the Garr fish, but differs much in all but the body, the upper fly of the tail being short, and the under 4 times the length .. the under jaw .. projects to ten times the length of the upper. Mr. Penrose is a novel, based on experiences in Jamaica and Caribbean coast of Central America, with accurate natural history observations. OED2 1867 for a vessel; not a fish. There appears some vague similarity in the form of the fish and the vessel.ballon (balloon) 1783 ( 1975 ) John Adams Letter to Abigail Adams, Sept. 7, 1783 in The Book of Abigail and John p. 363 If the Ballon should be carried to such Perfection in the mean time as to give Mankind the safe Navigation of the Air, I will fly in one of them at the Rate of thirty Knots an hour.

(First unmanned flights had been in June and August) OED2 1783 (in usual spelling)ballot n2 1677 ( 1988 ) Samuel Jeake Apr. 29, 1677 in An Astrological Diary of the Seventeenth Century Samuel Jeake of Rye 1652-1699 p. 135 News per post that 5 ballots Lockrams value about 1200L french .. were safe as far as the Downes. OED2 1865balsa 1622 ( 1848 ) The Observations of Sir Richard Hawkins Knight, in his Voyage into the South Sea in The Hawkins’ Voyages (2nd ed. date? Hakluyt Soc. Ser. 1, No. LVII, reprint date?) §xliii p. 236He lay in ambush .. with balsas, (which is a certaine raffe made of mastes or trees fastened together). OED2 1777

band ( n3) 1836 Capt. George Back Narrative of the Arctic Land Expedition p. 130 A “band*” of deer was swimming across. *Any number above six. OED2 sense 3b. Lacks precise definition. bandanna 1780 ( 1915 ) Daniel Crommelin and Sons

Letter, Aug. 22, 1780, in Commerce of Rhode Island 1726-1800 Vol. 2, p. 103No China Articles were permitted to be imported at Marstrand [Sweden]. So that

we found ourselves obliged to leave out the 4 Boxes China and the 12 ps. Bandanna Handkerchiefs. OED2, Hobson-Jobson 1752, first European quot. 1854bande 1580 John Florio A Shorte and briefe Narration of the Two Nauigations and Discoueries to the Northwest Partes called Newe Fraunce(transl. of J. Cartier) (facsimile ed. 1966) p. 31 [We came to finde a Cape of maine land on the Northside of the Baye] .. It was tolde us that this was of the Bande towarde the South. ? OED2 lacks. Seems to mean “shore.” Cf. Ital. banda.bandy 1612 ( 1953 ) William Strachey The Historie of Travell into Virginia BritaniaHakluyt Soc. (2nd Ser. No. CIII) p.84 A kynd of Excercise they haue often amongest them much like that which boyes call Bandy in English. (Authorities state the Indian game was like shinny) OED2 sense 4 1693banian-day 1742 ( 1994 ) Capt. Christopher Middleton

Journal, May 13, 1742, in Voyages to Hudson Bay in Search of a Northwest Passage 1741-1747 Vol. I(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. Vol. 177) p. 166 The allowance is three geese for every four Men, Banjon as well as Meat Days. OED2 1748bank 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 156 This river of solys is daungerous for grete shippes for in it be many bankes and shouldes that hath not passing ij or iij fadome of water.

OED2 sense 5 1605, but see slip Hakluyt 1589bank 1580 John Florio A Shorte and briefe Narration of the Two Nauigations and Discoueries to the Northwest Partes called Newe Fraunce(transl. of J. Cartier) (facsimile ed. 1966) p. 2 We came to the Iland of Birdes, which was environed about with a banke of ice. OED2 sense 6 a1626bank 1589 Richard Hakluyt Principall Navigations (facs. ed. 1965) p. 699 About the Banke (for so they call the place where they find ground fourty leagues distant from the shore, and where they beginne to fish) there is no day without rayne. Trans. of Parmenius’ letter of 1583. CHECK if Latin in Hakluyt? OED2 sense 5 1605, but see slips 1541 and 1580banker n3 1656 ( 1936 ) Peter Mundy Journal, Aug 5, 1656, inThe Travels of Peter Mundy , in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXVIII) (reprint 1967) Vol.V p. 88 Wee had sightt of nine saile, being French of Havre de Grace, or Newhaven Banckers, laden with fish. OED2 sense 1 1666

banking 1777 ( 1986 ) Deposition of Capt. Thomas Hardy, June 11, 1777, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol. 9 p. 87 You say you was Master of a Banking Brig called the Patty, at an Anchor on the Banks of Newfoundland. OED2 Vbl. n. sense 4 1842; lacks use as ppl. a.bar room 1777 ( 1976 ) Lieut. John Trevett

Journal , inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7 p. 960 One of the worst of the villains .. was not soon enough for I stepped up to the door and put my finger oon the catch and he supposed it was fast went immediately through the bar room into the kitchen. Date of journal not cited, but usage reflects 1777 date of event.

OED2 1797barbate 1674 ( 1988 ) John Josselyn Two Voyages to New England p. 53(1988 ed. as John Josselyn, Colonial Traveler p. 39)Comets are distinguished in respect of their figure, according to the divers aspects of the Sun, into Barbate, Caudate, and Crinite. OED2 1853barbette 1759 ( 1973 ) Ashley Bowen

Journal, Sep. 18, 1759, in The Journals of Ashley Bowen (1728-1813) of Marblehead (Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XLIV) p. 97

The enemy hoisted two flags of truce, one on the barbet battery and the other on the Citadel. Normalized spelling (the editor leaving barbet for barbette ?)Quebec OED2 1772barbican 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, Apr. 29, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 119 Ther was our general .. with others who dyned after under a yawn on the barbican deck. OED2 lacks any shipboard sensebard c 1603 ( 1972 ) Thomas Rogers Leicester’s Ghost stanza 216, line 1511 p. 61 Let Bards sit plodding on their learning layes,Whilest ye sitt plottinge deeds to win high prayse. EDITOR SUPPLIES AUTHORSHIP AND DATE. OED2 has 9 quots. from this poem attributed to Parsons a1610 OED2 sense 4 1667bare-footed 1748 ( 1935 ) anon. The Journal of a Captive 1745-1748 in Colonial Captivities, Marches and Journeys p. 26 At Night Sup’d on bare footted Fish that is with neither butter, oyl, vinigar, nor Salt. OED2 sense c 1847baritone 1641 ( 1925 ) Peter Mundy The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XXXIII (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LV) Vol. 4 p. 104

Hee had one Named a Barretone, itt beeing a base violl with an addition of Many wire strings, which run From end to end under the Finger board, through the F belly of the Instrument, which are to bee strucke with the thumbe of the stopping hand.

OED2 sense 3a 1685barrico 1582 ( 1959 ) Richard Madox Diary, July 4, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582

(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 149 We saved the water in baricoes.OED2 1607

bashaw 1620 ( 1882 ) Nathaniel Butler Governor’s address, in The Historye of the Bermudaes (c1625) (Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXV) p. 185 Whensoeuer and wheresoeuer I shall herafter find such bashawe and vnmerchandable stuffe [tobacco], I will rather make bon-fires of at your dores, than suffer it to be exported.

OED2 lacks this sense bastile 1775 ( 1939 ) Janet Schaw The Journal of a Lady of Quality (3rd ed.) p. 219 I was vastly pleased to behold the noble buildings as we sailed along the coast [of the Bay of St Ubes, Portugal], till I was informed by the pilot, that they were, in general, bastiles — oh sound of horror and fear to a British ear. OED2 ? sense 4 1790bat n3 1758 ( 1951 ) George Washington Letter, July 3, 1758, in The Papers of Henry BouquetVol. 2 p. 159Leaving my Regimentals at this place .. — the Reduction of Bat-Horses alone is sufficient to recommend it, for nothing is more certain than that less Baggage will be requird. OED2 1793 for bat equinesbatman 1566 ( 1891 ) Arthur Edwards Letter, Apr. 26, 1566, in Hakluyt’s Principall Navigations (1589 ed.) inEarly Voyages and Travels to Russia and Persia (Hakluyt Soc. Ser. 1, No. LXXXIII p. 388 Here is at this time bought for England 11. packes of raw e silke, 25. and 26 batmans being in euery packe. The batman being 7. li., which may be 6. li. and a halfe of English waight. OED2 1599bauble 1592 ( 1975 ) Thomas Cavendish The Last Voyage of Thomas Cavendish 1591-1592 p. 94(ms. p. 19 line 8) Some of the hare braine sailers begane to sweare .. that hee was a Cowarde .. that durste not lande vppon a bable diche as they tearmed hit. OED2 sense 6 1606bawman (bowman, batman) 1775 ( 1967 ) Edmund

Pendleton Letters and Papers Let. to W. Christian Nov. 13,1775(Va. Hist. Soc.) Vol. I p.129 The committee do not approve of any Bawman, being taken out of the Ranks. Editor footnotes “Pendleton misspelled the word ‘bowman,’ meaning batman.” and cites DAE bowman 1859. But “baw” is phonetic equivalent of the French. OED 2 lacksbawse (= balsa) 1628 Francis Fletcher

The World Encompassed by Sir Francis Drake (facsimile reprint 1966) p. 55 Certain bawses made of Seales skins; of which two being ioyned together of a iust length, and side by side, resemble in fashion or forme a boate: they haue in either of them a small gutt, or some such thing blowne full of winde; by reason whereof it floateth. OED2 lacks bawse ; balsa 1777bay n5 1547 ( 1975 ) Account in Sidney Ironworks Accounts 1541-1573 (Camden 4th Ser. Vol. 15) p. 63 For Repacions aboute the bay .. iiii li v s v d. repacion =reparation OED2 sense 2 1581

bay ice 1819 Capt. John Ross A Voyage of Discovery for the purpose of Exploring Baffins Bay p. xxxv Bay Ice, newly-formed ice, having the colour of the water.

OED2 lacks as entry, but in 1853 quot. under young.Beach-la-Mar 1891 ( 1987 ) Robert LouisStevenson

In the South Seas ii p. 12 (Hogarth Press ed.) An efficient pidgin, what is called to the westward “Beach-la-Mar,” comes easily to the Polynesian. Periodical pub. 1891; book pub. 1896OED2 1911beach-la-mar (bêche-de-mer) 1817 Amasa

Delano A Narrative of Voyages and Travel in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres (facsimile ed. 1970) Ch. IV p. 100 The trader would receive .. a great abundance of the beach-le-mar, a kind of slug found every where on the shores of these islands, and which the Asiatic epicures consider as a great luxury. OED2 has only French form for the animal, and only secondary meaning of a jargon for the English form.beam v 1817 Amasa Delano A Narrative of Voyages and Travel in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres (facsimile ed. 1970) Ch. XVII p. 306 They take off all the fat, and some of the lean with the skin [of a seal], as the more weight there is to the skin the easier it will beam. OED2 sense 4 no quot. 1605< >1885bearded 1755 John Smith The Printer’s Grammar (facsimile ed. 1965) p. 11 The purchaser .. ought to take notice .. whether it be well Bearded. OED2 bearded sense 5b listed, no quot.; beard sense 11e 1823beat 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, July 10, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 151 We beat up and down and did no good.

OED2 sense 19a 1677, but see slip Jourdain 1608beat v 1608 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain Journal, Oct. 29, 1608, in The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 22 Not beinge able to double Cape Romania .. it was resolved not to lye beatinge too and againe, but lett rise our tackes and beare up betwixt Saint Lawrence and the mayne. OED2 sense 19a 1677, but see slip Madox 1582beathing 1676 ( 1953 ) John Locke Feb. 16, 1676, in Locke’s Travels in France p. 42 A wooden trident used in stables, the teeth set like our prongs by beathing. OED2 †1591becalm 1582 ( 1959 ) Edward Fenton Sea Journal in The Troublesome Voyage of Captain Edward Fenton (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXIII) p.112 Becalmed all those twentie foure howers. OED2 sense 2a (literal) 1595; sense 2b (figurative) 1559bedung 1615 ( 1934 ) in Peter Floris, his Voyage to the East Indies in the Globe 1611-1615 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXIV) (reprint 1967) p. 102 Pedra Branca being butt a rocke full of fowle and bedunged, which causeth the toppe to bee white, whereof it beareth the name. OED2 1639

begin 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, Feb. 22, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 89 The man .. began to his wyf but swapt al of. I pledge you sir, quoth she, and going to fil more. OED2 sense 5 (= pledge or toast) 1628beglerbeg c 1582 ( 1977 ) William Cecil, Lord Burghley Notes, in S. A. SkilliterWilliam Harborne and the Trade with Turkey 1578-1582 p. 178 Tripoli .. — ther is a bassa that is chaunged every third yere, sent from Constantinople, he is under ye beglierby of Aleppo. OED2 1594begum 1617 ( 1899 ) Thomas . Roe Letter, Dec. 18, 1617, in The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.I/2) (reprint 1967) p. 454 Wee had taken the ships and their Company that offered to robb the Beagams junck. OED2 1634 (this quot. in 1985 ed. of Hobson-Jobson)bejade 1671 ( 1992 ) Henry More Letter, May 29, 1671, in The Conway Letters p. 333 I have been hugely bejaded with my former and this sizour more than with any hackney, which is a vexation not [to] be understood by any but those that are putt to it. OED2 sense 1 †1641belay 1783 ( 1969 ) William Williams Mr. Penrose The Journal of Penrose, Seaman p. 256 “Havast, take a turn there, and Belay that, Messmate, if you please.”

Thus we finished or belay’d our argument for that time. OED2 sense 5c 1796bell tent 1758 ( 1972 ) Gen. John Forbes Letter, May 29, 1758, in The Papers of Henry BouquetVol. 1 p. 379All the Demands made from Col: Armstrong and Burds Regts. are to be forthwith sent up to Carlisle except the Bell tents that I shall order to be provided.

OED2 1785bell-buoy 1849 ( 1986 ) Herman Melville

Redburn ch. 27 Penguin ed. p.189 I soon learned from my ship-mates, that this was the famous Bell-Buoy, which is precisely what its name implies.

(Was a bell-buoy really as unfamiliar and remarkable in 1839 as the paragraph implies?) OED2 1884; 1838 “bell-boy (sic)” from the brief quote seems to really be “boy”belt 1644 ( 1944 ) George Cleeve Letter, Nov, 27, 1644, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 4 p. 434 Mr. Jurdin a ministar of Antichrist .. Belteth out his blasfemise against the Churches of Christ in this land. OED2 sense 4c 1953bender 1648 Bp. John Wilkins Mathematicall magick; or, the wonders that can be performed by mechanicall geometry ( in 1802 Works Vol. II p. 161)

These bows being somewhat like the long bows in use among us, were bent only by a man’s immediate strength, without the help of any bender or rack. (spelling may be modernized to 1802)

OED2 1684bengal 1781 ( 1975 ) Abigail Adams Letter to John Adams, Dec. 9, 1781 in The Book of Abigail and John p. 304 There are some articles which come from India I should suppose would be lower priced than many others -- bengalls, Nankeens, persian Silk and Bandano hankerchiefs. OED2 † last 1755 exc. hist.benipped 1775 ( 1964 ) Vice Adm. Samuel Graves

Dispatch to Philip Stevens Jan. 15, 1775 inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol. 1 p. 62 The Pilot ignorantly anchored her at high Water in a spot where she had not Room to live afloat, and where she was benipped four and twenty hours. OED2 lacks, but cf. nip sense 1d (nipped by ice)berg 1819 Capt. John Ross A Voyage of Discovery for the purpose of Exploring Baffins Bay p.40 This berg had remained aground in the same place since last year.

OED2 1823berogue 1772 ( 1914 ) Henry Cruger, Jr. Letter, Dec. 1, 1772, in Commerce of Rhode Island 1726-1800 Vol. 1, p. 422 They deceived me, abused you, and berogued many. . OED2 †a1733 Here apparently “to act the rogue” rather than “to call a rogue.”beswaddle 1603 ( 1929 ) * The Batchelars Banquet Ch. III p. 23 (orig. p. C1) I thinke I beswaddeld my maid in such sort, that she will have small list to do so againe. *Anon. Editor (F. P. Wilson) doubts attrib. to Dekker (as OED2), suggests Robert Tofte. OED2 sense 2 1598 dict. only, no usage quot.betel 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 144 She eteth of a certen mete called betola, wher wt she shalbe as insensible and feling no thing. OED2 1553bezonion 1590 ( 1972 ) Sir Roger Williams A Brief Discourse of Warre (p. B4v)in The Works of Sir Roger Williams p. 13 The cowardlie besonions perceiuing our resolution, before we could arriue within 3. miles of them, all their footmen ran away to Lisborne. OED2 1592bier 1779 ( 1780 ) Lieut. Gen. J. Burgoyne A State of the expedition from Canada p. 97 Different propositions were made for the removing them [the wounded], such as biers and hand-barrows.

OED2 Sense 1 (for other than corpses) † < c1600, exc. hist.

bilbo v 1613 ( 1900 ) John Saris Journal, July 30, 1613, inThe Voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan, 1613 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.V)

(reprint 1967) p. 110 I had forwardned him, yett was he at this time onlye bilbouysed and lett passe. OED2 lacks use as verbbilge-ways 1748 ( 1935 ) anon. The Journal of a Captive 1745-1748 in Colonial Captivities, Marches and Journeys p. 85 They have .. Barrells of Turpintine and other Combustibles which are laid ready for Launching on Bulghways on the Aproach of a Fleet of Ships. OED2 1769bill 1755 John Smith The Printer’s Grammar (facsimile ed. 1965) p. 46 Letter Founders call 3000 Lower case m’s a Bill, and proportion all the other Sorts by them; so that a whole bill of Pica makes 500 lb.

OED2 1824bill-hook 1579 ( 1914 ) Capt. John Winter inNew Light on Drake (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXIV) (reprint 1967) p. 390 Parte of the Billhocke knives and sissors being corrupted withe ruste. OED2 1611Birchin Lane c 1648 ( 1898 ) William Bradford

Of Plimoth Plantation p. 128 (ms. p. 66) Ther was sent over some burching-lane suits in ye ship, out of which they were supplied. (In 1621) OED2 lacks but see under suit v. “1600 Heywood 1st Pt. Edw. IV, i. i, Birchin Lane shall suit us.”biscuit 1785 ( 1959 ) Thomas Jefferson Letter to Abigail Adams Sept. 25, 1785 in The Adams-Jefferson Letters p.69 I have also procured for you ... four figures of Biscuit.

OED2 Sense 2 1791bishion 1608 ( 1969 ) Capt. John Smith A true relation .. in Jamestown Voyages under the First Charter (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. cxxxvi) p.182 On each hand a boweman, the rest in file in the reare, which reare led foorth amongst the trees in a bishion. Editor (P. L. Barbour) notes “[Ital. biscione, ‘great snake’].” OED2 lacksbitt 1582 ( 1959 ) Richard Madox Diary, Sep. 4, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 179 The Edward by neglegyns let fawl a fayr anchor and cable with a sunken boy, which being not turned on the bytts brok the stopper and ran owt end for end. OED2 1593Black Republican 1854 ( 1953 ) Abraham Lincoln

Speech at Bloomington, Ill, Sept. 26, 1854 in Collected works of Abraham Lincoln Vol. II p. 234 The Judge [Stephen Douglas] has called the new party Black Republicans. OED2 1866 Dict. Americanisms 1855Blackamoor‘s teeth 1735 John Atkins A Voyage to Guinea, Brazil, & the West Indies in his Majesty’s Ships, the Swallow and Weymouth (facsimile reprint 1970) p. 112 It’s convenient on this Voyage always to provide Cowrys or Booges (little Indian Shells, called in England Blackamoors Teeth ).

OED2 sense 1c †1719blanket 1713 JamesWatson The History of the Art of Printing (facsimile ed. 1965) p. 64

[ AContemplation upon the Mystery of Man’s Regeneration in Allusion to the Mystery of Printing]

The Blankets, a Resemblance hathOf Mercy in the midst of Wrath. OED2 sense 4 1824blare (v ) 1744 ( 1960 ) Benjamin Franklin An Account of the New Invented Pennsylvanian Fire-Places in Papers of Benjamin F ranklin Vol. 2 p. 437 When you burn Candles near this Fire-Place, you will find that the Flame burns quite upright, and does not blare and run the Tallow down, by drawing toward the chimney. OED2 sense 4. “To sweal, or melt away, as a Candle does. Bailey 1721 . Obs.-o”blast 1776 ( 1972 ) Daniel Joy Letter, Sep. 24, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 978 They intend to put their Furnace out of Blast in 10 or 15 day. OED2 sense 4c 1780blawly 1831 Mary Prince The History of Mary Prince p. 10. Facsimile reprint in Six Women’s Slave Narratives (1988) We came home at twelve; ate our corn soup, called blawly. (On Turk Island, West Indies)

OED2 lacksblaze 1778 ( 1789 ) Thomas Anburey Travels through the Interior Parts of Americain a Series of Letters (1969 facsimile ed.) Vol. II p.81 If a soldier comes the least near them they level at him, and say. “I swear now, if you attempt to pass, I’ll blaze at you.” (Continental soldiers)(Dated letters appear concocted from recollections or notes, but should be reliable for usage at date) OED2 has only “blaze away” 1826 DAE 1776blazing iron 1777 ( 1789 ) Thomas Anburey

Travels through the Interior Parts of Americain a Series of Letters (1969 facsimile ed.) Vol. II p. 218 A New Englander riding in the woods with his blazing iron (the term they give to a musket or gun). (Dated letters appear concocted from recollections or notes, but should be reliable for usage at date) OED I has only “blaze away” 1826 THIS QUOTE IN DAEblemish 1606 ( 1943 ) Edmund Scott An Exact Discourse in The Voyage of Sir Henry Middleton to the Moluccas (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXVIII) p. 121 Because hee never blemished at that, we thought that his handes and legges had beene nummed with tying; wherefore wee burned him in the armes, shoulders and necke.

OED2 sense 5 1530 onlyblender 1622 ( 1848 ) The Observations of Sir Richard Hawkins Knight, in his Voyage into the South Sea in The Hawkins’ Voyages (2nd ed. date? Hakluyt Soc. Ser. 1, No. LVII, reprint date?) §lxi p. 306 A certaine defence, made of foure or five inch planckes, of five foote high, and sixe foote broad, running upon wheeles, and placed in such partes of the shippe as are most open. These they name blenders. (Blinders ? But e for i is not attested in blind or derivatives.) OED2 lacksblind story 1793 ( 1966 ) Thomas Jefferson The Family Letters of Thomas Jefferson to M. J. Randolph May 26, 1793 p. 119 We

have two blind stories here. The one that Dumourier has gone over to the Austrians. The authority for this is an English paper. .. We concluded the story fabricated.

Apparently means a false or unconfirmed ( or possibly unattributed) story. In any case, OED2’s def. “ one without point” does not fit here (nor seem required by OED2’s quots.)blockade 1670- 1671 ( 1683 ) Sir James TurnerPallas Armata (facsimile ed. 1968) Bk. III Ch. xxiv p. 314 The third way to take Fortified places, is by Siege, and it is twofold, either by not making approaches, which is called a Blockade, or by approaching, and this is more properly called a Siege. OED2 1693blockmaker 1776 ( 1968 ) John Hancock Letter, Mar. 7, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.4 p.218 Do be Carefull to Engage good Blockmakers & let every Article be well Executed.A trade in ship-building. Block apparently in sense 5. OED2 lacksbloom n2 1555 ( 1975 ) Building Account in Sidney Ironworks Accounts 1541-1573 (Camden 4th Ser. Vol. 15) p. 121 Delyvered unto the hamerman iii blomes and a halfe to be leed under the andvyld wayeng on hondred of yeren.

Ed. (D. W. Crossley) notes “Although the term is properly given to the product of the bloomery hearth, .. in these documents it was used for the lump of wrought iron produced in the finery hearth at the forge, before it was drawn out into bar under the hammer.” OED2 no quot. a1000< >1674bloomy 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, June 24, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 149 So long as the north wynd blew yt was cooler than yn Ingland, but now yt is blomy and hot. OED2 1620blower 1617 ( 1971 ) Capt. WilliamKeeling

Journal, Apr. 19, 1617, in The East India Company Journals of Capt. William Keeling and Master Thomas Bonner, 1615-1617 p. 163 We brought our new sailes to the yards, now expecting blowers. OED2 lacks this senseblubber 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, July 23, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 154 Hear we met with a number of things cauled blubbers lyke unto red bryer bawles a handful stil under the water. OED2 sense 2 1602blubber c 1613 ( 1881 ) Robert Fotherby? in The Voyages of William Baffin (Hakluyt Soc. 1st. Ser. No.LXIII) p. 75 Another, who stands either in the boat or upon the whale, cutts and scores the fatt, whch we call blubber. OED2 sense 4 1664, but see slip 1601blue-joint grass 1777 ( 1986 ) Abner Sanger

Journal, Aug. 2, 1777, in Very Poor and of a Lo Make, The Journal of Abner Sanger p. 138 Thurston and I go to mowing down by the river. We mow the blue-joint grass. New Hampshire OED2 lacks; DA and DARE 1832 (NH also)

blueback 1842 ( 1968 ) William Johnson Diary, Mar. 9, 1842 in William Johnson’s Natchez Vol I p. 376 Blue backs or Commercial money has Created a good deal of Excitement to day. OED2 cf. sense 2 1869 blyter 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, July 1, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 149 Under ther bellys [of sharks] we fynd lytle blyters of 6 ynches long which hath a flat holo head lyke a . . . so that you wold ymagine his back to be his belly. Evidently describing a remora. ??board 1582 ( 1959 ) Richard Madox in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 292 Wee mett with a south wynd so that we were constrayned to run fyrst upon one boord and after on an other. OED2 has only board and board 1926, but see 1867 quot. under trip sense 4 and slip for Halley 1699board 1699 ( 1981 ) Edmond Halley Journal, Sep. 21, 1698, in The Three Voyages of Edmond Halley in the Paramore (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. vol. 156) p. 123 The wind being about W S W obliged us to make severall boards before we got to our Anchoring place. OED2 has only board and board 1926, but see 1867 quot. under trip sense 4 and slip for Madox 1582boatswain 1828 Capt. William E. Parry

Narrative of an Attempt to Reach the North Pole p. 78 Today we saw only one kittiwake, and a boatswain (lestris parasiticus). OED2 sense 2 1835bob-sled 1776 ( 1986 ) Abner Sanger Journal, Mar. 25, 1775, in Very Poor and of a Lo Make, The Journal of Abner Sanger p. 92

I cut up the maple top that come off the bobsled. New Hampshire OED2 1839 bog-trotting ppla. 1696 ( 1951 ) Richard Bovet A Poem Humbly presented to His most Excellent Majesty King William the Third Upon His most Miraculous and Happy Preservation from that Barbarous Jacobitish Conspiracy to Assasinate His Royal Person line 16 (in Richard Bovet Pandaemonium 1951 ed. p. 144) Of Hated Vagabonds, and Bigotted Fools, Bog-Trotting Ruffians, Mercenary Tools. OED2 1762; bog-trot v. 1734 (bogtrotter 1682)boggle 1821 ( 1959 ) John Adams Letter to Thomas Jefferson , Feb. 3, 1821 in The Adams-Jefferson Letters p. 572 After a total desuetude of 40 years I boggled and blundered more than a young fellow just rising to speak at the bar. OED2 sense 4 1853boggy 1582 ( 1935 ) Richard Hakluyt Divers Voyages Touching the Discouerie of America (facsimile ed. 1966) p. K3 verso If the soyles adioyning to such conuenient hauen and setling places be founde marshie and boggie, then men skilful in draining are to be caried thither. OED2 1586

bolling c 1624 ( 1929 ) Grievances for consideration by Parliament, Winthrop Papers Vol. 1 p 297 Noe owner or Farmor that shall fell any tymber tree or Bowlyng for his own buildinges or reparacons but to plant 2 trees for euery one that he felleth .. and whosoeuer shall fell any tymber tree or Bowlinge to sell, to plant 3 trees for euery one that he felleth. OED2 1691bolt-rope 1615 ( 1971 ) Capt. WilliamKeeling

Journal, Mar. 5, 1615, in The East India Company Journals of Capt. William Keeling and Master Thomas Bonner, 1615-1617 p. 62 The boltrope of our sprittsayle bonnet being too small brake and splitt the sayle. OED2 1626bomber 1690 ( 1906 ) Samuel Pepys Memoires Relating to the State of the Royal Navy of England(reprinted 1971) p. 116 A List and State of the whole Royal Navy ..on the 18. day ofDecember 1688 .. BombersFire-DrakePortsmouthSalamander Portsmouth was in service in 1686, Fire-Drake and Salamanderadded thereafter OED2 bomb sense 4a 1704; bomb ship 1695; bomber (other senses) 1915bonavist 1674 ( 1988 ) John Josselyn Two Voyages to New England p. 74(1988 ed. as John Josselyn, Colonial Traveler p. 53)Your Bonavis and Calavances and the kidney-bean. OED2 1700, but see quot. under yam 1657bonder 1777 ( 1980 ) Abstract of bond, Apr. 28, 1777, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.8 p. 458

Chase, Continental ship. Guns: 6 Crew: 20Bond: $10,000. Captain: Benjamin Chew.Bonders: Benjamin Chew, Stephen Steward OED2 lacks this sensebonito 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 149 Ther is another sort of fysshes called bonytas, and be as bigge as a smal milwell, and thes swymmes alwaie a grete nomber of them together in the reme of the water and baite upon the boladoros. Barlow adapted a Spanish book and sometimes simply anglicised Spanish words, but here appears to be drawing on his own experience (on Spanish ships). boladoros=flying-fish OED2 1599 but see slip Madox 1582bonito 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, June 17, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 143

Dyvers told us what plenty of bonettoes and dolphins we shold have al this way but hytherto we smackt no byt of fresh fysh. OED2 1599 but see slip Barlow 1541booby 1628 ( 1914 ) Peter Mundy Journal in The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. IV (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 2 p. 16 Sondrey sorts of strange sea Fowle, among the rest a Boobye, which, lighting on our Yardes, suffereth himselfe to be taken with Mens hands.

OED2 sense 2 1634

boodle 1828 John Neal Rachel Dyer (facsimile ed. 1964) Ch. XIII p. 160 Here you men, I say! — Whose afeard among the whole boodle of you? OED2 1833 (Neal also)booklike 1553 ( 1988 ) William Baldwin

Beware the Cat epistle dedicatory p. 3 I have divided his oration into three parts, and set the argument before them and an instruction after them, with such notes as might be gathered thereof, so making it booklike. (First published 1570. Normalized spelling) OED2 1839 onlyboom a 1595 ( 1618 ) Sir Roger Williams The Actions of the Lowe Countries p. Q4v in The Works of Sir Roger Williams (1972) p. 144 There was nothing to defend them, but a paultery bome; which God knowes, could neuer haue endured one push of the smallest vessel. OED2 sense 3a 1645; but see slip Winthrop 1627boom 1627 ( 1929 ) John Winthrop, Jr. Letter, Sep. 1627, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 1 p 359 They have made a boome with mastes chained together which lieth crosse that place where they shold go in so they must needes be foul eyther of the shipes or that. (The English on the expedition to Rochelle) OED2 sense 3a 1645; but see slip Williams a1595boom (v2 ) 1776 ( 1968 ) Lt. Col. Henry B. Livingston Letter, May 21, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.5 p. 187 On the West side the River is an Eminence that Commands a Long reach both up and down the River if it should be thought Necessary to Boom Across I think it much more practicable there. OED2 sense 2 1879boor 1817 Amasa Delano A Narrative of Voyages and Travel in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres (facsimile ed. 1970) Ch. XXVII p. 548 The colony is divided into four classes, namely the people of Cape Town who are chiefly in the commercial line; the vine cultivators..; the grain farmer and the grazier. The two latter are called boors, and are a wretched set of slothful, indolent men. OED2 sense 2b 1824boot hose tops 1775 ( 1968 ) Lord Commrs.

Admiralty Orders, Dec. 15, 1775 inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.3 p. 424 Having given directions to the Navy Board to supply the Ship you command with proper materials for giving her Boot hose tops; .. You are hereby required and directed to cause Boot hose tops to be given her accordingly.

?? OED2 lacksboot-top 1705 ( 1927 ) Capt. JosephTolson Letter, Dec. 25, 1705, in The Papers of Thomas Bowrey Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LVIII (reprint 1967) p. 258 I found my Ship to be in greate danger of the Worme which had already touched her, although I had Given her two boote tops since my departure from England. OED2 sense 2 verb 1724; noun 1768borrow v2 1574 ( 1963 ) William Bourne A Regiment for the Sea (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXXI) p. 272 There be againe some sandes and daungers that there is no borrowing nor sounding of them, and those be neall or deepe,

harde vnto the sandes or daungers. OED2 1622, but see slip Davis 1605; lacks vbln.borrow ( v2 ) 1605 ( 1880 ) John Davis Mr. John Daves his observations Voyaging from Acheane to Tecoe and Priaman in Voyages and Works of John Davis (Hakluyt Soc.) p. 186

There is shold watt’r and bankes of stone, but you may borrow of them with your lead in Seven fathoms. OED2 1622, but see slip bourne 1584bosse (bossy or boss) 1772 ( 1975 ) John Adams

Letter to Abigail Adams May 1772 in The Book of Abigail and John p.51I almost want to go and see the Bosse Calfs’s as often

as Charles does. OED2 bossy 1844 or possibly the Eng. dial. boss (1790) “ six-month calf” given under etymology of boss (n7 ), but not listed as headword.bottle-arsed, etc. 1755 John Smith The Printer’s Grammar (facsimile ed. 1965) **Luckombe 1770/1 quots. in OED2 that should be attributed to Smith:

Bottle-arsed p. 11; Reglet p. 110; Scratched p. 70; Pigeon-hole p. 113, 114; Modelize p. 117; Separatrix p. 132; Retrogate p. 212; Quotation p. 134bottle-nose 1620 ( 1982 ) John Mason A Briefe Discourse of the New-found-land in Newfoundland Discovered (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 160) p. 94 The sea fowles, are Gulls white and gray, Penguins, Sea Pigeons,Ice Birds, Bottle noses, with other sortes strange in shape. OED2 sense 3 (puffin) 1678 onlyOED2 has this quot. for ice-birdbouge ( n1 ) 1684 ( 1989 ) Francis Howard

Proclamation concerning tobacco casks in Papers of Francis Howard, Baron Howard of Effingham p.116 The gage by Act of the Assembly, being forty three Inches in length, and twenty six Inches wide in the head, with a bouge proportionable.

OED2 sense 3 1741bounce 1810 ( 1912 ) Margaret Van Horn Dwight

A Journey to Ohio in 1810 p. 54 The landlord & his wife were extremely clever — they gave us a great many apples & some cherry bounce. OED2 lacks as entry but see 1949 quot. for rum cherry under rum sense 3bourgeois 1755 John Smith The Printer’s Grammar (facsimile ed. 1965) We have .. between Longprimer and Brevier, Burjois. (p. 30)

Burgeois is a Letter of an irregular Body.. By its name it seems to have first come from France; and that it was dedicated to the Master Printers there. (p. 146)

OED2 1824

bowie-knife 1836 ( 1968 ) William Johnson Diary, Nov. 2, 1836 in William Johnson’s Natchez Vol I p. 76 E. S. Drew a Bouye Knife and commenced cuting at him. OED2 1842 DA 1836bowline 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, Apr. 5, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 103 We sayld by the Bolyne, .. the wynd stiff at west and northwest westerly spreding al our sayl save the mayn and so kept our cowrse est northest.

OED2 sense 3 1625bowman n2 1759 ( 1973 ) Ashley Bowen

Autobiography in The Journals of Ashley Bowen (1728-1813) of Marblehead (Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XLIV) p. 96

I said, “Bow-man see your blunderbuss is ready and your pole-axe to cut our moorings as occasion should serve!” Direct quote suggests dating by the incident rather than the record (1781-1813) is safe. Normalized spelling OED2 1829bowsprit 1585 ( 1981 ) Journal of the Tyger, Sep. 15, 1585, in Sir Francis Drake’s West Indian Voyage 1585-86 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 148) p. 72 Theyr bolt spritt hapened to enter owre foresayle and to rent the same all to peces. OED2 c- form 1591boy 1849 ( 1986 ) Herman Melville Redburn ch.12 Penguin ed. p.111 In merchant-ships, a boy means a green-hand, a landsman on his first voyage. And never mind if he is old enough to be a grandfather, he is still called a boy ; and boys’ work is put upon him. OED2 lacks this sensebrace 1555 ( 1975 ) Building Account in Sidney Ironworks Accounts 1541-1573 (Camden 4th Ser. Vol. 15) p. 157 John Hamond and to his servannt for on days work ether of them in the settyng in of vi brasts for to hold up the wall in the forge xviii d. OED2 sense 17a (1530) lacks variant.brace n3 1615 ( 1934 ) in Peter Floris, his Voyage to the East Indies in the Globe 1611-1615 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXIV) (reprint 1967) p. 1 We hade a man fall overboord, but .. there was by the diligence of Capt. Hippon a brase caste unto him, who caught hold of the same. OED2 1626brace n1 1817 Amasa Delano A Narrative of Voyages and Travel in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres (facsimile ed. 1970) Ch. XIII p. 234 In drifting in the night we had got within a mile of the breakers on the eastern brace. At the mouth of the Hooghly R., Bay of Bengal ? OED2 †c1530brack n2 1580 John Florio A Shorte and briefe Narration of the Two Nauigations and Discoueries to the Northwest Partes called Newe Fraunce(transl. of J. Cartier) (facsimile ed. 1966) p. 11 We went along the said land about tenne leagues, till we came to a Cape of redde lands, that is all craggie, within the

which, there is a bracke looking toward the North. OED2 “rare” c1530 and Florio’s dict. 1598branch 1580 John Florio A Shorte and briefe Narration of the Two Nauigations and Discoueries to the Northwest Partes called Newe Fraunce(transl. of J. Cartier) (facsimile ed. 1966) p. 46 We found four or five branches, whyche out of the river come into the Lake.

But in the said braunches .. OED2 sense 2a 1297 and 1603, cf. 2b [1624]brand 1630 ( 1931 ) John Winthrop Journal, Dec. 27, 1630, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 2 . p. 271 I haue in all 15 Cowes .. whereof 5 are my brothe[er] downings marked on the left horne with a brand of a ringe. OED2 sense 4d 1665brand n 1674 ( 1988 ) John Josselyn Two Voyages to New England p. 19(1988 ed. as John Josselyn, Colonial Traveler p. 18)For a Brand to brand Beasts with 0 0 6 OED2 sense 5 1828brash ice 1819 Capt. John Ross A Voyage of Discovery for the purpose of Exploring Baffins Bay p. xxxv Brash Ice, ice in a broken state, and in such small pieces, that the ship can easily force through. OED2 1837bravo 1775 ( 1968 ) Dr. Jonathan Boucher Letter, Nov. 27, 1775 inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.3 p. 394As to their Arming, & all their boasted Pomp of War; I look upon it as a mere Bravoe, intended only to alarm & intimidate England. OED2 sense 2 †1713brawl n3 1632 A. H. [Henry Hawkins] Partheneia Sacra (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 81 1971) p. 139

His vsual songs are certain Catches and Roundelayes he hath, much after the manner of the French Braules. OED2 sense 2b c1600 onlybreach 1595 ( 1940 ) Henry Roberts Lancaster his Allarums inThe Voyages of Sir James Lancaster to Brazil and the East Indies 1591-1603 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXV) p. 62 [Our generall] landed, leaping to the waste in water, in the breach of the shoare. OED2 sense 2 1601 or (the same?) sense 8 1624 and see slip Saris 1613.breach 1613 ( 1900 ) John Saris Journal, Jan. 31, 1613, inThe Voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan, 1613 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.V) (reprint 1967) p. 11 At lowe water you shall see a breach vpone it [a shoal]. OED2 sense 8 1624 (if this is really distinct from sense 2 1601), but see slip Roberts 1595breaker 1605 ( 1880 ) John Davis Mr. John Daves his observations Voyaging from Acheane to Tecoe and Priaman in Voyages and Works of John Davis (Hakluyt Soc.) p. 188 There lyeth breakers neer both ye Islands. OED2 Sense 5 1684

breaking up plough 1752 ( 1974 ) EbenezerParkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Apr. 1, 1752

(American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 254Rode to Mr. Gashetts about a breaking up Plough. For ploughing a new field.

Apparently pulled by fourteen or more oxen. OED2 1781breast-hook 1704 ( 1927 ) Shipwright’s contract in The Papers of Thomas Bowrey Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LVIII (reprint 1967) p. 135To have four breast hooks afore and a Crutch abaft, with seaven bolts in each hook of a three Quarter bolt. OED2 1748breeze v2 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, May 8, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 131 The wynd cam up to the est but breesed abowt with great uncertaynty. OED2 1809 (except vbln. 1682)brickman 1612 Robert Johnson The New Life of Virginea p.D2r The brickmen burnt their bricks. (RJ uses brickemakers elsewhere) OED2 lacksBridgewater 1633 ( 1943 ) Francis Kirby Letter, Feb. 26, 1633, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 3. p. 141 I could not find any Bridgewater Cloth of any colour but red. OED2 †1607bridle 1776 ( 1976 ) James Warren Letter, Dec. 3, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7 p. 356 Well made Gun Locks, with what the English call good Bridles. OED2 1844brief 1767 ( 1914 ) Abraham Pereira Mendes Letter, Nov. 8, 1767, in Commerce of Rhode Island 1726-1800 Vol. 1, p. 212 The Small Pox is very brief in Town, every week there is 5 or 6 Children buried with that terrible disorder. . OED2 sense 5 dict. only, no usage quot.brigade (v ) 1776 ( 1972 ) Maj. Francis Hutchinson Letter, Aug. 8, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 124 We wait only being Joined by the Hessians, to do something of Consiquence, as soon as they arrive & are Brigaded. OED2 1805brigue 1690 CottonMather The Present State of New-England (facsimile ed. 1972) p. 3 Haman by his Brigues, had obtained from the Persian Emperour, a Commission and Priviledg to require a more than common Reverence from the Courtiers then about the Palace. OED2 sense 2 1701brisken 1775 ( 1964 ) Berthon Brothers Letter Feb. 18, 1775 in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol. 1 p. 402 Little or no progress is made on the sale of our joint adventure of flour, but we hope that the demand will brisken. OED2 1799, sense 2 (intr. ) 1876Britainer 1778 ( 1789 ) Thomas Anburey

Travels through the Interior Parts of Americain a Series of Letters (1969 facsimile ed.) Vol. II p.42 “It will be with the first Britainer,” (the name they give to Englishmen). (Massachusetts)(Dated letters appear concocted from recollections or notes, but should be reliable for usage at date) OED2 † <1709

Britonion 1778 ( 1789 ) Thomas AnbureyTravels through the Interior Parts of America

in a Series of Letters (1969 facsimile ed.) Vol. II p.222 “I swear I never saw any thing so bloodthirsty as you Britonions be.” (Massachusetts)(Dated letters appear concocted from recollections or notes, but should be reliable for usage at date) OED2 lacksbrogue 1553 ( 1988 ) William Baldwin

Beware the Cat 1st part p. 13 With the rest of the hide they made each of them laps to wear about their feet like brogues. (First published 1570. Normalized spelling) OED2 1586broke 1686 ( 1974 ) George Etherege Letter Aug. 26, 1686, in Letters of Sir George Etherege p. 17 I have been these two Months little better than broke, and if my Lord Treasurer does not consider me suddainly, I shall be declar’d a Banquerout. OED2 sense 3a 1716brookite 1825 William Haidinger

Treatise on Mineralogy Vol. III p. 82 Brookite Lévy Ann. of Phil. Feb. 1825 Still a valid, and reasonably important, mineral species.A modern def., modified from Gloss. of Geol.: “A brown, reddish, or sometimes black mineral, the orthorhombic modification of TiO2”. OED2 1879brow (n2 ) 1777 ( 1980 ) Lieut. George Burdon, R. N.

Letter, May 14 1777, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.8 p. 968 The Governor of which place [New Orleans], has made seizure of every English Vessel, that had a Brow made from the vessel to the Shore. OED2 1867brush away c 1648 ( 1898 ) William Bradford Of Plimoth Plantation p. 128 (ms. p. 66) Neither had they any beding, .. nor overmany cloaths, for many of them had brusht away their coats & cloaks at Plimoth as they came. OED2 lacks this sense, whatever it is (sell?)buckra 1774 ( 1939 ) Janet Schaw The Journal of a Lady of Quality (3rd ed.) p. 108 Every Negro infant can tell you, that he owes this happiness [the Christmas holiday] to the good Buccara God, that he be no hard Master, but loves a good black man as well as a Buccara man. Antigua, West Indies OED2 1794 DA 1736buckshot 1775 ( 1966 ) Stephen Moylan Letter, Oct. 19,1775 in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.2 p. 517

The musket cartridges flint, the musket balls, & buck Shot, for which Col Glover sent off an Express last evening. OED2 1776 DA Aug. 14, 1775budge-barrel 1590 ( 1959 ) JamesRobinson

Inventory of the White Lion in English Privateering Voyages to the West Indies 1588-1595 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXI) p. 76 Won bugd barrill of muskyt shot won small barill of muskyt shot. Note budge-barrels were meant for powder, not shot.

OED2 1627, but see slip Saris 1607budge-barrel 1613 ( 1900 ) John Saris Journal, June 22, 1613, inThe Voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan, 1613 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.V) (reprint 1967) p. 92 A Budge barrell of pouder standing hard by ..

which yf it had taken, had blowne vp the deck. OED2 1627, but see slip Robinson 1590budgerow c 1685 ( 1905 ) Thomas Bowrey A Geographical Account of the Countries Round the Bay of Bengal (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XII) (reprint 1967) p. 228 A Budgaroo or Pleasure boat, wherein the English and Dutch Chiefe and Councill goe in State upon the water, in Use alsoe by the Moors Grandees or Governours.

Also quoted in footnote:If you have noe Budgrees with you ‘twill be necessary to bring 2 or 3 Purgoes downe for the carriage of our necessarys. (1679)You have done very well since your Factory Budgroe [is] out of repaire to keep our Budgroe. 1682 OED2, Hobson-Jobson 1727 bulbul 1632 ( 1914 ) Peter Mundy Journal, Sep. 8, 1632, in The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. VIII (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 2 p. 128 Our pastime of Cockfightinge is not heere in use; only among young men and boyes they have certen small black birds called bulbulls, and sometyme Quailes, which make some sporte. OED2, Hobson -Jobson 1784bull 1687 ( 1940 ) Charles Morton Compendium Physicae in Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XXXIII p. 171 (from 1697 transcription of 1687 ms., probably first compiled c1680) In a Whistle .. if you blow Stronger (in the Same Stop) you Immediately pass into an 8th above: and so does a Bull in roaring even to 2 or 3 8ths Successively. Is this the English country-boy’s plaything (otherwise unrecorded in OED2) that gave its name to the aboriginal Aust. bull-roarer? Would this change pitch by eighths? Do live bulls? ?bully 1683 The Whores Rhetorick (facsimile ed. 1979) p. 77 They will persevere in their liberality, to procure a secret continuance of the amorous theft .. without fear of disturbance, or danger of the Bullies rude visit, to make up an unwelcome second course. OED2 sense 4 1706bully 1839 ( 1968 ) William Johnson Diary, Apr. 12, 1839 in William Johnson’s Natchez Vol I p. 252 Took my Pistol and shot at the mark. I did not make any Bully shooting at all, I thought. OED2 sense 2a 1844 bumbo 1743 ( 1993 ) William Moraley The Infortunate p. 83, 105 Here’s Money, Sugar, fetch some Rum, And when the Liquors made, I come ....I first fetched the Rum, made the Liquor, which was Bombo.

Half a Pint of Rum being mix’d with three Half-pints of Water or Small Beer, makes Bombo. Pennsylvania or New Jersey OED2 1748bunch-berry 1828 John Neal Rachel Dyer (facsimile ed. 1964) Ch. III p. 55 The more brilliant ivory-plumbs or clustered bunch-berries rattled among the withered herbage. OED2 1845 (This quot. for ivory plum )

bunt n2 1576 ( 1940 ) George Gascoigne Preface to Gilbert’s A discourse of a discoverie for a new passage to Cataia in The Voyages and Colonising Enterprises of Sir Humphrey Gilbert (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXIII) ( reprint 1967) p. 130 Shee is readie to wreck her malice on the drones, to smoke and smoulder them with Bunte and Brimstone. OED2 1601; “Smother them with Brimstone or Bunt, as you kill Bees.” 1609buntling (bunting) 1836 Capt. George

Back Narrative of the Arctic Land Expedition p. 505 Tree Buntling (Emberiza canadensis ) OED2 lacks variant (cf. buntlin Sc. 17..)buoy v 1636 ( 1992 ) Sir Kenelm Digby Letter, Jan. 31, 1636 (N.S.?), in The Conway Letters p. 24 Nothing could have boyed up our reputation so much as this hath done in so short a time. OED2 sense 3a 1652burg 1674 ( 1988 ) John Josselyn Two Voyages to New England p. 158(1988 ed. as John Josselyn, Colonial Traveler p. 111) Northward of Sittuate is Conchusset and Hull a little Burg lying open to the sea. Is this OED2 burg sense 2 1843?burgee 1768 ( 1973 ) Ashley Bowen

Journal, Jan. 23, 1768, in The Journals of Ashley Bowen (1728-1813) of Marblehead (Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XLIV) p. 171

Delivered a burgee to Colonel Lee, brig Phoenix. Normalized spelling OED2 1848Burgoyne 1778 ( 1809 ) Capt. Lemuel Roberts

Memoirs (facsimile reprint 1969) p. 68 If Clinton continues on his present route, our army have great hopes they shall Burgoyne him. Burgoyne him, G--- d--- them, says he; then they call it Burgoyning of him do they. Yes, please your honor says I, that is the name printers give it. 1809 memoirs relating interrogation in January 1778 OED2 lacks; DAE 1777burlet 1612 ( 1953 ) William Strachey The Historie of Travell into Virginia Britania(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd Ser., No. CIII) p. 95 The Burlett or attire of his head, was thus made: some 12. or 16. Snakes Sloughs, or skyns, were stuffed with Mosse .. .

OED2 †1611burring (burr) ( v3) 1836 Capt. George Back

Narrative of the Arctic Land Expedition p. 129 The white partridges kept up a burring call until near midnight. OED2 burr sense 3 1838; burring (ppl a) 1883busk v3 1632 A. H. [Henry Hawkins] Partheneia Sacra (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 81 1971) p. 181

The Hen is a great scraper in the dust, which especially they do for three causes: as wel by busking therin to satisfy the itching they haue in themselues.Our Hen likewise most willingly busked and rould herself in her dust and ashes.

OED2 no quot. 1575< >1835 (and def. doesn’t seem to cover)

buster 1839 ( 1968 ) William Johnson Diary, Nov. 17, 1839 in William Johnson’s Natchez Vol I p. 272 I Killed one of the Largest Kind of an Aligator in the Aligator Lake.He was a Buster in any Country, I tell you. OED2 sense 2a 1850 buster-whore 1776 ( 1976 ) Robert Morris Letter, Dec. 29, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7 p. 622 I have scolded the Officers like a Buster-Whore for their dilatoriness. ?? OED2 lacks VARIANT (OR ERROR) BUTTER-WHOREbuttock 1690 ( 1906 ) Samuel Pepys Memoires Relating to the State of the Royal Navy of England (reprinted 1971) p. 36 Plank .. enough .. for answering all the Occasions of their Buttocks and Hoodings from the Water’s Edge to their Gun-deck-Ports. ? Futtocks would appear to be the appropriate word, here and elsewhere (p. 10), but the 1906 reprint appears carefully done, and incorporates corrections of errors apparently in Pepys’ own hand.button ( v ) 1739 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman June 2, 1739 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 64 He had button’d the Door and assaulted and Striven with her. OED2 sense 2c 1837cabaret 1640 ( 1944 ) Peter de Sallenova Letter, Feb. 5, 1640, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 4 p. 190 He haue neclected him, and nott taught him his trad according as he was bound to for hee haue sett him to keepe Cabarretoes and nott to bee a Carpintar. Editors suggest identity of word. OED2 sense 2 1655 (and lacks Spanish? or Italian? form) cabin 1739 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Aug. 17, 1739 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 67 Mr. Edward Burley Son came to my House in his Cabbin with his Puppets, etc. there in. OED2 lacks apparent sense of a showman’s wagoncabin 1784 ( 1975 ) Abigail Adams Letter to E. S. Shaw , July 10, 1784 in The Book of Abigail and John p. 382 I am now setting in my State room .. with two Cabbins .. and I write leaning one Arm upon my cabbin .. whilst I steady myself by holding my other hand upon the opposite Cabbin. OED2 sense 5b †1769cabinet 1763 ( 1975 ) Abigail Adams Letter to John Adams Sept. 12, 1763 in The Book of Abigail and John p. 21 If I was to judge of a certain persons Heart, by what on the like occasion passess through a cabinet of my own. OED2 sense 6 †1667cabling 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 279 Some of the saylers complayned that she had not that shifte of cabling and cordage, as to the length of hir viage and greatness of hir burden was convenient. OED2 1753 cf. sense 3 1927caboceer 1734 William Snelgrove A New Account of some parts of Guinea and the Slave-Trade (facsimile ed. 1971) p. 112

The late King of Whidaw was near that place, with Captain Ossue, one of his principal Cabociers or Lords. OED2 1836, but see slip Smith 1744caboceer 1744 William Smith A New Voyage to Guinea (facsimile ed. 1967) p. 87 Caboceroes, are the principal Men, and commonly limitted to a set Number, who, in case of Death, they chose out of the Commonalty.

A Caboceroe is the Master of a Town, or Head of a Clan. (p. 116) OED2 1836, but see slip Snelgrove 1734caboose 1761 ( 1914 ) George Crosswell Letter, Mar. 8, 1761, in Commerce of Rhode Island 1726-1800 Vol. 1, p. 87 A very heavy sea broke on Board of us, which washt all the Lumber our Boatt, and Cambooss over board, and lay on hir beam ends for some time. It also drew the ring bolts that our Cambooss wase lasht to. OED2 1769cache 1596 ( 1972 ) Thomas Maynarde in The Last Voyage of Drake & Hawkins (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXLII) p. 94 The inhabitants havinge intelligence of our cominge had caried all in the woodes and hid theyr treasure in casshes. OED2 1797; “Also 6 casshe”, but no quot. given. cacique 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 168 The gret men of the indies which be called caciques. (Barlow translated a Spanish book and sometimes simply anglicised Spanish words) OED2 1555 cadeau 1791 ( 1972 ) Fanny Burney Journal, Aug. , 1791, in The Journal and Letters of Fanny Burney Vol. 1 p. 43 She wanted her Cadeau ready for the little Lady Harriot. OED2 1808cadge 1635 Capt. Luke Foxe North-west Fox or Fox from the North-west Passage(Facsimile ed. 1965) p. 235 I heard the Cable run forth, and wee had all much adoe to bring the shippe to a bitter, before it was out, end for end. Now you shall understand, that the anchor had Cadged a great while, when comming to take (a sudaine) hold, broke the two Lashers of our Stoppers. OED2 cf. sense 1 †1627cadilesker 1581 ( 1977 ) William Harborne Letter, June 9, 1581, in S. A. SkilliterWilliam Harborne and the Trade with Turkey 1578-1582 p. 156 He wrote the viceroy Ciaus, the cadilisquire or chief Iudge, the nisangi, or chancelour with others the chiefe, to favour thees greekes. OED2 1686cadjan 1637 ( 1919 ) Peter Mundy The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XXIII (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 3 Pt. 1 p. 132

Houses at AcheinTheir houses are built on posts Covered with Cajans or toddy leaves. OED2 1698

caducean 1650 ( 1984 ) Thomas Vaughan Magia Adamica in The Works of Thomas Vaughan p. 183 Hee painted a young man, with wings at his Ancles, having in his hand a Caducean Rod, writhen about with two Serpents. OED2 1656 dict.; 1879 usage.caffre 1615 ( 1899 ) Thomas . Roe Journal, July 21, 1615, in The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.I/2) (reprint 1967) p. 22 Off the Inland hee knew little, only naming some Places or regions between Magodoxo and Prester Jhon as Odola, Maheza, Rehamy, and Gala; of which Odola and Gala are Chapharrs, which signifith misbeleuers (I know not whether he means gentiles or christians..). OED2 sense 1 1680caique 1599 ( 1893 ) Thomas Dallam

Journal inEarly Voyages and Travels in the Levant (Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXXXVI) p. 60 The Grand Sinyor desieringe to take a better vewe of our shipp, he came in his goulden kieke upon the watter. OED2 1625cajolist 1678 ( 1928 ) William Petty Letter, Oct. 5, 1678, in The Petty—Southwell Correspondence (reprinted 1967) p. 61 Sir Peter is an able Cajolist, bu the fox must not perswade the Crow that such a Bird can sing. OED2 lacks; cajoler 1677Calabar-bean 1780 ( 1986 ) Abner Sanger

Journal, Oct. 7, 1782, in Very Poor and of a Lo Make, The Journal of Abner Sanger p. 319

I .. buy a pint of rum to put my calibean bitters in, then homeand mix it up.Editor (L. K. Stabler) notes “A bitter extract of the calabar bean .. from West Africa was used as a sedative.” (p. 560)OED2 1876calash 1640 ( 1925 ) Peter Mundy The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XXXIII (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LV) Vol. 4

Men and Weomen travelling in open Cullasses, wagons, etts., have bin Frozen dead, sitting as though they slept. (p. 99)

I retourned to Dantzig .. in a Callais , which is a kind off an open Coache. (p. 101)OED2 1666

calavance 1612 ( 1953 ) William Strachey The Historie of Travell into Virginia Britania(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd Ser., No. CIII) p. 119Their Beanes are little like a French beane, and are the same which the Turks call Garnances. OED2 1620calipash 1674 ( 1988 ) John Josselyn Two Voyages to New England p. 39(1988 ed. as John Josselyn, Colonial Traveler p. 30)Having taken off their shells (that on their back being fairest, is called a Gally patch). OED2 1689 (and lacks variant)call 1776 ( 1968 ) Account, July 6, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.5 p. 953 Cash paid John

Murdock for a Boatswains Call ............ 1.17..6 OED2 sense 6e 1769 probably but not explicitly refers to a boatswain’s pipe, as indicated by 1963 quot. under bosun .calmy 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, July 2, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 149 Very hote and qualmy. Madox spells “calm” “qualme” OED2 sense 1 (literal) 1587cam n1 1550 ( 1975 ) Building Account in Sidney Ironworks Accounts 1541-1573 (Camden 4th Ser. Vol. 15) p. 97 Paid .. for makyng of the kames vi d. Editor (D. W. Crossley) footnotes “cams (set in the wheel shaft to operate the bellows).” OED2 1777can-buoy 1613 ( 1900 ) John Saris Journal, Mar. 25, 1613, inThe Voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan, 1613 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.V) (reprint 1967) p. 40 They vsed to rowe ouer our canboyes, and had lik to haue sonke them. OED2 1626can-hook 1611 ( 1982 ) Inventory, in Newfoundland Discovered (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 160) p. 67 2 payre of Cann hookes. OED2 1626canaut 1616 ( 1899 ) Thomas . Roe Journal, Nov. 2, 1616, in The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.I/2) (reprint 1967) p. 325 [His tentes] were walled in about halfe an englishe mile in Compasse in form of a fort with diuers Coynes and bulwarckes, with high Cannattes of a Course stuff made like arras, red on the outsyde.

OED2 1625 (this quot. in 1985 ed. of Hobson-Jobson)candyn3 1615 ( 1934 ) in Peter Floris, his Voyage to the East Indies in the Globe 1611-1615 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXIV) (reprint 1967) p. 78 40 candi indigo att 80 Pa. the candi . R8 4300

OED2, Hobson-Jobson 1618canhook 1777 ( 1976 ) Lieut. John Trevett

Journal , inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7 p. 959 We had but one gang cask of water on board, we had plenty of good rum and sugar, knowing that sailors liked a sling or canhook, such bitter cold weather.

Date of journal not cited, but usage reflects 1777 date of event OED2 lacks for a drinkcannibal 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 166 Ther is from the ilond of the trinitie to this lond of sent John 240 leges, and al thes other ylondes are betwene thes ij and thei be all enhabited of a generation called canivales wch dothe ete one another.

(Barlow translated a Spanish book and sometimes simply anglicised Spanish words) OED2 1553cannipers 1776 ( 1976 ) Boston Gazette, Dec. 16, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7 p. 494 Will be Sold at Vendue .. a chest of carpenter’s tools,consisting of saws, augr, caulking irons, axes, hammers, mawls, cannipers,

plane &c. &c. OED2 †1725cant n1 1621 ( 1982 ) Edward Winne A Letetre [sic] Written by Captaine Edwarde Winne, in Newfoundland Discovered (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 160) p. 254 I saw .. the pleasantest Sea Cant that euer mine eyes beheld.

From Renoze to Cape Broyle .. the Sea Cant hereof being vneuen and hilly.OED2 ? cf. sense 1 †c1400

canter n4 c 1595 ( 1899 ) Capt. Wyatt Narrative in The Voyage of Robert Dudley to the West Indies (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.III) p. 15

Our Generall sent away his two carvells before, that they should not be mistrusted of the canters, of whome hee determined to replenish his victuall a fresh, if possible hee might. OED2 a1642, and see slip Dudley 1600canter n4 1600 ( 1899 ) Robert Dudley in Hakluyt’s Voyages in The Voyage of Robert Dudley to the West Indies (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.III) p.69 My last hope was to meete my lost ship, and withall to renue my victuals vpon the Canthers, which are Portugal fishermen. OED2 a1642, but see slip Wyatt a1595canter 1628 Francis Fletcher The World Encompassed by Sir Francis Drake (facsimile reprint 1966) p. 6 Wee lighted on 3. Spanish fishermen called Caunters, whom we tooke with our new pinnace and caried along with us. OED2 a1642 (but see slip Wyatt a1595) and lacks this formcanting dog 1777 ( 1976 ) William Frost Letter, Feb. 8, 1777, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7 p. 1141 I would mention to yourHonours, (as necessary in loading the Ship) 2 Canting Dogs with Rings, 2 or 3 Iron Crows & 2 halling Dogs. OED2 lacks; cant dog 1850canvas 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 285 We spread more canvase & away wente sheere. OED2 sense 3 1609cap of the knee a 1689 ( 1991 ) Sir John Reresby

Memoirs of Sir John Reresby (2nd. ed.) p. 128 I found one Middleton, who by God’s mercy did reduce it indifferently well, though not perfectly, the cap of the knee being broaken. OED2 sense 10a 1767 (knee-cap 1869)Capharnaite 1611 Henry Fitz Simon The Justification and Exposition of the Divine Sacrifice of the Masse (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 108 1972) p. 343 Crueltie and barbarietie might haue bene obiected to eate him in forme of raw fleash, as the Capharnaits imagined. OED2 1656capital 1615 ( 1934 ) in Peter Floris, his Voyage to the East Indies in the Globe 1611-1615 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXIV) (reprint 1967) p. 60 I gathered butt a small capitall, which att this present tyme, for want of China and other commodities, cannot bee imployed to proffite. Use in various passages seems to be either stock or funds.

The journal is a translation from the Dutch, with a number of “Dutchisms” noted by the editor. Could this be another? OED2 sense 3 dict. def. 1611, use 1630-9capitalist 1777 ( 1980 ) Sir George Grand Letter, Feb. 27, 1777, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.8 p. 617 He will be able to find the right time to obtain some money from our Capitalists under reasonable conditions. OED2 1792 (but see 1785 slip)capitalist 1785 ( 1959 ) John Adams Letter to Thomas Jefferson Sept. 25, 1785 in The Adams-Jefferson Letters p.75 The Bearer of this Letter Mr. Thomas Boylston, is one of the clearest and most Solid Capitalists, that ever raised himself by private Commerce in North America. OED2 1792 (but see 1777 slip)capoc 1708 ( 1891 ) A New Voyage to the East-Indies by Francis Legaut and his Companions in The Voyage of Francois Legaut (Hakluyt Soc. Ser. 1, No. LXXXII Vol. 1 p. 65 About the Cabbage of the Plantane, near the bottom of it and between the Stalks of its broad Leaves, is a sort of Cotton of a Limon Colour, which all thro’ India is known by the name of Capoc. Editor notes plantane is a mistranslation of lantane and probably refers to the fan-palm. Thus Legaut’s capoc is not from the real kapok tree. In the def. of capoc did Simmons assume erroneously it was real cotton? OED2 capoc 1750; kapok 1735capsize 1783 ( 1969 ) William Williams Mr. Penrose The Journal of Penrose, Seaman p. 107 The next matter was to examine her bottom, and for this purpose we got her capsized on the beach.

We got down into the Cabbin where we found everything all gone to leeward and capsised in a confused manner. (p. 155) OED2 1788capuccio 1582 ( 1959 ) Richard Madox Diary, Aug. 18, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 167 3 sylly Portingales .. one a sage old man in a capuchio of black moccado. OED2 1596

caracoa 1613 ( 1900 ) John Saris Journal, Feb. 9, 1613, inThe Voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan, 1613 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.V) (reprint 1967) p. 15 We had sight of 2 Curracurras betweene us and Bootoone. OED2 lacks. Extensive treatment in Hobson-Jobson. See slip caricole 1606caracole 1606 ( 1943 ) The Last East-Indian Voyage in The Voyage of Sir Henry Middleton to the Moluccas (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXVIII) p. 28 The formost of these galleys or caracolles recovered our shippe.

The Dutch marchants shewed themselves to us, looking pale, and desired our Generall for Gods sake to rescue the caracole that came after us. also: caricole p. 33 carricole p. 34 carycole p. 39 carrycole p. 43 OED2 lacks Extensive treatment in Hobson-Jobson caracoa

caratch 1635 ( 1907 ) Edward Grimston The History of the Imperiall Estate of the Grand Seigneurs inThe Travels of Peter Mundy , in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVII) Vol. I p. 186 The Tribute called in Turkie Charay, which is levied upon the Jewes in Constantinople, after the rate of a Sequin for everie male Childe. OED2 1682caravan c 1582 ( 1977 ) William Cecil, Lord Burghley Notes, in S. A. SkilliterWilliam Harborne and the Trade with Turkey 1578-1582 p. 178 Nota a Caravan is a Consort of Merchantes travellyng togither With a nombre of Cammells not under ye nombre of xxxiii. Cammells goyng thrugh ye desert of arabia. OED2 1599careen v 1613 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 242 The Trade beeinge alsoe within the two little ilandes where the shipps weere careeninge. OED2 sense 2b (intr. ) 1667career 1609 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain Journal, Sep. 3, 1609, in The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 118 But the sea beeinge highe, and the shipp fetching such careers from side to side that the boate dare not to come neare shipp, for fear of splittinge her. ? Doesn’t fit any sense of career (or careen)carenage (careenage) 1776 ( 1972 ) Valentine Morris

Letter, Aug. 4, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 45 An American Vessell .. was at Souffnir bay in St Lucie, and in that Bay and the Carenage were from ten to twelve other Americans. As OED2 indicates, a French West Indian usage; quot. perhaps belongs in [ ]. OED2 1794cariole (carriole) 1776 ( 1789 ) Thomas Anburey

Travels through the Interior Parts of Americain a Series of Letters (1969 facsimile ed.) Vol. I p.142 The carioles are fashioned after different devices, to imitate birds and beasts. ( horse-drawn sleds at Montreal)(Dated letters appear concocted from recollections or notes, but should be reliable for usage at date) OED2 Sense 2 1808; DAE dog-sled 1806-8, horse sled 1809 “ [carioles]” appears in quot. for runner from part of same sentence!carioling 1776 ( 1789 ) Thomas Anburey

Travels through the Interior Parts of Americain a Series of Letters (1969 facsimile ed.) Vol. I p.140 Among the principal [winter amusements of Montreal] is that of carioling upon the ice. (Dated letters appear concocted from recollections or notes, but should be reliable for usage at date)

OED I 1884 (presumably for sense 1 rather than 2 of cariole )carrick 1639 ( 1925 ) Peter Mundy The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XXXI (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LV) Vol. 4 p. 35 The great Royall Sovereigne .. steered by takles on the Tiller, as Carrickes, directed From aloft by a truncke, wherein the voice is conveyed to them below.

Meaning ? OED2 only carrick bend 1819, carrick bitts 1847carry-all 1809 Capt. LemuelRoberts

Memoirs (facsimile reprint 1969) p. 70 It being now near day light, we perceived the trains and carry-alls began to move. unhyphenated on p. 71

(recounting events in Canada in winter of 1778) OED I Sense b, no quot.carvel 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 153 It is as a skynne and hathe many small strenges hanging by it underwater and above it is like a iij cornered saile and therefore we named them caravelas.Barlow adapted a Spanish book and sometimes simply anglicised Spanish words, but here appears to be drawing on his own experience (on Spanish ships). OED2 OED2 sense 2c 1688 (or 1657?) but see slip Madox 1582carvel 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, July 10, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 151 We saw now and than lyke purple bladders swym on the sea, which our men cawled carvels, tellyng us that they wold sting sore. OED2 sense 2c 1688 (or 1657?) but see slip Barlow 1541carvel 1636 ( 1919 ) Peter Mundy Journal , May 18, 1636, inThe Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XXI (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 3 p. 27 Strange Sea Snailes, termed Carvells. .. Wee saw a great many shell fish, or sea snailes, like those on land, having at the mouth off the shell a lump of white tough Froth like Jelly, by which it swymmeth or floateth.

OED2 sense 2b listed, no quot.case 1553 ( 1988 ) William Baldwin Beware the Cat 2nd part p. 26 Hunters .. gave me .. the fox’s whole body (except the case).

(First published 1570. Normalized spelling) OED2 sense 4a a1569case 1581 ( 1959 ) Henry Ughtred & Martin Frobisher

in The Troublesome Voyage of Captain Edward Fenton (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXIII) p. 20 The sayd Henry Ughtred ys to gyve at his charges so much yacht planke ready sawed as wyll case or sheathe the sayd shipp. OED2 cf. sense 2a 1702caseation 1653 ( 1964 ) Sir Thomas Browne Letter, Sep. 27, 1653, in The Works of Sir Thomas Browne Vol. IV p. 289 Asses or mares milk may bee used, for it containeth much whay & is unapt for caseation.

OED2 1866casern 1698 ( 1927 ) Thomas Bowrey Diary, May 31, 1698, in The Papers of Thomas Bowrey Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LVIII (reprint 1967) p. 16 All round next the Walls is Caserns for the Souldiers. At Dunkirk

OED2 dict. 1696 usage 1703cash n2 1606 ( 1943 ) Edmund Scott An Exact Discourse in The Voyage of Sir Henry Middleton to the Moluccas (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXVIII) p. 111 When cashys were cheape and ryalls deare, wee could not vent a peece of stuffe at halfe the value wee did at our first comming.

OED2 1699 (except Port. form caixa )cast iron 1543 ( 1975 ) Account in Sidney Ironworks Accounts 1541-1573(Camden 4th Ser. Vol. 15) p. 51 Receyvyd by the sayd henry for Caste Iron for the Castell

vii li ii s iiii d.OED2 1664

Castilian 1583 M. M. S. The Spanish Colonie (transl. of de las Casas) (facsimile reprint 1966) It woulde haue been worth unto the king euery yeere more then three Millions of Castillans. (p. A4 verso)

The great wedge of Golde, like unto a great loafe, weying three thousande, five hundreth Castillans. (P. B1 recto) OED2 1526 only ( for coin, not weight)castrametation 1670- 1671 ( 1683 ) Sir James TurnerPallas Armata (facsimile ed. 1968) Bk. III Ch. xx p. 285 The subject of this [chapter] is the orderly disposing and giving a due proportion of ground to every Regiment, Troop and Company of Horse and Foot, whereon to pitch their Tents, or build their Huts .., this is called Castrametation. OED2 1679castrum 1672 ( 1964 ) Sir Thomas Browne Letter, Aug. 24, 1672, in The Works of Sir Thomas Browne Vol. IV p. 374 I am glad you have been so observant as to take notice of the Roman Castrums in those parts.

OED2 1836cat 1578 ( 1589 ) Anthony Parkhurst Letter inHakluyt’s Principall Navigations ( facs. ed. 1965) p. 675 As touching the kindes of fish besides Cod, there are Herrings, Salmons, Thornebacke, Plase, or rather wee should call them Flounders, Dog fish, and another most excellent of taste called of us a Cat. In Newfoundland OED2 cat sense4b 1705; catfish 1620cat 1582 ( 1959 ) Edward Fenton Sea Journal in The Troublesome Voyage of Captain Edward Fenton (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXIII) p. 120 The Edwarde havinge brooke her Catt in fyshinge her Ancour.

OED2 sense 7 1626cat-hook 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, May 1, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 128 In waying this day we broke owr Cathooke but had duble shifte. OED2 has def. but no quot. Cat sense 7 1626, but see slip Fenton (captain of Madox’s ship) 1582catagraph 1612 ( 1953 ) William Strachey The Historie of Travell into Virginia Britania(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. No. Ser., No. CIII) I present here to your Lordship the first Catagraph or Draught .. out of my Iournall or diary bookes. (p. 3)

May this Catagraph, or Portrayture following, serve to expresse the presentement of this great king Powhatan. (p. 61) OED2 dict. only 1656catering 1775 ( 1966 ) Francis Lightfoot Lee Letter, Nov. 20, 1775 in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.2 p. 1086 Our cutters have taken two more of their caitering Vessels one loaded with wood, the other with provisions. OED2 1923catnaghene, cattagena 1620 ( 1982 ) John

Mason A Briefe Discourse of the New-found-land in Newfoundland Discovered

(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 160) p. 94 The Beastes are .. Foxes, Beauers, Catnaghenes excellent, Otteres, and a small beast like a Ferret whose excrement is Muske.

Cattagena’s and Otters, whose couerings wee preserue as fitting presents for greater persons. (Letter of N. H., in Richard Whitbourne Discourse and discovery of New-found-land 1622 (ibid. p. 205) ??caucas (caucus) 1763 ( 1961 ) John Adams Diary Feb. 1763 Adams Papers Diary and Autobiog.raphy Vol I p. 238 This day learned that the Caucas Clubb meets at certain Times in the Garret of Tom Daws.

Captn. Cunningham says they have often solicited him to go to these Caucas. First quot. is in OED2 but with spelling “corrected” by earlier editor of Diary

cazzelteer 1777 ( 1980 ) Charles HerbertJournal, May 30, 1777, in A Relic of the Revolution (1847)

p. 41 or 42, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.8 p. 880 As we were discharged yesterday, and the boat did not come for us, we were put upon what they call cazzelteer, and only draw half a pound of bread and a quart of milk. In a British Naval prison. Perhaps a phonetic spelling, but of what? OED2 lackscement-copper 1776 John Seiferth

Metallurgic Chymistry [translated from the German of C. E. Gellert by John Seiferth] p. 272 Cement-copper , so called .. is produced in Hungary and other places from springs and other waters containing a copper-solution made by nature. OED2 1881 glossarycentenier 1670- 1671 ( 1683 ) Sir James TurnerPallas Armata (facsimile ed. 1968) Bk. I Ch. ii p. 6 Cyrus .. had Myriarchs .. Chiliarchs .. and Centeniers, who were Captains of hundreds. OED2 sense 1 †1602Centurist 1611 Henry Fitz Simon The Justification and Exposition of the Divine Sacrifice of the Masse (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 108 1972) p. 255 The Centurists, and Caluin , although they doe not tearme S. Peter Antichrist, yet as they might, they calumniat his person. OED2 1636ceraceous 1687 ( 1940 ) Charles Morton

Compendium Physicae in Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XXXIII p. 55 (from 1697 transcription of 1687 ms., probably first compiled c1680) The Bodyes that refuse a Mixture with water are all fatty Subsances .. and all Cerasious, and Recinous bodyes; as bees-wax, Pitch, Tar, etc. OED2 1768chafery 1555 ( 1975 ) Building Account in Sidney Ironworks Accounts 1541-1573 (Camden 4th Ser. Vol. 15) p. 142 John Collyan for the dressyng of the chafery bellowes xx d. OED2 1663chain 1592 ( 1955 ) Ralph Lane inThe Roanoke Voyages 1584-1590 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CIV) Vol. 1 p. 230 I haue beene enformed, that in the Tyger, when Sir Richard Greenfild went to people Virginia, a Sharke cut off

the legge of one of the companie, sitting in the Chaines, and washing himselfe.OED2 sense 14b 1720

chair 1739 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman June 29, 1739 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 65 I found Mrs. Pierpont and Mr. Earl who were come up in a Chair. OED2 sense 11 1753chair ( v ) 1749 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Oct. 2 1749 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 204 Dark chairing home in the Evening.

OED2 lacks this sense (chair n sense 11 1753)chaise roulant 1690 ( 1963 ) William Fitzhugh

Letter to Nicholas Hayward, July 10, 1690 in William Fitzhugh and his Chesapeake World p.271 Discoursing also with him of the Conveniency of a Coach or Collash for this Country, he perswaded me to send for a Chaise Roulant, as he calls it which I can no other ways English, than by calling it a Running Chair. (“He” was a French emigrant) OED2 chaise 1701change 1716 ( 1972 ) John Fontaine Journal Apr. 17, 1716 p. 96 The Indian women bind their children to a board .. There is .. a piece cut out behind so that all that the child doth falls from him and he is never dirty nor never wants to be changed. OED2 sense 1e, of a baby 1922changeable 1780 ( 1975 ) Abigail Adams Letter to John Adams, May 1, 1780 in The Book of Abigail and John p.257 Send me 12 Ells of black and white striped Lutestring or changeable. OED2 sense 5a (as noun) listed undated, no quot.changing ppla. 1684 ( 1951 ) Richard Bovet

Pandaemonium , or the Devil’s Cloyster 5th Reln. p. 114 The suspected agent .. asked her to lend her a piece of small changing money. OED2 lacks this sense; change n. sense 7a 1691channel bolt 1776 ( 1972 ) Capt. W. A. Halsted Hutchinson

Letter, Sep. 19, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 903 Had the Gale continued twenty four hours longer, I will venture to assert that we should not have had a Mast standing, for both the main and fore Channel Bolts work’d out in such a manner, that I myself hauled one of the main ones out by hand.

OED2 has def., no quot.chaodical 1651 ( 1984 ) Thomas Vaughan

Lumen de Lumine in The Works of Thomas Vaughan p. 313 In the first Matter, the Divine Wisdome is collected in a Generall Chaodicall Center. OED2 1693charter (v ) 1775 ( 1968 ) Journal, North Carolina Prov. Council, Dec. 21, 1775 inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.3 p. 200Resolved That Whitmill Hill Esquire be empowered to charter one or more Vessels. OED2 no quot. 1425<>1795; sense 3 1806charter 1776 ( 1968 ) Charter party, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.3 p. 915 If the Sloop is taken or Lost, no Charter money is to be paid. OED2 sense 2d (attrib. ) 1922

chasseur 1777 ( 1986 ) Gen. Sir William Howe Letter, June 3, 1777, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol. 9 p. 11

Arrived .. the Anspach Troops, 432 german Recruits, and 51 German Chasseurs on the 3d Instant. (Probably fits def. of jaeger rather than chasseur ) OED2 1796chasseur 1777 ( 1780 ) Lieut. Gen. J. Burgoyne

A State of the expedition from Canada appendix p. xxvi The German reserve, consisting of the Brunswic chasseurs, light-infantry, and grenadiers.

OED2 1796chatterbox 1758 ( 1951 ) Col. Adam Stephen Letter, Aug. 8, 1758, in The Papers of Henry Bouquet Vol. 2 p. 342 This Moment Mr Chatter Box arrivd with the Cherokees. OED2 1774chawbuck v 1630 ( 1914 ) Peter Mundy Journal, Nov. 27, 1630, in The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. V (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 2 p. 63 One of our Caphila .. would gett a Course before, and there stand as though he were sett there for a watchman, makeinge manye of the poore people pay Jaggat for their Carts, but beinge found out, hee was soundly chawbacked. OED2, Hobson-Jobson 1682cheese 1775 ( 1966 ) Minutes, Pennsylvania Comm. of Safety, Oct. 11,1775 in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.2 p.405 4 Chests Powder10 Round Shot.. 4 Cheeses of Wadd OED2 sense5b. “Applied to various objects shaped like a cheese”1859 chevaux de frise 1775 ( 1966 ) Joseph Quincy

Letter, Oct 31, 1775 in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.2 p. 661 The People here have made Machines to be sunk in the Channel of Delaware River. Three Rowes of them are placed in the River, with large Timbers barbed with Iron. They are Frames of Timber sunk with Stone — Machines very proper, for our Channel in the Narrows. Doctr Franklin says they may be made in the form of a Chevaux de Frise and used to great advantage. These “machines,” individually and the entire barrier, were generally referred to as chevaux de frise (variously and wondrously misspelled). OED2 lacks use for underwater construction.chiaus 1581 ( 1977 ) William Harborne Letter, June 9, 1581, in S. A. SkilliterWilliam Harborne and the Trade with Turkey 1578-1582 p. 157 The chaouse.., whoe frendlie with his secretaire and drogeman retorning me, Certefied that I was under his protexion. OED2 1599, but see slip Sanderson 1594chiaus 1594 ( 1931 ) John Sanderson in The Travels of John Sanderson (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXVII) p. 82 In Constantinople ar resident:..Chahouses, that is officers or sargients belonging to his courts 1600 OED2 1599 but see slip Harborne 1581

chicha 1699 ( 1934 ) Lionel Wafer A New Voyage and Description of the Isthmus of AmericaHakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXIII (reprint 1967) p. 91 One use they put the Flower to is to mix it with Water in a Calabash, and so drink it off. .. This mixture they call Chicha, which I think signifies Maiz. They make a drink also of their Maiz, which they call Chichah-Co-pah, for Co-pah signifies Drink. (Further description of latter makes it the usual fermented chicha) OED2 1760chicken pox 1689 ( 1989 ) Jayne Methwould Letter to F. H., 5 Feb. 1689 in Papers of Francis Howard, Baron Howard of Effingham p. 404

My Deare Neeces perfect recoveryes who have both been ill of the Chicken pox. OED2 1727-38

choir 1777 ( 1980 ) inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.8 I now have a fine Choir of Under Officers many of whom do not want to leave the Ship. (Letter, Capt. William Coit, Apr. 10, 1777, p. 310)

My Council of Safety .. have therefore Appointed Seth Harding to be Capt in your Stead with a proper Choir of Officers. (Letter, Gov. Jonathan Trumbull, Apr. 11, p. 320) In the letter of dismissal, at least, certainly not a jocose usage. OED2 lacks use for group of Naval Officerschop n1 a 1571 ( 1963 ) William Bourne An Almanacke and Prognostication for three yeares .. in A Regiment for the Sea (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXXI) p. 94 The Sea doth alwayes lift the shippe vp and down, and the least chop of a sea causeth a man to committe errour. OED2 sense 8 1858chop v2 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, July 9, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 150 The wynd cam somwhat westerly .. but anon chopt into the sowth agayn. OED2 sense 6 a1642chop 1612 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain Journal, Dec. 21, 1612, in The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 239 Presentlie we chopt to an anchour all sailes standinge.

OED2 sense 8c 1633chop n5 1810 ( 1912 ) Margaret Van Horn Dwight A Journey to Ohio in 1810 p. 49 He thinks himself a gentleman of the first chop.

OED2 sense 4a 1823chopstick 1637 ( 1919 ) Peter Mundy Journal , Aug. 11, 1637, inThe Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XXIV (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 3 p. 194 Then broughtt they us some henne cutt in smalle pieces and Fresh porcke Don in like Manner, giving us Choppsticks to eat our Meat, butt wee knew not how to use them, soe imployed our Fingers. OED2 1699chorizo 1767 ( 1914 ) Isaac PereiraMendes

Letter, Apr. 10, 1767, in Commerce of Rhode Island 1726-1800 Vol. 1, p. 198The Beefs Tongues and Chorisas, all landed at Kingston, and have given

directions for the sale. Apparently shipped from Rhode Island to Jamaica. OED2 1846choyne 1684 ( 1989 ) Francis Howard Letter to P. P. Howard, 19 Feb. 1684 in Papers of Francis Howard, Baron Howard of Effingham p. 52 Haveing had a good Choyne of Beef for Dinner. ? OED2 lacks. Could this be chyne = chine ?churl 1609 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 69

The indico which was there could not be bought for lesse then 80 rials of eight the churle. OED2 lacks, but see slip Keeling 1616churl 1616 ( 1971 ) Capt. WilliamKeeling Journal, Jan. 29, 1616, in The East India Company Journals of Capt. William Keeling and Master Thomas Bonner, 1615-1617 p. 125 We recd down to Swallee 204 churles (or bales rather) of indico. Editors (Michael Strachan and Boies Penrose) footnote 182: “The churl or bundle was the unit by which indigo was sold. The weight of a churl varied between about 125 and 150 pounds. OED2 lacks, but see slip Jourdain 1609chute 1776 ( 1976 ) Maj. Charles Stuart Letter, Nov. 29, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7 p. 325 We proceeded through Hell-Gate (a place so called from a considerable chute which renders the passage very dangerous). (Hell gate is a tidal channel — no change in water level) OED2 1805chymification 1687 ( 1940 ) Charles Morton

Compendium Physicae in Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XXXIII p. 130 (from 1697 transcription of 1687 ms., probably first compiled c1680) The 2d Concoction is Chymification, (or the making of Chyme).

OED2 1826cippus c 1675 ( 1972 ) John Aubrey Observations Ch. II, in John Aubrey Three Prose Works p. 319 The soil here is a fine red sand, so that the cippus of the graves is by the wind and playing of the boyes quickly equated with the other ground. The cippus clearly marks a grave, but would seem here the mound rather than the stone. OED2 sense 2 1708circularness 1574 ( 1963 ) William Bourne A Regiment for the Sea (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXXI) p. 248 If the two shippes were a league asunder, then the water by his circulernesse shuld be .22. ynches hygher than the leuell in the middle betweene both the shippes. OED2 1662 onlycirculary 1755 John Smith The Printer’s Grammar (facsimile ed. 1965) p. 137 We shall be enabled to make Flower-pieces of oval, circulary, and angulary turns. OED2 †a1734clacker 1780 ( 1975 ) John Adams Diary, Jan. 6, 1780 in The Book of Abigail and John p.250 The company dance [the fandango], with each a pair of clackers in his or her hand. The Clackers are two Pieces of Wood, cut handsomely enough, which they have the art to rattle in their Hands to the Time of the Drum. OED2 has no 18c. quot. and do not include castanets

clam 1819 Capt. John Ross A Voyage of Discovery for the purpose of Exploring Baffins Bay p. cxxxv Description of a MACHINE for taking up Soundings from the Bottom of any Fathomable Depth; invented by Captain JOHN ROSS, His Majesty’s Ship Isabella, and called by him, A DEEP SEA CLAMM. OED2 sense 2d 1821clap 1699 ( 1981 ) Edmond Halley Journal, Dec. 6, 1698, in The Three Voyages of Edmond Halley in the Paramore (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. vol. 156) p. 146 Being near the Lat of Cape Frio I clapt upon a Wind fearing to fall to the Southards of as the wind now Stands. OED2 lacks, but cf. sense 10clarigold 1632 A. H. [Henry Hawkins]

Partheneia Sacra (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 81 1971) p. 138 The nightingal .. that hath for Lyre the litle Clarigal, or Organ of his throat. OED2 †1592 (and lacks variant)clear 1616 ( 1971 ) Thomas Bonner Journal, Apr. 23, 1616, in The East India Company Journals of Capt. William Keeling and Master Thomas Bonner, 1615-1617 p. 209 Abour 9 aclocke we had a little clere and sawe that we had brought the pointe of Sumatra est 1/2 northerly from us. OED2 sense 6a 1694clear 1621 ( 1957 ) Virginia Company Instructions to the Governor ... in The Three Charters of the Virginia Company of London (Va. 350th Anniv. Celebration Corp.) p. 125 Choice timber as clear walnutt.

OED2 Sense 20b (free of branches , knots &c.) 1642clench 1700 ( 1981 ) Edmond Halley Journal, Apr. 29, 1700, in The Three Voyages of Edmond Halley in the Paramore (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. vol. 156) p. 188 Heaving the Anchor out of the ground our Cable broke with in a Few Fathom of the Clench. OED2 Sense 2 1804clew n 1615 ( 1971 ) Capt. WilliamKeeling Journal, May 20, 1615, in The East India Company Journals of Capt. William Keeling and Master Thomas Bonner, 1615-1617 p. 76 The rope[s] of our spritt saile clewes both brake together in the night hazarding saile, yard and men. OED2 sense 7 1627clew v 1635 Capt. Luke Foxe North-west Fox or Fox from the North-west Passage(Facsimile ed. 1965) p. 199 Wee clewd up all sailes and drive a leag. in 18 houres. OED2 sense 3a a1745cliffedppla. c 1588 ( 1981 ) Map text, in Sir Francis Drake’s West Indian Voyage 1585-86 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 148) Plate III(c)

A valley between two hills, and the hills being cliffed on both sides of the said valley. OED2 1853clinchn 1618 William Cape The Chronicle and Institution of the Order of .. S. Francis(transl. of original of Marcos Da Silva) (facsimile ed. as English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 357 1977)

p. 321 On the side where the pointes of the nayle were clinched, there was such a space betweene the superiour part of the hand, and the tourned clinch of the nayle, that betweene the same one might putt in a finger. OED2 sense 1 1632clincher 1635 Capt. Luke Foxe North-west Fox or Fox from the North-west Passage(Facsimile ed. 1965) p. 43 Captaine Davis his 3. Voyage, North-west, 1587.From Dartmouth with 3 Shippes, the Elizabeth, the Sunneshine, and a Clincker called the Hellen of London. (Check if from Hakluyt or Purchas) HAKLUYT OED2 sense 6 1678clincher 1636 ( 1943 ) Hugh PetersLetter, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 3 p. 228 For the nayles at Salem there are diuers very much rusted, and so are the clinchers. OED2 sense 2 1725cloacal 1611 Henry Fitz Simon The Justification and Exposition of the Divine Sacrifice of the Masse (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 108 1972) p. 301 He was to preach the cloacal doctrine of Luther, who neuer had but deuils and excrements in his mouth.

OED2 1656 dict., 1854 usageclock v2 1625 ( 1877 ) from Purchas Pilgimes Vol. I, in The Voyages of Sir James Lancaster, Kt. to the East Indies (Hakluyt Soc. Ser. 1, No. LVI) p. 64 Their speech is wholly uttered through the throate, and they clocke with their tongues in such sort, that .. the sharpest wit among us could not learne one word of their language. Refers to Hottentots’ click, on 1591-4 voyage OED2 sense 3 no quot. 1553< >1871clogged 1783 ( 1975 ) Abigail Adams Letter to John Adams, Nov. 11, 1783 in The Book of Abigail and John p. 370 The estate is some cloged in concequence of a numerous family. OED2 clog sense 3 has an estate clogged with legacies 1647, but lacks absolute usage of ppla.closure 1686 ( 1911 ) CottonMather Diary of Cotton Mather Feb. 12, 1686 Vol. I p. 122 I had an Opportunitie, most publickly to invite men, unto such Closures with the Lord Jesus Christ, as I myself had privately been practicing for many years. OED2 sense 6 † 1668clove-board 1543 ( 1975 ) Account in Sidney Ironworks Accounts 1541-1573(Camden 4th Ser. Vol. 15) p. 55 For makinge of Shyppeborde and Clove borde lxviii s. OED2 1561club v 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, Jan. 8, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 73 We went a clubbyng owt of al howses in the town, some, abowt 400, with drome, bagpipe and other melody. OED2 cf. sense 7 1651; vbln. ( in any sense) c1645club 1739 ( 1742 ) William Stephens Mar. 2, in A Journal of the Proceedings in Georgia Vol. 1 p. 426 (facsimile reprint 1966) The Fellow resisting and struggling, and by clubbing his Piece, attempting to knock down any of them who stood most in Opposition. OED2 sense 2 1808; but see slip Greene 1777

club ( v ) 1775 ( 1976 ) Gen. Nathanael Greene Letter to Jacob Greene June 1775 in The Papers of General Nathanael Greene Vol. I p. 85

Several companies had clubbed their muskets in order to march home. See slip for clubbed 1777.Sense here is apparently figurative. OED2 sense 2 1808 (only for actual use of firearm as a club)And see slip Stephens 1738clubbed 1777 ( 1789 ) Thomas Anburey

Travels through the Interior Parts of Americain a Series of Letters (1969 facsimile ed.) Vol. I p. 330 With their arms clubbed, which is always considered to be a surrender as prisoners of war. (Dated letters appear concocted from recollections or notes, but should be reliable for usage at date)See slip for club 1775 OED2 clubbed 1724 club sense 5 1808 ( better def. would be “to hold in reversed position, for use as a club or to indicate surrender or refusal to fight.”)cluck 1632 A. H. [Henry Hawkins] Partheneia Sacra (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 81 1971) p. 174

Her yong are no sooner hatched, but she presently clucks them with her wings, least the cold or sharper ayre should hurt them.Could this be a word related to cleck and clutch 2, rather than a sense of the onomatopoeic cluck ? OED2 lacks this sense, but 1659, and perhaps 1481, quots. under sense 2 seem to match this rather than the def. given.clue-line 1590 ( 1959 ) JamesRobinson Inventory of the White Lion in English Privateering Voyages to the West Indies 1588-1595 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXI) p. 76 The fore boulinges the lyftes the clulines.

OED2 1627clump 1776 ( 1968 ) New York Gazette , May 6, 1776, in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.4 p. 1382 The Roebuck and the other Man of War came into our Road on Tuesday with two Sloops, one looks like a Bermudian Vessel, theother a Clump. ? OED2 lacksclunchfisted 1637 ( 1883 ) Thomas Morton New English Canaan p. 148 They are as proper men for feature and limbes as can be found ..longe handed they are, (I never sawe a clunchfisted Salvadge among them).

OED2 1644 (only in figurative sense)coaling 1547 ( 1975 ) Account in Sidney Ironworks Accounts 1541-1573(Camden 4th Ser. Vol. 15) p. 62 Item for the colyng of Mli lodes of coles lvii li xviii d ob. OED2 1602coating 1776 ( 1972 ) Willing, Morris & Co.

Letter , Sep. 14, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 824 We wou’d wish nearly the whole Amount to Consist of Woolen Goods fit for Winter Ware, Blankets, Cloths chiefly Coarse, Coatings, Flannels. OED2 1802cob c 1624 ( 1929 ) Grievances for consideration by Parliament, Winthrop Papers Vol. 1 p 297 Whosoeuer shall lopp or cobb, any trees or tymber trees .. shall lie in the howse of Correction, and vnder the

orders of the howse, vntill the next Justice doe remytte him. OED2 lacks. Is this literal basis for fig. v2 1847-78?cobble 1809 Capt. LemuelRoberts

Memoirs (facsimile reprint 1969) p. 16 He had gone up instead of down the river, which led him on to a severe cobble of a mountain. (Western Massachusetts)

OED2 lacks; DARE NEast “a rounded hill” 1887cobby 1582 ( 1959 ) Richard Madox Diary in The Troublesome Voyage of Captain Edward Fenton (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXIII) p. 163 Captain Ward was aboard us & had a cobbey. he catcht our lord & carried hym home & hanged hym on ye shrowds, so had we good sport. Editor (E. G. R. Taylor) footnotes “The verb ‘to cob’, or give a cobby, in nautical parlance meant ‘to strike on the buttocks.’ “ OED2 lacks, but see slip Cooke a1628 and cf. cob n8 1828cobby a 1628 ( 1926 ) John Cookein R. C. Temple The World Encompassed and Analogous Contemporary Documents p. 148 It chanced John Bruer, the trumpet, to goo aborde the Pelycane, where, for that he had bene longe absent, the company offered hym a Cobbey, amonge the whiche Mastar Dowghty .. laynge his hond on his buttoke, which perceyved of John trumpet, he began to swere wounds and blud. Date? 1580< >1628 OED2 lacks, but see slip Madox 1582 and cf. cob n8 1828cock v2 1641 ( 1942 ) Sir Simon D’Ewes The Journal of Sir Simon D’Ewes (Nov. 3, 1641) p. 74 Setting a Pistoll to his breast with the cocke upp hee gave fire but the pistoll went not offe wherupon hee coked it againe and gave fire the second time but by Gods wonderfull providence it went not offe then neither. OED2 sense 2 (I presume) 1649cock n6 1683 The Whores Rhetorick (facsimile ed. 1979) p. 158 The make of his Cloaths; the adjusting of his Sword knot and Cravat string, .. the foretop of his Peruque, and if you please, the cock or sitting of his Hat. OED2 1711cockling 1617 ( 1971 ) Capt. WilliamKeeling

Journal May 24, 1617, in The East India Company Journals of Capt. William Keeling and Master Thomas Bonner, 1615-1617 p. 166 Very much wind & a cokling sea. OED2 sense 2 1628coco 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 107

Here thei have a frute of a certaine kynd of palmes called cocus, it is bigge and yelo thei make of it wyne and it is also good to ete. (Barlow translated a Spanish book and sometimes simply anglicised Spanish words. I don’t know here)OED2 1555coco de mer 1615 ( 1971 ) Capt. WilliamKeeling

Journal, July 23, 1615, in The East India Company Journals of Capt. William Keeling and Master Thomas Bonner, 1615-1617 p. 91 The coast on the insyde of St. Lawrence from the latd of 16 to 13 is the best countrey in this world for harbours: .. much amber greece, coro du mar, gold. The editors footnote coro du mar as “coral”, but I suspect Keeling’s secretary (or the modern editors?) simply misread coco (“coral of the sea” makes no sense). Sir Thomas Roe records the same as “coker of the sea”.

Note Roe’s “The Pilott of the Iunke spake Portiguse.” OED2 lacks, but see slips Roe 1615 and Enc. Brit. 1911coco de mer 1615 ( 1899 ) Thomas . Roe Journal, July 21, 1615, in The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.I/2) (reprint 1967) p. 22 The Pilott of the Iunke, called Malim-Abrimme, spake Portiguse, and toulde me on the Sowth side of St. Lawrance ther was store of Amber greese, and Cokar of the Sea. OED2 see slips coco de mer Keeling 1615 and Enc. Brit. 1911coco de mer 1910 Encyclopedia Britannica 11th ed. V. 6, p. 631 COCO DE MER or DOUBLE COCONUT, a palm, Lodoicea Seychellarum, which is native to the Seychelles Islands. The former name is, I believe, more common than the latter. OED 2 lacks See slips Keeling 1615 and Roe 1615cocoa 1684 ( 1989 ) Francis Howard Letter to P. P. Howard, April 1684 in Papers of Francis Howard, Baron Howard of Effingham p.80 You must bring the white wrought bed and have that new lined and handsomely fitted up, with a Cocoa quilt of that Colour. OED2 1707, sense 3b (color) 1894 (chocolate as color 1771) ? or is “that colour” white, and cocoa a material? cocoon 1676 ( 1953 ) John Locke June 8, 1676, in Locke’s Travels in France p. 99 I opend a cocon of a silkworm that began to work on 3 June, and found all his work done and him turned into an aurelia. OED2 1699coffee 1615 ( 1899 ) Thomas . Roe Journal, Aug. 24, 1615, in The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.I/2) (reprint 1967) p. 32 Ther was prouided .. for drink water and Cohu, blake liquor taken as hotte as may be endured. OED2 has this quot. modified (spelled cahu ) from a 1665 edition.coherent n 1606 Barnaby Rich Faultes Faults, and nothing else but Faultes (facsimile ed. 1965) p. 31 recto Democritus, Crisippus, with the rest of their coherents .. referre the originall of the worlde to a litle Nothing. OED2 sense Ba dict. only 1598 colibri 1674 ( 1988 ) John Josselyn Two Voyages to New England p. 100, 188(1988 ed. as John Josselyn, Colonial Traveler p. 71, 130) The Colibry, Viemalin, or rising and waking Bird, an emblem of the Resurrection, and the wonder of little Birds.

Gilliflowers thrive exceedingly there and are very large, the Collibuy or humming-Bird is much pleased with them. The editor (P. J. Lindholdt) notes OED antedate and explains emblem ref.(Also numerous bird names not in OED2, discussed by editor) OED2 1740collective c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. Aiiij A nowne collectyf is yt nowne yt in the synguler numbre sygnyfyeth a multytude. OED2 sense 3a (the earliest sense) 1520

colluvies 1642 John Goodwin Anti-Cavalierisme p. 2 Facsimile in 1935 (reprinted 1965) Tracts on Liberty in the Puritan Revolution Vol. II p. 222 That Colluvies, that heap, or gathering together of the scum, and drosse, and garbage of the Land, that most accursed confederacy .. of Jesuits and Papists, and Atheists. OED2 1647colocassia (colocasia) 1694 ( 1977 ) Note (to Dr HansSloane) in The Correspondence of the Three William Byrds of Westover, Virginia p. 171 From Mr. Byrd ..There is one head of colocassia or the Aegyptian beane of Parkinson. It grows plentifully here in marshes and bears a beautiful flower about July. OED2 1829comb 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, May 19, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 134 Not so much as a boy felt any correction more than .. John Hawdle whom the master combd over for losyng his sownding lead.

OED2 cf . sense 3 1596comfortable 1819 Capt. John Ross A Voyage of Discovery for the purpose of Exploring Baffins Bay p.238 One comfortable ....... L 0 1 8 OED2 1835 (Audubon 1826)committee 1583 ( 1940 ) Articles of the Muscovy Co. in The Voyages and Colonising Enterprises of Sir Humphrey Gilbert (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXIII) ( reprint 1967) p. 365 The Comittyes [seven names]Pointes sett downe by the Comities appointed in the behalfe of the companie to conferre with Mr Carleill upon his intended discoverie and attempte in the northerne partes of America. also Comitties and Committies. OED2 sense 1b 1587 , not Muscovy equiv. of sense 2ccommittee 1604 ( 1943 ) Company Instructions in The Voyage of Sir Henry Middleton to the Moluccas (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXVIII) p. 177 A COMMISSION sett down by us, the Governour, the Deputie, and Comitties of the East India Company.

OED2 sense 1c 1681committee 1612 Robert Johnson The New Life of Virginea p. C3v Sir Thomas Dales letter to the Committies. SEE 1613 Crashawe slipTerm appears to be used (at least informally) in the Virginia as well as the East India Co. OED2 cf. sense 1c 1681 and see slip 1604committee 1776 ( 1976 ) Massachusetts Board of War

Minutes, Nov. 20, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7 p. 217 Resolv’d, That, a Committee be appointed to engage a Captain to Command said Sloop. — That Mr Gray be this Committee. (and three other one-man committees) OED2 sense 1a † 1623commode a 1685 ( 1974 ) George Etherege Letter Dec. 24, 1685, in Letters of Sir George Etherege

p. 17 [Here was a Countess of Nostitz..] Good Company met at her howse, and she had a little Ombre to entertaine ‘em. A more comode Lady, by what i heare, never kept a Bassett in London. OED2 sense 2 1722commode ( v ) 1685 ( 1989 ) Francis Howard Letter to W. Blathwayt, 6 June 1685 in Papers of Francis Howard, Baron Howard of Effingham p. 211My rent and fitting of my house to my use hath cost me over £200 this yeare, and must yet cost me more, for my family can not be commoded as the Virginia houses generally ar. OED2 cf. sense a 1658common v 1553 ( 1988 ) William Baldwin

Beware the Cat argument p. 5 It was not comical to make either speechless things to speak or brutish things to common reasonably. (First published 1570. Normalized spelling) OED2 sense 2b †1562companion n2 1742 ( 1743 ) Capt. Christopher Middleton

in A Vindication of the Conduct of Captain Christopher Middleton (facsimile reprint 1967) p. 106 The Quarter-deck to be made flush with the present main Deck, by having a slight one laid over the former, and a Companion Way thereupon made to go down into the Steerage; the former Passage thereto being not only inconvenient but very dangerous for Persons coming from below to go forwards, when the Capston is in use, as Capt. Middleton by sad Experience found, being jamm’d between the End of a Capston Bar and the Companion. OED2 companion 1762 companion-way 1840comparer 1633 ( 1894 ) Rev William Watts Appendix to Thomas James The Strange and Dangerous Voyage in The Voyages of Captain Luke Foxe and Captain Thomas James (Hakluyt Soc. 1st ser. No. LXXXIX) p. 622 Qui habet Aristotelum, habet Bibliothecam, is truer of him than of the Great Comparer.

Who was the Great Comparer, worth a library? Pliny? OED2 1645comparison c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. A verso How many degrees of comparyson ben ther? Thre .. Posityf, comparatif & superlatyf. OED2 sense 8 1530, but see 1447 quot. under superlative.compassionate v 1589 I. B. The Copy of a Letter, Lately Written by a Spanishe Gentleman .. (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 81 1971) p. 25 Beeing gouerned by a woman, your case muste be the more capable of pittie, seeing that men naturally are giuen, to compassionate that sexe. OED2 1598competency 1749 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Oct. 21, 1749 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 205 Some Competency of Turnips rais’d and cutt by ourselves. OED2 sense 2 †a1734 (mostly for abstracts)complacency 1632 A. H. [Henry Hawkins]

Partheneia Sacra (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 81 1971) p. 96 God himself takes such complacencie in the Rainebow, that when he is in the highest point of his iust choler, if he cast but his eye thervpon, he is suddenly appeased. OED2 1643

comprehensor 1632 A. H. [Henry Hawkins]Partheneia Sacra (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol.

81 1971) p. 88 Certain it is, that from the beginning of his Conception, he was truly a comprehensour; and yet in his way, and a true viatour. See the a1710 quot, and the 1660 Watson quote under viator. OED2 1653comrie 1595 ( 1940 ) Henry Roberts Lancaster his Allarums inThe Voyages of Sir James Lancaster to Brazil and the East Indies 1591-1603 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXV) p. 68 This batell finished .. our generall .. cryed out of cowardice of those baser groomes, his followers, perswading himself that, if they had stood with them, the honor of this comrie had beene theirs.

? OED2 lacks. Editor (Sir William Foster) notes the verb cumray .con v2 1606 ( 1877 ) Capt. John Knight Journal, June 14, 1606, in The Voyages of Sir James Lancaster .. and the Voyage of Captain John Knight (Hakluyt Soc. Ser. 1, No. LVI) p. 289 We cuned the ship with our ores tyll noone. .. From satordaye at noone tyll mydnyght we gyded our shipp to the westward amongst the ise with our ores. Appears to mean something like “steer carefully” rather than “direct the steering.” OED2 1626concave v a 1617 ( 1899 ) Thomas . Roe Journal in The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.I/2) (reprint 1967) p. 12 Theyr howses are but one matt concaued like an Ouen. OED2 1652concio 1740 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Oct. 28, 1740 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 85 Ministers meeting at my house. .. I deliver’d a Concio on 1 Cor. 2, 9. EP uses commonly for discourse at Ministerial Association meetings. = Concio ad clerum OED2 lacks as entry, but see under clerum and deanship and cf. concionconcord c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. Bv How many Concordes of Gramer ben there? Fyve. .. The fyrste betwene the nomynatyf case & the verbe. OED2 1530condensation 1576 ( 1940 ) Sir Humphrey Gilbert A discourse of a discoverie for a new passage to Cataia in The Voyages and Colonising Enterprises of Sir Humphrey Gilbert (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXIII) ( reprint 1967) p. 145 The Tides, and courses of the sea, are maintained by their interchangeable motions: as freash rivers are by springes, and ebbing and flowing, by rarefaction and condensation. OED2 1603conformitan 1637 ( 1943 ) Brampton Gurdon Letter, Apr. 11, 1634, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 3 p. 386 I will now informe yow of our new conformetans in this dyesses. OED2 †1622congress-water 1834 ( 1951 ) William A. Caruthers

The Kentuckian in New-York Vol. 1 v p. 82 Headache, thirst, soda and congress-water in the morning. OED2 1865; DA 1833conjugation c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800

No. 134) p. unnum. (Aiiij +8 = Aviii ?) How knowest the fyrst coniugacyon? For he hath an a long byfore the re in the infinityf mode of the actif voyce or in the imperatyf mode of the passyf voyce (as amare ). My italics for clarity OED2 a1528conjunctive c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. unnum. (Aiiij +8 = Aviii ?) How knowest the Coniuntyf mode? For he ioyneth a verbe to hym or is Joyned to a nother. And thyse wordes folowynge woll serue to the coniuntyf mode: Si quis quoque tam & licet atque priusque. OED2 1581, sense 3c 1730-6consectary 1632 T. T. The Whetstone of Reproof (facsimile ed. as English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 361 1977) preface p. a2 verso He citeth indeed greate tropes of authors in pretense of his positions, some of which are true Catholike writers, but others .. manifestly knowen to be his consectaries. OED2 lacks; not consectary (= corollary) of OED2consign 1777 ( 1780 ) Lieut. Gen. J. Burgoyne

A State of the expedition from Canada appendix p. xx

It is consigned to the New-England colonies to furnishsupplies of men and provisions.

OED2 †sense 11 (= assign) 1704 only (of a person) consignee 1775 ( 1966 ) Gen. George Washington Letter, Dec. 7, 1775 in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.2 p. 1322 James Anderson the Consignee & part owner of the ship Concord & Cargo. OED2 1789construe c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. Aiiij The comparatyf degree .. may be construed with an ablatyf case.

OED2 sense 2 1530conte (coontah) 1791 ( 1792 ) William Bartram

Trav. Carolina p. 239 ** [quot. continues] : this is prepared from the root of the China briar (Smilax pseudo-China). This and other quots. show that the cycad of the OED2 def. is only one plant (and probably not the original) from which the foodstuff was obtained.contemplator 1612 ( 1969 ) T. Abbay inProc. Virginia.. p. A2v in Jamestown Voyages under the First Charter (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. cxxxvi) p.376 If any can resolue this doubt it is .. not such mercinary contemplators, that only bedeck themselues with others plumes. OED2 sense 3 1624contingent 1757 ( 1972 ) Col. Henry Bouquet Letter, Aug. 6, 1757, in The Papers of Henry BouquetVol. 1 p. 130South Carolina beginning only to raise it’s Contingent, our Forces in this Province are very inconsiderable. OED2 sense 5b 1796

contradictoriness a 1700 ( 1866 ) Robert Calef More Wonders of the Invisible World (1866 ed. reprinted 1970) p. 117 You must be sensible of their apparent contradictoriness to the rest. OED2 1730contranitence 1687 ( 1940 ) Charles Morton

Compendium Physicae in Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XXXIII p. 47(from 1697 transcription of 1687 ms., probably first compiled c1680) Antiparistasis, (a Greek compound word, hansomly Signifying, natures Struggle, or contranitence against what dos oppos it). OED2 1731 dict., no usage quot.contretemps 1776 ( 1968 ) Gov. Josiah Martin Letter, Feb. 13, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.3 p. 1267 I appointed them a Rendezvous .. on the 15th instant: but .. I hardly believe they will appear so soon; which I shall rather think fortunate, as neither troops, or arms are yet arrived; and that there is some reason to apprehend a Contretems, from Captain Evelyn’s account of the decampment of Mr. Lee, with a body of the Rebels from Boston.

OED2 sense 2a 1802contristate v 1611 Henry Fitz Simon The Justification and Exposition of the Divine Sacrifice of the Masse (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 108 1972) p. 321 O my Defender, directer, and faithful counsellour, suffre me not to be lead into that danger by which I may at any time contristat the and much lesse be abandoned by the.

OED2 dict. 1616, usage 1626contrive 1785 ( 1959 ) Thomas Jefferson Letter to John Adams Dec. 11,1785 in The Adams-Jefferson Letters p.106 Pray contrive the enclosed letter to Colo. Monroe. It must not pass through the hands of the English post officers. OED2 Sense 7 †1701controvertist 1632 T. T. The Whetstone of Reproof (facsimile ed. as English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 361 1977) p. 358

The writings of the ancient Fathers .. are full of the same doctrine as in our Catholike Controvertists.

OED2 1655conundrum 1612 ( 1953 ) William Strachey The Historie of Travell into Virginia BritaniaHakluyt Soc. (2nd . No. CIII) p. 74 Others weare a dead ratt tyed by the taile, and such like conundrums. OED2 lacks use for an object (but cf. sense 5 1817)convention 1777 ( 1780 ) Lieut. Gen. J. Burgoyne

A State of the expedition from Canada appendix p. lxxx ---- declares his post untenable; and says, if this convention is not signed, he apprehends there will be considerable desertion.

The surrender agreement at Saratoga, referred to in OED2 earliest cit. forconvention Sense 8 b. ( 1780) is here referred to as such on the day of its adoption (Oct. 15, 1777).convention ( attrib. ) 1778 ( 1789 ) Thomas Anburey

Travels through the Interior Parts of America

in a Series of Letters (1969 facsimile ed.) Vol. II p.250 The Congress has passed a resolve, to march the Convention army from the State of Massachusets to Charlottesville, in the province of Virginia. (Dated letters appear concocted from recollections or notes, but should be reliable for usage at date) OED2 lacks attrib. use of sense 8bconventment 1691 ( 1915 ) anon A Modest and Impartial Narrative of several Grievances .. in Narratives of the Insurrections 1675-1690 p. 325 Our Lieutenant Governour and conventment were consulting for the more orderly quiet and peaceful Governing this their Majesties Province. Convention (sense 4) used for same body elsewhere in text.OED2 1547 only, with different sense.conversion 1686 ( 1906 ) Shipwrights’ Resolutions at a Navy Office conference, in Samuel Pepys Memoires Relating to the State of the Royal Navy of England (1690) (1906 ed. reprinted 1971) p. 43 The general Waniness, want of Breadth at the Top-end, and ill method of Conversion of our English Plank. OED2 sense 12 ba c1850convite n 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 142 The prestes called braminios .. dothe apoint the daie of the convite or feast. OED2 as a verb 1568cony-fish c 1625 ( 1882 ) Nathaniel Butler ? The Historye of the Bermudaes (Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXV) p. 7 Excellent fish ..the most of which being vnknowen to our more northerly parts, haue lately gotten them names, either from their shapes or conditions, as .. the delicate amber fish, from his tast and smell; angell fish; cony fish, the smale yellowe tayle, from that naturall painteinge; the great grouper, from his odde and strange gruntinge. Not the cony-fish of OED2 1721 (= burbot)?; see slip Munday 1656cony-fish 1656 ( 1936 ) Peter Mundy Journal, June 7, 1656, inThe Travels of Peter Mundy , in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXVIII) (reprint 1967) Vol.V p. 85 Conny-fish .. a smalle fish, admirably beautified with various collours, having some teeth rightt before like a conny, therefore soe named. On Ascension I. Not the cony-fish of OED2 1721 (= burbot); see slip c1630coolish 1700 ( 1981 ) Edmond Halley Journal, Jan. 19, 1700, in The Three Voyages of Edmond Halley in the Paramore (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. vol. 156) p. 155 This day the Wind being at S W b S we begin to feel it coolish.

OED2 Sense 2 1759cooperate 1775 ( 1966 ) Gen. George Washington Letter, Sep. 8, 1775 in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.2 p.46 It is to know whether, in your judgement, we cannot make a successful attack upon the Troops in Boston, coöperated by an attempt upon their Liones at Roxbury (Via intermediate published source – diaeresis is suspect) OED2 lacks participial usagecopper c 1613 ( 1881 ) Robert Fotherby? in The Voyages of William Baffin (Hakluyt Soc. 1st. Ser. No.LXIII) p. 59 This tubb

containeth as much blubber as will serue one of the coppers at one boiling.OED2 sense 3a 1667

Coptic 1650 ( 1984 ) Thomas Vaughan Magia Adamica in The Works of Thomas Vaughan p. 191 I find it onely in the Coptic Character, but our Founts wanting that Letter, I must give it to you in the Greeke.

OED2 1678Corahism 1669 Nathaniel Morton New Englands Memoriall (facsimile ed. 1937) p. 183 He [John Wilson †1667] then told them, That he divers times, and long feared these sins .. 3. Corahism. This latter he did explain thus; viz., when people rise up, as Corah, against their Ministers or Elders, as if they took much upon them, when indeed they do but Rule for Christ, and according to Christ, yet (saith he) it is nothing for a Brother to stand up and oppose without Scripture or Reason, the Doctrine and Word of the Elder, saying [I am not satisfied ] &c. OED2 1702cord 1543 ( 1975 ) Account in Sidney Ironworks Accounts 1541-1573 (Camden 4th Ser. Vol. 15) p. 58 Cordes of woodd Remaining viC. Wood was measured by the cord throughout these accounts. OED2 sense 9a 1616cordage 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 279 Some of the saylers complayned that she had not that shifte of cabling and cordage, as to the length of hir viage and greatness of hir burden was convenient. OED2 sense a (literal) 1598; sense 2 (transf. ) 1490 LATTER VERY DOUBTFULcordy 1581 ( 1963 ) William Bourne An Almanacke and Prognostication for x. yeeres .. in A Regiment for the Sea (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXXI) p. 399 If that the skie aloft bee kordy, or looke rocky, then Southerly windes and fayre weather. OED2 1611cornue 1651 ( 1984 ) Thomas Vaughan

Lumen de Lumine in The Works of Thomas Vaughan p. 344 Certaine large Furnaces, and those crown’d with Cornues of Glasse.

OED2 1672 onlycorrectress 1606 Barnaby Rich Faultes Faults, and nothing else but Faultes (facsimile ed. 1965) p. 19 recto A good conscience is the Correctresse of our affections. OED2 dict. 1611; usage 1763 corvée 1777 ( 1780 ) Lieut. Gen. J. Burgoyne

A State of the expedition from Canada appendix p. liii

There are but two modes of procuring horses and carriages for the service, supposing the country is not to furnish them upon corvées; the one is by purchasing of horses upon the account of the government, the other by contract.

(cf. p. 10 cit.)OED2 1340, then 1794 not in sense of forced requisition

corvée 1780 Lieut. Gen. J. Burgoyne

A State of the expedition from Canada p. 10

The corvées, which are detachments of provincials without arms, to repair roads, convey provisions, or any other temporary employment for the king’s service, could not be obtained in sufficient number. ( cf. quot. from appendix p. liii )

OED2 1340, then 1794 (the work, not the workers)

coshery 1553 ( 1988 ) William BaldwinBeware the Cat 1st part p. 12 I was on a night at coshery with one of Fitz

Harris’ churls. ((First published 1570. Normalized spelling) OED2 1583coss 1610 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain Journal, Oct. 17, 1610, in The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 141 Wee parted thence, and came att [an] aldea or village called Mutta, aboute seven coses from Cossaria. OED2 1616cosset ( n ) 1834 ( 1961 ) Ralph Waldo Emerson The Naturalist in Early Lectures of RWE Vol I p. 76 We are the cossets of civilization. OED2 sense 2 last quot. (exc. dict.) 1659count me in 1853 ( 1953 ) Abraham Lincoln Letter to M. Brayman, Oct. 3, 1853, in Collected works of Abraham Lincoln Vol. II p. 205

If you think fit you may “count me in”. OED2 1857courtierism 1782 ( 1975 ) John Adams Letter to Abigail Adams, July 1, 1782 in The Book of Abigail and John p. 317 I believe my Courtierism will never go any great Lengths. OED2 1834crab c 1613 ( 1881 ) Robert Fotherby? in The Voyages of William Baffin (Hakluyt Soc. 1st. Ser. No.LXIII) p. 75 There is a crab, or capstowe, sett purposelie upon the poop of the ship, from which ther discends a rope with an iron hook at the end of it, and this hook is made to take fast hould of a peice of the fatt, or blubber. OED2 sense 7 1627crab n3 c 1668 ( 1925 ) Major John Scott The Discription of Guyana in Colonising Expeditions to the West Indies and Guiana, 1623-1667 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LVI) p. 136 The Natives as well as others are strangly troubled with the Indian Pox which hath till of late yeares brake out in great plotches and Scabs, which they use to dry up with the milkey quallity of a Crabo Tree produced from the young twigs and Leaues. OED2 1769 (I presume crabo = crab )crape ( v1 ) 1774 ( 1957 ) Philip V. Fithian Journal & Letters of PVF June 24, 1774 p. 124 Her Hair .. was crap’d up, with two Rolls at each Side. OED2 1786credent n 1632 T. T. The Whetstone of Reproof

(facsimile ed. as English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 361 1977) p. 516The credents or beleeuers might receiue more ample rewardes

of their faith.OED2 sense 2b 1638

creep v 1759 ( 1973 ) James Wilson Journal, July 21, 1759, in The Journals of Ashley Bowen (1728-1813) of Marblehead (Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XLIV) p. 86

Employed creeping for our best bower anchor and cable. Normalized spellingOED2 sense 7 1813-14

creep 1776 ( 1968 ) Journal, H.M.S Scarborough, Mar. 11, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.4 p. 328 Lost a Creaper in Creaping for one of the Prizes Anchors & Cables. OED2 sense 7 1813creeper 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, May 29, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 139 Alderman Barnes thowght our generaul but a folish flattering fretting creeper. OED2 sense 1b 1589creeper 1776 ( 1972 ) Adm. Sir George Collier

Journal, Sep. 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 1523 Both Men & Women are obligd to have Galoshes over their Shoes, & at the Bottom Spikes fix’d on (which they call Creepers) to prevent them from falling on the slippery Ground. (Nova Scotia) OED2 sense 7b 1860crib 1603 ( 1929 ) * The Batchelars Banquet Ch. XIV p. 102 (orig. p. K1) He looke farre older, having bene but two yeares married with this old crib, then if he had lived ten yeares with a young wife.Editor (F. P. Wilson) glosses (after OED?) “a close-fisted old woman” , but close-fistedness is not evident in the catalogue of her faults.*Anon. Ed. doubts attrib. to Dekker (as OED2), suggests Robert Tofte. OED2 cf. sense 6 1622cricket-catcher 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox

Diary, June 27, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 148 God send me discreet and wyse governowrs as be gentilmen in deed and not such crycketcatchers as never cam wher yt grew. OED2 lacks; spider-catcher 1579crocus 1776 ( 1972 ) Maj. Gen. Philip Schuyler

Letter, Oct. 16, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 1292 I wish a Quantity of Crocus, or any other coarse Linnen, to be sent up for Sacks for the Soldiers’ Bedding and Bolsters. OED2 lacks (although 1699 quot. under sense 5 should be this)DA has extensive documentation from 1689 for crocus — a coarse cloth cross-cut 1759 ( 1994 ) Estate inventory, in “Worthy Partner” The Papers of Martha Washington p. 63 6 whipsaws and two xcut saws 4. OED2 1828 (but see slip 1776)cross-cut 1776 ( 1976 ) Receipt, Nov. 10, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7 p. 100 Four cross-cut saws. OED2 1828 (but see slip 1759)

cross-staff a 1571 ( 1963 ) William Bourne An Almanacke and Prognostication for three yeares .. in A Regiment for the Sea (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXXI) p. 88 For the taking of the altitude of the north starre, the sea men vse an instument called a balestela or a Bazoles Jacobe being a plaine crosestaffe set out with degrees. OED2 sense 2 1594cross-tree 1614 ( 1934 ) Capt. Thomas Best

Journal, Mar. 24, 1614, in The Voyage of Thomas Best to the East Indies, 1612-14 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXV) (reprint 1967) p. 84 Wee saw the shippe suncke, for the heade of the maintopmaste was 2 or 3 foote above the water .. with the crostrees and roapes on it. OED2 1626crowfoot 1574 ( 1963 ) William Bourne A Regiment for the Sea (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXXI) p. 237 At the other ende and middle [of a log-line], they haue a piece of a line which they make fast with a small thred to stande like vnto a crowfoote. This (and apparently the 1627 Smith quot. also) suggest sailors would call any device with short lines standing at an angle a crowfoot, senses 4a and 4b being specializations thereof. OED2 sense 4 1627cruent 1632 T. T. The Whetstone of Reproof (facsimile ed. as English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 361 1977) p. 516

The terrestriall substances .. ar .. conuerted in to the essence of our lordes bodie, the species or formes of the things them selues remaining with some other qualities least the receiuers should abhorre crude & cruent things.

OED2 †1541, exc. dict.crust 1635 Capt. Luke Foxe North-west Fox or Fox from the North-west Passage(Facsimile ed. 1965) p. 260 I found great store of fish playing at the crust of the water. (In Hudson Bay, apparently =simply the surface, not a film) OED2 sense 9 “The surface film of water. ?” 1653crutch 1704 ( 1927 ) Shipwright’s contract in The Papers of Thomas Bowrey Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LVIII (reprint 1967) p. 135To have four breast hooks afore and a Crutch abaft, with seaven bolts in each hook of a three Quarter bolt. OED2 sense 4b 1769crystal 1649 ( 1907 ) Edward Grimston inThe Travels of Peter Mundy , in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVII) Vol. I p. 223 Making cleane my watch, 21d. ; cristall for it, 21d. OED2 crystal sense 6 def. has “esp. the glass of a watch-case” but no quot. (crystal of a miniature 1678)cuddy 1647 ( 1947 ) Thomas PetersLetter, Feb. 17, 1647, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 5 p. 129 The Mate Cryed, Grownd, which astonished vs all, but this also proued a mistake, for the tallow on the leads bottom had lickt vp some sand and shells in the Cuddy, vnknown to the Mate. OED2 1660, but see slip Mundy 1656cuddy c 1648 ( 1898 ) William Bradford Of Plimoth Plantation p. 118 (ms. p. 59) All his men slaine, but one that kept the boat; but him

selfe gott abord very sore wounded, & they had cut off his head upon ye cudy of his boat, had not ye man reskued him with a sword. ? A boat rather than a ship, so apparently not OED2 cuddy 1660cuddyn2 1656 ( 1936 ) Peter Mundy Journal, Aug 5, 1656, inThe Travels of Peter Mundy , in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXVIII) (reprint 1967) Vol.V p. 89 All close boarded cabbins, in the cuddy and steeridge especially, were beaten and broken downe to make roome to travers the ordnance and to mannage their armes. OED2 1660, but see Peters 1647cuirass 1590 ( 1972 ) Sir Roger Williams A Brief Discourse of Warre (p. F1v) in The Works of Sir Roger Williams p. 31 They [Light Horsemen] be neuer commanded to do any exployts on men of warre, without beeing accompanied with Launtiers, or armed Pistolers, I meane Curaces on horsebacke. OED2 sense 2 1598cul-de-sac 1775 ( 1966 ) Journal, H.M.Schooner Magdalen, Nov. 23, 1775 in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.2 p. 1138 Hauled into the Cul di sac his Majesty’s Frigate Lizard.

(Appears in ship’s journals in a variety of misspellings. I presume refers to the bay on the north side of Quebec and may be the local French term) OED2 sense 2 1800culgee 1735 John Atkins A Voyage to Guinea, Brazil, & the West Indies in his Majesty’s Ships, the Swallow and Weymouth (facsimile reprint 1970) p. 65 The King’s Dress was very antick: He had a dirty red Bays Gown on , chequer’d with patch-work of other Colours, like a Jack pudding, and a Fellow to bear the Train, which was a narrow Slip of Culgee tacked to the bottom of the Gown. OED2 sense 1 † a1715cullion 1584- 1585 ( 1955 ) anon. Notes for the guidance of Raleigh and Cavendish, inThe Roanoke Voyages 1584-1590 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CIV) Vol. 1 p. 132 What maner of forte I would haue I would haue it a pentangell in this manner.. The Collionsides or ocrechchons, large and longe.

OED2 1589cunner 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, Aug. 17, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 167 Hear is great store of perch, of pergo, of mullet, of breme, of cunner. Sierra Leone OED2 1602cure (v ) 1617 ( 1971 ) John Rolfe A True Relation of the State of Virginia p. 5 Tobacco .. after a little more triall, and experience in the curing thereof. OED2 Sense 7 ( prepare a commodity for keeping) 1665curve (kerf) 1809 Capt. LemuelRoberts

Memoirs (facsimile reprint 1969) p. 12 I had many spells of cutting and resting, but before it was much more than two thirds down, cutting my curve out,... I left the tree. regional? variant of kerf? (author is New Englander) OED2 DAE lackcuss 1764 ( 1914 ) Christopher Champlin Letter, Aug. 24, 1764, in Commerce of Rhode Island 1726-1800 Vol. 1, p. 104 If you should feed

the Menawars men on such beef as that you have of Tom, you will have many a Sevear Cuss. OED2 1775, sense 1 1848cussed 1774 ( 1928 ) Nicholas Cresswell June 8, 1774, in The Journal of Nicholas Cresswell (2nd ed.) p. 22 He told me it is a Fever with some cussed physical name. (In Virginia, but NC was a newly arrived Englishman) OED2 1846, but see slip Fitch 1792cussed 1792 ( 1976 ) John Fitch Steamboat History in Autobiography of John Fitch p. 183 Our cussed pipe Boiler got such a leak we could not work the Engine any further.

OED2 1846, but see slip Cresswell 1774cut n2 1576 ( 1940 ) Sir Humphrey Gilbert A discourse of a discoverie for a new passage to Cataia in The Voyages and Colonising Enterprises of Sir Humphrey Gilbert (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXIII) ( reprint 1967) p. 143 Considering the shortnes of the Cut, from the said C. Fredo, to Island, Lappia, etc. OED2 Sense 16 1577-87; short cut 1589cut c 1584 ( 1983 ) Richard Hakluyt the elder in John BreretonA Briefe and True Relation of the Discouerie of the North Part of Virginia 2nd ed. (1602), inThe English New England Voyages 1602-1608 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 161) p. 189 These so rooted, with store of cuts vnrooted besides, placed in tubbes of earth shipped at the next voyage, to be planted in Virginia, may begin Vineyards. OED2 group V (“a piece cut off”) 1591; cutting sense 4a OED2 1664, but see slip Pelham 1635cut n2 1631 ( 1989 ) Privy Council warrant, inEnglish and Irish Settlement on the River Amazon 1550-1646 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd Ser., No. 171) p. 364 He may buy .. fowre Culverin, fower demi Culverin, twelve Saker, Twelve minion tenne ffaulcon, foure Saker-Cutts, and four Minion Cuts.

OED2 sense 31a 1672cutter 1740 ( 1742 ) William Stephens Apr. 18, in A Journal of the Proceedings in Georgia Vol. 2 p. 347 (facsimile reprint 1966) The General took his Cutter, and followed, expecting to overtake them at Anchor. OED2 1745cutting 1635 ( 1943 ) Herbert Pelham Letter, Feb. 23, 1635, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 3 p. 228 I have sent over some frute trees and some grape Cuttings. OED2 sense 4a 1664cutwater 1633 ( 1894 ) Capt. Thomas JamesThe Strange and Dangerous Voyage in The Voyages of Captain Luke Foxe and Captain Thomas James (Hakluyt Soc. 1st ser. No. LXXXIX) p. 592 The Ship being brought into Harbour, .. it was there found that all her Cut-water and Sterne were torne and beaten away. OED2 1644cyanameter (cyanometer) 1819 Capt. John

Ross A Voyage of Discovery for the purpose of Exploring Baffins Bay p. xviii A list of instruments .. Hydrometer, by Jones. Cyanameter, by ditto. OED2 1829dab 1759 ( 1914 ) Richard Oliver Letter, Jan. 11, 1759, in Commerce of Rhode Island 1726-1800 Vol. 1, p. 76 We enclose you

Sales of your 10 Hhds per .. Hooper, 10 per Coulter, 10 per Gilston .. the 10 per Hooper were almost dabs, and those by Coulter and Gilston but little better. We can’t help repeating that the general quality of your Sugars is extremely low and dark.

OED2 sense 15 1858daddle n 1783 ( 1969 ) William Williams Mr. Penrose The Journal of Penrose, Seaman p. 361 “My good fellow, give us your daddle,” said he, and shook Owen so heartily by the hand that he made him stare again. Speaker is an Irish sailor. OED2 dict. 1783; use 1812daddle 1783 ( 1969 ) William Williams Mr. Penrose The Journal of Penrose, Seaman p. 131 Our little one began to daddle about. OED2 1787 (dict. only, no usage quot.)dalke (dalk) 1701 ( 1981 ) Edmond Halley

Journal, Sep. 20, 1701, in The Three Voyages of Edmond Halley in the Paramore (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. vol. 156) p. 245 There is a small hummock B that lies to the Northward of the Cliffland A, if they appear as in the figure with a Dalke in the middle as at C, you are in line with the Sea Ourse and may be in Danger. Halley’s figure shows a notch in the skyline.

OED2 last quot. (except dial. ) 1688, and not quite this sense.damnify 1684 ( 1989 ) Francis Howard Letter to P. P. Howard, 22 Mar. 1684 in Papers of Francis Howard, Baron Howard of Effingham p.75 If you could sell yourJapan Chears it would be very well, for they will damnify a standing. OED2 sense 5 (intr. ) 1712 onlydarky 1835 ( 1968 ) William Johnson Diary, Nov. 16, 1835 in William Johnson’s Natchez Vol. I p. 76 I met Col Throckmorton with 20 Darkeys I Expect he bought them.

OED2 sense 3 1840 DA 1775dash 1636 ( 1919 ) Peter Mundy The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XXI (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 3 Pt. 1 p. 56 This fruit .. in form like an apple or peare, of a whitish coullour with a Dash of red as some of our apples. (the jambo or rose-apple) OED2 sense 5a 1713Davy Jones locker 1774 ( 1928 ) Nicholas Cresswell

Apr. 26, 1774, in The Journal of Nicholas Cresswell (2nd ed.) p. 12 “D—m my eyes” says he, “they are gone to Davy Jones’s Locker.” This is a common saying when anything goes overboard. OED2 1803day about 1794 ( 1959 ) John Adams Letter to Thomas Jefferson Nov. 21,1794 in The Adams-Jefferson Letters p.255 The first time he was driven out as a Democrat: but it is now, Day about, as they say,... and he is compelled to run as an Aristocrat. Not OED2 day about of day 19, with sense of daily alternation rather than turnabout.dead reckoning 1574 ( 1963 ) William Bourne

A Regiment for the Sea (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXXI) p. 253 To correct their deade reckning by the altitude of the Pole they must do this. OED2 1613

dead weight 1648 Bp. John Wilkins Mathematicall magick; or, the wonders that can be performed by mechanicall geometry ( in 1802 Works Vol. II p. 112) Supposing a dead weight hanging.

(spelling may be modernized to 1802)OED2 1660

deal-wine 1612 ( 1953 ) William Strachey The Historie of Travell into Virginia Britania(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd Ser., No. CIII) p. 120The Iuyce [of the prickle-peare] is sharpe and penetrable like Deale-wyne prescrybed powerfull against the stone. Editors footnote, “Deal wine is the same as spruce beer.” This does’nt seem to be excluded from any of the OED2 quots. OED2 1613, defined as “Some unidentified kind of wine, supposed to have been of Rhenish origin.”dear over 1780 ( 1975 ) Abigail Adams Letter to John Adams July 5, 1780 in The Book of Abigail and John p.264 Charley, the darling of the Neighborhood, is more deared over than all the rest. OED2 lacks combination and passive use of dear.debarrass 1788 ( 1959 ) Thomas Jefferson Letter to John Adams Dec. 5,1788 in The Adams-Jefferson Letters p.231 The court to debarrass itself of the dispute, referred these to the same Notables. OED2 1789 (also Jefferson)debonair 1813 ( 1959 ) John Adams Letter to Thomas Jefferson , Nov. 15, 1813 in The Adams-Jefferson Letters p. 398 She is observed by the Painters to have a beautiful Face, an elegant figure, a graceful Step and a debonair. OED2 sense B2 (noun ) †1748declension c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. unnum. (Aiiij +3 = Av verso?) How many declensons ben there? Fyve. OED2 sense 4 1565-78decompound c 1496 John Stanbridge

Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. Aiiij verso How many fygures ben there? thre. which, iij? Symple, Compounde & decompounde. Symple as (magnus) Compounde as (magnanimus. Decompounde as, magnanimitas. OED2 1614decoy 1638 ( 1944 ) Emmanuel Downing Letter, Oct. 22, 1638, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 4 p. 71 I shall God willing acquaynt you with the secrets of the decoye.

Whereas Emmanuell Downing, Esqr., hath brought over, at his great charges, all things fitting for takeing wild foule by way of duck coy.(Records of Mass. 1. 236, in footnote, undated but presumably same year) OED2 decoy 1625 duckoy 1679decoyv 1652 ( 1907 ) Robert Bargrave inThe Travels of Peter Mundy , in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVII) Vol. I p. 216 [In Bulgaria] I could note litle but the strange abundance of

Chattering Magpies and of scolding women to which Exercise theyr Language helps much and tis probable those mimick birds are decoyd hither by the Delight they have in the Musique. OED2 1660decrepit (n ) 1705 ( 1915 ) Thomas Mathews

TheBeginning, Progress and Conclusion of Bacon’s Rebellion in Virginia in Narratives of the Insurrections 1675-1690 p. 19 March’d out .. leaving 3 or 4 Decrepits in the Fort. OED2 1578 and dial. 1887deep v 1764 ( 1964 ) John Byron Journal, Nov. 18, 1764, in Byron’s Journal of his Circumnavigation (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd Ser., No. CXXII) p. 33

We suddenly shoaled our water from 13 to 7 fm. & presently after deeped our water from 17 to 42 fm. OED2 lacks this sensedefalcation 1586 ( 1981 ) Financial account, in Sir Francis Drake’s West Indian Voyage 1585-86 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 148) p. 55 Against the which: Abatement and defalcation . . . [for] charges susteyned and defrayed. OED2 sense 1b 1622defectious 1672 ( 1992 ) Henry More Letter, Apr. 6, 1672, in The Conway Letters p. 356 Both the Episcopall party and the Fanaticall .. are but unskillfull combatants or strangely defectious if they can not keep down Popery, by the best kind of weapons of a spirituall warfare. OED2 sense 2 ? OED2 †1630demission n1 1632 A. H. [Henry Hawkins]

Partheneia Sacra (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 81 1971) p. 12 In this GARDEN ENCLOSED are certain risings to be seen of Hils in eleuations of mind, and Valleys againe in depressions and demissions of the same mind. OED2 a1638demonstrative c 1496 John Stanbridge

Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. unnum. (Aiiij +6 = Avii ?) How knowest a Pronowne demonstratyf? For by hym is some thyng shewed.

OED2 sense 3 1520demurity 1669 Nathaniel Morton New Englands Memoriall (facsimile ed. 1937) p. 157 They [Quakers] placed their Justification upon their Patience and Suffering for their opinions, and on their righteous life, and retired demurity, and affected singularity both in word and gesture.

OED2 no quots. 1483< >1704den 1690 ( 1927 ) Shipwright’s contract in The Papers of Thomas Bowrey Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LVIII (reprint 1967) p. 88

To make a Denn in the Midships to be compleately finished with Joyners and painters worke. On a 14-ton yacht OED2 cf. sense 3b 1837deneboul-stone 1687 ( 1940 ) Charles Morton

Compendium Physicae in Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XXXIII p. 116 (from 1697 transcription of 1687 ms., probably first compiled c1680) The best [slate] is denebouls[t]one of a Greenish blew, rings like Glass, and lyes on an house hundreds of years without rotting or mouldering.

?

deponent c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. Bi verso How knowest a verbe deponent? For he hath a lettre of the passyf & sygnyficacyon of ye actyf. OED2 1528depose 1655 ( 1984 ) Thomas Vaughan

Euphrates in The Works of Thomas Vaughan p. 541 If any ordinary stone stands long but in common water, there sticks to it a certain limositie, which the water deposeth. OED2 sense 1c 1758depositary 1779 ( 1780 ) Lieut. Gen. J. Burgoyne

A State of the expedition from Canada appendix p. vii

The expeditious conveyance of provision and stores from Quebec and the several other depositaries.

OED2 Sense 2 (=depository) 1797

depravement 1613 W. Crashawe[preface to] Alexander Whitaker Goode Newes from Virginia

p. C2r The continuall calumnies and daily slanders .. flouts and mockes .. and all other discouragements and deprauements of like nature. OED2 1645despeed 1606 ( 1943 ) Edmund Scott An Exact Discourse in The Voyage of Sir Henry Middleton to the Moluccas (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXVIII) p. 148 TheHector and Susan to lode pepper and be despeeded home.

OED2 1611dewalee 1632 ( 1914 ) Peter Mundy Journal, Oct. 5, 1632, in The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. X (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 2 p. 146 Then followed Diwallee feast of the Hindooes, which lasted 7 or 8 dayes, in which tyme they doe seldome doe anythinge in Merchandizeinge. OED2 1698, Hobson-Jobson 1671dhak 1632 ( 1914 ) Peter Mundy Journal, Aug. 8, 1632, in The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. VII (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 2 p. 84 The Sort of Trees are Neeme (like to Ashe), Peeplee (like great Peare trees), Dhaca and Bhurr.

OED2 1825, Hobson -Jobson 1761dhoti 1613 ( 1900 ) John Saris Journal, Jan., 20, 1613, inThe Voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan, 1613 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.V) (reprint 1967) p. 6 Giuen him 1 pees chauter, 1 shash, 1 pes fine duttye, to 2 of the Kings men. OED2 1622 Hobson-Jobson (1985 ed.) 1609diabolist a 1700 ( 1866 ) Robert Calef More Wonders of the Invisible World (1866 ed. reprinted 1970) p. 118 That, if admitted, will seem to lay an ungainsayable foundation for thePagan, Indian, and Diabolists faith.

OED2 1895

Diana 1685 ( 1989 ) Francis Howard Letter to W. Blathwayt, 6 June 1685 in Papers of Francis Howard, Baron Howard of Effingham p. 212 Here are some few particular persons who feare if Townes should be built their

Diana would downe, and should not have oppertunity to Engrosse the Trade as now they do. OED2 sense 1c  †1681diaphanic 1612 ( 1953 ) William Strachey The Historie of Travell into Virginia Britania(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd Ser., No. CIII) p. 78 Nor haue they lynnen Cloth, .. paper, or such like to dippe in oyle to convey in as a Diaphanick body the light. OED2 1614 only; diaphanous 1614dictature 1687 ( 1974 ) George Etherege Letter Apr. 9, 1687, in Letters of Sir George Etherege p. 108 Since the Diet has been adjourn’d by reason of the holy days, the Imperiall Commission have given a Decree which was dictated in the Dictature. OED2 sense 2 1759diffuse 1585 ( 1981 ) Journal of the Leicester, Nov. 2, 1585, in Sir Francis Drake’s West Indian Voyage 1585-86 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 148) p. 129 There growes on the toppe of the hills high trees, with which the highest partes of the hills are covered, beinge so steepe, cragy, and diffuse that it semes a strange wildernes. If diffuse is predicate to trees , this is OED2 sense 2a (1711).If it’s predicate to hills, it makes no sense to me.diffusible 1776 John Seiferth Metallurgic Chymistry [translated from the German of C. E. Gellert by John Seiferth] p. 3 Earths consist of very minute, almost impalpable particles .. and are easily diffusible, but not soluble in water. OED2 1782diligence n2 1675 ( 1953 ) John Locke Dec. 20, 1675, in Locke’s Travels in France p. 4 In 7 days we came from Paris to Lyon, 100 leagues, in a coach cald the diligence for which we paid 25 crowns. OED2 1742ding (v1 ) 1677 ( 1956 ) More News from Virginia reprinted in Bacon’s Rebellion,the Contemporary News Sheets. p. 25 A man may huff, ding, and speak Atheistically.

OED2 ding sense 5c 1674 in word-list; huff and ding 1680dipsall (deep sea) 1615 ( 1899 ) Thomas . Roe

Journal, June 5, 1615, in The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.I/2) (reprint 1967) p. 6 Heaving the dipsall we had 35 fadome. (does this spelling make the deep sea etym. suspect? OED2 1626dipsey 1607 ( 1983 ) Capt. Robert Davies

Journal, in Wm. Strachey The historie of travaile into Virginia Britania (c1611) inThe English New England Voyages 1602-1608 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 161) p. 400 They threwe out the dipsing lead, and had grownd but xxty fathome & 22. fathome vponn a Banck. OED2 1626director 1574 ( 1963 ) William Bourne A Regiment for the Sea (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXXI) p. 269 The very ende of the wyer when the diall is put vp and downe may touch the hollow parte that you see cut away, which is called the Directer. Illustration makes clear that this is the fixed vertical circle of an equinoctial

dial. The sole example under OED2 sense 3a (Browne 1646) appears to be just this, and deserves a better def. than “One who or that which causes something to take a particular direction.”director 1665 ( 1964 ) Sir Thomas Browne Letter, Sept. 22, 1665, in The Works of Sir Thomas Browne Vol. IV p. 27[I am glad you have seene more cutt for the stone ..] Take good notice of their instruments, & at least make such a draught thereof, & especially of the dilator & director. OED2 sense 3c 1667disaccept 1691 ( 1915 ) William Stoughton et al.

A Narrative of the Proceedings of Sir Edmond Androsse and his Complices in Narratives of the Insurrections 1675-1690 p. 243 That the Debate and Resolution of them might be put off .., such motions were ever disaccepted. OED2 rare 1647 quot. onlydisclothe 1618 William Cape The Chronicle and Institution of the Order of .. S. Francis(transl. of original of Marcos Da Silva) (facsimile ed. as English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 357 1977) p. 67 He discloathed himselfe, and with his corde very sharpelie beate himselfe.

OED2 †1596discretion c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. Aiiij verso What nownes ben of the epycene gendre? Nownes of smal byrdes whose dyscrecion of kynde may not lyghtly be knowen. OED2 sense 1 1590 (plus c1340 quot. given [ ] as too early)disembogue c 1595 ( 1959 ) Report of Cumberland’s seventh voyage in English Privateering Voyages to the West Indies 1588-1595 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXI) p. 252 The Company .. Sett Saile, and disimbogeing the Gulfe of Bohamma came for the Islands of the Assores. OED2 1595; sense 1b (trans.) 1622 onlydisfortified 1612 Robert Johnson The New Life of Virginea p. C2v The Lord Gouernour .. arriued safely at the disfortified fort in Virginea. (The colonists had packed up and buried their arms when reinforcements arrived) OED2 lacksdisnaturalize 1618 William Cape The Chronicle and Institution of the Order of .. S. Francis(transl. of original of Marcos Da Silva) (facsimile ed. as English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 357 1977) p. 13 How necessary it is for the good and vertuous .. in a certaine sort to disnaturalize them selues, forsaking father, and mother, and worldly kinred, to become cittizens of heauen. OED2 a1704disquietment 1738 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman

The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman June 8, 1738 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 48 We had some more Discourse about the old Disquietment respecting Jason. He still goes away disquieted. EB uses frequently.

OED2 † 1689

distasted 1607 ( 1969 ) A relatyon ... written ... by a gent. of ye Colony in Jamestown Voyages under the First Charter (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. cxxxvi) p.88 The kyng Pawatah was .. somewhat Distasted with our importunity of proceeding vp further. OED2 sense 2 1651distributive c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. unnum. (Aiiij +2 = Av ?) Of after a nown substantyf, verbe substantyf, nowne partytyf, nowne distributyf, comparatyf or superlatyf is ye signe of ye genytyf case. My ital. and modified punct. for clarity OED2 1520district a 1611 Henry Fitz Simon The Justification and Exposition of the Divine Sacrifice of the Masse (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 108 1972) The holy Church hath added a district praecept, that if any Christians would be so profoundly inconsiderate, and vngrateful, as not to honour, and attend the mystical passion of Christ, .. that at least they might be moued .. not to absent them selues on holy dayes. (p. 147) I alwayes disliked the district proceeding with God according yard and inch. (p. 148) I’m not sure I understand these passages (and one with districtnessq. v.), but OED2’s equivalence to “strict” doesn’t seem to fit. There seems to be a component of “measuring out.” Does this fit the Latin origin (and the apparently uncertain etym. ofdistrict n.)?districtness 1611 Henry Fitz Simon The Justification and Exposition of the Divine Sacrifice of the Masse (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 108 1972) p. 148 Farre from this sparing districtness in deuotion, was S. Margarit Queene of Scotland, who daily besid a highe Masse, heard fiue, or six others. Unclear to me what in the preceding discussion of whether hearing parts of two masses is allowable, “this sparing ..” refers back to. OED2 1586 only; for meaning SEE Fitz Simon slip districtdividence 1607 ( 1955 ) Dobsons Drie Bobbes Ch. 1 p. 6 So prodigally hee spent, .. that if he continued this course long, it would be but a very little that would fall in diuidence to his friendes after his death. OED2 usage 1603 onlydividence 1637 ( 1943 ) Hugh Peter Letter, July 15, 1634, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 3 p. 450 Wee haue heard of a diuidence of women and children in the bay and would bee glad of a share viz; a yong woman or girle and a boy if you thinke good. OED2 †1603dock v2 1817 Amasa Delano A Narrative of Voyages and Travel in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres (facsimile ed. 1970) Ch. I p. 24 To dock spars is found to be the best mode to preserve them. Salt water is peculiarly serviceable to pine, to render it both durable an tough. Spruce spars soon rot, if they are not docked, or covered with hot tar. OED2 lacks this sense (soak in salt water?)doctor 1688 ( 1974 ) George Etherege Letter May 13, 1688, in Letters of Sir George Etherege

p. 197 It is a great pleasure not to be deceiv’d by the wrong reasoning of fools, nor to have the Doctor put upon one by the Swans in Politicks. OED2 sense 12 a1700dog-trot 1637 ( 1883 ) Thomas Morton New English Canaan p. 144 They will runne away a dogg trot untill they come to their journey end. OED2 1664doleance 1682 ( 1928 ) Robert Southwell Letter, Sep. 11, 1682, in The Petty—Southwell Correspondence (reprinted 1967) p. 102

I .. scarce know where with benefitt to expose your doleance. (sense 2)OED2 †1656

dolma 1675 ( 1893 ) Dr. John Covel Journal inEarly Voyages and Travels in the Levant (Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXXXVI) p. 262 We had several sorts of Dolmáh, which is minc’t meat stuffed into peices of gourds, or gobbeted in vine leaves or the like, and so boyl’d. OED2 dict. 1889, usage 1935donna 1650 ( 1984 ) Thomas Vaughan Magia Adamica in The Works of Thomas Vaughan p. 143 A stately Donna, who like some Queen regnant, commanded the rest of the Company. (Lady Lie in an allegory of Truth and Lie, so no obvious Italian or Spanish connotation) OED2 1670dotchin 1637 ( 1919 ) Peter Mundy The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XXVI (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 3 p. 311 I thincke a Dachein is a little stillyard, which usually China Men carry aboutt them to wey their Monies. OED2 1696, Hobson-Jobson 1684-5double 1615 ( 1934 ) in Peter Floris, his Voyage to the East Indies in the Globe 1611-1615 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXIV) (reprint 1967) p. 46 It was thoughte fitting to seeke a convenient place to have the shippe dubbled, having broughte plankes from Bantam expresly for that purpose. Editor (W. H. Moreland) points out this word reproduces dubbelen in the Dutch from which the journal was translated, but the word was used in English at least later. OED2 sense 6b 1703doubling 1698 ( 1981 ) Edmond Halley Journal, Nov. 15, 1698, in The Three Voyages of Edmond Halley in the Paramore (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. vol. 156) p. 91 Her leaks proceeded from the Spikes that brought on her dubling; and Splitt the Planks. OED2 Sense 3b 1835drabbler 1579 ( 1914 ) Capt. John Winter inNew Light on Drake (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXIV) (reprint 1967) p. 389 We weare constreaynd to make withe the sayd canvas a new mayne toppe sayle[,] a drabler for the mayne course and a bonnet for the for sayle. OED2 1592dragon’s blood 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow

A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 102 In this ilond thei gather moche blode of dracons, it is a tree called draco, it groweth upon the serres very asperous and hie.

Barlow translated a Spanish book and sometimes simply anglicised Spanish words (such as serres ). OED2 1599

dragon’s tail a 1571 ( 1963 ) William Bourne An Almanacke and Prognostication for three yeares .. in A Regiment for the Sea (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXXI) p. 41 There shalbe an Eclipes of the moone ..in the signe of Capricorne13. degres and 30. minutes within 9. degres and 46. minutes of the Dragons tayle.

OED2 sense 1 1605dragon-tree 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, Aug. 14, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 164 We went furth and fownd a dragon tree of mervelows lenth, crawling and wynding with most intricate gyres.

We fownd the great whyte dragon tree whose sap floyeth lyke mylk in the wild spurg, is just as viscows as glew and after groeth to gume. (p. 165) Sierra Leone Is this the dragon-tree of OED2 1611 ?dram v 1735 John Atkins A Voyage to Guinea, Brazil, & the West Indies in his Majesty’s Ships, the Swallow and Weymouth (facsimile reprint 1970) p. 158 The Success of a Voyage depends .. Thirdly, in dramming well with English Spirits, and conforming to the Humours of the Negroes. OED2 sense 2 1770drawl 1585 ( 1981 ) Journal of the Leicester, Nov. 19, 1585, in Sir Francis Drake’s West Indian Voyage 1585-86 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 148) p. 142 The wordes being publikly pronounced and [it being] openly knowne that my Captayne only did not agree to these oathes, he thought himselfe not a littell touched in reputation, wherefore .. he did charge him openly .. of the great abuse offered him by this his manner of Drawling. ? Defaming by innuendo? ? Doesn’t fit any sense of OED2 drawl (1597)drift 1751 John Bartram Observations .. Made by Mr. John Bartram in his Travels from Pensilvania .. (facsimile ed. 1966) p. 18

An Island .. the higher end sandy, from the drift left there by the floods.OED2 sense 10a 1839

drift net 1715 ( 1972 ) John Fontaine Journal Feb. 3, 1715 p. 62 They have also drift nets for catching of bait. (Newfoundland fishery) OED2 1848drift-wood 1606 ( 1877 ) Capt. John Knight Journal, May 25, 1606, in The Voyages of Sir James Lancaster .. and the Voyage of Captain John Knight (Hakluyt Soc. Ser. 1, No. LVI) p. 284 This forenoone we sawe much sea tange and rock weed.

This day we sawe much rockweed and drift wood. OED2 1633driller n2 1670- 1671 ( 1683 ) Sir James TurnerPallas Armata (facsimile ed. 1968) Bk. I Ch. iv p. 10 Our Modern Drillers, when they command the Macedonian counter-march, they say, By the Right or Left hand Countermarch.

OED2 sense 2a 1830

drive out 1755 John Smith The Printer’s Grammar (facsimile ed. 1965) p. 154 The foregoing Scheme .. shews, How one Letter gets in upon another in width, from Greatprimer to Brevier; and .. How one Letter drives out from another, from Brevier to Greatprimer. Apparent meaning: to set type so that the copy occupies more space. OED2 lacksdriver boom 1776 ( 1968 ) Journal, H.M.S. Isis, Apr. 23, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.4 p. 1212 Every Sail in the Ship Set, with a water Sail made out of the mizen Top gallt sail, Sett on the Driver boom. OED2 1794drogher 1777 ( 1980 ) Capt. Cornelius White Letter, May 15, 1777, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.8 p. 971 Them seas are almost alive with privateers, taking every vessell that passes without Convoy, they have even taken a number of the Passage Boats & Droggers. (West Indies)OED2 1782

dry rotten 1776 ( 1972 ) Vice Adm. Clark GaytonLetter , Sep. 3, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p.

673 I have the same Complaint of the Cordage from the Captains of His Majestys Ships under my Command who all assure me, tis dry Rotten, before tis Issu’d.

OED2 dry rot 1795; dry rotten 1818dub v2 1676 ( 1953 ) John Locke Apr. 6, 1676, in Locke’s Travels in France p. 68 Their naturall inclinations wrought so effectually that that it helped them to dance even when the dubing of the drum faild them. OED2 dub sense 2 †a1625; lacks vbln.ducape 1676 ( 1990 ) Lady Anne Clifford March 4, 1676, in The Diaries of Lady Anne Clifford p. 261 Gave him 3 yards of Ducap and a Pot of Alchermy to carry to his wife. OED2 1678dull-head 1687 ( 1940 ) Charles Morton

Compendium Physicae in Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XXXIII p. 5(from 1697 transcription of 1687 ms., probably first compiled c1680) The Physitian had need to be very expert, .. and not the Dullheads of the university who are of too loose Inclinations to be listed among the Clergy.

OED2 †1624dune 1640 ( 1925 ) Peter Mundy The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XXXII (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LV) Vol. 4 p. 65

A little beyond the towne [Harleim] are certaine Sandhills called dounes, where breed store of Cunnies, off which many are brought to Amsterdam. OED2 1790dunstone 1687 ( 1940 ) Charles Morton

Compendium Physicae in Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XXXIII p. 116 (from 1697 transcription of 1687 ms., probably first compiled c1680) The Dunstone I know is a sign of Good land, and about bath many plowed lands are all covered with them. OED2 1777

durable 1592 ( 1975 ) Thomas Cavendish The Last Voyage of Thomas Cavendish 1591-1592 p. 60(ms. p. 3 line 12) Wee .. found in the Straightes the begininge of a moste extreeme wynter not durable for Christians. OED2 sense 4 1509 only (endurable in this sense 1801)Dutch cap 1776 ( 1976 ) Indent, Nov. 19, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7 p. 212 Indent of Sundrey Slops Wanted for the Randolph Frigate .. Caps 250 Hatts or Dutch Caps 100 Not the Women’s cap (or contraceptive pessary) of OED2Ebenezer 1669 John Higginson & Thomas Thacher Foreword to Nathaniel Morton New Englands Memoriall (facsimile ed. 1937) This [book] may stand for a Monument, and be deservedly acknowledged as an Ebenezer, that Hitherto the Lord hath helped us. OED2 1693edge v1 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 284 Dyvers did request that wee myght have edged nye unto Plymmowth to take in the leiftenent and other that were a shore. OED2 sense 5 1624edgeling 1676 ( 1953 ) John Locke Feb. 3, 1676, in Locke’s Travels in France p. 26 The plates are put edgling & rest on a grate. (In manufacture of verdigris) OED2 †1611edgelong 1696 ( 1953 ) John Locke Apr. 12, 1679, in Locke’s Travels in France p. 269 The stones .. are set edgelong in the ground.

OED2 †1611egg-bird c 1625 ( 1882 ) Nathaniel Butler ? The Historye of the Bermudaes (Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXV) p. 4 [The] egge-bird ..arriueinge .. vpon the first of May, a daye constantly kept, falls a layeinge infinite store of egges, vpon certaine smale sandy ilands. OED2 1697election cake 1756 ( 1961 ) John Adams Diary May 25 [26], 1756 Adams Papers Diary and Autobiog.raphy Vol I p.29

Election Day .. I have spent all this Day at Home reading a little and eating a little Election Cake. OED2 1805electrice 1688 ( 1974 ) George Etherege Letter May 20, 1688, in Letters of Sir George Etherege p. 199 There is no other mention made of the Electrice dowager save that she was inconsolable. OED2 1695embane 1612 ( 1989 ) W. S. A Funerall Elegye line 143, facsimile in Donald W. Foster Elegy by W. S. , a Study in Attribution

Some .. haue stroue to winIustice by wrong; and sifted to imbaneMy reputation, with a witlesse sinne. Foster glosses: “sifted to embane ] searched out how to poison” OED2 1587 only

embarcadero 1704 ( 1934 ) Nathaniel Davis in A New Voyage and Description of the Isthmus of America(Lionel Wafer) Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXIII (reprint 1967) p. 159 Small Creeks, which carry us up to the Barckadeers or landing Places. OED2 1850embarge v 1581 ( 1977 ) William Harborne Letter, June 9, 1581, in S. A. SkilliterWilliam Harborne and the Trade with Turkey 1578-1582 p. 155 At their departure the Iewe costomer of that porte .. coveted to Imbarge and detaine, unto his discharge From the Great Lord his Master. OED2 1600embay 1580 ( 1963 ) William Bourne A Regiment for the Sea (3rd. ed.) (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXXI) p. 308 If they should hold on any Southerly course, then they should imbaye themselues in the maine land of America.

OED2 1600, but see Madox 1582embay 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 291 Great daunger ther was lest on the sodayn wee myght be embayed on the sholes. OED2 1600, but see Bourne 1580embonpoint 1701 ( 1977 ) William Byrd IILetter to Lady Betty Cromwell , July 27, 1701 inThe Correspondence of the Three William Byrds of Westover, Virginia p. 227 She proposd one day to Dr. Garth that she might be let bloud, he was against it on account of her enbonpoint, but thinking it not so decent to give that gross reason to a lady, he dresst it up as nicely as he could, & said that ladys inclinable to be fat like her, ought to be very cautious how they let bloud. OED2 1751embroglio 1675 ( 1893 ) Dr. John Covel Journal inEarly Voyages and Travels in the Levant (Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXXXVI) The Vizier, laughing, askt why they did not cut of his head at first? then, says he, there had been an end of all the emboglios that happen’d after. (p. 200)

The people are so zealously bent to believe the story, as I had like to have been imbroglid for disputing of it. (p. 247) OED2 n. 1750; lacks verbemergement 1670- 1671 ( 1683 ) Sir James TurnerPallas Armata (facsimile ed. 1968) Bk. III Ch. xix p. 284 The Encamping of an Army for some considerable time .. though it be not very ordinary, yet it hath been, and may be occasion’d by several accidents and emergements. OED2 a1734 onlyencounter 1585 ( 1981 ) Journal of the Leicester, Nov. 2, 1585, in Sir Francis Drake’s West Indian Voyage 1585-86 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 148) p. 129 The strength of her great beames gave such an incounter to the shott that it rebounded a pikes length from her. Encounter in all OED2 senses is a mutual occurrence, rather than resistance, as here.end for end 1582 ( 1959 ) Richard Madox Diary, Sep. 4, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582

(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 179 The Edward by neglegyns let fawl a fayr anchor and cable with a sunken boy, which being not turned on the bytts brok the stopper and ran owt end for end. OED2 end sense 19a 1627endemial 1668 ( 1964 ) Sir Thomas Browne Letter, Dec. 21, 1668, in The Works of Sir Thomas Browne Vol. IV p. 37 Some endemiall & proper diseases there may bee in those parts where you are also. OED2 1672 (Browne also)endsman 1786 ( 1959 ) John Adams Letter to Thomas Jefferson Jan. 19, 1786 in The Adams-Jefferson Letters p.116 It is but lately that the English have taken any [Sperma Coeti Whales], and they are able to take them now, only with our Skippers, Oarsmen, and Endsmen. ? OED2 lacksenergumen 1693 ( 1866 ) CottonMather Another Brand Pluckt out of the Burning in Robert Calef (1700) More Wonders of the Invisible World (1866 ed. reprinted 1970) p. 26 In token of their being Listed for the Service of the Devil, and upon their denying to do it,, they were dragoon’d with a thousand Preternatural Torments, which gave no little terror to the beholders of these unhappy Energuments. OED2 1706enfire 1592 ( 1966 ) Henry Chettle Kind-Harts Dreame in Elizabethan and Jacobean Quartosp. 9 This folly raging vniuersally, hath infired me, to write the remembrance of my deceased frends. OED2 sense 2 1596; spelling a1661 onlyengagedness 1809 Capt. LemuelRoberts

Memoirs (facsimile reprint 1969) p. 29 Being all engagedness to discover the occasion of the cannonade. OED2 † <1763ensigncy 1765 Henry Timberlake Memoirs p. 2 In the year 1758 .. a new regiment was raised .. to be commanded by the Hon. William Byrd, Esq; from whom I received an ensigncy. OED2 1767envoy 1788 ( 1991 ) David Humphrey David Humphreys’ “Life of General Washington , with GW’s “Remarks “ p.37 As improvement is known to be his passion, he receives envoys of rare seeds & results of new projects, from every quarter. OED2 lack sense of “things sent.”epaulet 1776 ( 1972 ) Continental Marine Committee

Minutes , Sep. 5, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 716 Uniform of the Marine Officers .. Silver Epaulett on the right Shoulder

OED2 1783epicene c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. Aiiij verso What nownes ben of the epycene gendre? Nownes of smal byrdes whose dyscrecion of kynde may not lyghtly be knowen. OED2 c1528eruscation 1789 Thomas Anburey

Travels through the Interior Parts of Americain a Series of Letters (1969 facsimile ed.) Vol. II p. 346 The eruscations and flashes of lightning incessantly followed each other. OED2 “Ignorantly used for CORUSCATION” 1693

escorte (escort) 1777 ( 1986 ) (David Murray) Lord Stormont Letter, Aug. 20, 1777, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol. 9 p. 580 My Instructions were to press His Excellency for immediate Departure of those Privateers without Convoy, or Escorte, of any kind. (Reporting on a conversation in French, so possibly a French word.) OED2 sense 1b 1914escritore (escritoire) 1695 ( 1963 ) William

Fitzhugh Letter to Col. Henry Hartwell, 1695 in William Fitzhugh and his Chesapeake World p. 341

Your Care & kindness .. is thankfully receiv’d about the Escritore, but I had one last year come into me according to my mind for price & goodness. OED2 1706espial a 1595 ( 1618 ) Sir Roger Williams The Actions of the Lowe Countries p. C1 in The Works of Sir Roger Williams (1972) p. 66 Count Charles Maunsfelt had with him a vigilant politicke companion, which his father ( the olde Foxe) had foysted into the seruice of the Duke D’Alua, only to aduertise him and his sonne of their proceedings. This espy-all ranne to Charles into a tennis-Court. OED2 lacks this form, and use for an individual.esplanade 1670- 1671 ( 1683 ) Sir James TurnerPallas Armata (facsimile ed. 1968) Bk. III Ch. xxv p. 329 He should destroy all the Suburbs .. by which he conceives an Enemy may be shelter’d, or make his approaches more easie. And this he should do betimes, that before an Enemies arrival all within two hundred paces of the Counterscarp, may be an Esplanad. Sense 1b seems more basic (and now anterior) to the more precise 1a. OED2 1681espouse 1618 William Cape The Chronicle and Institution of the Order of .. S. Francis(transl. of original of Marcos Da Silva) (facsimile ed. as English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 357 1977)

The saying of the Espouse: Consider me not nor do not admire that I am black, because the sunne hath taken away my collour. (p. 142)

S. Clare .. was such an Espouse of IESVS CHRIST as each one knoweth. (p. 323) OED2 sense 1 †1603estafette 1758 ( 1951 ) Gen. John Forbes Letter, June 6, 1758, in The Papers of Henry BouquetVol. 2 p. 39 The Estaffetts ought to be fixed at their different stages. OED2 1792estancia c 1595 ( 1959 ) Report of Cumberland’s seventh voyage in English Privateering Voyages to the West Indies 1588-1595 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXI) p. 249

An Eastancha is as it were a Country villadge, where the great men have their servants and Slaves to keepe their Cattle make their Cassada bread dress their Ginger and their fruites keep their Powltry and divers other services. (also East Anchour !) OED2 1704estrange 1607 ( 1955 ) Dobsons Drie Bobbes Ch. 1 p. 8 Sir Thomas not a litle estranging at the newes, beckened to

the Carremen to stay the vnloading of their cartes. OED2 cf. sense 6 1658 only (in passive)etang 1676 ( 1953 ) John Locke Mar. 24, 1676, in Locke’s Travels in France p. 61 The sea formerly washed the walls of it, but is now removed a league from the towne, & there remains only a little Estang that comes up to the walls, which is navigable only to very litle boats. OED2 1845; estang 1673 looks like it could be this also, rather than the OED2 def.ett (airt?) 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 82The wynd blowis vi monethes of the yere in one ett and vi moneths in an other. Editor (E. G. R. Taylor) footnotes airt . There’s no reason for Scoticisms or Northernisms in Barlow. OED2 lacks this form (if it’s the right word)euonimus (euonymus) 1694 ( 1977 ) Note (to Dr Han Sloane) in The Correspondence of the Three William Byrds of Westover, Virginia p. 171 From Mr. Byrd ..The euonimus with scarlett-seed-vessells grows here near water. OED2 1767evagation 1607 ( 1955 ) Dobsons Drie Bobbes Ch. 15 p. 100 For after that he was hanckeled in so great extremity, he directed letters to his vnckle, certifieing him of his lamentable case craueing pardon for all his former euagations. OED2 cf. sense 3 1638, but here more reprehensible behavior.everlasting 1735 John Atkins A Voyage to Guinea, Brazil, & the West Indies in his Majesty’s Ships, the Swallow and Weymouth (facsimile reprint 1970) p. 27 There is one Curiosity I found in theirGardens called the everlasting Flower, never fading after gathered, or indiscernably in many Years; the Herb is like Sage growing, and the Flower like Camomil. (Madeira) OED2 sense 4a 1772-84exclusionist a 1689 ( 1991 ) Sir John Reresby

Memoirs of Sir John Reresby (2nd. ed.) p. 187 My Lord Cavendish was there, and some other persons of quality, who were all of the opinion that this Parliament (consisting most of the exclusianists that were of the former Parlaments) would not last long. Refers to a dinner on Sept, 4, 1679, the year of the Exclusion bill.

OED2 sense b 1756exomphalos 1735 John Atkins A Voyage to Guinea, Brazil, & the West Indies in his Majesty’s Ships, the Swallow and Weymouth (facsimile reprint 1970) p. 49 The Men are well-limbed clean Fellows, flattish-nosed, and many with Exomphalos’s, the effect of bad Midwifry, or straining in their Infancy to walk. OED2 1754-64expect n 1595 ( 1940 ) Henry Roberts Lancaster his Allarums inThe Voyages of Sir James Lancaster to Brazil and the East Indies 1591-1603 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXV) p. 58 But contrary to our expect .. not fiftie leauges from our own coast wee lost theSalomon and the Virgine. OED2 1597expediate 1635 Capt. Luke Foxe North-west Fox or Fox from the North-west Passage

(Facsimile ed. 1965) p. 171His Maiesty .. appointing them two to expediate forward the enterprize.

Admit I come from Hambrough or the Easterne sea to expediate a Voyage. (p. 267)The book was not well edited or proofed, so these could be errors. OED2 1605,

1623 as errors for expedite.explorator 1810 ( 1951 ) John E. Caldwell A Tour through Part of Virginia p. 35 The almost exhausted strength of the explorator may here be recruited. (Visitor to caverns) OED2 cf. sense 2 1844expugnable 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 39

Calyce is a towne under the kyng of Englande so strongelie fortifyed with al engynes of warre and men of armes that it is expugnable. OED2 1570 has the opposite meaningextramission 1687 ( 1940 ) Charles Morton

Compendium Physicae in Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XXXIII p. 161 (from 1697 transcription of 1687 ms., probably first compiled c1680) The Manner of Seeing (not as it Seams to be) by Extramission or Sending forth Rayes, or Spirits from the Eye to the Object .. but by Introception (or receiving inward) of Lightsom rayes. OED2 †1673-4exult (n ) 1698 ( 1915 ) anon Loyalty Vindicated from the Reflections of a Virulent Pamphlet in Narratives of the Insurrections 1675-1690 p. 375The exults of joy, that truth and honesty will now have their turn.

OED2 lacksF 1641 ( 1925 ) Peter Mundy The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XXXIII (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LV) Vol. 4 p. 104

Hee had one Named a Barretone, itt beeing a base violl with an addition of Many wire strings, which run From end to end under the Finger board, through the F belly of the Instrument, which are to bee strucke with the thumbe of the stopping hand.

OED2 sense 1b 1836fabricate 1775 ( 1975 ) Abigail Adams Letter to John Adams Nov. 27, 1775 in The Book of Abigail and John p.113 I wish I knew what mighty things were fabricating. OED2 does not note intransitive usage, but 1796 quot. for fabricating ( ppln ) is similar. fac 1755 John Smith The Printer’s Grammar (facsimile ed. 1965) p. 120 A Fac shall not touch the letters under it. OED2 1840 onlyfacture 1567 ( 1891 ) Letter from the Russia Company to their agents in Early Voyages and travels to Russia and Persia (Hakluyt Soc. Ser. 1, No. LXXXIII p. 223 If you send vs any two copies whether it be bo[o]k, envoice or ffacture, they wounderfullie varie one from another, which herafter

must be amended. OED2 sense 3 1858 dict. “= invoice. A Fr. sense: perh. never used in Eng.”fair v 1612 ( 1881 ) John Gatonby Journal, June 20, 1612, in The Voyages of William Baffin (Hakluyt Soc. 1st. Ser. No.LXIII) p. 16 (via Churchill’s Voyages 1732)The weather faired, and our general caused our great pinnace to be made ready. OED2 sense 1b 1836fair-trader 1783 ( 1969 ) William Williams Mr. Penrose The Journal of Penrose, Seaman p. 296 “It is my opinion they are Pirates, as Nunez says the War is over some time.”“No, no,” said he, “ they are what you may call Fair Traders, and we can purchase some Flour of them.” OED2 fair trade sense1b 1774, fair-trader sense c 1884 (or 1824?)falinge 1612 ( 1953 ) William Strachey The Historie of Travell into Virginia BritaniaHakluyt Soc. (2nd . No. CIII) p. 71 The better sort vse large mantells of divers skyns, not much differing from the Irish falinges. Ed. of 1849 ed. footnotes “fallaing or falluing, Celtic for a cloak or mantle.” OED2 lacksfall 1622 Edward Waterhouse A Declaration of the State of the Colony in Virginia (facsimile ed. 1970) p. 5 The Does of their Deere .. yeeld two Fawns at a fall or birth.

OED2 sense 4 1796fall aboard 1585 ( 1981 ) Journal of the Tyger, Sep. 15, 1585, in Sir Francis Drake’s West Indian Voyage 1585-86 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 148) p. 71 The wynde beinge so badd and the shipe in travers, it hapend the Minion to fawle aborde of us.

OED2 aboard sense 2d 1604fall down 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 281 Our Anchors were wayed, and we fel down with a tyde to Cawshot. OED2 sense 85c 1598fallable 1555 ( 1975 ) Account in Sidney Ironworks Accounts 1541-1573 (Camden 4th Ser. Vol. 15) p. 195 xiiii acres fallable woode in Mr Tuftons wood at lxiii s iiii d the acre xliiii li vi s viii d. OED2 lacks a. corresponding to fall 51c; fellable 1581familistical 1638 ( 1944 ) Hugh Peter Letter, Oct. 10, 1638, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 4 p. 84 Our churches flourish, and the more so by some late familisticall errors intruded by Satan: and truly troubles we must look for on all hands. OED2 familistic 1643; familistical 1653familistical 1749 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman June 29, 1749 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 197 He desir’d [a fast] on account of his two sons .. and two Dauters likewise, who had fallen into very gross, familistical Errors.

OED2 † 1702

fancied 1651 ( 1984 ) Thomas VaughanLumen de Lumine in The Works of Thomas Vaughan

p. 305 It was fansied with white and Silver Ribbands. OED2 sense 2b 1709fare n1 1773 ( 1973 ) Ashley Bowen Journal, Apr. 4, 1773, in The Journals of Ashley Bowen (1728-1813) of Marblehead (Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XLV) p. 338

This day came in two first fare men, one well fished and one with the loss of two of her hands. Normalized spelling OED2 sense 1b †1530fatigue party 1776 ( 1972 ) Brigade Major PeterScull

Orderly book, Aug. 28, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 335The Batteau Masr is ordered to take a Fatigue-Party and proceed immediately to collect all the Oars from the different Incampmts, and places where they are scattered. OED2 1840fay 1704 ( 1927 ) Shipwright’s contract in The Papers of Thomas Bowrey Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LVIII (reprint 1967) p. 133

The Wales to be each of them seaven Inches broad and five Inches In and Out and to be faid One upon the Other. OED2 sense 4 1748fearnaught (fearnought) 1759 ( 1994 )

Invoice, Dec. 6, 1759 in “Worthy Partner” The Papers of Martha Washington p. 18 Invoice of Sundries Shipt by James Gildart .. 2 pieces Fearnaught No No 5.........................@23/ 2. 6. 0 2 pieces Do No 6..............................................@37/ 3. 14. 0 OED2 1772-84fearnought 1765 ( 1964 ) John Byron Journal, Mar. 11, 1765, in Byron’s Journal of his Circumnavigation (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd Ser., No. CXXII) p. 75 I distributed two Bales of Fearnought amongst the two Ships Crews (Officers as well) which will make them good warm jackets. OED2 1772-84fedifragy 1670- 1671 ( 1683 ) Sir James TurnerPallas Armata (facsimile ed. 1968) Bk. III Ch. xxvi p. 345 Nor did Leo the tenth, Bishop of Rome enslave himself to his promise made most solemly to the Dukes of Urbino and Ferrara : The Bloody Tenet, No Faith to be kept to Hereticks, could not excuse this fedifragy. OED2 lacks; fedifragous †1651feeting 1716 ( 1972 ) John Fontaine Journal Sep. 6, 1716 p. 106 We see when we were over the mountains the feeting of several Elks and Buffaloes and their beds. (apparently = tracks) OED2 lacksfender 1614 ( 1881 ) Robert Fotherby in The Voyages of William Baffin (Hakluyt Soc. 1st. Ser. No.LXIII) p. 81 (from Purchas Pilgrimes 1625) We .. made fenders of an old cable, which was hung ouer the ships sides to keepe the ice from piercing of her plankes. OED2 sense 2b 1626fet 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 279 They must come withyn a hundred leagwes of this place to fet a wynd to cary us unto the Cape of good Hope. OED2 = fetch sense 10b 1630

fewm 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, Aug. 14, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 164 We found dyvers fewms of oliphants in the soyl. OED2 lacks, but see fewmand 1637fial (fayal) 1687 ( 1989 ) Capt. Thomas Allen

Answer to charges in Papers of Francis Howard, Baron Howard of Effingham p. 352 No European Goods must pay Custome to your Country here but Rum, Fial, or Madera. (Editor footnotes “Fayal , a type of brandy produced by the inhabitants of the Azores island of that name.”) OED2 lacksfid 1590 ( 1959 ) Inventory of the White Lion in English Privateering Voyages to the West Indies 1588-1595 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXI) p. 77 4 fydes 4 fydhammers. OED2 1615fiddle-faddle 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, May 11, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 132 I fownd that al was nothing else but only the fydle fadle superfynes of Capten Skevingtons curiosytye. OED2 sense B (adj. ) 1617fife rail 1781 ( 1916 ) Rear Adm. Thomas

Graves Report to Admiralty, 14 Sept. 1781, Enc. A in Graves Papers p. 70 (facsimile reprint 1968) The plankshier, fife rails, blocks &c. on the quarter-deck, all shot away. OED2 1721-1800 dict., 1804 quot. This appears to be sense a, as in Smyth 1867.fight 1589 ( 1940 ) Edward Hayes In Hakluyt’s Principall Navigations in The Voyages and Colonising Enterprises of Sir Humphrey Gilbert (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXIII) ( reprint 1967) p. 409 The Frigate was prepared with her nettings & fights. OED2 sense 5 1598figure c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. Aiiij verso How many fygures ben there? thre. which, iij? Symple, Compounde & decompounde. Symple as (magnus) Compounde as (magnanimus. Decompounde as, magnanimitas. OED2 sense 22a 1669fin c 1613 ( 1881 ) Robert Fotherby? in The Voyages of William Baffin (Hakluyt Soc. 1st. Ser. No.LXIII) p. 59 His finnes (which wee call whale bone in England) doe growe, and are wholie included within his spacious mouth. OED2 sense 2d 1634finalization 1783 ( 1915 ) Wiliam Tonkin Letter, Mar. 11, 1783, in Commerce of Rhode Island 1726-1800 Vol. 2, p. 172 The finalization of my Partnership .. gives me an opportunity to address you seperately.

OED2 1952 (in sense of completion rather than termination)finicking 1842 ( 1953 ) Abraham Lincoln

“Rebecca Letter” Aug. 27, 1842, in Collected works of Abraham Lincoln Vol. I p. 295 Married women, finickin about, trying to look like galls. (satire in semiliterate rural style) OED2 1857fire-pike 1590 ( 1959 ) JamesRobinson Inventory of the White Lion in English Privateering Voyages to the West Indies 1588-1595 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXI) p. 75 3 fyer pickes. OED2 1630

fireward 1735 ( 1960 ) Benjamin Franklin In Pennsylvania Gazette Feb. 4, 1734/5 in Papers of Benjamin F ranklin Vol. 2 p. 14

In Time of Fire, they are commanded by Officers appointed by Law, called Firewards. Refers to Boston. Editor’s footnote suggests firewards were appointed there in 1712. OED2 1763firkin 1566 ( 1975 ) Account in Sidney Ironworks Accounts 1541-1573 (Camden 4th Ser. Vol. 15) 12 verkins of stele at 6 li le verkin L72–00–0 (p.227)

Coles .. spent to make lvii firkins of Steele at iii Lodes to a firkin. (p. 230)Steele .. solde by Thomas Dan xvii firkins i burden v Sheaffe di. (p. 231) Editor (D. W. Crossley) “although apparently used as a standard of measure, it is not clear what weight it represented.” Estimates of 6 cwt. or more certainly exceed the capacity of a standard firkin. Could there possibly have been a werkung that the German steelmasters used – nothing to do with the 8-9 gall. barrel? firkin 1775 ( 1846 ) Isaac SenterJournal Nov. 3, 1775 (Hist. Soc. Penna.), p. 23 (facsmile reprint 1969) The poor Canadian peasants .. served out firkin butter and hot bread. (On Arnold’s expedition in Quebec. Journal was clearly reworked before author’s death in 1799, but this looks like on-the-spot usage.) Appears to be some more specific sense than OED2firman 1612 ( 1934 ) Capt. Thomas Best

Journal, Oct. 21, 1612, in The Voyage of Thomas Best to the East Indies, 1612-14 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXV) (reprint 1967) p. 32, 33 Articles agreed upon .. to be confirmed by the Great Magolls seale and firma. (p. 32)The Governor of Amedevar hath graunted unto us to write to the Greate Magoll to have the halfe per cento abated; the answere whereof wee shall receive, togeather with the Kings firma, within the compasse of forty dayes (p. 33)

Firma in the agreement is clearly firman (as discussion in correspondence thereon demonstrates, but the preceding comment in the Journal suggests that in Best’s mind it has something to do with firma = signature. OED2 1616 Hobson-Jobson 1614firmer 1759 ( 1994 ) George Washington Invoice, in “Worthy Partner” The Papers of Martha Washington p. 90 1 dozn firmers1 Do gouges1 morticing chizzels OED2 1823fish 1582 ( 1959 ) Edward Fenton Narrative in The Troublesome Voyage of Captain Edward Fenton (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXIII) p. 106 Fished for an ancour and Cable of thedwarde Bonaventure Lost in cominge to ancour. OED2 sense 2 1655

fish v2 1582 ( 1959 ) Edward Fenton Sea Journal in The Troublesome Voyage of Captain Edward Fenton (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXIII) p. 90Tooke downe our maintopmaste and fished it. OED2 1626fish 1582 ( 1959 ) Edward Fenton Sea Journal in The Troublesome Voyage of Captain Edward Fenton (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXIII) p. 120 The Edwarde havinge brooke her Catt in fyshinge her Ancour.

OED2 sense 5d 1769fish n2 1582 ( 1959 ) Edward Fenton Narrative in The Troublesome Voyage of Captain Edward Fenton (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXIII) p. 106 Begann to frame the fishes for our mainmast. OED2 1666fish n2 and v2 1612 ( 1934 ) Capt. Thomas Best

Journal, Feb. 27, 1612 , in The Voyage of Thomas Best to the East Indies, 1612-14 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXV) (reprint 1967) Having fithed our maine yarde .. sett out maine saile againe. (p. 3)

Then did 3 or 4 of our fiches of our maine maste breake. (p. 16)

It was concluded for the better to make a newe yarde, and with the oulde to fiche our maine maste. (p. 16) After one use of fithed (which could be a transcription error), Best uniformly uses fiche. Does this support etym. from French fiche ? OED2 lacks this form.fish room 1775 ( 1966 ) Log, H.M.S. Mercury Sep. 8, 1775 inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.2 p. 54 Stowed Som of the Iron Ballast in the After hold and Fish Room. OED2 1815, dict. ref. onlyfish-gig 1582 ( 1959 ) John Walker Diary in The Troublesome Voyage of Captain Edward Fenton (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXIII) p. 203 C. Hawkins caste a fish-gigge in into hym [a crocodile] under the hynder leg.

OED2 1642fizzler 1582 ( 1959 ) Richard Madox Diary, Aug. 16, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 166 Hereon was demaunded what was a fyzeler & why privy taleberers wer called fyzelers. To this was answered that as he which fyzeleth doth stink worse then a playn farter & doth also lead many into suspition because yt is not knoen whence the fyst cometh. This is OED2 single word quot. from ms., but deserves full quot.(bunt n2 sense 2b quot. from anon. ms. can be refd. to p. 168 here also)flag-staff 1612 ( 1982 ) John Guy Journal, Nov. 8, 1612, in Newfoundland Discovered (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 160) p. 76 We call Flagstaffe Harbour, because we fownd theare the flagstaffe throwen by the savages away. Earlier “they did take our white flag with them in the Canoa.” OED2 1613flake n1 1578 ( 1935 ) Anthony Parkhurst Letter in The Original Writings & Correspondence of the Two Richard Hakluyts (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXVI) ( reprint 1967) p. 124 We shold further more, yf this land wer

inhabyted, kepe people fysshynge halfe the yere .. for ther would be saved the tyme we spend in .. makyng of flakes and other dryinge places. OED2 sense 2b 1623flake 1607 ( 1955 ) Dobsons Drie Bobbes Ch. 8 p. 63 Dobson ..stole foorth into a place where the Hens sit vpon a fleake, whither he ascended, pulling vp the ladder after him. Durham OED2 lacks this senseflake 1837 ( 1968 ) William Johnson Diary, June 1, 1837 in William Johnson’s Natchez Vol I p. 190 He was about to Flake him and did attempt to Jump the counter after him.

The old woman .. abuses me a good deal for giving Moses a Small flaking for runing and hallowing in the Street .. I whiped Bill too as he was One of the Party. (Aug. 7 p. 187) Mississippi, USA OED2 sense 6 Anglo-Irish 1841 flam 1775 ( 1976 ) Gen. Nathanael Greene General Greene’s Orders Aug. 2, 1775 in The Papers of General Nathanael Greene Vol. I p. 104There attendence will be Notified by the Beat of Drum, their [three] Rols and Nine flams. OED2 1796flame 1749 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Mar. 6, 1749 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 186 Mr. Daniel Hardy was in a Sudden Flame at my House, because I offer’d to return him a bad5/ Bill which I had took of him. OED2 lacks this sense.flank over 1857 ( 1953 ) Abraham Lincoln

Speech to Jury, Sept. 22, 1857, in Collected works of Abraham Lincoln Vol. II p. 420 How was it that the Afton, with all her power, flanked over from the channel to the short pier without moving one inch ahead? OED2 lacks combination or sense of “move sideways”flash n2 1542- 1543 ( 1975 ) Building Account in Sidney Ironworks Accounts 1541-1573(Camden 4th Ser. Vol. 15) p. 43 Item the said Jhon Adams had for rammyng of the flasshe of the fornace ii s viii d.Item the said Jhon had for digyng of the cross trenche of the said flasshe xii d.

Editor (D. W. Crossley) glosses “A wooden trough crossing a dam, bringing water to feed a water-wheel.” (p. 36) OED2 sense 13 1768-74flat 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, Apr. 1, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 100 We .. weyd anchor but the west wynd grew flat and scant so that we wer dryven ageyn to more in the same place.

OED2 sense 6c ( as “flat calm” only) 1649flat 1683 ( 1963 ) William Fitzhugh Letter to John Cooper, Mar.10,1682/3 in William Fitzhugh and his Chesapeake World p. 138

As soon as your Ship Arrives she may be taking in Tob[acc]o. her whole loading certain, the Distance the Tobo. lies at small so that two or three flatts will presently load

her, & by that means save Sloop hire. ( WF spells with single t in 1687 letter) OED2 sense C9a 1749 (But see slip for 1715 quot.)flat 1718 ( 1972 ) John Fontaine Journal Apr. 25, 1718 p. 124 Wecame as close the land as we could and stuck an oar in the mud, and tied our flat to it. (Virginia)

OED2 sense C9a 1749 (but see slip for 1683 quot.)flat (v2 ) 1809 Capt. LemuelRoberts Memoirs (facsimile reprint 1969) p. 34 As thick of pock as he could be, but all flatted, and the man extremely sick. (recounting occurence in 1776) OED2 sense 4a † <1725flat calm c 1595 ( 1899 ) Capt. Wyatt Narrative in The Voyage of Robert Dudley to the West Indies (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.III) p. 52

Between soden gustes, dertie foggs, flatt calmes, and the settinge of head seas in soe darke a night within soe straight and dangerous a passage, it gave occasion of little sleep unto our watchful Generall. OED2 sense 6c 1651flat-iron 1744 ( 1960 ) Benjamin Franklin An Account of the New Invented Pennsylvanian Fire-Places in Papers of Benjamin F ranklin Vol. 2 p. 438 You .. may boil the Tea-Kettle, warm the Flat-Irons, heat Heaters, keep warm a Dish of Victuals by setting it on the Top, &c., &c., &c.

OED2 1810flawy 1777 ( 1986 ) Abner Sanger Journal, Jan. 30, 1777, in Very Poor and of a Lo Make, The Journal of Abner Sanger p. 128

Cold, raw, squally, flawy clouds and snow from the east. New HampshireOED2 sense 2 Webster’s 1828; usage 1881

flax v 1778 ( 1986 ) Abner Sanger Journal, Mar. 18, 1778, in Very Poor and of a Lo Make, The Journal of Abner Sanger p. 189

Afternoon I go to flaxing for Israel Houghton. .. Eb Washburn comes and flaxes in afternoon after school. New Hampshire OED2 sense 2 1866; DA 1849; DARE 1839: all in fig. sense onlyfleet v1 1585 ( 1981 ) Journal of the Leicester, Oct. 17, 1585, in Sir Francis Drake’s West Indian Voyage 1585-86 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 148) p. 121 We stoke [struck?] our for saile to fleett our tyes & put out ourtopgallant saile. OED2 sense 12 1769, but see slip Middleton 1742fleet 1606 ( 1877 ) Capt. John Knight Journal, June 2, 1606, in The Voyages of Sir James Lancaster .. and the Voyage of Captain John Knight (Hakluyt Soc. Ser. 1, No. LVI) p. 286 This day we sawe manye black byrds like willocks flyinge in fleets or companys together. No obvious northern dial. in this journal. OED2 sense 2 of birds 1810; “ may be a northern pronunc. of flight.”fleet v1 1742 ( 1994 ) Capt. Christopher Middleton

Journal, May 28, 1742, in Voyages to Hudson Bay in Search of a Northwest Passage 1741-1747 Vol. I

(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. Vol. 177) p. 169 Fleeted our Rigging, tarr’d and tallow’d our lower Masts and Rigging. OED2 sense 12 1769, but see slip 1585flitch 1758 ( 1951 ) Harry Gordon Estimate for building bateaus, Sep. 20, 1758, in The Papers of Henry Bouquet Vol. 2 p. 529

Six Men in two Days turns off a Battoe 24 Feet long 1 Man to flitch Knees — 1 Sawyer for Plank. OED2 flitch n. 1823, v. 1875flitter 1553 ( 1988 ) William Baldwin Beware the Cat 2nd part p. 31 A crow .. fell down the chimney over my head, whose flittering in the fall made such a noise that .. I thought the devil had been come. (First published 1570. Normalized spelling) OED2 sense 1 1563floatation 1776 ( 1968 ) Capt. Charles Douglas

Orders, July7, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.5 p. 927 You are hereby Authorized to acquiesce in her being taken down to within two streaks of her present line of floatation. OED2 1806floe 1608 ( 1983 ) Examination of Lancelot Booker, inThe English New England Voyages 1602-1608 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 161) p. 462There hapened much fowle weather & great floes of Ise wherewith the said shipp was much endangered and hurte for as he sayethe the force of the Ice one night struck in a pece of a planck of the said shipp. ? That this is flow (especially in the plural) or is a real two century predate seem equally unlikely alternatives. And if a ship’s cooper did say “floe”, would a court clerk know how to spell it? OED2 1817 flogger 1683 The Whores Rhetorick (facsimile ed. 1979) p. 148 I will only advise thee to be extream reserved before the old Flogger;for that he is the most jealous Animal of the whole creation. Refers to an old and impotent lover, exact sense unclear. OED2 1708flood wood 1809 Capt. LemuelRoberts

Memoirs (facsimile reprint 1969) p. 16 Coming now to some flood wood, in a narrow passage, which I concluded he could not possibly pass without observing me. (Western Massachusetts)OED2 1839; DAE distinguishes wood brought down by a flood per se (1796) and the resultant mass (1822) -- latter the sense here.flood-wood 1782 ( 1986 ) Abner Sanger Journal, Aug. 24, 1782, in Very Poor and of a Lo Make, The Journal of Abner Sanger p. 433

I go to dragging old flood-wood out of the sawmill creek. New HampshireOED2 1839 CHECK DA

Florence flask 1744 William Smith A New Voyage to Guinea (facsimile ed. 1967) p. 30 They [calabashes] are shap’d like Florence Flasks. OED2 1762, but see slip Franklin 1744 Florence flask 1744 ( 1960 ) Benjamin Franklin

An Account of the New Invented Pennsylvanian Fire-Places in Papers of Benjamin F ranklin Vol. 2 p. 422 Take any clear Glass Bottle (a Florence Flask stript of the Straw is best). OED2 1762, but see slip Smith 1744flote 1581 ( 1959 ) in The Troublesome Voyage of Captain Edward Fenton (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXIII) p.8 That

which doth load one of the great caraks wylbe suffycent to lade all the flote.(concerning eight ships to be sent to the East Indies) ? OED2 lacks ?= flota

1690flotilla 1776 ( 1972 ) Commodore Charles Douglas

Letter, Oct. 10, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 1193 General Carleton did on Tuesday Evening or yesterday morning find our flotilla in readiness to go in quest of that of the Rebels. OED2 1801 first quot. for clearly non-Spanish boatsflour (v ) 1776 ( 1968 ) Gen. Benedict Arnold Letter, Jan. 11, 1776 inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.3 p. 732 There was not eight Thousand Bushells of Wheat and no Conveniency for flouring it. OED2 1828 (Webster)flower 1713 JamesWatson The History of the Art of Printing (facsimile ed. 1965)pref. p. 9 You’ll see .. a vast Variety of curiously cut Head-Pieces, Finis’s, Blooming-Letters, Fac-totum’s, Flowers, &c. OED2 sense 7 1718 (quot. under blooming-piece )flower 1755 John Smith The Printer’s Grammar (facsimile ed. 1965) p. 135 Flowers are cast to all the Regular Bodies of Letter, from Greatprimer to Nonpareil. Apparently a decorative device (not necessarily a botanic flower) cast in metal (or the printed result on the page), as opposed to head-pieces cut in wood. OED2 lacks See quot. Watson 1713flown sheet c 1613 ( 1881 ) Robert Fotherby? in The Voyages of William Baffin (Hakluyt Soc. 1st. Ser. No.LXIII) p. 59 So befriended witha fresh gale of winde that wee sailed to the north end of the iland with a flowen sheat. OED2 1625, but see slip Keeling 1617flown sheet 1617 ( 1971 ) Capt. WilliamKeeling

Journal, Apr. 3, 1617, in The East India Company Journals of Capt. William Keeling and Master Thomas Bonner, 1615-1617 p. 162 Having steered since the line to 4d: NW, and since as neere as we could lie wth a flowne sheate from WNW: to NW: and N:. OED2 1625, but see slip Fotherby c1613flummuck (flummox) 1834 ( 1951 ) William A.

Caruthers The Kentuckian in New-York Vol . I ii p. 29Flummuck me if I ever want to be so fixed again. OED2 1837fluss 1776 John Seiferth Metallurgic Chymistry [translated from the German of C. E. Gellert by John Seiferth] p. 194 The remainder constitutes an alcaline salt, partly from the saltpetre, partly from the tartar, which, in the art of assaying has the name of white-fluss.

If to one part of nitre, two, or even three, parts of tartar are taken, .. it is of a black colour, and then called the black-fluss. OED2 † rare 1683 onlyflutter 1726 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman July 8, 1726 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 14 I was in a flutter and could write but four lines.

OED2 sense 2a 1742

fly-away 1774 ( 1939 ) Janet Schaw The Journal of a Lady of Quality (3rd ed.) p. 60 We could only observe a thing resembling a great black cloud. The Captain swore that he believed after all it was only Cape Fly Away. OED2 sense Bb 1867 dict., no usage quot.fly-land 1635 Capt. Luke Foxe North-west Fox or Fox from the North-west Passage(Facsimile ed. 1965) p. 187

This morning the Sun shewed himselfe, through Fly-land, and the Southwind drave away the vapours, which fully satisfied our mistaking of land the last evening.

OED2 lacks, but cf. fly-away sense Bb 1867flyer 1776 ( 1968 ) Comm. of Secret Corr. Cont. Congress Orders, July7, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.5 p. 1015 We expect the Dispatch will be a Flyer. OED2 sense 2a 1795flying fox 1655 ( 1936 ) Peter Mundy Journal, Nov. 3, 1655, inThe Travels of Peter Mundy , in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXVIII) (reprint 1967) Vol.V p. 59 Here are allso very large battes, as in most parts of India.. The forepart hath the shape and collour, and the whole body the strong sentt of a fox, so that they may rather bee termed (and not unfitly) flying foxes. OED2 1759fog-bank 1635 Capt. Luke Foxe North-west Fox or Fox from the North-west Passage(Facsimile ed. 1965) p. 72 He put forth for Groenland, and thought he saw land, but it prooved a fog banke. Pricket’s account of Hudson’s last voyage Check source)

OED2 1659foot 1777 ( 1976 ) Bartholomew JamesBoston Independent Chronicle , Jan. 23, 1777, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7 p. 1024 She is entirely loaded with English Goods of all Kinds, the Foot of her Invoice is upwards of 40,000 l. sterling. OED2 sense 21a †1712forced a 1595 ( 1618 ) Sir Roger Williams The Actions of the Lowe Countries p. I1 in The Works of Sir Roger Williams (1972) p. 102 They thought good to mounte certaine Culverings on a forced hilI (I meane made with mens hands). OED2 sense 4 1622fore-foot 1617 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain Journal, May 14, 1617, in The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 346 We had sight of two sailes to the windeward of us, standinge with our forefoot. OED2 sense 2 1644forefoot 1582 ( 1959 ) Edward Fenton Sea Journal in The Troublesome Voyage of Captain Edward Fenton (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXIII) p.119 Had some conference towching our goinge through the Straights of Magalan, seing we understoode of the Spanishe fleet beinge there .. aswell to supplie our wantes as to forefoote all such messengers as happelie they might sende into the Sowth sea to intelligence of our cominge thither. OED2 lacks (= forestall in some sense?)

forge-man 1555 ( 1975 ) Building Account in Sidney Ironworks Accounts 1541-1573 (Camden 4th Ser. Vol. 15) p. 146 Payd to the forgemen for the new makyng of a horste for to hold the homer helve in the forge v s. OED2 1621former 1593 ( 1959 ) Appraisement of the Golden Dragon in English Privateering Voyages to the West Indies 1588-1595 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXI) p. 231 xxiiij old latten cartradges & v formers of wood xxs

OED2 1644foujdar 1631 ( 1914 ) Peter Mundy Journal in The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. VII (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 2 p. 73 A Fousedarre is a Captaine of 2 or 3000 horse with 5 or 6000 foote, more or lesse accordinge to the place where hee is sent, appoynted of purpose to keepe that part of the Countrey quiet. OED2, Hobson-Jobson 1683foul 1606 ( 1969 ) Examination concerning damage to the Susan Constant in Jamestown Voyages under theFirst Charter (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. cxxxvi) p. 59 The said shippes were foule one of the other.

OED2 sense 18 1627foumart 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, Feb. 22, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 88 We went to the theater to se a scurvie play set owt al by one virgin which ther proved a fyemarten with owt voice so that we stayd not the matter. OED2 lacks this variant ( if this is foumart sense 1b)found (ppl. a ) 1776 ( 1976 ) Providence Gazette, Nov. 2, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7 p. 18

Will be sold .. the Ship Belle Burthen 300 Tons, well found; together with her Cargo. OED2 sense 2 1793founday 1547 ( 1975 ) Account in Sidney Ironworks Accounts 1541-1573(Camden 4th Ser. Vol. 15) p. 62 Payd to the founder and filler for (blank ) foundes and (blank ) dayes at xiii s the foundy and iis iii d the day .. xl li xiiii s viii d.

Peter the fownder for iiii foundeis and v dais endyd the xxiiith of January xxxii s. ( 1550, p. 92) xvi foundies wherin is cast comonlie one foundie with another viii Tonne ( 1568, p. 246) OED2 1674 onlyfount n2 1650 ( 1984 ) Thomas Vaughan Magia Adamica in The Works of Thomas Vaughan p. 191 I find it onely in the Coptic Character, but our Founts wanting that Letter, I must give it to you in the Greeke.

OED2 1683fox-fire 1775 ( 1966 ) Dr. Benjamin Gale Letter, Nov. 9, 1775 in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.2 p.955 In the barometer and on the needles of the compass is fixed fox-fire, i.e. wood that gives light in the dark. (David Bushnell’s submarine) OED2 no quot. between 1483 and 1824

franion 1553 ( 1988 ) William BaldwinBeware the Cat 3rd part p. 50 She and her franion had broke their fast with

capons, hot venison, marrow bones, and all other kinds of dainties. (First published 1570. Normalized spelling) OED2 1571fraulein 1686 ( 1974 ) George Etherege Letter Apr. 29, 1686, in Letters of Sir George Etherege p. 17 Now sparkling in the Frawleins hair. ** Quot. in OED2 with corrected spelling and dated a1689 free 1612 ( 1969 ) Proc. Virginia.. p. 30 in Jamestown Voyages under the First Charter (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. cxxxvi) p. 401

With great labour wee kept her from sinking by freeing out the water.OED2 1627

free-trader 1638 ( 1919 ) Peter Mundy The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XXVII (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 3 p. 337 Here came in alsoe a Dutch vessell, a Freetrader likewise.

OED2 1698freestone 1687 ( 1940 ) Charles Morton

Compendium Physicae in Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XXXIII p. 116 (from 1697 transcription of 1687 ms., probably first compiled c1680) There is a rough [slate] of freet stone body Commonly Used for Covering about Oxford.Lump stones that Split not thin but break any way; such are the Spar, flint, freet stone.Morestone .. Shaped handsomly by the peck: as freet stone by the Chyzall.

? OED2 lacks t -variant (which seems phonologically unlikely if the original word really was free )freighter 1617 ( 1907 ) Levant Company Court book, June 25, 1617, inThe Travels of Peter Mundy in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVII) Vol. I p. 168 Towardes her charges of demourage in staying there the fraighters shall paie to the owners of the said shipp over and above the fraight agreed upon by the Charter party 10 s. OED2 1622, but see slip 1602 (file OED97)French leave 1671 ( 1992 ) Henry More Letter, July 14, 1671, in The Conway Letters p. 339 I remember the French fashion was at Paris when I was there with your Ladiship, to slinke out of the Roome taking no leave and therefore giving no disturbance. Quot. deserves a place in [ ]. OED2 1771French work 1677 ( 1915 ) John Berry & Francis Morrison A True Narrative of the Rise, Progresse, and Cessation of the Late Rebellion in Virginia in Narratives of the Insurrections 1675-1690 p. 131 Bacon .. orders a French worke to be cast up. All this night was spent in falling of Trees, Cutting of Bushes and throwing up Earth, that by the help of the moone light they had made their French before day. OED2 lacksfret n2 1630 ( 1931 ) John Winthrop Misc note in Journal, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 2 . p. 279 for making Saltpeter, ..

Let it boyl a frett, vntill the liquor be again able to congeale. OED2 apparently sense 5 1664fribble 1774 ( 1957 ) Philip V. Fithian

Journal & Letters of PVF Sep. 20, 1774 p. 193 Among the many womanish Fribbles which our little Missesdaily practice. OED2 sense 2 1832frigate 1708 ( 1891 ) A New Voyage to the East-Indies by Francis Legaut and his Companions in The Voyage of Francois Legaut (Hakluyt Soc. Ser. 1, No. LXXXII Vol. 1 p. 83 The Frigat is blackish, and about the bigness of a Duck. OED2 sense 3 1738friscal 1650 ( 1984 ) Thomas Vaughan The Man-Mouse in The Works of Thomas Vaughan p. 241 Come about again Jack-ape, you must show me another friscal. OED2 †1622 frisk 1651 ( 1984 ) Thomas Vaughan The Second Wash in The Works of Thomas Vaughan p. 396 Once more you fall to your Friscks. OED2 sense 2 1665frith 1565 ( 1891 ) Anthony Jenkinson Letter in Early Voyages and Travels to Russia and Persia (Hakluyt Soc. Ser. 1, No. LXXXIII p. 168 Passing by Holly Iland, toward the fryth, in one of the quenes Maiesties shipps, .. I have thought yt good to advertyze your Lordship of my arryvall .. meaning to lye of and on betwyxt Holy Iland and the mowth of the sayd fryth. OED2 1600frizzle ( v2 ) 1836 Capt. George Back Narrative of the Arctic Land Expedition p. 91 The successful hunters .. lounging on their elbows, to watch the frizzling of a rich marrow bone. OED2 1839frost-smoke 1748 Henry Ellis A Voyage to Hudsons Bay by the Dobbs Galley and California (facsimile ed. 1967) p. 172 In the Winter, there arises a very thick Vapour, commonly called Frost Smoak ; this Vapour Freezing is driven by the Wind in the Form we see it. OED2 1774frowzled 1774 ( 1957 ) Philip V. Fithian

Journal & Letters of PVF Aug. 24, 1774 p. 177 He is the other in a frowsled Wig. OED2 1808fugue 1632 A. H. [Henry Hawkins] Partheneia Sacra (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 81 1971) p. 146

Now seeme you to heare a Tenour voice, then a Counter, & a Counter-alt following and chasing one another with certain fugnes [sic with inverted letter].

OED2 fuge 1597, modern form 1667fulmineous 1665 ( 1964 ) Sir Thomas Browne

Account of a Thunderstorm in The Works of Sir Thomas Browne Vol. III p. 240The like fulmineous fire kild a man in Erpingham church by Aylisham.OED2 1727

fumigate 1777 ( 1980 ) Lds. Commr. AdmiraltySailing orders, May 2, 1777, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution

Vol.8 p. 811So soon as the Ship you command shall have been fumigated & be in other respects in a proper condition for the Sea. OED2 sense 1 1781

funky 1774 ( 1957 ) Philip V. Fithian Journal & Letters of PVF July 4, 1774 p. 129 The weather is warm, funky, very damp.

OED2 1784 not quite in this sense.fur (or furred) 1594 ( 1959 ) John YongeDeposition in English Privateering Voyages to the West Indies 1588-1595 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXI) p. 255 The said French shippe was furred on the sides with planckes from the stem before till within two yardes of the sterne. OED2 lacks sense of v. or ppl. corresponding to furring sense 3a 1622fustic-wood 1618 ( 1989 ) Customs book, Dartmouth, inEnglish and Irish Settlement on the River Amazon 1550-1646 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd Ser., No. 171) p. 189 Viginti tres ends fusticke wood il os od.

OED2 sense 3 1630gain n3 1612 ( 1953 ) William Strachey The Historie of Travell into Virginia BritaniaHakluyt Soc. (2nd. Ser., No. CIII) p. 78 Howses .. like gardein arbours .. made yet handsomely enough, though without strength or gaynes. ? OED2 n3 sense 2a 1848. Editors of 1st (1849) & 2nd Hakluyt ed. think so.gain (n3 ) 1755 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Nov. 7, 1755 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 297 Mr. Zebulon Rice hews Sleepers -- and Mr. Eleazar Pratt Sets em into the Gains. SEE SLIP STRACHEY 1612 OED2 sense 2a 1848gall 1581 ( 1963 ) William Bourne An Almanacke and Prognostication for x. yeeres .. in A Regiment for the Sea (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXXI) p. 400 If there bee any galles or peeces of circles neere the Sunne, it betokeneth no good weather. OED2 haswater-gall 1594, weather-gall 1613-35, wind-gall 1823, but lacks simple gall.gallomany (gallomania) 1812 ( 1959 ) Thomas

Jefferson Letter to John Adams, June 28, 1812 in The Adams-Jefferson Letters p.308 Compleat emancipation from Anglomany, Gallomany, and all the manias of demoralized Europe. OED2 gallomania 1877 gallomaniac 1819gallooned 1698 ( 1963 ) William Fitzhugh Letter to John Cooper, July 26, 1698 in William Fitzhugh and his Chesapeake World p. 367

A pair women’s gallooned shoes. OED2 1831gallows 1704 ( 1927 ) Shipwright’s contract in The Papers of Thomas Bowrey Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LVIII (reprint 1967) p. 133To fix a Capstern and Gallows at the forcastle and main Mast.

OED2 sense 5b 1769gam v 1851- 1852 ( 1981 ) Herman Melville Annotations photographically reproduced in T. F. Heffernan Stove by a Whale p. 190We spoke another Nantucket craft and gammed with her. OED2 sense 2 1890 (gamming Melville 1851)

gammoning 1776 ( 1968 ) Journal, H.M.S Syren, Mar. 9, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.4 p. 304

The Gammoning of the Bowsprit being gone employed securing it. OED2 1833gammot 1612 ( 1953 ) William Strachey The Historie of Travell into Virginia Britania(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd Ser., No. CIII) p. 108A knife (made with the Splinter of a Reed which he will make as sharpe as a Surgeons Gammot). OED2 1585 only (exc. dict.)ganch 1600 ( 1931 ) John Sanderson Letter in The Travels of John Sanderson (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXVII) p. 191 We have seene the trator Ussine Bassa upon the gaunch .. having one of his armes and a legge broke, and carried bound to a crosse of wood with two candles burning in the flech of his shoulders. OED2 1625-6ganja c 1685 ( 1905 ) Thomas Bowrey A Geographical Account of the Countries Round the Bay of Bengal (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XII) (reprint 1967) p. 77 Gangah is brought from the Island Sumatra and is oftentimes Sold here [Coromandel] at Very high rates. It is a thing that resembleth hemp Seed and groweth after the Same mannar. OED2 1800garbler 1582 ( 1959 ) in The Troublesome Voyage of Captain Edward Fenton (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXIII) p. 34 Those that are appointed to go in the shipps besyde the Marrinors..a JewilerA GarblerA distillor of freshe water OED2 1592garboard 1612 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain Journal, Nov. 20, 1612, in The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 237 The seelinge of the shipp broken upp to finde where the water came in, which was neere the garbar streeke in the starne shuttes.

OED2 1626garrigue 1677 ( 1953 ) John Locke Feb. 26, 1677, in Locke’s Travels in France p. 125 Between Zizian and Pezenas the ground much broken into irregular scatterd hills and full of Garigues, i.e. uncultivated ground with trees nothing but ilex coccifera, rosmary, lavender & some such uselesse plants among stones. OED2 1896Garrisonian (sb2 ) 1855 Dr. James M’Cune

Smith (Introduction to) Frederick Douglass My Bondage and my Freedom 1994 Library of America ed. p. 128 He fell among the Garrisonians ---a glorious waif to those most ardent reformers. OED II 1863, DA 1844 as adj.gas ( v ) a 1683 ( 1989 ) Francis Howard Letter to P. P. Howard in Papers of Francis Howard, Baron Howard of Effingham p.457 I never see any person in greater paine then when she griped, and so sick in her stomack, that it is not for me to relate, she gases much, and blood hath come from her in her stooles. undated 1673< >1683 ? gas (n ) sense 1e “vapours

generated in the stomach or intestines” 1882 seems incredible here, but if not that, what?gasp 1746 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Sep. 8, 1746 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 142 Neighbor Tomlin desired me to go to Mr Chamberlins to See his little son who was near his End, they fear’d. I went, but he had gasp’d. OED2 lacks intransitive use for gasping one’s last.gaudy 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, June 27, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 148 Capten Skevington was hear also with a great compaynt agaynst his master with gawdy words, for every Jack sayth, I am a gentilman. OED2 sense 3b 1647geason c 1625 ( 1882 ) Nathaniel Butler ? The Historye of the Bermudaes (Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXV) p. 232Timber, which in a short time (if wasted as heretofore) must needs fall out very short and geason. OED2 †1610 (exc. 1674 dial. dict.)gelatine a. 1687 ( 1940 ) Charles Morton

Compendium Physicae in Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XXXIII p. 90 (from 1697 transcription of 1687 ms., probably first compiled c1680) It appears that the matter [of comets] is transparent, whether it be Gelatine, or Christalline is the next inquiry; If Gelatine, and drawn to one place from elsewhere .. then the Supposal must be that the Jelly is Coagulated out of the Steams raised above the attraction of the Earth. OED2 1713gentilical 1616 ( 1899 ) Thomas . Roe Journal, Dec.7, 161, in The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.I/2) (reprint 1967) p. 361 A delicat groue .. full of little Temples and alters of Pagods and Gentilicall Idolatrye. OED2 †1600gentilical 1632 T. T. The Whetstone of Reproof (facsimile ed. as English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 361 1977) p. 46

Images of Christ and his saints, and due honour of them, are [not] prohibited by that precept among Christians, but onely a gentilicallor idolatrous vse of pictures or grauen images of false Gods. OED2 †1600get in 1755 John Smith The Printer’s Grammar (facsimile ed. 1965) p. 154 The foregoing Scheme .. shews, How one Letter gets in upon another in width, from Greatprimer to Brevier; and .. How one Letter drives out from another, from Brevier to Greatprimer. Apparent meaning: to set type so that the copy occupies less space.(Scheme shows lines of type of different size with from 58 to 110 characters) OED2 get 68g Setting close appears to be only one means of getting in; here being accomplished by changing letter size.gig n1 1782 ( 1986 ) Abner Sanger Journal, Oct. 9, 1782, in Very Poor and of a Lo Make, The Journal of Abner Sanger p. 447

He is in a gig to trade by swapping lots of land. New Hampshire

OED2 cf. 1876 Yorkshire dial. cit. under sense 6b; also see slip agig Adams 1764gin 1740 ( 1742 ) William Stephens Mar. 26, in A Journal of the Proceedings in Georgia Vol. 2 p. 325 (facsimile reprint 1966) The Cotton is .. so full of seeds, that it can not be cleaned by the ordinary Way of a Gin, not by any other Means than picking out with Fingers. OED2 sense 10 1796gin v2 1776 ( 1976 ) St. George Tucker Letter, Dec. 10, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7 p. 440 On my Arrival here [Turks Island] I met with some exceedingly good ginned Cotton.

OED2 sense 2 1789; ppl. a. 1883gingili 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 134

Thei use to oynt them wt an oile called Jenjoli for to make them more blacke.OED2 1704

gipsy 1592 ( 1966 ) Henry Chettle Kind-Harts Dreame in Elizabethan and Jacobean Quartosp. 63 My Father was the cunningst Iugler in all the countrey, my mother a Gipsie.

OED2 ß form 1600girl v 1780 ( 1986 ) Abner Sanger Journal, July 22, 1778, in Very Poor and of a Lo Make, The Journal of Abner Sanger p. 219

Joseph gives me an account of his and Dodge’s girling of it at major Willard’s.New Hampshire OED2 sense 2 1787

gladdy a 1634 ( 1914 ) Peter Mundy TheTravels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. V (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 2 p. 37 There are two sorts of Birds that use them that I sawe, the one like a Glady, th’other like a lynett. (Describing a Indian weaver-bird’s nest) Mundy was from Cornwall. OED2 1859glade 1635 Capt. Luke Foxe North-west Fox or Fox from the North-west Passage(Facsimile ed. 1965) p. 194

The flood faceing of the winde, had choaked all the East end, so their being one glade or cleere betweene the shoare and the Channell ice, we plide it up therein for 2 or 3 miles. OED2 sense 2b 1828-32 (but see slip Roberts 1809)glade 1809 Capt. LemuelRoberts Memoirs (facsimile reprint 1969) p. 13 The deer seeing me jumped out of the glade onto the ice, and ran across the river. OED2 sense 2b quotes 1828 -32 Webster “In New England, an opening in the ice of rivers or lakes”. DAE 1698(author is New Englander)But see slip Fox 1635glance 1612 ( 1969 ) Proc. Virginia.. p.20 in Jamestown Voyages under the First Charter (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. cxxxvi)

p.392 Smith .. glaunced in the eies of Powhatan many Trifles. OED2 lacks sense of “flashing before”glandering 1585 ( 1981 ) Journal of the Leicester, Oct. 23, 1585, in Sir Francis Drake’s West Indian Voyage 1585-86 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 148) p. 125 The winde at N, a smale glandering gale. Editor (M. F. Keeler) glosses “increasing or swelling.” Did she perhaps only make a guess based on the “swelling” in the definition of glanders ? OED2 lacksglare 1700 ( 1981 ) Edmond Halley Journal, Jan. 26, 1700, in The Three Voyages of Edmond Halley in the Paramore (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. vol. 156) p. 158 (and Feb. 1 p. 163) Latitude by Accot. 49.37’ which I find to be near the truth by a glare of the Sunn taken 5 Minutes before noon.

It proved foggy, and continued so till this day at noon, when by a clear glare of Scarce 1/4 of an hour we saw the Island. OED2 lacks this senseglare 1777 ( 1986 ) Abner Sanger Journal, Feb. 8, 1777, in Very Poor and of a Lo Make, The Journal of Abner Sanger p. 130

This day is some rainy and freezes to a glare ice, extreme. Slippery going.“Glare ice “ is common present U. S. usage for smooth slippery ice on the

ground, roadway, etc.; not to my knowledge used for ice on a body of water. OED2 sb. 1854, a. 1859 (I doubt a. 1856 is this word); DARE 1832 glassing 1688 ( 1963 ) William Fitzhugh Letter to Nicholas Hayward, June 1,1688 in William Fitzhugh and his Chesapeake World p.246 I am glad to hear by you of my Brother’s health .. for I find by your’s that large glassing does not take up so much of his time now. OED2 lacks sense of drinking.glory c 1675 ( 1972 ) John Aubrey Observations Ch. VI, in John Aubrey Three Prose Works p. 336 The glory of ones shadow on the downs, when the sun shines.

OED2 sense 9c cf. quot. 1823Gloucester 1750 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman July 6, 1750 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 219 I bought Two Cheeses, one Glocester (of Old England) the other Rhode-Island. OED2 1802glow 1783 ( 1969 ) William Williams Mr. Penrose The Journal of Penrose, Seaman p. 301 We had no more to do than laying our Bread on that hearth well heated, and then Whelving the large yabba Oven over it, covering the Whole with a Glow of coals occasionally. OED2 cf. sense 1a 1827gnat-catcher 1836 Capt. George Back

Narrative of the Arctic Land Expedition p. 505 Yellow-tailed Gnat-catcher (Setophaga ruticella ) OED2 1883gnoffe 1626 ( 1628 ) Philip Nichols Sir Francis Drake Revived (2nd ed.) in Documents concerning Enlgish Voyages to the Spanish Main 1569-1580 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXI, 1932 , reprint 1967) p. 315 The

rich Gnuffe Pezaro. OED2 has other quots. from this book, some dated 1626, others 1593, both dates justifiable. OED2 † 1610goard 1776 ( 1972 ) Independent Chronicle Boston , Oct. 31, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 1470 Will be Sold by Public Vendue .. 2 Tierces and 84 Goards Aloes (From sale of prizes, appears to be a standard unit for aloes) ? OED2 lacksGod-dem-mee (God-damn-me) 1785 ( 1959 )

Thomas Jefferson Letter to Abigail Adams July 7, 1785 in The Adams-Jefferson Letters p.37 What mischeif is this brewing anew between Faneuil hall and the nation of God-dem-mees? OED2 no quots. between 1431 and 1830gog 1775 ( 1966 ) Rev. Samuel DeaneLetter, Nov. 4,1775 in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.2 p.877 The Militia is call’d in, and they with part of the soldiery are gog to throw up some breastworks tonight. (New England) OED2 † 1673goglet 1632 ( 1914 ) Peter Mundy Journal, Aug. 30, 1632, in The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. VIII (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 2 p. 114 Gurgaletts are curious, fine, thin, earthen potts to drinck cool water with. OED2 1698, Hobson-Jobson 1648gogs heart 1607 ( 1955 ) Dobsons Drie Bobbes Ch. 10 p. 70 Nay gogs heart, I will teach thee a tricke for that.

OED2 lacks as entry but see under jug 1569goose shot 1622 Edward Waterhouse

Appendix to A Declaration of the State of the Colony in Virginia (facsimile ed. 1970) Provisions necessary ..For one man .. Sixty pound of shot or lead, Pistoll and Goose shot. OED2 1659goosewing 1617 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain Journal, Jan. 29, 1617, in The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 337 Much wind, thatt were faine to lye a trye with a gouse wing of the mayne course. OED2 sense 2 1626grain 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 177 Thei have had graynes of golde that hath weid vij or viij weight.

OED2 sense 7d 1613gram n1 1669 ( 1905 ) Factory record inA Geographical Account of the Countries Round the Bay of Bengal (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XII) (reprint 1967) p. 121 (in footnote) The Gram which wee desired seeing you could not do it by the Blackamoor, wee must bee content to waight your better oppertunity. OED2 1702granny-knot 1849 ( 1986 ) Herman Melville

Redburn ch. 24 Penguin ed. p.174 I tied my reef-point as quickly and expertly as the best of them; never making what they call a ‘granny-knot ‘. OED2 granny’s-knot 1853; granny-knot dict. 1905, quot. 1932grapple v 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, July 23, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582

(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 154 The master went into the boat and grapeled at 300 fadom and sayd that the current did set ful eastwards. OED2 cf. sense 1b (but trans .) 1583grappling 1582 ( 1959 ) Edward Fenton Sea Journal in The Troublesome Voyage of Captain Edward Fenton (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXIII) p. 94 The Master at Middaye went in the Boote to sownde and founde grownde at 350 fathom by Letting fall a smale Ancour or graplinge. OED2 sense 3b 1626grass 1675 ( 1893 ) Dr. John Covel Journal inEarly Voyages and Travels in the Levant (Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXXXVI) p. 181 On the east side the towne runs a greate dry grasse, as big as the Divils ditch at Newmarket, in which are several fountaines, yet standing, of excellent water. At the lower end .. it is crost with an aquaeduct of 96 paces long (the distance from edge to edge of the grass). OED2 lacks grass with the apparent meaning of “watercourse.” It seems unlikely this was elliptical for “grass-covered expanse”, or a foreign word, which Covel (not the editor, I hope) always italicized. ??grasshopper 1776 ( 1968 ) Major Griffith Williams

Letter, June 23, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.5 p. 693 Lieut. Dunbar .. was order’d to take post to the Right of the62d Regimt & some other Troops that were form’d near a Wood, & a Mill in front, with two Grasshoppers (which I hope I never shall see any more with Rifle or 3 poundrs, but in the hands of the Enemy or at Woolwich).

? Some sort of emplacement or temporary fortification? OED2 lacks.grated ppl. a. 2 1522 ( 1924 ) Robert Langton

The Pilgrimage of Robert Langton p. 27 There is saynt Mathy the appostle and Luke ye evangelyst buryed. And there is a grated tombe where in they were brought thyder. At Padua OED2 1786greasy 1767 ( 1965 ) Capt. Samuel Wallis Log, Apr. 11, 1776, in Carteret’s Voyage Round the World 1766-1769 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd Ser., No. CXXIV) p. 38 The weather coming on thick and Dirty, we were all of the Opinion that we had nothing to do but get an offin as soon as possible, for the Sea Raising fast and the weather Greasy, that the Ship could not weather Terra del Fuego on One Tack. OED2 sense 6d a1825greffier 1553 ( 1988 ) William Baldwin

Beware the Cat 3rd part p. 37 You, his greffier and chief counselor, My Lord Grisard, with Isegrim and Pol-noir your assistants. (First published 1570. Normalized spelling) OED2 1590grimacer a 1799 ( 1846 ) Isaac SenterJournal Oct. 25, 1775 (Hist. Soc. Penna.), p. 16 (facsmile reprint 1969) Here sat a number of grimacers — melancholy aspects who had been preaching to their men the doctrine of impenetrability andnon-perseverance. (Journal was clearly reworked — 1799 was author’s death) OED2 1810

Grimalkin 1553 ( 1988 ) William BaldwinBeware the Cat 1st part p. 11 “Commend me unto Titton Tatton and to Puss

thy Catton, and tell her that Grimalkin is dead.” Editors (W. A. Ringler, Jr. M. Flachmann) note “This is the first known occurrence of the name, probably a coinage of Baldwin’s from ‘grey malkin’, a grey female demon.” (First pub. 1570) OED2 1605gripple a 1690 CottonMather The Present State of New-England (facsimile ed. 1972) p. 12 Our extreamest Poverty should not hinder our Liberality, When God and His People are to be served with what we have: Whatever Simplicity the Wity and Crafty and Gripple Hold-fasts of the World, may imagine in it.

OED2  † a1677, except archaizing and dial.groggy 1782 ( 1986 ) Abner Sanger Journal, Aug. 9, 1782, in Very Poor and of a Lo Make, The Journal of Abner Sanger p. 426

Temple gets groggy and lays out in .. pasture. Next day “He don’t come with grog nor dinner”, so sense 1 OED2 1770 glossary, 1801 sailor’s lang.groll 1632 T. T. The Whetstone of Reproof (facsimile ed. as English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 361 1977) appendix p. 32 Such obscure grolles as neyther his predecessors, as I thinke, did euer cite by reason of their small authority. Bastwick and T. T. were at opposite ends of the religious spectrum, so whatever groll meant, it wasn’t a piece of sectarian slang. OED2 1637 only, “App. peculiar to Bastwick.” groppo 1632 A. H. [Henry Hawkins]

Partheneia Sacra (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 81 1971) p. 143 She devids, she gargles, & hath her Groppo, the trills, and the like.

OED2 lacks as entry, but see 1842 quot. under gruppetto.ground tier 1775 ( 1966 ) Journal, H.M.S. Lizard, Nov. 20, 1775 in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.2 p. 1077

Employd breaking up the Ground Tier & Starting the Water upon Deck.OED2 1820

grouper c 1625 ( 1882 ) Nathaniel Butler ? The Historye of the Bermudaes (Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXV) p. 7 Excellent fish ..the most of which being vnknowen to our more northerly parts, haue lately gotten them names, either from their shapes or conditions, as .. the delicate amber fish, from his tast and smell; angell fish; cony fish, the smale yellowe tayle, from that naturall painteinge; the great grouper, from his odde and strange gruntinge. “Grouper” < his grunting? OED2 1697 grubbing hoe 1775 ( 1966 ) Capt. Bernard

Romans Letter, Nov. 8,1775 in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.2 p. 937 1–8 mauls1–16 pickaxes1–8 grubbing hoes (still common U.S.; I believe =mattock) OED2 lacks DA 1727guard 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie

(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 32Everie xv daies the guardes chaunge an houre.OED2 sense 12 1574

gudget 1670- 1671 ( 1683 ) Sir James TurnerPallas Armata (facsimile ed. 1968) Bk. III Ch. xvii p. 271 In the time of Henry the Great [IV of France]. .. A Gudget or Boy was allowed to serve two Soldiers. JT was Scottish, and allowed occasional Scoticisms into his book. OED2 †1651guest-rope 1609 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain Journal, Sep. 3, 1609, in The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 119 But the gas roape that the boate was made faste withall, stroke me overboard. OED2 1623 and lacks this formGuinea wheat 1585 ( 1955 ) Ralph Lane Letter, Sep. 8, 1585, inThe Roanoke Voyages 1584-1590 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CIV) Vol. 1 p. 213 A kinde of Gynneye wheate founde here growynge and vsualle, yt yealdethe bothe corne, and suger. OED2 1598, but see slip Hariot 1589Guinea wheat 1588 Thomas Hariot A briefe and true report of the new found land of Virginia p. C1 The same in the West Indies is called Mayze : English men call it Guinney wheate or Turkie wheate , according to the names of the countreys from whence the like hath beene brought. OED2 1598, but see slip Lane 1585guinea-cock, guinea-hen 1572 ( 1589 ) Henry Hawkes

inHakluyt’s Principal Navigations (facs. ed. 1965) p. 546 ThisCitie [Mexico] is very well prouided .. with all manner of victuals, as fruits, flesh and fish, bread hennes and capons, Guinie cocks and hennes, and all other foule. =turkey OED2 guinea-cock 1577; guinea-hen 1578 (unclear whether these are real guinea-fowl or turkeys)gum 1729 ( 1977 ) William Byrd IILetter to Peter Collinson, June 25, 1729 inThe Correspondence of the Three William Byrds of Westover, Virginia p. 409 I shoud likewise be glad of some choice kinds of plumbs and pears, the first of which are apt to gumm, and cast their fruit before ‘tis ripe. OED2 sense 3a 1784gunfiring 1775 ( 1964 ) Vice Adm. Samuel Graves

Narrative Apr. 20, 1775 in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol. 1 p.148 After gunfiring in the Evening no Boat was to pass till day light. OED2 gunfire sense 1a 1801gunnery 1777 ( 1954 ) Ebenezer Hazard

Journal in Virginia Mag. of Hist. and Biog. LXII, 404 Went to see the Gunnery, as it is called. .. About 20 Musquets, complete with Bayonets, are made here in a Week. OED2 lacks sense of “ gun factory.”gunny 1706 ( 1927 ) Invoice, Feb. 15, 1706, in The Papers of Thomas Bowrey Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LVIII (reprint 1967) p. 264 Gunnys 60 ps. 7 8 –Gunny bags 20 2 – – OED2; Hobson-Jobson 1711 gurrah 1706 ( 1927 ) Invoice, Feb. 15, 1706, in The Papers of Thomas Bowrey Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LVIII (reprint 1967) p. 264 Gurrahs 20 ps. 20 – – OED2 1727

gurry 1776 ( 1976 ) Massachusetts Board of WarMinutes, Dec. 25, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7

p. 595 The President Reported .. that he also purchased a quantity of Lumber, Oyl & Gurry; Some Cod fish, & pickled fish. ? cf. OED2 gurry 4 (1850), but this is unlikely to be purchased for ship’s stores.Guserat (Gujarati) 1605 ( 1880 ) John Davis Mr. John Daves his observations Voyaging from Acheane to Tecoe and Priaman in Voyages and Works of John Davis (Hakluyt Soc.) p. 187 There cometh every yeare a Guserat with Cotton cloth.

OED2 c1607 Hobson-Jobson c1605gutter n2 c 1628 ( 1982 ) Equipment list in Newfoundland Discovered (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 160) p. 248 4 splyttinge knyves and 4 gutters 6s OED2 1780 (the person, lacks sense of the instrument)gutter 1855 ( 1947 ) Raffaello Carboni Eureka Stockade vii p. 32 (Dolphin Book ed.) Whenever the gutter, 120 feet below, took it into its head to bestir and hook it, the faithful shepherds would not rest until they were .. six score feet from “bang on the gutter.” OED2 sense 1c 1856hack 1835 ( 1953 ) Act of Illinois legislature, in Collected works of Abraham Lincoln Vol. I p. 35 Said road shall be marked .. in the timbered land by hacks, and blazes upon the trees. OED2 (and DAE) 1887 This quote and the 1887 suggest hack is not equivalent to blaze, but is perhaps a cleared swath?hackbolt c 1602 ( 1983 ) Gabriel Archer in PurchasPilgrimes (1625) Vol. 4 pp. 1647-57, inThe English New England Voyages 1602-1608(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 161) p. 121 We saw many Birds .. as Pettrels, Cootes, Hagbuts, Pengwins, Murres, Gannets, Cormorants, Guls, with many else in our English Tongue of no name. OED2 1843(quot. in OED2 for murre only)hackmatack 1777 ( 1986 ) Abner Sanger Journal, Feb. 13, 1776, in Very Poor and of a Lo Make, The Journal of Abner Sanger p. 130 Afternoon I go and get some hackmatack gum.

New Hampshire OED2, DA, DARE 1792hair’s breadth 1776 ( 1972 ) Capt. John Paul Jones

Letter , Sep. 4, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 684 Our “Hairs breadth Scape” & the Saucy manner of making it must have mortified him not a little. OED2 sense c attrib. 1841half stocks (stock) 1788 ( 1990 ) Thomas

Jefferson Memorandums on a Tour .. reprinted in Public and Private Papers by TJ Library of America p. 305 They might be had in any number to go to America, and settle lands as tenants on half stocks or metairies. OED2 doesn’t seem to fit any sense of stock listed.half-deck 1588 ( 1959 ) Deposition in English Privateering Voyages to the West Indies 1588-1595 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser.

No. CXI) p. 45 The master called uppe the company uppon the half decke.OED2 1626

half-hill 1749 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman June 10, 1749 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 197 Began to half-Hill the Indian Corn.

My Young Men are at their half-hilling today. (June 13) OED2, DA, DARE lack. See slip Sanger 1775 half-hill 1781 ( 1986 ) Abner Sanger Journal, July 5, 1781, in Very Poor and of a Lo Make, The Journal of Abner Sanger p. 366

I begin to half-hill the corn that the Willises weeded for me.

Afternoon I come home late and hoe some on my half-hilling. (July 6) Editor (L. K. Stabler) glosses “Piling soil around the stalks, while pulling weeds.” But why “half”? Parkman sometimes recorded hilling a few weeks after half-hilling. OED2, DA, DARE lack. See slip Parkman 1749half-leg 1633 ( 1894 ) Capt. Thomas JamesThe Strange and Dangerous Voyage in The Voyages of Captain Luke Foxe and Captain Thomas James (Hakluyt Soc. 1st ser. No. LXXXIX) p. 509 The snow by this time was halfe-legge high. OED2 1752 (U.S.)hallucinate 1632 T. T. The Whetstone of Reproof (facsimile ed. as English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 361 1977) p. 36

He proueth nothing but doth onelie hallucinate betweene trueth and falsehood.OED2 sense 2 1652

hallucination 1632 T. T. The Whetstone of Reproof (facsimile ed. as English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 361 1977) p. 253

Notwithstanding his other allucinations, he expresselie mantaines [the septenarie number of the Sacraments] as other diuines doe. Dropped h could be one of many printer’s errors; see T. T. slip hallucinate. OED2 1646; sense 1 a1652 hamberline 1776 ( 1968 ) Indenture, May 1, 1776, in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.4 p. 1362 1 coil of thread ratline spun yarn, in proportion for the whole; house line; marline; 1 doz. hamberline, white. OED2 1793 (see slip Hambro’ line 1776)Hambro’ line 1776 ( 1968 ) New-England Chronicle, May 23, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.5 p.217 Inventory of the cargo of the above-mentioned prize ship ..Hambro’ line, skeins, 50. OED2 1793 (see slip hamberline 1776)hamleteer 1642 ( 1942 ) Sir Simon D’Ewes The Journal of Sir Simon D’Ewes (Jan. 10, 1641/2) p. 398 Hee had received information touching the Tower of London; viz. That the Hamleters who were the ordinarie warders weere discharged or made useless.

Then weere certaine Hameletters called in who informed us of some of some of the canoneers in the Tower to be dangerous men. Footnote: “Verney (142) notes ‘The hamliteers are not suffered to come into the tower.’” (Ralph Verney Notes of Proceedings in the Long Parliament ) OED2 defines simply as “an inhabitant of a hamlet” but see 1825 quot. “Overcoming a feeble opposition from the Tower Hambleteers.”hammock 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 152 Ther beddes thei calle hamacas, thei be made of coton after a net facion, and the one ende is tied with a corde at a post and the other ende at another post and so hangeth above grounde. Barlow adapted a Spanish book and sometimes simply anglicised Spanish words, but here appears to be drawing on his own experience (on Spanish ships). OED2 1555handicraftman 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow

A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 139

Other be ower the handicraftmen to see that thei make true stuff and occupie true wares.

OED2 1551hang out for 1776 ( 1976 ) Cumberland DuganLetter, Nov. 8, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7 p. 90 As to a Master I immagin you wont get your Choice of an undoubted good man, without you give the Consignment, which they all seem to hang out for here. OED2 lacks phrase; cf. hold out for which OED2 also lacks as entry but uses in definition of militant..hang-dog 1779 ( 1986 ) Abner Sanger Journal,Sep. 23, 1779, in Very Poor and of a Lo Make, The Journal of Abner Sanger p. 366

I .. put hang-dogs on my Jew’s Harp stack. Editor (L. K. Stabler) glosses “Weights suspended on ropes over a pile or a hay stack.”New Hampshire OED2, DA, DARE lack. hank 1777 ( 1976 ) Eliphalet Roberts Letter, Feb. 24, 1777, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7 p. 1278We stood on about one mile below fort trumbull & then put about & made three hanks & the wind Camb on fresh after the first two trips. OED2 has only hank for hank (cf. slip for board 1699)hankle 1607 ( 1955 ) Dobsons Drie Bobbes Ch. 15 p. 100 For after that he was hanckeled in so great extremity, he directed letters to his vnckle, certifieing him of his lamentable case craueing pardon for all his former euagations. OED2 1621happen out 1728 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Feb. 23, 1728 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 30 It was a Sad time to be abroad in, the Snow being very deep and great Danger if happening out of the path. OED2 lacks; happen in etc. mostly in American quotes

hard 1777 ( 1980 ) South Carolina Navy BoardOrders, May 6, 1777, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.8 p.

921 Hawl the Brigantine Notre Dame upon the Hard, and have her Bottom well scrub’d. OED2 sense B4 1838hard hack 1809 Capt. Lemuel Roberts

Memoirs (facsimile reprint 1969) p. 91 I could not see the [raccoon] on the saplin, (which was a witch hazel or hard hack,) as he had hidden himself in its top.

OED2 1832 (Spiraea); DAE 1814 (Spiraea or Dasiphora )Could either of these grow tall enough to hide a coon in its top? Witch hazel (Hamamelis) does. (Author is New Englander)harness tub 1776 ( 1968 ) Inventory of prize sloop, Apr. 30, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.4 p.1337

1 Harness Tub with Beef & Pork. OED2 entry only, no quot. Harness cask 1818harping-iron c 1588 ( 1981 ) Map text, in Sir Francis Drake’s West Indian Voyage 1585-86 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 148) Plate VII(b) They [dolphin fish] are caught most commonly by our mariners, with harping Yrons of [or?] fisgigs. OED2 1596haul 1780 ( 1975 ) John Adams Letter to Abigail Adams , Sept. 4, 1780 in The Book of Abigail and John p. 270 The French and Spaniards have at length, made a hall as the saying is of 40 or 50 ships at once from the English. OED2 sense 3 1776 (Abigail Adams as haul , without apology)haulster, halster (hawser) 1606 ( 1969 )

Examination concerning damage to the Susan Constant in Jamestown Voyages under the First Charter (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. cxxxvi) p. 56, 57 They called for a haulster to make fast to the cable so to lengthen yt out.

The said company of the Phillipp and Francys did cast and fasten a halster vppon a Carvell that lay thereby. OED2 lacks spellings with “t.”hawk’s-bill 1655 ( 1936 ) Peter Mundy Journal, Aug. 3, 1655, inThe Travels of Peter Mundy , in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXVIII) (reprint 1967) Vol.V p. 38 Our Master’s mate, with a fishguig strooke a smalle tortoise, called haukesbilld tortoises. OED2 1657hayseed 1849 ( 1986 ) Herman Melville

Redburn ch. 5 Penguin ed. p.68 He laughed out with a great guffaw, and said there must be hay-seed in my hair. OED2 sense 1b 1894haysel 1636 ( 1943 ) Robert Ryce Letter, Sep. 9, 1636, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 3 p. 305 The grasse was so burned vp, that at our vsual hayseele wee had lytle or no grasse to cutt or to feede our catle. From England. Recipient, and probably sender, was from Suffolk. OED2 1674-5head sea c 1595 ( 1899 ) Capt. Wyatt Narrative in The Voyage of Robert Dudley to the West Indies (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.III) p. 52

Between soden gustes, dertie foggs, flatt calmes, and the settinge of head seas

in soe darke a night within soe straight and dangerous a passage, it gave occasion of little sleep unto our watchful Generall. OED2 sense 74 1627head-matter 1756 ( 1914 ) Henry Lloyd Letter, May 3, 1756, in Commerce of Rhode Island 1726-1800 Vol. 1, p. 67 Mr. Rotch of Nantucket is now here and offers me Head Matter, .. to be delivered at New Port, and will take the Oyl from which the Head Matter is extracted in part of pay either at the price of Oyl when the Head matter is deliver’d, or as it shall be when he receives it. OED2 1791head-piece 1713 JamesWatson The History of the Art of Printing (facsimile ed. 1965) pref. p. 9 You’ll see .. a vast Variety of curiously cut Head-Pieces, Finis’s, Blooming-Letters, Fac-totum’s, Flowers, &c. OED2 sense 7 1718 (quot. under blooming-piece )head-piece 1776 ( 1976 ) Capt. John F. Williams

Letter, Nov. 4, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7 p. 31 Accidentally jibed on the Main boom & broke him off 6 feet from the Mast at the same time Carried away part of our Head piece. OED2 sense 6d 1794head-stick 1713 JamesWatson The History of the Art of Printing (facsimile ed. 1965) p. 63

[ AContemplation upon the Mystery of Man’s Regeneration in Allusion to the Mystery of Printing]

The Head-Sticks are thy Majesty;The Foot-Sticks, Christ’s Humility. OED2 sense 3 1841 But see quot. side-stick 1683heartburning 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox

Diary, June 7, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 143 Rumatique I was and exceding costyve, and trubled with hartburning which be appendixes of the sea. OED2 sense 2 1591

helter-skelter 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard MadoxDiary, May 27, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582

(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 139 Yt rayned pel mel and blew hilter skilter.OED2 1593

hemlock 1612 ( 1934 ) Capt. Thomas BestJournal, Feb. 27, 1612 , in The Voyage of Thomas Best to the East Indies, 1612-

14 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXV) (reprint 1967) p. 3 Our maine yard broke 12 foote from the tye short of it; then shewing to be a humlock tree, very drie and even rotten. Editor (Sir William Foster) footnotes North American hemlockAbies [now Tsuga ]canadensis , without comment. It would seem surprising that a London shipyard would use such at this date (I doubt that it grew close to the only settlement, at Jamestown), or that Best would be able to identify it. OED2 sense 2a 1776 DA 1662henbane 1635 Capt. Luke Foxe North-west Fox or Fox from the North-west Passage(Facsimile ed. 1965) p. 239 (misnumbered 238) It was little wind, with great store of Henbans and Pettidancers, a common incident to these parts in cleare nights.

Origin ? Editor of Hakluyt Soc. ed. (1st ser. LXXXIX p. 327 notes “in his MS., the word is always written Henbeams (probably in error).” OED2 lacks entry but see Foxe quot. under petty dancerhere-hence 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 82The river jurdan .. goeth to the lond of esebon .. and herehens it goeth to the dead see where it dothe fynishe. OED2 sense 3 1669hermaphrodite 1776 ( 1972 ) Lieut. Thomas

Quigley Letter, Oct. 6, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 1142 [We chased] a hermaphrodite, but the wind blowing hard at northeast, could not get out to her. OED2 sense 4b 1794Hessen (hessian) 1775 ( 1964 ) Jour. Gen. Comm. City of New York Mar. 16, 1775 inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol. 1 p.148 Inventory of Goods taken out of the Ship Beulah .. 14 pieces Irish linen. — 6 pieces white Hessen. OED2 1881∂hide-and-seek 1678 ( 1928 ) Robert Southwell

Letter, Mar. 30, 1678, in The Petty—Southwell Correspondence (reprinted 1967) p. 53I was mindfull how in the old play of Hyde and Seek, it was the rule sometimes to Hoop out. OED2 sense 1 (lit.) 1724 (fig. 1672)hierology 1675 ( 1893 ) Dr. John Covel Journal inEarly Voyages and Travels in the Levant (Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXXXVI) p. 277 In the Greeks’ Hierology they observe the 23rd of May as a great holy day to her memory. St. Glyceria OED2 a1848, sense 5 1890hitch up 1607 ( 1983 ) Capt. Robert Davies

Journal, ms. transcribed a1647, inThe English New England Voyages 1602-1608 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 161) p. 422 Great Lopsters you shall See them Whear they ly in shold Watter nott past a yeard deep & with a great hooke mad fast to a staffe you shall hitch them vp. OED2 sense 1b 1833hocus 1650 ( 1984 ) Thomas Vaughan Magia Adamica in The Works of Thomas Vaughan p. 170 I have ever admir’d that Discipline of Eliezer the steward of Abraham, who when he prayed at the well in Mesopotamia, could make his Camels also kneele. I must not believe there was any Hocas in this. An interesting interpretation of Gen. 24, 11-12. Camels are the least of the things Vaughan didn’t understand. OED2 sense 2 1652hoedown 1842 ( 1953 ) Abraham Lincoln

Temperance address, Feb. 22, 1842, in Collected works of Abraham Lincoln Vol. I p. 274To have a rolling or raising, a husking or hoedown. OED2 1841 for the dance itself; 1963 (DAE 1870) for a party devoted to such dances (the sense here)hog mane 1776 ( 1968 ) Connecticut Courant, Apr. 29, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.4 p. 1304 They took away a young stone horse, almost black, with a white face and hog mane. OED2 1804

hogen 1650 ( 1984 ) Thomas Vaughan The Man-Mouse in The Works of Thomas Vaughan p. 237 I know no use of Hoghens and Titulados. OED2 1657 hollow 1640 ( 1925 ) Peter Mundy The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XXXII (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LV) Vol. 4 p. 58

Wee expecting when shee would have splitt in sunder and suncke; then had there bin butt little hope of saving our lives, itt beeing Near 1 1/2 Miles From the shoare, extreme Foule cold weather, a deep hollow short sea.

OED2 sense 2c 1726, but see slip Halley 1699hollow 1699 ( 1981 ) Edmond Halley Journal, Oct. 9, 1698, in The Three Voyages of Edmond Halley in the Paramore (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. vol. 156) p. 128 We had Sprung our M Topmast in the Cap .. The occasion of this mischance was a Short halow Sea made by the shifting of the Winds from SW to SE.

OED2 sense 2e 1726, but see slip Mundy 1639hollow 1750 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman (American Antiquarian Soc.) Great Rains a.m. and the Roads being exceeding Hollow I did not go to Meeting Feb. 25, 1750 p.212The Earth Extremely hollow, and fill’d with water.Jan. 16, 1751 p. 231Very bad riding by the Hollowness of the Earth by the Frost. Feb. 26, 1739 ?with many puddles, ?frost-heaved OED2 lacks precise sense, whatever it is.homespun 1812 ( 1959 ) John Adams Letter to Thomas Jefferson , Jan. 1, 1812 in The Adams-Jefferson Letters p.290 I take the Liberty of sending you by the Post a Packett containing two Pieces of Homespun. (Two books by his son. TJ misunderstood as literal sense and replied with disquisition on textile manufacture) OED2 sense 1b (fig. ) 1845homett

1613 ( 1934 ) Capt. Thomas Best Journal, Aug. 7, 1613 , in The Voyage of Thomas Best to the East Indies, 1612-14 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXV) (reprint 1967) p. 64 Then did the two hometts or paps beare of us N. and by W. Editor (Sir William Foster) interprets as hummocks. If so, an unrecorded form. Any implication for etym.?homo 1778 ( 1986 ) Abner Sanger Journal, Mar. 22, 1778, in Very Poor and of a Lo Make, The Journal of Abner Sanger p. 232

We hear much bow-woohing and joy goes at Field’s shop by reason of their having much of homo to drink. Editor glosses as maple-sap beer

New Hampshire OED2, DA, DARE lackhomogeneous 1635 ( 1943 ) Nathaniel Ward Letter, Dec. 24, 1635, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 3 p. 216 We .. had neede to be strong and

of a homogeneous spirit and people, as free from dangerous persons as we may.OED2 1641

hone 1783 ( 1969 ) William Williams Mr. Penrose The Journal of Penrose, Seaman p. 285 [We heard deep and sad groans] He has been very amiss or on some long journey thus to begin his hones after so great a length of time. OED2 lacks noun corresponding to hone v2honey( v ) 1746 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Sep. 19, 1746 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 142 Took up our old Hive of Bees which was pritty well Honey’d. OED2 lacks this sensehoney-bird 1817 Amasa Delano A Narrative of Voyages and Travel in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres (facsimile ed. 1970) Ch. XXVII p. 557 There is a little brown bird of the species of the cuckoo, called by the farmers the honey bird, from its pointing out and conducting people to the nests of bees, by a chirping and whistling noise. OED2 sense 3 1850hood-end 1817 Amasa Delano A Narrative of Voyages and Travel in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres (facsimile ed. 1970) Ch. XIV p. 251 I directed the carpenters to open the work at the places which were most likely to be decayed, such as under the lower port sills, the water ways, the false stem, the hooden ends.

I found .. the hooden ends opened more than two inches wide. (p. 252) = “hood-end end” ? OED2 1867hoodwink 1608 ( 1969 ) Edward Maria Wingfield

Discourse in Jamestown Voyages under the First Charter (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. cxxxvi) p.214 I doo not hoodwinck my carriage in my self love, but freely and humblie submit it to your grave censures. OED2 sense 3 1610hook n 1615 ( 1899 ) Thomas . Roe Journal, Sept.. 15, 1615, in The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.I/2) (reprint 1967) p. 38 Wee were enclosed with a hooke of the same sand in 8 fadome water. OED2 sense 9, comparable use 1670. See slip Roes 1615 hook n.hook v 1615 ( 1899 ) Thomas . Roe Journal, Sept.. 16, 1615, in The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.I/2) (reprint 1967) p. 40 It is veary daingerous for those that knowe it not to fall amonge [the sandes], and veary difficult to gett out, beeing hooked in 3 wayes, though there is 6 or 7 fadom water ouer the Southermost end of them.

OED2 lacks this sense. See slip Roes 1615 hook n.hookah 1638 ( 1919 ) Peter Mundy The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XXIX (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 3 p. 384 The tabacco growing here, which they Draw Throug the water as in India, their hucka beeing the end off an horne with a short pipe or cane.

(On Madagascar) OED2 1763

hookman 1735 ( 1960 ) Benjamin Franklin In Pennsylvania Gazette Feb. 4, 1734/5 in Papers of Benjamin F ranklin Vol. 2 p. 14

Pulling down burning Timbers by the Hookmen. OED2 lacks this sense.Hoolee 1632 ( 1914 ) Peter Mundy Journal in The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XV (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 2 p. 219 There is Hoolee of the Hindooes used in the same manner as Shrovetide is in Fraunce, by eating, drinckeing, feasteinge, playinge, throweinge sweete oyles and water with redd powder on that againe. OED2 1687, Hobson-Jobson 1671horn book 1778 ( 1975 ) John Adams

Autobiography May 27 , 1778 in The Book of Abigail and John p.215 Mr. Franklin keeps a horn book always in his Pockett in which he minuted all his invitations to dinner. Not the child’s hornbook or primer of OED2. Perhaps an ivory memorandum book such as Jefferson purchased in Paris in 1786.horse v 1635 Capt. Luke Foxe North-west Fox or Fox from the North-west Passage(Facsimile ed. 1965) p. 167

He was horst with a current .. above 1 d. & 30 m. OED2 sense 5 1698horse market 1817 Amasa Delano

A Narrative of Voyages and Travel in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres (facsimile ed. 1970) Ch. XXIV p. 467 While crossing a horse market ( a sailor’s phrase for a rough irregular sea, the waves rising all in a heap, occasioned by two tides meeting,) the water rushed so rapidly into the boat, that in less than two minutes she sank like a stone.

OED2 lacks; cf. horse sense 24b 1833horse-mussel 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow

A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 132

In the cost thei fynde many orient perlys. Thei be found in certein shelfysshes like horsemuskles.

OED2 1626horsing 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, Aug. 6, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 161 We perceaved a horsing eb that set to east north east. OED2 lacks this sense. Cf. horse ( v) sense 5 1698hortulan 1660 ( 1964 ) John Evelyn Letter, Jan. 28, 1660, in The Works of Sir Thomas Browne Vol. IV p. 275 I would have not onely the elogies and effigie of the antient and famous Garden Heroes, but a society of the Paradisi Cultores , persons of antient simplicity, paradisean and hortulan saints.

The hortulane pleasures, these innocent, pure, and usefull diversions. OED2 1664 (Evelyn also)

hosiery 1776 ( 1972 ) Robert Morris Letter , Sep. 12, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 794 Put onboard of each as many Dry Goods, say Woolens, Linens, Tin, Copper, Hosiery &c &c.

OED2 1790hotspur peas 1754 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman

The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Apr. 2, 1754 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 273 Prepar’d Beds in the Garden two long Beds for Hotspur Peas. OED2 hotspur sense 2 † 1707-12howel 1759 ( 1994 ) George Washington Invoice, in “Worthy Partner” The Papers of Martha Washington p. 89 1 Cowper’s Taper bitt..1 do Round Shave1 Do Howell OED2 dict. refs. only 1846huer 1656 ( 1936 ) Peter Mundy Journal, June 7, 1656, inThe Travels of Peter Mundy , in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXVIII) (reprint 1967) Vol.V p. 84 There is another sortt called hewers, beecause they ly hovering over the water to descry their prey, as our country hewers in the West stand on the hills to discerne the pilchard. Identified by editor’s consultant as “Ascension Island frigate bird (Fregata aquila )” OED2 lacks for birdhug 1776 ( 1972 ) Journal Mass. Sloop Warren, Sep. 17, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 880

We Hug’d our wind. OED2 sense 4 1824hull to 1754 J. Robertson Elements of Navigation p. 560 A ship is seen hull to , when her upper-works just disappear. (hull down is the usual term, but Robertson was not likely to be wrong) OED2 lacks this sense.hum 1650 ( 1984 ) Thomas Vaughan Magia Adamica in The Works of Thomas Vaughan p. 165 I desire not their Hum but their patience. OED2 sense 2b 1653humbo 1777 ( 1986 ) Abner Sanger Journal, Apr. 7, 1777, in Very Poor and of a Lo Make, The Journal of Abner Sanger p. 138 I tend the kettles of humbo or sap for Tilly Howe.

Before sunrise I come up to get Mother’s strainer to strain humbo. (Apr. 8 p. 139) New Hampshire OED2, DA lack; DARE 1895 (NH also)hummock 1602 ( 1983 ) John Brereton A Briefe and True Relation of the Discouerie of the North Part of Virginia inThe English New England Voyages 1602-1608 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 161) p. 145 The land somewhat low, certeine hummocks or hilles lying into the land. OED2 c- form 1608hungar 1601 ( 1931 ) John Sanderson Letter in The Travels of John Sanderson (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXVII) p. 218

Your mony mad, cleare of all chargis, of the hungers, copper, and ten kersies is 1315 d[uca]ts gould. OED2 1606 sense 2 1650

Hungary 1676 ( 1953 ) John Locke Feb. 29, 1676, in Locke’s Travels in France p. 53 Rosemary flowers for making the Queen of Hungary’s water in great plenty already. OED2 1698hurdle, hurdle-in 1860 Francis GaltonThe Art of Travel 3rd ed. p. 74 If sheep or other cattle be hurdled-in near the house, the nuisance of flies, &c., becomes almost intolerable. (p. 74)

When sheep, &c., are long hurdled at night, near the same encampment, the nuisance of flies and ticks becomes intolerable. (p. 199)

(Galton’s preferred method of enclosing sheep was to use bushes to make what he calls a kraal -- or I suppose, hurdles.) OED2 has hurdling out and off, but not so specific a sense of penning as here.hurl-footed 1817 Amasa Delano A Narrative of Voyages and Travel in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres (facsimile ed. 1970) Ch. XXIV p. 469 I had the greatest reason to be concerned about my brother William,as he was but a youth and born hurl-footed, which inconvenience still remained with him. OED2 1749 onlyhurricane-house 1783 ( 1969 ) William Williams

Mr. Penrose The Journal of Penrose, Seaman p. 46 In the foretop was a small Hurricane house for the Captain of the Top to sleep in. OED2 1818hurst 1555 ( 1975 ) Building Account in Sidney Ironworks Accounts 1541-1573 (Camden 4th Ser. Vol. 15) p. 146 Payd to the forgemen for the new makyng of a horste for to hold the homer helve in the forge v s. OED2 sense 4 1825husband 1615 ( 1881 ) William Baffin in The Voyages of William Baffin (Hakluyt Soc. 1st. Ser. No.LXIII) p. 111The ship being in redines, upon the 15th daye of March came aboard Mr. John Wolstenholme, esquire, one of the cheefe aduenturers, and with him Mr Allwyn Carye (husband for the voyage).

OED2 cf. sense 4b 1730-36husker 1750 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Oct. 23, 1750 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 225 I expect Huskers at Night. OED2 1780 (EP’s diary also)hustling 1776 ( 1972 ) David Murray(Lord Stormont)

Letter, Aug. 21, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 560 That Beaumarchais should be recommended as an active hustling Man, and ready for this or any similar business I can easily conceive. OED2 ppla. 1871; closest sense of hustle (v) is sense 2e “N. Amer. slang 1887”hydragogue 1650 ( 1984 ) Thomas Vaughan Magia Adamica in The Works of Thomas Vaughan p. 162 Now so dull am I, and so short of

Syllogismes, those strange Pumpes, and Hydragogues, which lave the Truth ex Puteo, like Water. In some mechanical rather than OED2’s medical sense ? OED2 1653hydrant 1810 ( 1951 ) John E. Caldwell A Tour through Part of Virginia p. 14 They have an excellent supply of water conveyed through the streets in pipes, and rising as in Philadelphia, by means of hydrants. OED2 1828 Webster, 1839 quot. ; DA 1806 in Phila.hypochondrium 1669 ( 1989 ) William Walwyn

Physick for Families in The Writings of William Walwyn p. 513 A great palpitation of the heart, which appeared also in her right Hypocondrium. OED2 1696icicle 1742 ( 1994 ) Capt. Christopher Middleton in Philosophical Transactions, XLII, pp. 157-71, reprinted inVoyages to Hudson Bay in Search of a Northwest Passage 1741-1747 Vol. I (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. Vol. 177) p. 230 The Fogs and Mists that are brought here from the Polar Parts, in Winter, appear visible to the naked eye in Icicles innumerable, as small as fine Hairs or Threads, and pointed as sharp as Needles. OED2 sense 2b †1737iguana 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 175 Ther is another sort of them called yaguanas and be as bigge as the lagartus, and thei have a round hedde and from the forehed to the tail upon his backe ther goeth a rydge of sharpe prickes stonding up very grislie. (Barlow translated a Spanish book and sometimes simply anglicised Spanish words) OED2 1555 immethodicalness 1744 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman

The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Mar. 15, 1744 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 94 The Immethodicalness of their paper of Complaints. OED2 1661 and a1690 onlyimpensely 1681 ( 1911 ) CottonMather Diary of Cotton Mather Dec. 25, 1681 Vol. I p. 46 Do I not impensely desire to live unto the glorious God?

OED2 1657 onlyimperative c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. unnum. (Aiiij +8 = Aviii ?) How knowest the Imperatyf mode? For he byddeth or commaundeth. OED2 1530imperial 1784 ( 1975 ) John Adams Letter to Abigail Adams, July 26, 1784 in The Book of Abigail and John p. 391 Let it [a coach] be large and strong, with an Imperial. OED2 sense B4 1794imputrible 1632 A. H. [Henry Hawkins]

Partheneia Sacra (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 81 1971) p. 174 A peece of workmanship without peer, erected by the Divine Wisedome, imputrible Arck, incorruptible vessel. OED2 †1607

inborn 1583 M. M. S. The Spanish Colonie (transl. of de las Casas) (facsimile reprint 1966) p. N1 recto The inbornes of the countrey were reduced to suche of an extremitie, that there were founde great numbers dead of famine in the high wayes. OED2 1609 (except c1000) and lacks use as substantive.incompassible 1611 Henry Fitz Simon The Justification and Exposition of the Divine Sacrifice of the Masse (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 108 1972) p. 245 God is spiritual, not corporeal, .. incompassible, without al mvtation, or passion. Not incompassible of OED2 1630-56inconsutile 1522 ( 1924 ) Robert Langton The Pilgrimage of Robert Langton p. 38 At Argentyn southwarde from thens [Paris] is the cote inconsutyll of our lorde. Argentyn = Argenteuil. “Seamless” or “unsewn” for Jesus’ legendary (extra-Biblical, I believe) robe fits etym. and OED2 c1450 quot. 1657 quot. I suspect is a malapropism (although I can’t say for what).

OED def. is clever, but really makes no sense, unless in- is an intensive rather than a negative, which seems unlikely.incontradictable 1612 ( 1969 ) T. Abbay inProc. Virginia.. p.10 in Jamestown Voyages under the First Charter (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. cxxxvi) p.385 ** [ =1624 Smith quot. (final words spelled “il conceipts.”)]

OED2 1624incruental 1611 Henry Fitz Simon The Justification and Exposition of the Divine Sacrifice of the Masse (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 108 1972) Epistle Dedicatory p.i3

Tertullian, Origen, S. Augustin, and other Fathers being timorouse and vnwilling to diuulgat the secret mysteries of this incruental propitiation for sinne.

OED2 1674; incruent 1624inculpatory 1831 Tho. Pringle The History of Mary Prince p. 34 (in suppl. by ed.) Facsimile reprint in Six Women’s Slave Narratives (1988) I leave the preceding letter to be candidly weighed by the reader in opposition to the inculpatory allegations of Mr. Wood. OED2 1837indelible 1607 ( 1955 ) Dobsons Drie Bobbes Ch. 10 p. 69 I will procure vs indeleable respect amongst the vulgar sort.

OED2 sense d a1631Indian 1649 ( 1947 ) Martha Johanna Lyon Letter, Mar. 23, 1648, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 5 p. 323 My husband .. eats Indian that I might eat whet. OED2 sense B3 1651Indian 1777 ( 1975 ) Abigail Adams Letter to John Adams Mar. 8, 1777 in The Book of Abigail and John p.169 There is such a demand for Indian and Rye, that a Scarcity will soon take place in the Country. Tis now next to impossible to purchase a Bushel of Rye. OED2 lacks 18c. quot. for sense B3

indicative c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800

No. 134) p. unnum. (Aiiij +8 = Aviii ?) How knowest ye Indicatyf mode? For he shewith a reason sooth or false by ye way of askyng or of tellynge. OED2 1530indicator 1833 ( 1961 ) Ralph Waldo Emerson

Relation of Man to the Globe in Early Lectures of RWE Vol I p. 42 A species of cuckoo, called indicator, or honey-guide attracts the attention of the Hottentots by its shrill cry. OED2 1835indifferency 1686 ( 1963 ) William Fitzhugh Letter to Mary Fitzhugh, Apr, 22,1686 in William Fitzhugh and his Chesapeake World p. 173

I neither live in poverty nor pomp, but in a very good indifferency. OED2 cf. sense 6 1690indraft a 1571 ( 1963 ) William Bourne An Almanacke and Prognostication for three yeares .. in A Regiment for the Sea (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXXI) p. 67 It floweth one poynt of the Compas more in the spryng streames then that it doth in any of the quarters of the moone, so that it be a Ryuer where there is any indraft, hauinge dystaunce from the Sea.

OED2 sense 2 1594indrape 1579- 1580 ( 1935 ) Richard Hakluyt A Discourse of the Commodity of the Taking of the Straight of Magellanus in The Original Writings & Correspondence of the Two Richard Hakluyts (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXVI) ( reprint 1967) p. 143 The West Indies is a sufficient vent of all their wynes, oyle and of all ther wolle indraped. OED2 1622infinitive c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. unnum. (Aiiij +8 = Aviii ?) To byfore a verbe is sygne of the Infinytyf mode. My italics for clarity OED2 1520inflammable n 1687 ( 1940 ) Charles Morton

Compendium Physicae in Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XXXIII p. 43(from 1697 transcription of 1687 ms., probably first compiled c1680) This Motion is helped by the blowing of bellowes, or other Strong wind thrusting the particles inflamed among the enflameables of the fewell.

OED2 sense B (n.) 1770ingenio 1582 Richard Hakluyt Divers Voyages Touching the Discouerie of America (facsimile ed. 1966) p. ¶ verso

Bresilia was first inhabited by the Portingales: where they haue nine baronies or lordships, & thirtie engennies or suger milles. OED2 1600, but see slip Thread 1592ingenio 1592 ( 1959 ) Robert Thread

Deposition in English Privateering Voyages to the West Indies 1588-1595 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXI) p. 197 At the Acoe they landed with the said pinnaces and tooke an Ingenio of sugers .. and made composition with the spaniardes for xx oxen not to burne theire Ingenions. OED2 1600, but see slip Hakluyt 1582Ingin 1607 ( 1983 ) Daniel Tucker inThe English New England Voyages 1602-1608

(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 161) p. 361 A Spanishe Frier Came a bord owr shipe, in a small Cannoe with 5 Ingens.

The saed Frier .. whos shipe had bee caste a waye .. and all his Company drownned and slaned by the Engians, only hee saved a Liue. Editors (D. B. and A.M. Quinn) footnote these “probably show how west countrymen pronounced the word at the time.”

OED2 1683ingratuity 1651 ( 1984 ) Thomas Vaughan

Lumen de Lumine in The Works of Thomas Vaughan p. 299 I have observ’d (most deare Mother [Oxford Univ.]) and that in most of thy Sons, a Complexion of Fame, and Ingratuitie. Learning indeed they have, but they forget the Brests that gave it. OED2 †1603inhabile 1687 ( 1940 ) Charles Morton

Compendium Physicae in Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XXXIII p. 12(from 1697 transcription of 1687 ms., probablyfirst compiled c1680) Generation .. differs from creation which is either not out of matter or out of matter Inhabile, and Indisposed for such a form: As, To produce a Man out of earth. OED2 1727innominated 1632 T. T. The Whetstone of Reproof (facsimile ed. as English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 361 1977) p. 140

Those innominated men, and as it seemes vnknowne to Cusanus himselfe, .. certaine it is that they were not Caluinists. OED2 1660 only; innominate 1638inoffensably 1638 John Lilburne A Worke of the Beast p.13 Facsimile in 1935 (reprinted 1965) Tracts on Liberty in the Puritan Revolution Vol. II p. 15 I have laboured ever since the Lord in mercy made the riches of his grace knowne to my Soule, to keep a good conscience and walk inoffensably both toward God, & man. OED2 lacksinseat 1609 Robert Johnson Nova Britannia, Offring most Excellent fruites by Planting in Virginia p. B2r We so passed by their dwellings that inseating ourselues, wee sought not to unsettle them.

OED2 lacksinshave 1777 ( 1972 ) Account of Brigantine Andrew Doria, May. 10, 1777, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 1310 Cash paid James Allenby Coopers Bill & for a Coopers Inshave 1.19.11 OED2 1875insular n c 1625 ( 1882 ) Nathaniel Butler ? The Historye of the Bermudaes (Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXV) p. 21 One of the three insulers (the very same man as you heard occasioned the other two to stay behind at the departure of Sir George Sommers his shyp). OED2 1744 insurrector 1680 ( 1915 ) Thomas Miller Affidavit in Narratives of the Insurrections 1675-1690

p. 157 Sundry fugitives have been entertained among the Albemarle Insurrectors.OED2 †1667

intelligence v 1582 ( 1959 ) Edward Fenton Sea Journal in The Troublesome Voyage of Captain Edward Fenton (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXIII) p.119 Had some conference towching our goinge through the Straights of Magalan, seing we understoode of the Spanishe fleet beinge there .. aswell to supplie our wantes as to forefoote all such messengers as happelie they might sende into the Sowth sea to intelligence of our cominge thither. OED2 1593intelligence 1670- 1671 ( 1683 ) Sir James TurnerPallas Armata (facsimile ed. 1968) Bk. III Ch. xv p. 261 When you send out a smaller part for Intelligence, it must not be far, it is done when an enemy is near; these are to discover, or as it is commonly called to recognosce. OED2 sense 7a (military) 1695intendiment 1613 ( 1928 ) Robert Harcourt A Relation of a Voyage to Guiana (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LX) p. 60 Sr. Walter Raleigh .. if some knowne fortunes had not crossed his first intendiments for the prosecuting of that enterprise, had .. long before this time increased the honour of our nation. OED2 † 1608interjection c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. Biiii verso How knowest a Interieccyon? For he is a parte of reason undeclyned yt betokeneth passion of a mannys soule with an unperfyte voyce, with Joye sorowe, wondre, strede or Indygnacyon. strede ?? OED2 1530interloper 1587 ( 1964 ) Richard Saltonstall & Giles Fletcher Letter, June 19, 1587, in The English Works of Giles Fletcher the Elder p. 350 Our owne contriemen which be here as enterloopers and Staplers have declared to the Senate .. that her Maiestie hath set all men at libertie in England to shipp clothes whether they will. Letter from Hambrough = Hamburg to the Company of Merchant Adventurers OED2 c1590internal ( n ) 1810 ( 1951 ) John E. Caldwell A Tour through Part of Virginia p. 38 The internal of the house contains specimens of all the different orders. OED2 lacks this sense (interior now standard in this sense , only from 1828)interpretress 1744 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman

The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Jul.y 5, 1744 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 100 Mrs. Kellog of Suffield being Interpretress.

OED2 1775invalued 1683 ( 1989 ) Francis Howard Letter to P. P. Howard, 28 July 1683 in Papers of Francis Howard, Baron Howard of Effingham p. 5 The greatest pleasures in the world are invalued to me if you want [your health]. OED2 invalue (v1) rare -1 1673 onlyinvocator 1684 ( 1951 ) Richard Bovet

Pandaemonium , or the Devil’s Cloyster Ch. vi p. 69 Spirits .. of divers forms and shapes, in which they ordinarily shewed themselves to their Invocators.

OED2 †a1641

Ionic 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, Apr. 14, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 108 M. Thomas Sackford .. hath a notable fyne howse whose bwyldingis of the yonyque piller. OED2 sense 2 1585ironing box 1747 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Feb. 10, 1747 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 149 I set Johnson to do me a small jobb, the mending a small ironing box. SEE SLIP FOR IRONING-BOX 1744 OED2 1759ironing-box 1744 ( 1960 ) Benjamin Franklin An Account of the New Invented Pennsylvanian Fire-Places in Papers of Benjamin F ranklin Vol. 2 p. 438 If they are kept clean, they are as sweet as an Ironing-Box, which, tho’ ever so hot, never offends the Smell of the nicest Lady. OED2 1759irreclamable 1612 ( 1969 ) Proc. Virginia.. p. 91 in Jamestown Voyages under the First Charter (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. cxxxvi) p. 450 Bring the irreclamable Dutch men .. among his ambuscadoes .. as not manie of them shoulde ever haue returned. (= “unreclaimable”, perhaps with a more literal shading of meaning) OED2 lacks irrespective 1609 Robert Gray A Good Speed to Virginia B1 verso (facsimile ed. 1937) The Christian part of the world did plainly bewray this improuident and irrespective neglect of God’s prouidence and bountie. OED2 1640itineracy (itinerancy) 1745 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer

Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Apr. 25, 1745 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 116 Disorderly New Lights .. had even set up a Meeting House for Itineracy. OED2 1789jack plane 1775 ( 1966 ) Capt. Bernard Romans

Letter, Nov. 16, 1775 in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.2 p. 1046 I thought passing the jack plane over one side of the lining was the least that could be done. OED2 1812-16jack-leg knife (jockteleg) 1776 ( 1968 )

Virginia Gazette, Mar. 22, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.4 p. 458 Forrester seized the opportunity, and, leaped into the canoe, cut the painter with a jack-leg knife. OED2 beta form ( jack-lag ) 1777; jack-leg 1822jackal 1589 ( 1891 ) P. I. in Hakluyt’s Principall Navigations (1589 ed.) inEarly Voyages and Travels to Russia and Persia (Hakluyt Soc. Ser. 1, No. LXXXIII p. 425They went to Shauaran, where (as they lodged in their tent) they were greatly molested with strange troopes of scholcaues, or foxes, which were so busie with them that they tooke their meate and victuals out of their lodgings. OED2 1603jackass penguin 1817 Amasa Delano

A Narrative of Voyages and Travel in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres (facsimile ed. 1970) Ch. XV p. 262 The jackass penguin, is so called from the noise it makes, and from not being so handsome as either of the other kinds. OED2 1863

Jacobitish 1696 ( 1951 ) Richard Bovet A Poem &c (in Richard Bovet Pandaemonium 1951 ed. p. 141)Title A Poem Humbly presented to His most Excellent Majesty King William the Third Upon His most Miraculous and Happy Preservation from that Barbarous Jacobitish Conspiracy to Assasinate His Royal Person. OED2 1703jaghire 1611 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 154 His jaguir or land which hee was to have of the Kinge by the hand of Abdelasan the secretarie. OED2 1684jaghire 1632 ( 1914 ) Peter Mundy Journal, Aug. 12, 1632, in The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. VIII (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 2 p. 86 In this place .. sits a Governour of a Jaggueere, whoe hath under him 1200 small Townes. OED2 1684Jamaica 1736 Benjamin Franklin Poor Richard, 1737 an Almanack unpaged, June (facs. in The Complete Poor Richard Almanacks, 1970, p. 108) Boy, bring a Bowl of China here,Fill it with Water cool and clear:Decanter with Jamaica right, And Spoon of Silver clean and Bright. OED2 ellipt. 1775jar ( v ) 1728 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Aug. 14, 1728 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 33 It was So hard Thunder that the house Jarr’d in some sort as in an Earthquake. OED2 sense 5 1735jemmy 1751 ( 1974 ) Francis Coventry

Pompey the Little (from 3rd ed.) Bk. II Ch vi p. 145 His great ambition was to be deemed a jemmy fellow, for which purpose, he appeared always in the morning in a New-Market frock, decorated with a great number of green, red or blue capes.

OED2 1753Jersey wagon 1778 ( 1947 ) Thomas Hughes

Sept. 28, 1778 in A Journal by Thos: Hughes p. 42 6 of us hired a Jersey waggon for which we paid a guinea pr head.

Massachusetts OED2, DA 1811 Jerusalem oak 1708 ( 1977 ) William Byrd IILetter to Hans Sloane, Sep. 10, 1708 inThe Correspondence of the Three William Byrds of Westover, Virginia p. 266 In another paper is a seed of the Jerusalem oak as we call it, which kills worms better than any wormseed I ever heard of.

The plant you mention under the name of Jerusalem oak is the botrys ambroscoides mexiocana of Casper Bauhine & other herbarists. (Hans Sloane, Dec. 7, 1709 p. 272) OED2 lacks as entry but in 1770 quot. under wormseed. DA lacks.jet d’eau 1677 ( 1953 ) John Locke Aug. 25, 1677, in Locke’s Travels in France p. 164 There rises a sheaf of water made of 173 jet

d’eaux joynd close together in a bunch, besides severall other great jet d’eaux of great bores rising high. At Versailles OED2 1706jigg, gigg (jig) 1760 ( 1961 ) John Adams Diary Nov. 1760 Adams Papers Diary and Autobiog.raphy Vol I p.172 A Market Girl whom he asked to let him jigg her? answered by asking what is that? What good will that do? He replied it will make you fat! Pray be so good then says the Girl as to Gigg my Mare. She’s miserably lean.

OED2 lacks (undoubtedly omitted in 1850 edition by JA’s grandson)cf. jig-a-jig sense 2 1896jigger n1 1768 ( 1973 ) Ashley Bowen Journal, Mar. 12, 1768, in The Journals of Ashley Bowen (1728-1813) of Marblehead (Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XLIV) p. 174

At noon fixed part of a small mainsail for a jigger. Normalized spelling OED2 sense 2d 1860jimber-jawed 1834 ( 1951 ) William A. Caruthers

The Kentuckian in New-York Vol. 1 xviii p. 195 Some .. pushed out the under jaw, like a person who (to use a Southern term) is jimber -jawed. OED2 1848-60, DA 1830John-Bullism 1791 ( 1972 ) Fanny Burney Letter, Aug. 13, 1791, in The Journal and Letters of Fanny Burney Vol. 1 p. 8 We were now touched to shake off a part of the John Bullism that had encrusted us, & ask them [French travellers] to our sitting Room, to drink Tea. OED2 1796 (FB also)joint 1869 ( 1994 ) William Henry Jackson Diary June 28, 1869 in Mike Foster Strange Genius, the Life of F. V. Hayden p. 169 In the evening had to go around to Madame Cleveland’s [brothel] & was much surprised to see Dr. Hayden.. He acted like a cat in a strange joint. OED2 sense 14 1877 (and dubious 1821)joint grass 1775 ( 1846 ) Isaac SenterJournal Oct. 11, 1775 (Hist. Soc. Penna.), p. 10 (facsmile reprint 1969) Made an exceedingly luxurious bed with the blue joint grass, which this river land produces in great plenty, not less than five or six feet high. (On Arnold’s expedition in northern Maine. Journal was clearly reworked before author’s death in 1799, but this looks like on-the -spot usage.) OED2 1790Jolly Roger 1783 ( 1969 ) William Williams Mr. Penrose The Journal of Penrose, Seaman p. 225 We happened to mention the word dross, meaning the Money those Sons of Jolly Roger had buried. OED2 1785 (dict.); 1883 (use)jolly-boat 1634 ( 1914 ) Peter Mundy Journal in The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XIX (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 2 p. 317 Haveing tryed the Currant sundrie tymes with our Jolly boate. OED2 1727-41jolt 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, Apr. 13, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 108 A sea comyng yn to hym fel upon the orlop so deep that every jowlt he lay in the water crying for help. OED2 1599 (sense 2 1632)

journalizing 1791 ( 1972 ) Fanny Burney Journal, Oct. , 1791, in The Journal and Letters of Fanny Burney Vol. 1 p. 72 Though another Month has begun since i left my dearest of Friends, I have had no Journalising spirit. OED2 1796Judasly a 1638 John Lilburne A Worke of the Beast p.12 Facsimile in 1935 (reprinted 1965) Tracts on Liberty in the Puritan Revolution Vol. II p. 14 [Chillington] did that which hee did against mee for pvrchasing his owne liberty which hee hath by such Judasly meanes gott and obtained. OED2 a1626 onlyjugulate 1651 ( 1984 ) Thomas Vaughan The Second Wash in The Works of Thomas Vaughan p. 393 This thou doest call a jugulating Objection, thou objecting Jugler.

OED2 dict. 1623, usage 1677junk-bottle 1741 ( 1973 ) Ashley Bowen Letter, 1809, in The Journals of Ashley Bowen (1728-1813) of Marblehead (Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XLIV) p. 10

He looking earnest at me, said, “You are a knowing Dog! You may fill me a junk bottle of rum!” Direct quote suggests dating by the incident rather than the record is safe. Speaker was an R N midshipman, in a Massachusetts harbor.Normalized spelling OED2 1805jury-mast 1593 ( 1959 ) Appraisement of the Golden Dragon in English Privateering Voyages to the West Indies 1588-1595 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXI) p. 230 The hull of the said shipp beinge .. without eany mastes savinge a bad foremaste & a Jewry mast. (Spelling can’t have any etym. significance, could it?) OED2 1616, but see slip 1590jutt (jut) n2 1774 ( 1957 ) Philip V. Fithian

Journal & Letters of PVF Mar. 18, 1773 p. 80 There is a beautiful Jutt .. eighteen feet long, & eight Feet deep from the wall which is supported by three tall pillars. OED2 lacks arch. sense but cf. sense 1 1786kedge 1606 ( 1969 ) Orders for the Council in Virginia in Jamestown Voyages under theFirst Charter (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. cxxxvi) p. 53 Take her Sails and Anchors A Shore all but a Small Kedge to ride by. Editor footnotes “Miscopied by scribe as ‘ledge.’ “ OED2 1769 (kedger 1626)kedgeree 1630 ( 1914 ) Peter Mundy Journal in The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. V (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 2 p. 27 Ordinarilie wee have dopeage and Rice, Kercheere, and achare or pickled Manges. OED2 1662keg (v ) 1776 ( 1789 ) Thomas Anburey Travels through the Interior Parts of Americain a Series of Letters (1969 facsimile ed.) Vol. I p.193 “I’ll keg myself for six months “ ... it is a cant word that the soldiers have among them, when they wish to refrain from liquors, they take an oath that for such a limited time they will not touch any spirits whatever. (British army)(Dated letters appear concocted from recollections or notes, but should be reliable for usage at date) OED I lacks this sense

kennel 1607 ( 1955 ) Dobsons Drie Bobbes Ch. 14 p. 89 He went to a painter in the citie, and procured him to draw at large and in liuely colours, a kennell of Foxes, marching in array of battaile. OED2 sense 2b 1641kern v 1578 ( 1589 ) Anthony Parkhurst Letter inHakluyt’s Principall Navigations (facs. ed. 1965) p. 676 I finde salte kerned on the rockes in nine and fortie [degrees of lat.].

OED2 sense 2 1600killick 1630 ( 1931 ) John Winthrop Journal, Dec. 22, 1630, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 2 . p. 272 The winde ouerblewe so muche at n: w: as they were forced to come to a Killick at 20. fath. ** Quot. in OED2, with spelling modernized to 1825killing 1836 Capt. George Back Narrative of the Arctic Land Expedition p. 283 Nor was it without the most laborious, or, as they called it, killing exertion, that [the boat] was at length hauled to a shelter. (“they” were Canadian boatmen) OED2 sense 2d 1850kimono 1637 ( 1919 ) Peter Mundy Journal , Aug. 11, 1637, inThe Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XXVI (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 3 p. 270 The said weomen when they are within Doores wear overall a Certaine large wide sleeved vest called Japan kamaones or kerimaones, because it is the ordinary garment worne by Japoneses, there beeing Many Dainty ones broughtt From thence off died silke. In Portuguese households in Macao ? = kimono OED2 1886 or karamo a different Japanese word?king penguin 1817 Amasa Delano A Narrative of Voyages and Travel in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres (facsimile ed. 1970) Ch. XV p. 262 The king penguin is as large as a goose, walks erect, its legs projecting directly out behind; it stands upright, and at a distance resembles a man.

OED2 1885king-crab 1612 ( 1953 ) William Strachey The Historie of Travell into Virginia Britania(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd Ser., No. CIII) p. 128There be twoo sorts of Sea-Crabbes, and the one our people call a king Crabb, and they are taken in Shoall waters from the Shoare a dozen at a tyme hanging one vpon anothers tayle, they are of a Foote in length and half a foote in breadth, having many leggs and a long tayle, the Indians seldome eate of this kynd. OED2 1698king-fish 1735 John Atkins A Voyage to Guinea, Brazil, & the West Indies in his Majesty’s Ships, the Swallow and Weymouth (facsimile reprint 1970) p. 208 The Sea gives them [Barbadians] plenty of flying Fish, Dolphins, Barricuda and King Fish. (Madeira) OED2 sense 4a 1772-84kiosk 1599 ( 1893 ) Thomas Dallam Journal inEarly Voyages and Travels in the Levant

(Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXXXVI) p. 78 Close to the sea sid Dothe stande a prittie fine litle buldinge which theye cale a Cuske, made for a bancketing house.

OED2 1625kip-net 1611 ( 1982 ) Inventory, in Newfoundland Discovered (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 160) p. 67 1 dozen of kipp nett irons hookes, leades, lynes. OED2 1622kitatega 1776 ( 1972 ) Providence Gazette, Oct. 26, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 1233 Two carriages, one a Phaeton, the other a Kitatega. (referred to a chaise elsewhere) ? OED2 lacks kite 1777 ( 1986 ) Capt. Hector McNeill Letter, July 21, 1777, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol. 9 p. 305 As the Hancock & Fox had Engag’d with all their small kites out, they were both in the most helpless condition at the end of the Action. OED2 sense 5a 1856knitchel 1670- 1671 ( 1683 ) Sir James TurnerPallas Armata (facsimile ed. 1968) Bk. III Ch. xxiv p. 317 Fascines .. are bundles or knitchels of the twigs and smaller branches of Trees, in every one whereof there should be Stones to make them sink, they should be six or seven foot long.JT was Scottish, and allowed occasional Scoticisms into his book. OED2 1500-20 and 1901 dial. dict.knoll 1776 ( 1968 ) Journal, H.M. Sloop Otter, Mar. 8, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.4 p. 272 At 5 found the Ship to strike, found her on one of the Knowles 10 foot water. OED2 sense 1b 1867 dict. ref. onlyknurly 1758 ( 1961 ) John Adams Diary Dec. 3,1758 Adams Papers Diary and Autobiog.raphy Vol I p.60 He is like a little nurley ill natured Horse in OED2 but with spelling “corrected” by 1850 editorkosher 1779 ( 1915 ) David Lopez, Jr. Letter, May 3, 1779, in Commerce of Rhode Island 1726-1800 Vol. 2, p. 57 Mr. Mendes promised to forward some Goods from Tafts Tavern for old Mr. Trevett which with the wine and a bb. of Cosher Beef he engaged to send us may probably make a load sufficient to induce a Teamster to come down. OED2 1851krang (kreng) 1819 Capt. John Ross A Voyage of Discovery for the purpose of Exploring Baffins Bay p.71 The remains are turmed adrift to be devoured by the birds, being termed Krang by the sailors. OED2 krang 1835 (under kreng); crang (why separate entry?) 1821lachryma Christi c 1603 ( 1972 ) Thomas Rogers

Leicester’s Ghost stanza 77, line 534 p. 26 What if I dranke nothing but Liquid Gold,Lachryma Christi, pearle resolved in wyne. Lactrina Cristall in 1641 printing; Lactirmia Christi in ms. Scribal error corrected by editor.EDITOR SUPPLIES AUTHORSHIP AND DATE. OED2 has 9 quots. attributed to Parsons a1610 OED2 1670-81

lachrymy 1632 A. H. [Henry Hawkins]Partheneia Sacra (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol.

81 1971) p. 139 Sometimes againe he will be in a melancholie dump, and strik such Notes, as Dowland himself neuer strock, in al his Plaints and Lachrymies. OED2 lackslader 1776 ( 1968 ) New York Comm. of Safety

Minutes, Jan 24, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.3 p. 957 It is also in the power of the laders of such vessels to lade other produce.

OED2 ?obs. last quot. 1755lady in the lobster 1687 ( 1940 ) Charles Morton

Compendium Physicae in Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XXXIII p. 130 (from 1697 transcription of 1687 ms., probably first compiled c1680) Lobsters ..have by nature given to them teeth in the Stomack (commonly called the lady in the lobster). “I shall sitt like the Lady of the Lobster” 1653 in The Letters of Dorothy Osborne to William Temple (1928) p. 42, with a footnote to Herrick Hesperides 1648 OED2 sense 10 1704lancespesade 1670- 1671 ( 1683 ) Sir James TurnerPallas Armata (facsimile ed. 1968) Bk. III Ch. xi p. 218 Lancespesate is a word deriv’d from the Italian, Lance spesata, which signifies a broken or spent Lance. .. When a Gentleman of a Troop of Horse .. had broke his Lance on the enemy, and lost his horse in the Scuffle, he was entertained .. by a Captain of a Foot Company as his Comerade, till he was again mounted. .. In a short time our Monsieur Lancespesata .. was forc’d to descend .. and became the Corporals Companion. .. But when the Caporal grew weary of the comradeship of his Lancespesata he made him officiate under him and for that had some allowance of pay more than the common Soldier.

An etymology, for whatever it’s worth.landscape 1637 ( 1883 ) Thomas Morton New English Canaan p. 122 The riches of which Country I have set forth in this abstract as in a Landskipp, for the better information of the Travellers. OED2 sense 4g 1681-6langrage 1593 ( 1959 ) Appraisement of the Golden Dragon in English Privateering Voyages to the West Indies 1588-1595 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXI) p. 231 lxij crosse barre shott xj langringe shott & CCxx rounde shott more of iron we valewe together iijli ijs Note per slips that variants of both forms (langrage langrel ) go back to 16c.

OED2 1769langrel 1590 ( 1959 ) James Robinson

Inventory of the White Lion in English Privateering Voyages to the West Indies 1588-1595 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXI) p. 75 400 Round shot 140 crossebar shot 30 langerill shot. OED2 1627, but see slips Wyatt 1596 and Scott 1605langrel c 1595 ( 1899 ) Capt. Wyatt Narrative in The Voyage of Robert Dudley to the West Indies (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.III) p. 59

[He] toke out of the rome good store of powlder of rownde shott, of langrell shot, gads of steele for dice shott and cross-barrs.

OED2 1627, but see slip Scott 1606 and Robinson. 1590langrel 1606 ( 1943 ) Edmund Scott An Exact Discourse in The Voyage of Sir Henry Middleton to the Moluccas (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXVIII) p. 139 Our men being busie every day making of chain, langrell and crossbar shot.

OED2 1627, but see slips Wyatt 1595 and Robinson 1590langrel 1615 ( 1971 ) Capt. WilliamKeeling

Journal, June 20, 1615, in The East India Company Journals of Capt. William Keeling and Master Thomas Bonner, 1615-1617 p. 85 Wehave recd from the Hope .. 11 langwell demi-cullverin shott. OED2 1627, but see slips Robinson 1590, Wyatt 1595 and Scott 1606. Does this variant suggest any etym.?lannut 1775 ( 1846 ) Isaac SenterJournal Nov. 8, 1775 (Hist. Soc. Penna.), p. 25 (facsmile reprint 1969) Canadian mechanicks at work making scaling ladders, lannuts &c.

Ladders, lannuts &c were in readiness for crossing. (Nov. 13, p. 26) (On Arnold’s expedition in Quebec. Journal was clearly reworked before author’s death in 1799, but this looks like on-the-spot usage.) ?? OED2 lacks lantern 1639 ( 1925 ) Peter Mundy The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XXXI (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LV) Vol. 4 p. 35 Shee hath 5 greatt lanthornes. In the biggest may stand 12 or 13 men. “The great Royall Sovereigne “ OED2 Sense 3c “Some part of a ship.” Pepys diary 1661 only (the same? Soverayne )lanx c 1675 ( 1972 ) John Aubrey Observations Ch. VI, in John Aubrey Three Prose Works p. 353 Mr Potter of Kilmanton his hive of Bees being set in the lanx of a pair of scales, found, that in summerdays they gatherd about half a pound a day. OED2 1857lanyard 1734 William Snelgrove A New Account of some parts of Guinea and the Slave-Trade (facsimile ed. 1971) p. 169

The Negroes endeavoured to get their Cutlaces from them, but the Lineyards (that is the Lines by which the handles of the Cutlaces were fastned to the Mens Wrists) were so twisted in the Scuffle, that they could not get them off. OED2 lacks variantlapel 1776 ( 1972 ) Continental Marine Committee

Minutes , Sep. 5, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 715 Resolved That the Uniform of the Officers in the Navy of the United States be as follows.Captains Blue Cloth with Red Lappels, Slash Cuff, Stand up Collor. OED2 1789large v 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, July 15, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582

(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 152 The wynd somwhat larged toward the sowthwest. OED2 sense 3 1622large 1591 ( 1964 ) Giles Fletcher The Russe Commonwealth Ch. 11 in The English Works of Giles Fletcher the Elder p. 211The Emperours of Russia giue the name of counsellour to diuers of their chiefe Nobilitie, rather for honors sake, then for any vse they make of them about their matters of state. These are called Boiarens without any addition, and may be called Counsellours at large. For they are seldome or neuer called to any publique consultation. OED2 sense 5f 1625largeness a 1617 ( 1899 ) Thomas . Roe Journal in The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.I/2) (reprint 1967) p. 7 They loose in Easteringe by the advantage of the lardgnes of the generall wyndes sometymes 200 or 300 leauges. OED2 lacks sense pertaining to large a, sense15lasher 1635 Capt. Luke Foxe North-west Fox or Fox from the North-west Passage(Facsimile ed. 1965) p. 235 I heard the Cable run forth, and wee had all much adoe to bring the shippe to a bitter, before it was out, end for end. Now you shall understand, that the anchor had Cadged a great while, when comming to take (a sudaine) hold, broke the two Lashers of our Stoppers. OED2 sense 3 1669lasting 1776 ( 1976 ) Boston Independent Chronicle , Nov. 7, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7 p. 72 Will beSold a Auction ..45 Pieces fig. Lastings. OED2 1782latch v 1617 ( 1971 ) Thomas Bonner Journal, Feb. 14, 1617, in The East India Company Journals of Capt. William Keeling and Master Thomas Bonner, 1615-1617 p. 159 We saw the Iland having from Soldania steered NW: 1/2 Wlie; but we surelye latched n[orther]lie for we came into its lattd 60 l[eague]s short thereof to the eastward. OED2 lacks; noun 1687 only, but see slip Keeling 1617 latch n2 1617 ( 1971 ) Capt. WilliamKeeling Journal in The East India Company Journals of Capt. William Keeling and Master Thomas Bonner, 1615-1617p. 53 Lett noe man expect an exact reckoning of the shipps traverse in respect of my not watching and therby not seeing the shipp’s latches in her steridge. OED2 1687 only, but see slip latch v. Keeling 1617 lather v 1687 ( 1940 ) Charles Morton Compendium Physicae in Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XXXIII p. 55 (from 1697 transcription of 1687 ms., probably first compiled c1680) The best [waters] be Smooth, light, without Smell, tast or Collour; Such will laver well with Soap. OED2 has v -variant of n. and v. only referring to horses.launcet (lancet) 1777 ( 1986 ) Inventory of North Carolina Brig King Tammany, July 2, 1777, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol. 9 p. 205 Gunners stores ..

45 Launcets (Such inventories usually list spears ) OED2 sense 1b †1752lazaret 1599 ( 1893 ) Thomas Dallam

Journal inEarly Voyages and Travels in the Levant (Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXXXVI) p. 19 All Those which doo com out of any parte of Turkie, havinge not a letter of healthe from some Venition or Ittalion, muste remayne ether a borde the ship, or in the prison which they do cale the lazarett, for ten Dayes. OED2 1611lazaret 1809 ( 1973 ) Ashley Bowen Letter in The Journals of Ashley Bowen (1728-1813) of Marblehead (Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XLIV) p. 10 He ordered me to open our lazarets scuttle.

Recounting events of 1741Normalized spelling OED2 sense 3 1892lazaretto 1704 ( 1927 ) Shipwright’s contract in The Papers of Thomas Bowrey Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LVIII (reprint 1967) p. 134To make sixteen Cabbins, and Cradles if desired, with Lockers Convenient, and a Lazaretto. OED2 sense 3 1711leak 1777 ( 1980 ) Gov. Thomas Johnson Letter, Apr. 1, 1777, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.8 p.245 It might be done with an affected Secrecy and just so much leaked out as to lead to the Conclusion that they were to be put on board a French Fleet. OED2 sense 1b 1832lecture 1582 Richard Hakluyt Divers Voyages Touching the Discouerie of America (facsimile ed. 1966) p. ¶3 verso Nowe if God shoulde put into the head of any noble man to contribute other twentie pounde, to make this lecture a competent liuing for a learned man, the whole realme no doubt might reape no small benefite thereby. OED2 sense 4c 1615leewardness 1612 ( 1969 ) Proc. Virginia.. p.16 in Jamestown Voyages under the First Charter (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. cxxxvi) p.389 ** [ =1624 Smith quot. (but leewardness so spelled)]Editor footnotes “Despite the authority of the OED, which takes the word literally, the editor suggests nothing more specific is intended than that the ship fell short of arriving.”

OED2 1624leveller 1852 ( 1953 ) Abraham Lincoln

[Testimony, Dec. 1852], in Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln Vol. II p. 171Witness has been a civil engineer since 1835, and employed on theUtica and

Canojoharie Railroad, firstly as rodman and leveller. OED2 sense 1f 1860libel 1775 ( 1966 ) Adm. Samuel Graves Letter, Sep. 30, 1775 in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.2 p. 252 In all cases of Seizures where the Cargo or Hull can not be libelled with a tolerable Prospect of being condemned, it is best to allow the Vessel to be unladen and the Cargo sold for the Owners. OED2 sense 3b 1805libel (n ) 1776 ( 1968 ) Legal noticeNew -England Chronicle, July 4, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.5 p. 908

Libels are filed before me in Behalf of the Officers, Marines and Mariners of the Continental armed Vessels, Hancock, Lee, Lynch, Warren and Franklin, against the Ship named the Lord Howe. (Term similarly used in dozens of claims during this

war in Admiralty Courts for judgement of prizes as legally taken) OED2 lacks sense corresponding to libel (v ) sense 3bLiberty-man 1845 ( 1953 ) Abraham Lincoln Letter to W. Durley, Oct. 3, 1845 , in Collected works of Abraham Lincoln Vol. I p. 347

I was not aware of your being what is generally called an abolitionist, or, as you call yourself, a Liberty-man. OED2, DAE lacklima bean 1783 ( 1969 ) William Williams

Mr. Penrose The Journal of Penrose, Seaman p. 115 They went down to their boats and brought up to us .. about half a peck of Lima beans. OED2 1819limberly ( adv ) 1849 ( 1986 ) Herman Melville

Redburn ch. 60 Penguin ed. p. 389The sea was strewn with stuffed bed-ticks, that limberly floated

on the waves.

. OED2 1891lime v 1735 John Atkins A Voyage to Guinea, Brazil, & the West Indies in his Majesty’s Ships, the Swallow and Weymouth (facsimile reprint 1970) p. 24 They are almost all limed, a Preservative against the excesive Heats of the West-Indies, where they are for the most part transported by us, aand where no other Wine keeps as well. (Madeira) OED2 sense 5a 1598 onlylimosity 1652 ( 1984 ) Thomas Vaughan Aula Lucis in The Works of Thomas Vaughan p. 461 All these things have a lumpish, ineffectual outside, but inwardly they are full of a subtil, vital limositie impregnated with fire. (see Vaughan slip depose ) OED2 dict. 1656; no usage quot.linhay 1637 ( 1919 ) Peter Mundy The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XXIII (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 3 p. 132

Houses at Achein ..Their living is in the upper roomes, the lower lying open like a lynny.Mundy was from Cornwall OED2 1695lipper v1 1635 Capt. Luke Foxe North-west Fox or Fox from the North-west Passage(Facsimile ed. 1965) p. 201

This smooth Sea hath a small set from the West, with lippering rising and falling.OED2 1513 (Scot.) and 1853 only

liquorsome 1650 ( 1984 ) Thomas Vaughan The Man-Mouse in The Works of Thomas Vaughan p. 245 You have something to prove it, a Liquorsome Desire that I have to be thought some great man in the world . And why a Liquorsome desire?Doe I desire some Liquor, when I desire Greatnes ? Apparently quoting and mocking H. More’s Observations of the same year OED2 1656 (H. More)lisp ( n ) 1749 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Apr. 12, 1749

(American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 194 Of this he had writ me a Line .. but which I had never receiv’d nor knew one Lisp of till I got to Sudbury. see slip for lisp (v) OED2 lacks this sense.lisp ( v ) 1754 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Aug. 28, 1754 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 280 We act an odd part towards each other -- afraid of lisping the least word of our uneasiness. see slip for lisp (n) OED2 lacks this sense.litch 1612 ( 1953 ) William Strachey The Historie of Travell into Virginia Britania(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd Ser., No. CIII) p. 75 Cordage, which they make of their naturall hemp and flax .. preserving the whole yeare great Litches or bundells of the same to be vsed vpon any occacion. OED2 †1609lob 1670 ( 1992 ) Henry More Letter, Sep. 15, 1670, in The Conway Letters p. 307 His [Henry Nicolas’] conceit of himself, that he was the highest illuminated man in the world that ever was or could be (as Hobbes takes himself to be the lob of philosophers). ?? All OED2 senses of lob are neutral or pejorative.lobbered 1849 ( 1986 ) Herman Melville

Redburn ch. 6 Penguin ed. p. 76A sort of thick lobbered gravy, which I afterward learned was boiled out of the salt

beef used by the sailors. (cf. lob n2 sense 5 and loblolly )OED2 lacksLondon particular 1789 ( 1962 ) Alexander Hamilton

Report on Public Credit in Papers of Alexander Hamilton Vol. VI p. 102 Duties.. upon every gallon of Madeira Wine, of the quality of London particular, thirty-five cents. Upon every gallon of other Madeira wine, thirty cents. OED2 particular sense 7a(a) 1807 (only 7a(b) (=fog) under London )long oyster c 1650 ( 1936 ) Peter Mundy inThe Travels of Peter Mundy , in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXVIII) (reprint 1967) Vol.V p. 7 Longoisters, like lobsters butt bigger. In list of shellfish of Cornwall OED2 def., no quot.long togs 1849 ( 1986 ) Herman Melville

Redburn ch. 6 Penguin ed. p.126 My shore clothing, or ‘long togs ‘ as the sailors call them. OED2 dict. ref., no quot.longer v 1755 ( 1973 ) Ashley Bowen

Journal, in The Journals of Ashley Bowen (1728-1813) of Marblehead (Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XLIV) p. 43

As we were so long in loading after longering that on our passage we ship a sea and upset all our fish that was longered. Normalized spelling(Apparently the delay in loading resulted in a February sailing and winter seas) OED2 lacks verb corresponding to longer n2look down 1809 ( 1968 ) Roger Lamb Journal of Occurrences during the Late American War (facsimile reprint) p. 61 Such a powerful force, as would look down all opposition, and effectuate submission, without bloodshed. OED2 look sense 33e 1812

losh 1582 ( 1959 ) Richard Madox Diary, Aug. 23, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 173 We saw .. 2 loses of a brown color with short tayles and rownd flat horns as byg as 3 yer old bullocks, very grosse and fat.

Sierra Leone Editor (E. S. Donno) glosses “oxen.” Madox didn’t see an elk in Africa, but then he had probably never seen one anywhere else either. A buffalo, perhaps? ? OED2 losh (=elk) 1583. lot (v ) 1686 ( 1977 ) William Byrd Letter to Perry & Lane, Nov. 10 ,1686 inThe Correspondence of the Three William Byrds of Westover, Virginia p. 65 I have been mighty unhappy in the Negro’s by Capt. James, Mr. Hartwell stopping the ship at towne, Mr. Peter Perry Mr. Harrison & himselfe lotted them there, & kept the ship 3 or 4 days in bitter cold weather; all that had the small pox (it seems) happened into my lott.

OED2 sense 7 1709louis d’or 1675 ( 1953 ) John Locke Dec. 26, 1675, in Locke’s Travels in France p. 8 A bird they call passer solitarius .. that sing very well .. The owner of this asked 3 Luidors for it. OED2 1689lower case 1713 JamesWatson The History of the Art of Printing (facsimile ed. 1965) p. 62

[ AContemplation upon the Mystery of Man’s Regeneration in Allusion to the Mystery of Printing]

Make, O make our Souls and Senses, The Upper and the Lower Cases.

OED2 lacks as entry (see sort 1839) See slip Smith 1755lower case 1755 John Smith The Printer’s Grammar (facsimile ed. 1965) p. 50 The Lower Case Sorts consist of Common, or Small letters—Points—Spaces, and Quadrats. OED2 lacks as entry (see sort 1839) See slip Watson 1713loyalist 1681 ( 1963 ) William Fitzhugh Letter to Henry Hartwell, June 19 ,1681 in William Fitzhugh and his Chesapeake World p. 95 Mind Mr. Clayton to provide Institutions for our intended Society, & to take care that none be admitted therein but Loyalists, & then I don’t question, but we shall continue in order & obedience as Loyalists. Editor’s footnote: “ Presumably WF refers to a society of lawyers. ..By ‘Loyalists’ he may mean supporters of the Stuarts..” But surelythis would not have been in question in 1681. Virginia politics of the time (Bacon’s rebellion 1676) would seem to offer enough scope for loyalty vs. disloyalty. OED2 1685 ludificate c 1680 ( 1915 ) anon TheHistory of Bacon’s and Ingram’s Rebellion, 1676 in Narratives of the Insurrections 1675-1690 p. 93 Counting it no sin to Ludificate those for there good, that had been deceved by others to there hurt. OED2 dict. refs. only, no quot.

lumber 1789 ( 1962 ) Joseph Whipple Letter to A. H., Dec. 19,1789, in Papers of Alexander Hamilton Vol. VI p. 22 Lumber* [footnote] a general term given here [New Hampshire] to all our products of Wood when in a raw or unmanufactured State, Vizt, Pine & Oak Boards, plank and timber, Staves, Hoops, Shingles, &c. OED2 has usage, but not precise def.lumber port 1809 Capt. LemuelRoberts

Memoirs (facsimile reprint 1969) p. 76 I crept out of the lumber port, reaching a fender ..., on this fender I hung and reaching the rope that held the boat, drew her up under the port. recounting events in 1778 OED2 1838lump v 1828 John Neal Rachel Dyer (facsimile ed. 1964) Ch. V p. 70 I will say that much, afore I stop, Mr. Sheriff Berry, an’ (dropping his voice) if you don’t like it, you may lump it. OED2 sense 2 1833lurch n3 1773 ( 1973 ) Ashley Bowen Journal, Nov. 22, 1773, in The Journals of Ashley Bowen (1728-1813) of Marblehead (Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XLV) p. 371

As two lads, servants of Mr. Joseph Abbot, were arriving at sea on board his schooner a sudden lurch of the schooner they both fell overboard and were drownded.

Normalized spelling OED2 1819, but see slip Hutchinson 1776lurch (n3 ) 1776 ( 1972 ) Capt. W. A. Halsted Hutchinson Letter, Sep. 19, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 903 Every lee Lurch that she took we had the disagreeable prospect, of seeing the upper Works of the Forecastle carried away with the Anchors. (Confirms OED2 suggestion that lurch originated from lee-lurch ) OED2 1819, but see slip Bowen 1773lurch (n3 ) 1792 Jeremy Belknap The Foresters, An American Tale (facsimile ed. 1969) She had a strange lurch for embroidered petticoats and high waving plumes. (p. 22)

In the family of Roger Carrier there seemed to be a predominant lurch for knavery. (p. 180) OED2 sense 2 1854lusty 1609 Robert Johnson Nova Britannia, Offring most Excellent fruites by Planting in Virginia p. B4v The soile is strong and lustie of it [sic ] own nature. OED2 sense 5d 1601 onlymacaroni penguin 1817 Amasa Delano

A Narrative of Voyages and Travel in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres (facsimile ed. 1970) Ch. XV p. 262 The macaroni penguin .. has a number of long fibres or feathers, resembling the long hairs around the mouth of a cat, giving it a macaroni look, from which it takes its name. OED2 sense 3 1838Mackintosh 1828 Capt. William E. Parry

Narrative of an Attempt to Reach the North Pole p. 72The bag being made of Mackintosh’s waterproof canvas, the cocoa did not suffer

the slightest injury. OED2 1836 (attrib. rather than possessive form)mackintosh 1860 Francis GaltonThe Art of Travel

3rd ed. p.53 Macintosh, of the sort that suits all climates, is invaluable stuff to an explorer. OED2 Sense 3 (the material) 1880macrometer 1819 Capt. John Ross A Voyage of Discovery for the purpose of Exploring Baffins Bay p. xviii A list of instruments .. Hydrometer, by Jones. .. One dip micrometer, invented by Dr. Wollaston, by ditto. .. One macrometer, ditto, ditto, ditto.

OED2 1825magnale 1674 ( 1988 ) John Josselyn Two Voyages to New England p. 91(1988 ed. as John Josselyn, Colonial Traveler p. 65)Thus much for these magnals among the Creatures of God to be wondered at. OED2 †1665mahwa 1632 ( 1914 ) Peter Mundy Journal, Aug. 24, 1632, in The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. VIII (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 2 p. 96 A litle without the Towne .. wee past by some howses, where they made Rack of Mowa, a kinde of fruite in this Countrie. OED2 1684mailing 1630 ( 1931 ) Edward Smith Bill, Mar. 5, 1630, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 2 . p. 216 For corde and porterege: Mallinge and carringe 00.00.06 OED2 †1578makeshift 1766 ( 1964 ) John Byron Journal, Mar. 25, 1766, in Byron’s Journal of his Circumnavigation (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd Ser., No. CXXII) p. 140 The Tamar steered well with it, but as this Machine is at best only a make Shift, & not calculated for bad weather .. I gave Capt. Cumming Orders to run down to Antigua, there to heave down & get his rudder hung again. OED2 1802-12mal-behaviour 1758 ( 1951 ) George Washington

Letter, July 16, 1758, in The Papers of Henry BouquetVol. 2 p. 222The Malbehaviour of our Indians gives me great concern. OED2 †1736malace c 1673 ( 1972 ) John Aubrey Observations Ch. VII, in John Aubrey Three Prose Works p. 357 By the Severne-side at Worcester, in a malace when no wind stirres els where, is constantly a fine fresh brize of wind. OED2 1623 dict. only, no usage found.manioc 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 154 Ther chief brede is made of a certeine rote called mandioc.Barlow adapted a Spanish book and sometimes simply anglicised Spanish words, but here appears to be drawing on his own experience (on Spanish ships). OED2 1568marbleize 1849 ( 1986 ) Herman Melville

Redburn ch.30 Penguin ed. p.206A time-darkened, mossy old book, in marbleized binding, much resembling verd-

antique. OED2 1875mare’s tail 1581 ( 1963 ) William Bourne An Almanacke and Prognostication for x. yeeres ..

in A Regiment for the Sea (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXXI) p. 399 If that the skie aloft bee full of long streames like vnto Horses and Mares tayles, that is a token of great Southerly windes to followe. Still a simile rather than a transferred sense?

OED2 sense 2 1775maria-glass 1776 John Seiferth Metallurgic Chymistry [translated from the German of C. E. Gellert by John Seiferth] p. 12 Plaster-spar or selenite .. When it splits easily, it is called maria glass, in German spiegel stein. OED2 1896 dict. onlymarksman 1606 ( 1969 ) Orders for the Council in Virginia in Jamestown Voyages under theFirst Charter (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. cxxxvi) p. 52 Whensoever any of Yours Shoots before them be sure that they be Chosen out of your best Markesmen. OED2 1660marl 1617 ( 1971 ) Capt. WilliamKeeling Journal, Jan. 8, 1617, in The East India Company Journals of Capt. William Keeling and Master Thomas Bonner, 1615-1617 p. 159 I trimmed [cloth pieces] & repacked them in the same chest, covered it with canvas, marled and m[ar]ked it with the Comps m[ar]ke.

OED2 sense 2 1704marling spike (marlinspike) 1715 ( 1972 ) John

Fontaine Journal Jan. 3, 1715 p. 55 We see some birds we call marling spikes, murs and rake bats. OED2 sense 2 1867, gloss. and dict. onlymaroon 1734 William Snelgrove A New Account of some parts of Guinea and the Slave-Trade (facsimile ed. 1971) p. 197

These having been with one Captain Moody, a famous Pirate, some months before, in a Brigantine, which sailed very well, and took the Rising Sun, they were morooned by him, (as they call it) that is forced on board that Ship, and deprived of that share of the Plunder; taken formerly by the Brigantine.Events in 1719 OED2 cf. sense 2, but here on another ship rather than an island.marshalsea 1586 ( 1981 ) Journal of the Leicester, Jan. 10, 1586, in Sir Francis Drake’s West Indian Voyage 1585-86 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 148) p. 151 Whilst we were there [Cartagena], there wear 30 or 40 souldiours committed to the Marshalsy for contempt and disobedyence to there captens. An extreme case of OED2 sense 2 (1657) “prisons elsewhere than in London” ?Martinist a 1595 ( 1618 ) Sir Roger Williams The Actions of the Lowe Countries p. C1 in The Works of Sir Roger Williams (1972) p. 66 Diuers brawles and bickerings fell out in Antwerpe, betwixt them of the religion, the Martinists, and Papists. (“The religion” = Calvinism) OED2 cf. sense 2 1751maskall 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 108 The people .. have botes made of one tree so brode that a tonne maskall maye lie init Editor (E. G. R. Taylor) footnotes “A tun

maskall was a wine measure.” (Barlow translated a Spanish book and sometimes simply anglicised Spanish words. I don’t know here) OED2 lacksmasquenongez (maskinonge) 1789 Thomas

Anburey Travels through the Interior Parts of Americain a Series of Letters (1969 facsimile ed.) Vol. I p. 274 Great quantities and variety of fish; sturgeon, black bass, masquenongez, pike.

OED2 1796 and lacks this spellingmassoola 1615 ( 1934 ) in Peter Floris, his Voyage to the East Indies in the Globe 1611-1615 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXIV) (reprint 1967) p. 8 There laye a greate shippe att roade with dyvers masulls and boates. OED2 1685 Hobson-Jobson 1678masting vbl.n.2 1543 ( 1975 ) Account in Sidney Ironworks Accounts 1541-1573(Camden 4th Ser. Vol. 15) p. 50 Money received for pannage .. For the mastynge of one sowe and iii shotts iii s iii d. OED2 def. “The action of producing mast” does not fit either quot. Better: 1543 “Allowing mast” 1760 “Feeding on mast” OED2 1760matchcoat 1612 ( 1969 ) Capt. John Smith A Map of Virginia in Jamestown Voyages under the First Charter (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. cxxxvi) p.331 Matchcores. Skins, or garments. The Algonquin language of Virginia is certainly more relevant for etym. than the Odjibwa word given in OED2mathe 1605 JamesRosierATrue Relation of the Most Prosperous Voyage .. (p. 2 of unpaged text), inThe English New England Voyages 1602-1608 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 161) p. ?? The sounding was some small blacke perrie sand, some reddish sand, a match or two, with small shels called Saint James his Shels. Editors (D.B and A. M.Quinn) footnote match is a printer’s error for mathe. This is in the Channel approaches, where Bourne notes mathey ground. OED2 †1523 (except Scottish), but see slipmathey Bourne a1571mathey adj. a 1571 ( 1963 ) William Bourne An Almanacke and Prognostication for three yeares .. in A Regiment for the Sea (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXXI) p. 91 Then if you be at .60. or .64 fadomes, you shall fynde small sande and mathey grounde, and you shalbe neare the Coaste of Uishaunt. OED2 lacks; mathe †1523 (except Scottish), but see slip mathe Rosier 1605mawkishness 1669 ( 1893 ) Dr. John Covel

Journal inEarly Voyages and Travels in the Levant (Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXXXVI) p. 102 The higher anyone sit within the ship, the motion of it affects him the more, and cause his giddinesse and mawkishnesse to be the greater. OED2 1727maze 1781 ( 1975 ) Abigail Adams Letter to John Adams, Aug. 1, 1781 in The Book of Abigail and John p.295 We are here looking upon each other in a mere maze. OED2 sense 3a † exc. dial , last non dial. 1722mazing vbln. 1592 ( 1975 ) Thomas Cavendish The Last Voyage of Thomas Cavendish 1591-1592 p. 84

(ms. p. 15 line 29) This mishappe was noe smale a maseinge to me & all the Company. OED2 1600 onlymedicament v 1764 ( 1975 ) John Adams Letter to Abigail Adams Apr. 17 , 1764 in The Book of Abigail and John p. 34 Five persons .. are starved and medicamented with the utmost severity. OED2 1823melissa 1553 ( 1988 ) William Baldwin

Beware the Cat 2nd part p. 27 The flesh I washed clean and put in a pot, and with white wine, Mellisophillos or Melissa (commonly called balm). (First published 1570. Normalized spelling) OED2 a1593member-mug 1794 ( 1986 ) Abner Sanger

Journal, July 26, 1794, in Very Poor and of a Lo Make, The Journal of Abner Sanger p. 515 1 member mug ............................................................9dbut being cracked in three places on the brim there must beabatement of 3d toward the member mug. OED2 1699, 1785 gloss., no usage quot.Merlin-chair 1791 ( 1972 ) Fanny Burney Journal, Aug. , 1791, in The Journal and Letters of Fanny Burney Vol. 1 p. 43 Lady Spencer had sent to her Hous for her Merlin’s Chair; he would let no one but himself lift her into it.

OED2 1835mesquite 1572 ( 1589 ) Henry Hawks inHakluyt’s Principall Navigations (facs. ed. 1965) p. 547 Another tree which they call Miskito : it beareth a fruite like unto a peasecod marveilous sweete. OED2 1759mess (v ) 1609 ( 1957 ) Virginia Council Instruccions orders and constituccions ... to Sir Thomas Gates in The Three Charters of the Virginia Company of London (Va. 350th anniv. Celebration Corp.) p. 65 Let them eate together at seasonable howers in some publique place, beinge messed by sixe or five to a messe. OED2 Sense 2 1627 (and should not be restricted to ships’ companies)metairie 1788 ( 1990 ) Thomas Jefferson

Memorandums on a Tour .. reprinted in Public and Private Papers by TJ Library of America p. 305 They might be had in any number to go to America, and settle lands as tenants on half stocks or metairies. OED2 1817metallurgic 1776 John Seiferth Metallurgic Chymistry [translated from the German of C. E. Gellert by John Seiferth] Metallurgic Chymistry. Being a System of Mineralogy in General, and of all the Arts arising from this Science. [title]

OED2 1778 (metallurgical 1812)middling 1775 ( 1966 ) Purdie’s Virgina Gazette , Sep. 29, 1775 in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.2 p. 241 After rifling the passengers trunks, they went off, taking with them a middling of bacon. OED2 sense 4 1777midsummer-men c 1688 ( 1972 ) John Aubrey

Remaines of Gentilisme and Judaisme Ch. XIII, in John Aubrey Three Prose Works p. 214 The mayds (especially the Cooke-mayds and Dayry-mayds) would

stick-up in some chinkes of the joists or &c: Midsommer-men, which are slips of Orpins.OED2 1755

miff 1776 ( 1976 ) Gen. Nathanael Greene Letter to Gov. N. Cooke July 22, 1776 in The Papers of General Nathanael Greene Vol. I p. 260 General Sullivan has got mift at General Gates new appointment. OED2 1797migniardize 1683 The Whores Rhetorick (facsimile ed. 1979) p. 212 You must not sit idle like a lazy statue, but be still imployed in diverting the losing Gamester in dallying, mignardizing, and a thousand wanton expressions of love. OED2 †a1670militate c 1603 ( 1972 ) Thomas Rogers

Leicester’s Ghost stanza 241, line 1684 p. 67 If I had wrought my gratious Queens perdition,For whome both Heaven and Earth did militate.EDITOR SUPPLIES AUTHORSHIP AND DATE. OED2 has 9 quots. attributed to Parsons a1610 OED2 1625millionaire 1786 ( 1990 ) Thomas Jefferson

Observations on Démeunier’s Manuscript reprinted in Public and Private Papers by TJ Library of America p. 260 The poorest laborer stood on equal ground with the wealthiest millionaire.

OED2 1828mimicable 1686 ( 1928 ) William Petty Letter, Apr. 8, 1686, in The Petty—Southwell Correspondence (reprinted 1967) p. 188 He readily picks out the genius, words, action, voice and tone of any mimicable man, and can turne his to sample them. OED2 1955mina n2 1620 ( 1914 ) Robert Hughes Letter, Oct. 6, 1620, in The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 2 p. 373 A cupall of prattlinge birds called mynnas which wee have bought to bee sent to the Company. OED2 1769, Hobson -Jobson 1703, but see slip Mundy 1632mina n2 1632 ( 1914 ) Peter Mundy Journal, Sep. 2, 1632, in The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. VIII (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 2 p. 120 They carrie from him to the Kinge some 10 or 12 Moynas, a bird of Bengala, which learneth to speake very plaine, in Coulour and Forme like a blackbird, but thrice as bigge. OED2 1769, Hobson -Jobson 1703, but see slip Hughes 1620minar 1631 ( 1914 ) Peter Mundy Journal, Nov. 27, 1630, in The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. VII (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 2 p. 72 I went to take the ayre about the Towne, and at one side thereof were many Munaries or little turrets with many mens heads round about it, made into mortar. It is built of purpose, in forme like a Pigeon howse, not exceeding 3 or 4 yards in height and soe many more in compasse. OED2 1665mince 1820 ( 1959 ) John Adams Letter to Thomas Jefferson , Jan. 20, 1820 in The Adams-Jefferson Letters p. 560 The meaning of the Ancient Philosophers concerning the first Principles, or Elements of Matter which they reduce down to particles, so nice and mince as to become geometrical points. OED2 lacks

ministerialist 1775 ( 1966 ) Gen. Horatio Gates Letter, Dec. 5, 1775 in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.2 p. 1283 The Ships belonging to the Ministerialists Slip’d their Cables. OED2 1793minorship 1765 Henry Timberlake Memoirs p. 2 After my minorship was elapsed. OED2 1892 dict., no quot.mirabilarian 1684 ( 1951 ) Richard Bovet

Pandaemonium , or the Devil’s Cloyster Ch. viii p. 90 Now the Mirabilarians, as St. Augustine calls them, are abroad. OED2 1624 only (as adj. )misaccident 1621 ( 1957 ) Virginia Company

Instructions to the Governor ... in The Three Charters of the Virginia Company of London (Va. 350th Anniv. Celebration Corp.) p. 114 In case of the death or other misaccidents of the chief headsof those Colonies. OED2 1623miss stays 1622 ( 1848 ) The Observations of Sir Richard Hawkins Knight, in his Voyage into the South Sea in The Hawkins’ Voyages (2nd ed. date? Hakluyt Soc. Ser. 1, No. LVII, reprint date?) §ii p.95 What with the chapping sea, and what with the tide upon the bow, she mist staying, and put us in some danger, before we could flatt about. OED2 under miss sense 5b 1691 (same phrase under stay sense 2b 1758)mode c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. unnum. (Aiiij +7 = Avii verso?) How many modes ben there? v. .. The Indycatyf, Imperatyf, optatyf, coniunctyf & the Infinytif. OED2 sense 2a 1520mohur 1678 ( 1905 ) inA Geographical Account of the Countries Round the Bay of Bengal (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XII) (reprint 1967) p. 148 (in footnote) One John Vander Vall .. in the night opened a scrittore of Mr. Nedhams and stole out 25 or 26 gold Mohurs. OED2 1696 Hobson-Jobson 1690mokaddem 1609 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain Journal, Sep. 5, 1609, in The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 124 There came the Mocadan or constable of that circuite to us, demandinge us what wee weare. OED2 1634, but see slips Roe 1615 and Keeling 1615mokaddem 1615 ( 1899 ) Thomas . Roe Journal, Sep. 25, 1615, in The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.I/2) (reprint 1967) p. 45 The Generall dealt with the Makadow of Swally. OED2 1634, but see slips Keeling 1615 (this quot. in Hobson -Jobson 1985 ed.) and Jourdain 1609mokaddem 1615 ( 1971 ) Capt. WilliamKeeling

Journal, Sep. 21, 1615, in The East India Company Journals of Capt. William Keeling and Master Thomas Bonner, 1615-1617 p. 108 The Mukadem of Swallee and his brother came aboord me. OED2 1634 but see slips Roe 1615 and Jourdain 1609

moll 1590 ( 1959 ) JamesRobinson Inventory of the White Lion in English Privateering Voyages to the West Indies 1588-1595 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXI) p. 75 17 muskettes 22 calivers 39 bandeleris 11 flaps 5 tuchboxes18 musket moles 6 dussen mussket arowes. OED2 sense 3 1596 onlymonition 1776 ( 1968 ) New York Journal , July 18, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.5 p. 1128 The petition therefore prayed that the Judge would issue a monition against him and all other persons concerned in the seizure and detention, &c. citing them to appear at a certain day, and answer to the complaint against their conduct respecting the said sloop. OED2 sense 3c 1840monkey jacket 1819 Capt. John Ross A Voyage of Discovery for the purpose of Exploring Baffins Bay p.238 One Flushing monkey jacket ....... L 0 10 9

OED2 1830moonteeth (monteith) 1701 ( 1963 ) William

Fitzhugh Will in William Fitzhugh and his Chesapeake World p. 382

I Give to my son Henry Fitzhugh my Silver Moonteeth Bason which I brought out of England. OED2 lacks spellingmoor 1831 Mary Prince The History of Mary Prince p. 23. Facsimile reprint in Six Women’s Slave Narratives (1988) They tie up slaves like hogs — moor* them up like cattle. *A West Indian phrase: to fasten or tie up OED2 lacks the sense.morbid 1683 The Whores Rhetorick (facsimile ed. 1979) p. 109 A morbid smooth skin is one of Venus ‘s chief attributes. OED2 sense 3 1727-52morning room 1784 ( 1975 ) Abigail Adams

Letter to E. S. Shaw , July 29, 1784 in The Book of Abigail and John p. 393The dining room and the morning room were the most elegant

of any I have seen. OED2 1816morris-dancer 1735 John Atkins A Voyage to Guinea, Brazil, & the West Indies in his Majesty’s Ships, the Swallow and Weymouth (facsimile reprint 1970) p. 2 We saw those Appearances in the Sky called Capra saltantes, by the Sailors Morrice-Dancers; they are Streams of Light that suddenly shoot into one another, and disappear for a Minute or two. OED2 sense bb 1755mosquito 1572 ( 1589 ) Henry Hawks inHakluyt’s Principall Navigations (facs. ed. 1965) p. 545 This towne [Vera Cruz, New Spain] is inclined to many kinde of diseases, by reason of the great heat, and a certaine gnat or flie which they call a Muskito, which biteth men and women in their sleepe; and as soone as they are bitten, incontinently the flesh swelleth as though they had bene bitten with some venemous worme. Hakluyt’s marginal index: Musquito OED2 1583mosquito fleet 1776 ( 1968 ) Isaac Smith Letter, June 26, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.5 p. 750 Had we the

Rd Island ships joynd with Our Misceter fleet might probably give a good Account of them. OED2 1804mothery 1690 ( 1977 ) William Byrd Letter to Arthur North, Aug. 8, 1690 inThe Correspondence of the Three William Byrds of Westover, Virginia p. 134 I have sent otherways for my wine .. most of the clarett sent this year being allready utterly spoild vizt. dead sower and mothery. OED2 1709motte 1550 ( 1975 ) Building Account in Sidney Ironworks Accounts 1541-1573 (Camden 4th Ser. Vol. 15) p. 88; p. 127, 132 (1555) For xxi corddes di of old mottes viis ii d.

For vi yarddes of a beche motte in parkwood at iiiid the yarde ii s.

For the cottyng of xxvii cordes of great beche motts in park woodat vi d the cord xiiis vi d.

Contrasted with cutting of “smale wode” at v s iiiid per a score of cords; equivalent (or contrasted?)with cutting “great wode” at v d the cord. ??mountaineer 1599 ( 1893 ) Thomas Dallam

Journal inEarly Voyages and Travels in the Levant (Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXXXVI) p. 29 We should finde a man caled a mountaineard.

We espied a great companye .. of the afore sayde mountayneares. OED2 1611mouse-fall 1607 ( 1955 ) Dobsons Drie Bobbes Ch. 15 p. 92 Dobson suggesting all occasions he could aduise on, to bolt forth the truth, at last catched the Cat in the Mouse-fall. DurhamHyphen is at line end. OED2 no quot. c1440< >1866mow v2 1790- 1792 ( 1976 ) John Fitch Autobiography p. 31

I had to go on the haymow and mow the hay brought home the night before.Connecticut OED2 †1764

moy 1774 ( 1914 ) Stocker and Warton Letter, Mar. 12, 1774, in Commerce of Rhode Island 1726-1800 Vol. 1, p. 487 Salt was very low selling at 1$700r per Moy which contains from 16 1/2 to 18 bushels. At Lisbon.

OED2 ”Sc. A measure used for salt; ? a bushel.” †1538 (but see slip Baudin 1788)moy 1788 ( 1915 ) F. Baudin Letter, June 6, 1788, in Commerce of Rhode Island 1726-1800 Vol. 2, p. 370 Our salt Season has begun pretty favourable and if we have two months of fair weather without interruption that Comodity now at L. 370 per 28 Moys may come down to L. 300 or L. 320. .. A Moy of Salt nigh equal to one English tun. Ile de Ré, France OED2 ”Sc. A measure used for salt; ? a bushel.” †1538 (but see slip Stocker and Warton 1774)muggy 1749 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman July 11, 1749

(American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 198 Some Hay has laid out till tis almost rotten - it being a very muggy growing season. Appears to be transitional between OED2 sense 1 (mouldy - dict. 1731) and sense 2 (hot and humid 1746)mulatto 1776 ( 1976 ) Connecticut Gazette, Nov. 15, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7 p. 106

A Libel .. against the ship Clarendon .. and also against her Cargo, consisting of .. 33 Planks of Mahogany, 11 Planks of Molatto Wood .. (The Clarendon sailed from Jamaica, so probably a Central American wood) OED2 cf. Mulatto tree 1876mullah 1609 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 91 His mullao or preist standinge by spake to him in his eare. OED2 1613mullock 1855 ( 1947 ) Raffaello Carboni

Eureka Stockade ix p. 37 (Dolphin Book ed.) Crossing the holes, up to the knees in mullock. OED2 sense 2a 1864multitudinary 1790 ( 1962 ) Richard PetersLettter to A. H., Jan. 25, 1790 in Papers of Alexander Hamilton Vol. VI p. 209 These Things will happen in multitudinary Bodies. (refers to State Legislature) OED2 rare0 1846 dict. murderee 1841 ( 1953 ) Abraham Lincoln Letter to Joshua F. Speed, June 19, 1841, in Collected works of Abraham Lincoln Vol. I p. 255 Fisher, the supposed murderee. OED2 1920murre 1578 ( 1589 ) Anthony Parkhurst Letter inHakluyt’s Principall Navigations (facs. ed. 1965) p. 676 There are Sea Guls, Murres, Duckes, wild geese, and many other kinds of birdes. In Newfoundland OED2 1602muscovado 1614 ( 1989 ) Customs book, Portsmouth, inEnglish and Irish Settlement on the River Amazon 1550-1646 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd Ser., No. 171) p. 153 Fortie and one Chestes of muscavado sugers cont eleven thouzand and three hundred weight net valor. OED2 1642muzzle v 1635 Capt. Luke Foxe North-west Fox or Fox from the North-west Passage(Facsimile ed. 1965) p. 186

There is another way which is to muzzell the ship, with a peece of ice close to his stem and bowes the ice, being so swifted, the ship is to drive it, with head saile.

I made loose and stood along in small sailes until this day 10, moosling my ship with the fore-saile. (p. 222) OED2 sense 6 1697nail-rod 1849 ( 1986 ) Herman Melville

Redburn ch. 54 Penguin ed. p. 358Two sticks of nail-rod tobacco.

The nail-rods they cut as evenly as possible. OED2 sense 2 1886Nair 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 143 When the king or any of thes braminios or nayres wch be gentilmen dieth. OED2 1582

Nantuckois 1788 ( 1990 ) Thomas JeffersonObservations on the Whale-Fishery reprinted in Public and Private Papers by

TJ Library of America p.54 The Nantuckois then were the only people who exercised this fishery. (Observations were directed toward France, but this doesn’t seem reason enough for apparent French form used throughout) OED2 lacks; Nantucketer 1858narrow 1585 ( 1981 ) Journal of the Leicester, Nov. 17, 1585, in Sir Francis Drake’s West Indian Voyage 1585-86 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 148) p. 137 The narrowes betwext these hills shuld rather prove it a trench artificially made. OED2 cf. sense B2b 1716natural 1845 ( 1968 ) William Johnson Diary, Feb. 26, 1845 in William Johnson’s Natchez Vol 2 p. 518I received by the Princess to night One natural for a Lady, Price Ten Dollars. WJ was a barber and hairdresser. OED2 sense 8 1724 onlynaturalist 1611 Henry Fitz Simon The Justification and Exposition of the Divine Sacrifice of the Masse (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 108 1972) p. 89 [The Jews] as naturalists of euery contry wher they are, speake no other language peculiar to them selues.

OED2 sense 4 1631 onlynaufrage 1617 ( 1899 ) Thomas . Roe Letter, Aug. 30, 1617, in The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.I/2) (reprint 1967) p. 407 Howeuer charitye now Pittyes their estate of Nawfrage. OED2 sense b 1623 dict.; 1635 quot.navel timbers (navel-) 1817 Amasa

Delano A Narrative of Voyages and Travel in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres (facsimile ed. 1970) Ch. I p. 23 Green wood should never be used in a vessel, especially above the navel timber heads. OED2 1626 and 1627 onlynecessary 1684 ( 1989 ) Francis Howard Letter to P. P. Howard, May1684 in Papers of Francis Howard, Baron Howard of Effingham p.107 Let him be well fitted with lining, shooes, and necessarys for here is none to be bought, but at excessive rates. ? seems to be something more specific than OED2 senses. Cf. unmentionables etc., although this is before the era of euphemism.needle 1522 ( 1924 ) Robert Langton The Pilgrimage of Robert Langton p. 27 There is saynt James bote of stone .. Also his nedyll for pylgrymes to crepe thorow. At Padron near Santiago de Campostela, Spain. OED2 cf. sense 6b 1617neem 1632 ( 1914 ) Peter Mundy Journal, Aug. 8, 1632, in The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. VIII (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 2 p. 84 The Sort of Trees are Neeme (like to Ashe), Peeplee (like great Peare trees), Dhaca and Bhurr.

OED2 1824, Hobson -Jobson 1813nerve 1699 ( 1981 ) Royal Soc. Journal Book, July 19, 1701, in The Three Voyages of Edmond Halley in the Paramore (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. vol. 156) p. 289 A branch of a Barbado’s fig tree which having many Nerves

or long fibers which falling downward hang so that they touch the ground .. was presented by Mr. Hally. OED2 lacks this sensenew v 1620 ( 1882 ) Nathaniel Butler Letter, in (c1625) The Historye of the Bermudaes (c1625)(Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXV) p. 215Findinge scarce two peeces seruiceable, I haue newed and renewed all of them with substantiall carriages, and remounted the peeces. OED2 †1555news-room 1810 ( 1951 ) John E. Caldwell A Tour through Part of Virginia p. 12 The advantage of an excellent news-room, where the most respectable papers on the continent are taken. OED2 1817nib 1692 ( 1864 ) Report of examination in Records of Salem Witchcraft(reprint 1972) Vol. I p. 147As for Susanna Martine whose breast in ye morning seach appeared to vs very full: ye nibbs fresh and starting. OED2 lacks this sense.niceness 1609/ 1610 ( 1957 ) Virginia Council

Instructions, orders and constitucions ... to Sir Thomas West in The Three Charters of the Virginia Company of London (Va. 350th Anniv. Celebration Corp.) p. 73 Proceede rather as a counsellor then as a judge; that is to saie, rather uppon the right and equitie of the thing in demaunde then uppon the nicenes and letter of the lawe.

OED2 Closest to sense 5b 1677niggishness 1553 ( 1988 ) William Baldwin

Beware the Cat 3rd part p. 52 A lord whose cruelty, study, craft, cunning, niggishness, folly, waste, and oppression she had declared. (First published 1570. Normalized spelling) OED2 1563nominated 1632 ( 1914 ) Peter Mundy Journal, Nov. 14, 1632, in The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. VIII (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 2 p. 135 This place is very auncient and nominated but now decayed. OED2 sense 2 1642noria 1633 ( 1914 ) Peter Mundy Journal in The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XVI (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 2 p. 228 The water .. is drawne .. by that which wee in Spaine call Noraies. OED2 1792nuke 1553 ( 1988 ) William Baldwin Beware the Cat 2nd part p. 28 I perceived that my brain (chiefly the nuke memorative) was marvelously well purged. (First published 1570. Normalized spelling) OED2 sense 2 1562nylghau 1633 ( 1914 ) Peter Mundy Journal in The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XVI (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 2 p. 230 Nilgaues, a kind of deere as high as a good Colte or Mule with short hornes. OED2 1770oak-web 1663 ( 1936 ) Peter Mundy inThe Travels of Peter Mundy , in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXVIII) (reprint 1967) Vol.V p. 161 One sort of these are termed hidocantheros or water beetles (as I found in a large booke treating of nothing but insects..) .. in forme like an oakweb.

Mundy was from Cornwall. OED2 1711oblique c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. Aiij verso The comparatyf degree .. may be construed with an ablatyf case .. or with a nother oblique case. OED2 sense 5a 1530obliviable 1615 ( 1971 ) Capt. WilliamKeeling

Journal, Feb. 15, 1615, in The East India Company Journals of Capt. William Keeling and Master Thomas Bonner, 1615-1617 p. 53 I recd. that extreamlie unkind l[ett]re from Sr. Tho. Smith, never obliviable. OED2 lacksobliviscence 1764 ( 1975 ) John Adams Letter to Abigail Adams Apr. 11, 1764 in The Book of Abigail and John p. 26 If I could but enjoy my Retreat in silence and solitude, there would be nothing wanting but Obliviscence of your Ladyship, to make me as Happy as a Monk in a Cloyster.

OED2 1774obstanding, notobstanding 1632 T. T.

The Whetstone of Reproof (facsimile ed. as English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 361 1977) Not obstanding some erre in this by ignorance neuerthelesse as yet ther is none that openly contradicts that which the whole world doth beleeve. (p. 521)Notobstanding the knight .. would seem to have brought forth some great & strange noueltie to the world: yet in veritie there is nothing .. which hath not been long since examined and confuted. (appx. p. 4) T. T. uses not obstanding (usually as two words) where notwithstanding would be expected.cf. Latin nihil obstat OED2 lacksOctober 1708 ( 1900 ) Eben. Cook The Sot-weed Factor p. 17, in Early Maryland Poetry (Maryland Hist. Soc., Fund Publ. 30) p. 27

For Planters Cellars you must know, Seldom with good October flow. OED2 1709off and on 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 279 When the next day we had shot of the Nyeldes, a southwest wynd aryzing put us in agayne to the Wyght wher we contynued plying of and one, sometymes at Yarmowth and sometymes at the Cows for the space of twenty days. (Nyeldes = Needles) OED2 sense 2 a1608offerture 1687 ( 1963 ) William Fitzhugh Letter to Thomas Clayton , Apr. 8, 1687 in William Fitzhugh and his Chesapeake World p.227 Sir according to your desire I have once again made you other Offertures, if you like any or either of them, give but timely & speedy notice. OED2 † 1684office 1785 ( 1959 ) John Adams Letter to Thomas Jefferson Mar. 20, 1785 in The Adams-Jefferson Letters p.19 I asked if he would do us the favour to convey a letter for us through the french consul. He said he could not do this himself, because it was not in his department, but if we would make an office of it he would communicate it to the Marquis de Castries. OED2 lacks this sense. Is it a French usage?

offward 1582 ( 1959 ) Richard Madox Diary in The Troublesome Voyage of Captain Edward Fenton (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXIII) p. 172 Our general wch had cast to the offard west north west.

OED2 1600 (and lacks form without w ); see slip 1586offward n 1586 ( 1981 ) Journal of the Leicester, Feb. 5, 1586, in Sir Francis Drake’s West Indian Voyage 1585-86 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 148) p. 155 The Admiral was hard aborde the shore so he tackte to the offerd agayne. OED2 1600 (and lacks form without w ); see slip Madux 1582oke (oka) 1586 ( 1931 ) John Sanderson in The Travels of John Sanderson (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXVII) p. 133 We gave them also advise to send cochinillo, which is at ten d[uca]ts per oke. OED2 1625olive 1628 ( 1929 ) John Winthrop Letter, Mar. 18, 1627/8 in Winthrop Papers Vol. 1 p 383 For the stuffe for the Goundes you may buy it of some Oliffe coullour or such like. OED2 sense B 1634open 1574 ( 1963 ) William Bourne A Regiment for the Sea (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXXI) p. 272 Those markes [be] very slowe and asketh some distance in sayling to open and shette them, which are neere together vpon the lande. OED2 sense 8 1748, but see slip Madox 1582open v 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, Apr. 15, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 110 We ran upon the sowest bord til we cam within 4 myle of the Marget which opened with ther whyt clyfs and the church of St. Johnes. OED2 sense 8 1748, but see Bourne 1574ophthalmic 1650 ( 1984 ) Thomas Vaughan Magia Adamica in The Works of Thomas Vaughan p. 167 Did he not praescribe a Plaster of Figs for Hezekiah, and to use your own term, an Ophthalmic for Tobit ?

OED2 sense B 1653oppugnation 1774 ( 1964 ) Gov. John Wentworth

A Proclamation by the Governor [of New Hampshire] inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol. 1 p. 41 Whereas several Bodies of Men .. did also force from the Ramparts of said Castle and carry off sixteen Pieces of Cannon, and other military Stores, in open Hostility and direct Oppugnation of his Majesty’s Government. (Did JW consult some Civil War book on how to respond to insurrection?) OED2 sense 1 last 1654optative c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. unnum. (Aiiij +8 = Aviii ?) How knowest ye Optative mode? For he wylleth or desyreth. OED2 1530opticon 1632 A. H. [Henry Hawkins]

Partheneia Sacra (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 81 1971) p. 84 If perhaps some new Galilaeus should deuise and frame us other spectacles or opticons to see with, we are in danger to find out yet some new Starres and Heauens never dreamed of before. OED2 lacks

organ 1776 ( 1968 ) Journal, H.M.Sloop Raven, May 13, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.5 p.82 She [schooner] had 6 Swivels and 6 Organs with small Arms and 8 Men. OED2 sense 6 † 1769 quot. Latter (and presumably this) refer to a multi-barreled gun resembling organ sense 2, whereas quots. 1548 -1729 appear based on a more general use of organ cf. sense 7.orlopian a 1828 ( 1976 ) Bartholomew JamesJournal , inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7 p. 658 Several of my messmates were immediately ordered on board .. and as some of our orlopian manouevres were not a little various, I shall mention a few of them. (presumably a nonce-word) OED2 lacksoronoko 1681 ( 1963 ) William Fitzhugh Letter to John Cooper, Apr 4, 1681 in William Fitzhugh and his Chesapeake World p. 87

You’ll find the Invoice of eight hhds. of Oronoko Tob[acc]o. Later uses Oroonoko, Aronoko, Aronoco also. OED2 1706 ( but Aranoko in 1688 quot. under sweet-scented )orrechion 1584- 1585 ( 1955 ) anon. Notes for the guidance of Raleigh and Cavendish, inThe Roanoke Voyages 1584-1590 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CIV) Vol. 1 p. 132 What maner of forte I would haue I would haue it a pentangell in this manner.. The Collionsides or ocrechons, large and longe.

OED2 1589ostrege c 1624 ( 1929 ) Grievances for consideration by Parliament, Winthrop Papers Vol. 1 p 307 Many of very meane sort and condicion whoe haue presumed of this generous skill of falkenry .. doe adventure vpone the contrye nere adioyneing to give exercise to theire Ostreges. OED2 lacks. Basis for, or back-formation from, ostreger ?out post 1789 ( 1962 ) Benjamin Lincoln Letter to A. H., Dec. 1,1789, in Papers of Alexander Hamilton Vol. VI p. 2 The people in that county [Lincoln, Dist. of Maine] are little acquainted with the bank bills therefore they might with more ease be imposed upon besides no real good will arise from receiving them in those out posts. OED2 sense 2 1802 outchamber 1798 ( 1966 ) Thomas Jefferson The Family Letters of Thomas Jefferson to M. J. EppesMar. 7, 1798 p. 157 We are sure however of the Outchamber for you, and the Study for myself, and will not be long in getting a cover over some room for your sister. OED2 †1654-66outset 1776 ( 1968 ) Joseph Williams Letter, May 3, 1776, in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.4 p. 1389 The two vessels whole Outsets will be About Two thousand Pounds Lw Money. OED2 sense 3b †1766outshot 1765 ( 1914 ) Henry Cruger, Jr. Letter, Oct. 4, 1765, in Commerce of Rhode Island 1726-1800 Vol. 1, p. 126 Have sent 20 Tons of the best, and 20 Tons of the 2d hemp call’d out shott; it is the method of the Rope Makers here to mix it; and pass it all for the 1st, by way of hint for your guideance.

. OED2 ppla. sense 3 1794

overhaul v 1769 ( 1973 ) Ashley BowenJournal, Feb. 23, 1769, in The Journals of Ashley Bowen (1728-1813) of

Marblehead (Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XLIV) p. 203 I received two pair of old shrouds from Colonel Lee, schooner Hawk , to overhaul.

Began to overhaul a foresail for brig Africa. (May 24, p. 211) Clearly the current U. S. (not British?) meaning “renovate”or “thoroughly renovate” (a process consequent to OED2’s sense 2). OED2 lacks this sense for v. or for corresponding n.Normalized spellingoverrule 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 291 According to the pylots speache the master was overruled. OED2 sense 3 1591overskip 1612 ( 1969 ) Proc. Virginia.. p. 78 in Jamestown Voyages under the First Charter (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. cxxxvi) p. 439 If in the search of those Countries, wee had hapned where wealth had beene, we had surely had it, .. but if we haue overskipped it, we will not envy them that shall chance to finde it. OED2 lacks sense of “overlook”overslack 1582 ( 1959 ) Richard Madox

Narrative in The Troublesome Voyage of Captain Edward Fenton (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXIII) p. 65 Our generall, whose care was .. noe good opportunytye shold be overslacked. OED2 lacks; cf. slack sense 1boverture 1689 ( 1915 ) anon. Declaration of the reasons and Motives For the Present Appearing in Arms ... in Narratives of the Insurrections 1675-1690 p. 311 The first News of the great Overture and happy Change in England. OED2 sense 8 † 1633oyster (v ) 1775 ( 1966 ) Petition of Delaware River Pilots, Sep., 1775 in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.2 p.165

Your Petitioners humbly pray that they may be allowed to Fish or Oyster for theSupport of their Families. OED2 18..paddle 1612 ( 1982 ) John Guy Journal, Oct. 27, 1612, in Newfoundland Discovered (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 160) p. 71 They have two kind of oares, one is about fower foote long of one peece of firre, the other is about 10 foote long.. The shorte one they use as a paddle, & thother as ane oare. OED2 sense 2 1624, but see slip Strachey 1612paddle 1612 ( 1953 ) William Strachey The Historie of Travell into Virginia Britania(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd Ser., No. CIII) p. 81 In steed of oares they vse paddles and sticks with which they will row faster than we in our bardges. OED2 sense 2 1624, but see slip Guy 1612paddle v2 1676 A True Account of the Most Considerable Occurrences that have happened in the Warre between the English and the Indians in New -England (facsimile reprint in King Philip’s War Narratives 1966) p. 3 Many got into canoes to paddle away, but the paddlers being shot, the Canoes overset with all therein. OED2 1677

paddler n2 1676 A True Account of the Most Considerable Occurrences that have happened in the Warre between the English and the Indians in New -England (facsimile reprint in King Philip’s War Narratives 1966) p. 3 Many got into canoes to paddle away, but the paddlers being shot, the Canoes overset with all therein. OED2 1799Paddy 1776 ( 1928 ) Nicholas Cresswell Sep. 14, 1776, in The Journal of Nicholas Cresswell (2nd ed.) p. 161 [“An Irish Tailor metamorphised into a Captn. and an Irish Blacksmith his lieutenant.”] My companions rank Paddys. OED2 1780pageant 1607 ( 1955 ) Dobsons Drie Bobbes Ch. 3 p. 20 They concluded .. they would fasten to the appendix ouer the Haberdashers doore, a paire of bulls hornes, with a pageant betwixt them, wherein they caused to be painted a man in his shoppe selling hattes, and a Butcher in a parlour with his wife. OED2 cf. sense 1d 1557 onlypalmetto 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, Aug. 14, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 164 We saw the palmito tre which doth also gro at Cape Mownt. Yt is nothing but a monstruos cane whose pyth is lyke smal rush candles with half pills on them. As yt groeth up so do the loer leaves faul and the top is a bush of leaves lyke unto segs. Sierra Leone OED2 1583palter 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, Apr. 16, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 111 The men .. stole a bad vessel and after boording a Flemyng changd with hym and so had paltred up 3 barrels of bysket, a barrel or 2 of candels, 30 flytches of bacon, 16 barels of good duble bear. OED2 lacks this sense; cf. sense3b 1611 (but intrans.) or 4 1625pamper 1574 ( 1963 ) William Bourne A Regiment for the Sea (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXXI) p. 141 Suche is the Diuill in the harte of man, pampering mans hart so with pryde to thinke he hath no fellow. OED2 sense 1c 1576panch 1622 ( 1848 ) The Observations of Sir Richard Hawkins Knight, in his Voyage into the South Sea in The Hawkins’ Voyages (2nd ed. date? Hakluyt Soc. Ser. 1, No. LVII, reprint date?) §xxxvi p. 215 They put one difficultie, that with the fall or pitch of the anchor in hard ground, with his waight he would cut the halser in sunder on the head; for prevention whereof, we placed a panch, as the mariners terme it, upon the head of the anchor, with whose softnesse this danger was prevented. OED2 1626pangeran 1606 ( 1943 ) Edmund Scott An Exact Discourse in The Voyage of Sir Henry Middleton to the Moluccas (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXVIII) p. 129 There was a Pangran, or gentleman, which had a house and ground.

OED2 1817pannel (or pannell) 1789 Thomas

Anburey Travels through the Interior Parts of America

in a Series of Letters (1969 facsimile ed.) Vol. II p. 412 Waggoners, who, when night approaches, after they have unharnessed the horses, fed them, pannelled them, and tying a bell around their necks, turned them loose in the woods to graze.

? Unlikely to be the putting on a rough saddle of OED2parallax 1574 ( 1963 ) William Bourne A Regiment for the Sea (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXXI) p. 239 The paralex of the Moone, whiche the semidiametre of the earth doth cause, by the neerenesse of the Moone vnto the earth.

In 3rd. ed. (1580) Bourne spells paralax. OED2 1612parbuckle v 1783 ( 1969 ) William Williams Mr. Penrose The Journal of Penrose, Seaman p. 137 They .. had been at the labour of parbuckleing it [a barrel] into the canoa. OED2 1831; parbuckling vbl. n. 1859parcelling 1766 ( 1973 ) Ashley Bowen

Journal, Sep. 20, 1766, in The Journals of Ashley Bowen (1728-1813) of Marblehead (Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XLIV) p. 144

Cut and tarred 10 yards of parceling for Colonel’s house. Editor suggests parceling was used for flashing or weatherstripping. Bowen was a ship-rigger, so this is clearly Naut..Normalized spelling OED2 sense 4b 1769parole 1758 ( 1951 ) Col. Henry Bouquet

Orderly Book, June 19, 1758, in The Papers of Henry Bouquet Vol. 2 p. 657Parole Kensington. The parole was given at each day’s orders. OED2 sense

2 1777parrot-toed 1764 ( 1975 ) John Adams Letter to Abigail Adams, May 7,1764 in The Book of Abigail and John p. 42 A sixth Imperfection is that of Walking, with the toes bending inward. This Imperfection is called Parrot-toed, I think, I know not for what Reason. OED2 1849Parsee 1609 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain Journal, Sep. 6, 1609, in The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 128 In this towne are manie of a strange kinde of religion called Parsyes. OED2 1615parthenian 1632 Henry Hawkins Partheneia Sacra (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 81 1971) subtitle Contrived al to the Honour of the Incomparable Virgin Marie Mother of God; for the pleasure and devotion especially of the Parthenian Sodalitie of her Immaculate Conception. OED2 dict. 1656, usage 1892particularize 1592 ( 1966 ) Henry Chettle Kind-Harts Dreame in Elizabethan and Jacobean Quartosp.16 I will particularize the difference betweene the abused times among you reputed, and the simplicity of the daies, wherein I lived. OED2 sense 2 1593partitive c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. unnum. (Aiiij +2 = Av ?) Of after a nown substantyf, verbe substantyf, nowne partytyf, nowne distributyf, comparatyf or superlatyf is ye signe of ye genytyf case. My ital. and modified punct. for clarity OED2 1520

partner 1582 ( 1959 ) Edward Fenton Sea Journal in The Troublesome Voyage of Captain Edward Fenton (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXIII) p. 107 This fallinge owt grew by neglectinge the serche of my mainmast periched in the partners. OED2 sense 5 1608party 1777 ( 1780 ) Lieut. Gen. J. Burgoyne A State of the expedition from Canada appendix p. lxxxi I had no other party to take (and a hard party it was).

OED2 Sense 15 (= course decided on) † <1760

passway 1798 ( 1972 ) Maj. Gen. William HeathMemoirs, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 332 There

was a considerable marsh, into which a creek ran, and on which there was a mill.. At the mill there was a passway over; but unluckily, when some of the Americans had retreated by this mill, .. it was set on fire. (Apparently a wooden bridge or walkway)

OED2 1825pastime v 1607 ( 1955 ) Dobsons Drie Bobbes Ch. 4 p. 31 They shold haue license to pastime themselues in the fields.

OED2 †1592pataca 1636 ( 1919 ) Peter Mundy The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XXI (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 3 Pt. 1 p. 65 Coines .. att Goa.A Royal of 8tt or pattacca. OED2 1875 (patacoon 1584)patrol a 1595 ( 1618 ) Sir Roger Williams The Actions of the Lowe Countries p. G2v in The Works of Sir Roger Williams (1972) p. 92 The rest of his horsemen were in three troupes, making Patroiles(rounds we call it) from place to place round about the towne. Quot. probably deserves [ ]. Count Louis of Nassau, leading a mostly French Army, so apparently a French word. OED2 1664patronize 1583 ( 1940 ) Sir George Peckham A true reporte of the late discoveries in The Voyages and Colonising Enterprises of Sir Humphrey Gilbert (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXIII) ( reprint 1967) p. 436 I doo the rather presume to preferre this Pampflet to bee Patronized by so woorthy a personne. OED2 1589patroon 1737 ( 1742 ) William Stephens Oct. 22, in A Journal of the Proceedings in Georgia Vol. 1 p. 3(facsimile reprint 1966) Peter Emery, Patroon of a Canoe, being in Town from Georgia. OED2 sense 3 1743 pattern 1609/ 1610 ( 1957 ) Virginia Council

Instructions, orders and constitucions ... to Sir Thomas West in The Three Charters of the Virginia Company of London (Va. 350th Anniv. Celebration Corp.) p. 72 Make up the residue of theire fraight with divers of the best severall patternes of the land, commodities that you can gett there havinge regarde more to the goodnes and

qualitie of them then to the quantity. OED2 Sense 5 (=specimen, sample) 1644Paulist 1637 ( 1919 ) Peter Mundy The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XXIV (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 3 p.163

Jesuitts calling themselves Paulists and wherefore.

As the Church is Named St Paules, soe Doe they stile themselves Paulists, as Paules Disciples in imitating or Following him in his Function. At Macao OED2 1678pavilion 1818 ( 1990 ) Thomas Jefferson

Report of Commisioners for Univ.Virginia reprinted in Public and Private Papers by TJ Library of America p. 132 It should consist of distinct houses or pavilions, arranged at proper distances on each side of a lawn ..; in each of which should be a lecturing room, with from two to four apartments .. these pavilions should be united by a range of dormitories. There may be some component of OED2 sense 7a, but is closer to sense 7b 1858 payable 1819 Capt. John Ross A Voyage of Discovery for the purpose of Exploring Baffins Bay p.71 The fish .. measured forty-six feet in length .. and was considered by the Greenlandmen a payable fish. OED2 sense 3 1859 (only as a mining term)peag 1644 ( 1944 ) Benedict ArnoldLetter, Feb. 14, 1644, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 4 p. 442 He then told mee that the peag was sent me as a token of love and Freindship. OED2 1649 DA 1648Peak stone 1634 ( 1943 ) John Winthrop Letter, May 22, 1634, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 3 p. 168 I praye bringe me a paire of mill stones peake stones seaven foote broade and of thicknesse answerable. OED2 1707 (Peak grinding 1659)peasecod 1737 ( 1960 ) Benjamin Franklin Poor Richard, 1738 an Almanack unpaged, verso of title (facs. in The Complete Poor Richard Almanacs, 1970, p. 122) What a peasecods! cannot I have a little Fault or two, but all the Country must see it in print! OED2 sense b †1652

peazance 1715 ( 1972 ) John Fontaine Journal Apr. 30, 1715 p. 76 The sailors call this light a peazance and they say tis a spirit.

= corposant, of which the editor suggests it is a corruption. OED2 lackspeculiar 1690 ( 1906 ) Samuel Pepys Memoires Relating to the State of the Royal Navy of England(reprinted 1971) p. 2 An Occurrence carrying this in it of peculiar; That no one Article of Time appears within the whole History of our Navy, wherein this could have fallen out more equally towards the Persons immediately interested in the Alteration.

OED2 cf. sense 7 in peculiarpeepul 1632 ( 1914 ) Peter Mundy Journal, Aug. 8, 1632, in The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. VIII

(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 2 p. 84 The Sort of Trees are Neeme (like to Ashe), Peeplee (like great Peare trees), Dhaca and Bhurr.

OED2 1788pell-mell 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) Yt rayned pel mel and blew hilter skilter. (May 27, 1582 p. 139)

Every man pel mel and spent his mowth with as smal discretion for hym self as attendance for the hearer. (June 2, 1582 p. 142)

OED2 1st quot. cf. sense 2 1594; 2nd sense 1 1596 (with intrusive “and”) or verb 1606 (in present for past tense)?pemmican 1613 ( 1982 ) Henry Crout Letter, in Newfoundland Discovered (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 160) p. 85 They gaue vs ech of vs some of ther penycan which had been dried which it did eat very well. “They” were Beothuks, but there is no indication of conversation other than by “signes and Tokins.” Pemmican is considered a Cree or Chippewa word — also some Atlantic Algonquin language? OED2 1801 (variant pannican 1827), but see slip 1743Pennsylvania(n) fire-place 1744 ( 1960 ) Benjamin

Franklin An Account of the New Invented Pennsylvanian Fire-Places in Papers of Benjamin F ranklin Vol. 2 p. 421 An Account of the New Invented Pennsylvanian Fire-Places [title]

To avoid the several Inconveniences, and at the same time to retain all the Advantages of other fire-places, was contrived the PENNSYLVANIA FIRE-PLACE now to be described. [p. 429] OED2 lackspenstock n1 1542- 1543 ( 1975 ) Building Account in Sidney Ironworks Accounts 1541-1573 (Camden 4th Ser. Vol. 15) p. 44 Item delivered unto them for the whele and the pentstock of the said fornace of nayles xi li xix d ob.

OED2 1607pent c 1675 ( 1972 ) John Aubrey Observations Ch. VI, in John Aubrey Three Prose Works p. 348 Some land lying on the small pent of a hil facing the South. OED2 cf. 1760 quot.pepper v 1612 ( 1934 ) Capt. Thomas Best

Journal, Nov. 29, 1612 , in The Voyage of Thomas Best to the East Indies, 1612-14 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXV) (reprint 1967) p. 35 By an hower wee had well peperd him with some 56 greate shott. OED2 sense 4a c1644peppering (vbl n. ) 1776 ( 1972 ) London Chronicle, Oct. 15-17, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 315 We gave her a handsome peppering before she struck. OED2 a1814 (except 1580 otherwise undef. dict. transl. of poivrade )pepperish 1605 John Davis Mr. John Daves his observations Voyaging from Acheane to Tecoe and Priaman

in Voyages and Works of John Davis (Hakluyt Soc.) p. 188

You shall find 38 fath. watt’r w’th a fine pepperish Sand. OED2 1808 (fig., of pepperish temperament) See slip peppery Dodsworth 1615peppery 1615 ( 1939 ) Edward Dodsworth in TheVoyage of Nicholas Downton to the East Indies1614-1615 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXII) (reprint 1967) p. 46 We had grounde at twentie five fathome, a graye pepperie sand. OED2 1699 See slip pepperish Davis 1605perfunctoriously 1632 A. H. [Henry Hawkins]

Partheneia Sacra (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 81 1971) p. 2 So mysterious and delicious an Obiect, requires not to be rashly lookt vpon, or perfunctoriously to be slighted ouer. OED2 1652perlustration 1632 A. H. [Henry Hawkins]

Partheneia Sacra (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 81 1971) p. 83 But what were al this but a meer extension and perlustration of the mind only, wholy occupyed in measuring Intellectual Obiects? OED2 1640Pernambuco 1577 ( 1977 ) John Hawkins

Estimate for a voyage to the Levant, in S. A. SkilliterWilliam Harborne and the Trade with Turkey 1578-1582 p. 20 Ther shalbe loden here in Inglond .. 40 tonne of brasyll caled farnandoboucke 600–0–0

OED2 1595person c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. unnum. (Aiiij +6 = Avii ?) How many persons ben there? Thre .. The fyrst the seconde the thyrde. OED2 sense 8 1520pester n 1612 ( 1894 ) Instructions to Capt. Thomas Button The Strange and Dangerous Voyage in The Voyages of Captain Luke Foxe and Captain Thomas James (Hakluyt Soc. 1st ser. No. LXXXIX) p. 637 We holde it best for you to keepe to the Northerne side, as being most free from the pester of ice. OED2 sense 1 †1614petrel 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, June 19, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 146 Yn the after noon a poydrel which is a lytle black byrd cam to the ship, which M. Fayrwether sayd was a token of wynd. ?= petrel. (South of the Canary Is.) OED2 petrel 1676 but see slip Munday 1636petrel c 1602 ( 1983 ) Gabriel Archer in PurchasPilgrimes (1625) Vol. 4 pp. 1647-57, inThe English New England Voyages 1602-1608(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 161) p. 121 We saw many Birds .. as Pettrels, Cootes, Hagbuts, Pengwins, Murres, Gannets, Cormorants, Guls, with many else in our English Tongue of no name. OED2 1676, but see slips Madox 1582 and Munday 1638(quot. in OED2 for murre only)

petrel 1638 ( 1919 ) Peter Mundy Journal , May 1, 1638, inThe Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XXIX (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 3 p. 359 There Followed in our Wake sundry sea-ffowles as Pintados, Pettrells, Alcatrazes, etts.

Pittrells, the smallest Sea Fowle that useth the Ocean, seldome seene Neare land, like unto a Swallow, Near off the Coullour and not much bigger. OED2 1676pewit 1635 ( 1919 ) Peter Mundy The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XX (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 3 p. 7 Hard by in these Cleaves breed a Certen sea fowle named Pewitts; many of them from hence carried to London, where they are kept, fedd and used for dainties.

OED2 sense 2 1678Philadelphian fire-place 1745 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer

Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Dec. 2, 1745 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 128 First saw one of the Philadelphian Fire-places.

=Franklin stove (invented c1740) See slip for Pennsylvania fireplace OED2 lacks (Philadelphian sense 3 1775). DA Philadelphia Fire Stove 1759 pice 1611 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain Journal, Jan. 28, 1611, in The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 150 Wee mett a carravan of pisas, bound for Barampore to paye the soldiars, with a guard of 100 horse for feare of robbinge. OED2 1615pickle 1831 Mary Prince The History of Mary Prince p. 10. Facsimile reprint in Six Women’s Slave Narratives (1988) We then shovelled up the salt in large heaps, and went down to the sea, where we washed the pickle from our limbs. (On Turk Island, West Indies) OED2 lacks this sensepiece c 1625 ( 1882 ) Nathaniel Butler ? The Historye of the Bermudaes (Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXV) p. 201The eighth [Act] .. was for the redresse of a common practice, in making an ordinary passage ouer mens corne and peeces of tobacco. Bermuda Assembly 1620 Apparently West Ind. usage — see quots. 1796, 1808 (W. I.?) and slip Schaw 1774 — that deserves sep. from sense 2bpiece 1774 ( 1939 ) Janet Schaw The Journal of a Lady of Quality (3rd ed.) p. 84 We walked through many cane pieces, as they term the fields of Sugar-canes. Antigua. From other contemporary sources, apparently used in West Indies for certain crops: potatoes, cane, etc. OED2 sense2b; see slip Butler? c1625 pied-à-terre 1785 ( 1959 ) Thomas Jefferson Letter to John Adams Nov. 27, 1785 in The Adams-Jefferson Letters p.103We must acquiesce under such modifications as they may think necessary for regulating this indulgence ... to get a pied-à-terre in that country. OED2 1829pike (v7) 1738 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Sep. 2, 1738

(American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 51 Mr. Pannel and his son came again to Thrashing and finish’d the Rye, Moss gathering up and pikeing the stalks.

Massachusetts OED2 [Eng.] dial. 1844pilot bread 1776 ( 1968 ) Cumberland Dugan Letter, June 7, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.5 p. 416 I purpose bakeing in what we Call small fine keg Bread, & the common fine in Pilott bread Size. That is, he will use small fine flour to make keg bread ( which is? — mentioned in 1788 pilot bread quot.) and common fine to make pilot bread. OED2 1788pinang 1606 ( 1943 ) Edmund Scott An Exact Discourse in The Voyage of Sir Henry Middleton to the Moluccas (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXVIII) p. 173 They have a certaine hearbe called bettaile .. and also a nutt called pinange; which are both in operation very hott, and they eate them continually, to warme them within and keepe them from the fluxe.

OED2 1662pink 1615 ( 1939 ) Thomas Elkington Letter in TheVoyage of Nicholas Downton to the East Indies1614-1615 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXII) (reprint 1967) p. 202 Comodities fyttinge to bee sent for this place yearly will be somm 200 cloathes; the most part stametts and Venice redds, the rest yellowes, popingayes, grass greenes and pynk cullours. Presumably n5 OED2 1634 (although no adjectival use is noted) not the current pink a 1828pique (v 1) 1701 ( 1977 ) William Byrd IILetter to Sir Robert Southwell, July 17, 1701 inThe Correspondence of the Three William Byrds of Westover, Virginia p. 209 Here we met Mr. Oesly a great master of the antiquitys of Essex, but peaks himself chiefly in genealogy. OED2 sense 5 1705pisterene 1773 ( 1957 ) Philip V. Fithian

Journal & Letters of PVF Dec. 25, 1773 p. 40 A Bit is a pisterene bisected; or an English sixpence. (Virginia) OED2 1774pitcher-house 1645 ( 1947 ) Brampton Gurdon

Letter, Apr. 12, 1645, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 5 p. 18 Thear are not aboue 2 lisensed alhouses in all the hundred, yet to many picher housen, for which I doo my indeuer to ponishe suche as can be proued. From Assington (Suffolk?) Not the “ room in a great house” of OED2 placable 1607 ( 1955 ) Dobsons Drie Bobbes Ch. 3 p. 25 Hee intreated the Habberdashers placable audience, till sirThomas had made answer to his objection. OED2 sense 3 1611planetical 1641 ( 1942 ) Sir Simon D’Ewes The Journal of Sir Simon D’Ewes (Oct. 29, 1641) p. 53 I saied — That I hoped the gentleman that had prophesied to us would prove but a tungol witegan as our ancestors called ther planeticall prophets, and might be deceived in the issue.

OED2 sense 2 1657planter 1609 Robert Johnson Nova Britannia, Offring most Excellent fruites by Planting in Virginia p.D4r Wee call

those Planters that goe in their persons to dwell there: And those Adventurers, that adventure their money and go not in person. OED2 sense 3a 1620planter 1609 ( 1957 ) Second Charter in The Three Charters of the Virginia Company of London (Va. 350th anniv. Celebration Corp.) p. 42 Whether they goe in their persons to be planters there in the said plantacion, or whether they goe not, but doe adventure their monyes, goods or chattels.

OED2 Sense 3a 1620plateau 1785 ( 1959 ) Abigail Adams Letter to Thomas Jefferson Dec. 20, 1785 in The Adams-Jefferson Letters p.108 I received my Plateau safe about ten days since.

OED2 1791plotch c 1668 ( 1925 ) Major John Scott The Discription of Guyana in Colonising Expeditions to the West Indies and Guiana, 1623-1667 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LVI) p. 136 The Natives as well as others are strangly troubled with the Indian Pox which hath till of late yeares brake out in great plotches and Scabs, which they use to dry up with the milkey quallity of a Crabo Tree produced from the young twigs and Leaues. OED2 †1612plum 1813 ( 1959 ) John Adams Letter to Thomas Jefferson , Nov. 15, 1813 in The Adams-Jefferson Letters p. 402 But these Plumbs, Chariots, Colonelships, and counsellorships are recorded and will never be forgotten. OED2 sense 4 1825plumply 1776 ( 1968 ) Pennsylvania Packet, Mar. 18, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.4 p. 400

The Otter sloop of war, and five tenders went up to Annapolis in quest of provisions, which he requested by letter to the Governor, but was plumply refused by the people. OED2 1786plunge 1613 ( 1928 ) Robert Harcourt A Relation of a Voyage to Guiana (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LX) p. 111 Their iurney by Sea .. was neere 100. Leagues: wherein .. they met with many dreadful plunges, by reason of a high going sea, which breaketh vpon the flats and shoales. OED2 probably sense 4 1781, or else sense 2 1711.ply 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 279 When the next day we had shot of the Nyeldes, a southwest wynd aryzing put us in agayne to the Wyght wher we contynued plying of and one, sometymes at Yarmowth and sometymes at the Cows for the space of twenty days. (Nyeldes = Needles) OED2 sense 5b 1595pochon (puccoon) 1609 ( 1957 ) Virginia Council Instruccions orders and constituccions ... to Sir Thomas Gates in The Three Charters of the Virginia Company of London (Va. 350th anniv. Celebration Corp.) p. 60 You shall finde a brave and fruiteful seat ... much moreabundant in pochon. OED2 1612point 1628 Francis Fletcher The World Encompassed by Sir Francis Drake

(facsimile reprint 1966) p. 39 The Moone was ecclipsed in Aries, and darkened about three points, for the space of two glasses. OED2 sense 11 †1594poke (n4) 1708 ( 1977 ) William Byrd IILetter to Hans Sloane, Sep. 10, 1708 inThe Correspondence of the Three William Byrds of Westover, Virginia p. 266 There is a paper of a root which I think very like jalop, we call the plant here poke, it bears a purple berry which woud dye an admirable colour if we understood the right way of fixing it.

The root you call poke is not jalap but the root of the solanum racemosum americanum of Mr. Ray in his history of plants. (Hans Sloane, Dec. 7, 1709 p. 272) OED2 sense 2a 1731 This quot. in DApole (v1 ) 1738 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Aug. 12, 1738 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 50 Some Hand to help .. in poling and Carting the remainder of the Hay from the Meadow. OED2 sense 1b Webster 1828policy 1774 ( 1939 ) Janet Schaw The Journal of a Lady of Quality (3rd ed.) p. 61 In the bosom of the hills stands a very noble house, round which there is a great deal of fine laid out policy. OED2 sense 6c 1775poliphant 1687 ( 1940 ) Charles Morton

Compendium Physicae in Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XXXIII p. 116 (from 1697 transcription of 1687 ms., probably first compiled c1680) Exotick, forreign, or remote [stones] procured for speciall uses such as .. the hone from Italy, the Poliphant from Cornwall, the firestone, etc. ?? not poliphant = polyphone of OED2 polyandrium 1612 ( 1953 ) William Strachey

The Historie of Travell into Virginia Britania(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd Ser., No. CIII) p. 126The doggs of the Country are .. lik the Turkish Iackals, keeping about the graues of the dead in the Comon Polyandrium or place of Sepulture. OED2 1661polymorphean 1611 Henry Fitz Simon The Justification and Exposition of the Divine Sacrifice of the Masse (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 108 1972) p. 343 Such wil sit in dredful iudgement against our Polimorphean Christians, or such as fashion their religion to al changeable humours for a princes contentment. OED2 dict. 1656, usage 1874 (polymorphous 1785)pompholyx 1668 ( 1964 ) Sir Thomas Browne Letter, Dec. 21, 1668, in The Works of Sir Thomas Browne Vol. IV p. 37 They say spelter ot zinck is made in Germanie; from thence also pompholyx, Tutia, mysi, sori, zaffera &c.

OED2 1678pone 3 1607 ( 1969 ) A relatyon ... written ... by a gent. of ye Colony in Jamestown Voyages under the First Charter (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. cxxxvi) p.90 He caused heere to be prepared for vs pegatewk-Apoan

which is bread of their wheat made made in Rolles and Cakes. [ ] quot. OED2 [ ] quot. 1615poppet 1790- 1792 ( 1976 ) John Fitch Autobiography p. 89 I got a piece of a ramrod of a gun and made the centres for my Poppets.

OED2 sense 5a 1875porch 1748 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Nov. 14, 1748 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 186 Mr. Batherick here to work upon my shed, or back porch. OED2 sense 3c 1916 portable 1582 ( 1935 ) Richard Hakluyt

Divers Voyages Touching the Discouerie of America (facsimile ed. 1966) p. K verso Commodities of the inland are not in great plentie to be brought to your handes, without the ayde of some portable or Navigable ryver. OED2 sense 3 1600portice 1777 ( 1780 ) Lieut. Gen. J. Burgoyne

A State of the expedition from Canada appendix p. lxxx There was nothing now to be done but to approach the town by sap, to such a distance that the rampart might be brought within their portice.

Meaning? ? OED2 lacksportlage (portledge) 1775 ( 1964 )

Contract for ship hire, in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol. 1 p.678 The good schooner, nam’d the Britaniae of the Portlage or Burthen of Eighty Eight Tons. (Massachusetts) OED2 Naut. Amer. † 1775 (var. spellings, withe ori not a ) = portage sense 4. Here = portage sense 3 † 1710portraiture v 1559 anon. The Queenes maiesties passage through the citie of London to Westminster the daye before her coronacion (facsimile ed. 1959) p. Biiii recto Vpon the top or vppermost part of ye said pageant, stoode the armes of England roially portratured with ye proper beastes to vpholde the same. OED2 1580Portuguese 1775 ( 1846 ) Isaac SenterJournal Nov. 4, 1775 (Hist. Soc. Penna.), p. 24 (facsmile reprint 1969) If the Indians .. will join us, we .. will give them one Portuguese per month, two dollars bounty, and find them their provisions. (On Arnold’s expedition in Quebec) ?? Would seem not to be the obsolete gold coin of OED2; a joe or half joe might be reasonable pay.possibilited 1612 ( 1989 ) W. S. A Funerall Elegye line 500, facsimile in Donald W. Foster Elegy by W. S. , a Study in Attribution And had the Genius which attended on him,Been possibilited to keep him safe. Foster suggests this otherwise unattested word points to W. S. =Shakespeare, who favored participled nouns. OED2 lacks postage 1565 ( 1975 ) Account in Sidney Ironworks Accounts 1541-1573(Camden 4th Ser. Vol. 15) p. 220 For postage of letters out of duchlande and Inglande to Andwarpe

000–03–4. OED2 1590

postiche 1638 ( 1919 ) Peter Mundy The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XXIX (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 3 p. 385 Some allsoe, both Men and weomen, weare little scullcappes woven like Mattes, others off Cotton, and one I saw with such an Anticke beard postizo. (On Madagascar) OED2 1854pot-fish 1645 ( 1989 ) John Bastwick A Just Defence .. against the Calumnies of John Lilburne p. 16-17, quoted in The Writings of William Walwyn p. 22 [Walwyn had] a set of teeth in his head, much like a Pot-fish, all staring and standing some distance one from another, as if they had not been good friends.

OED2 1743potatory 1632 T. T. The Whetstone of Reproof (facsimile ed. as English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 361 1977) p. 131

Swinglius, Oecolampadius, or Bucer, or some other greater Doctour of that potatorie Confraternitie. OED2 1834potin n1 a 1682 ( 1964 ) Sir Thomas Browne Note on Medals in The Works of Sir Thomas Browne Vol. III p. 257 After Alexander Severus most peeces were of red copper or potin mixture. OED2 sense 2 1853pounsell 1687 ( 1940 ) Charles Morton

Compendium Physicae in Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XXXIII p. 58 (from 1697 transcription of 1687 ms., probably first compiled c1680) [Violent flow of water by pressure] of Other bodyes or powers, as compressed Air, or pounsells which may have Weight as those at the Water-house at London-bridge. ??powder-monkey 1669 ( 1893 ) Dr. John Covel

Journal inEarly Voyages and Travels in the Levant (Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXXXVI) p. 129 Newes was brought in by one of our powder monkey’s from the Top Mast head that there were five great ships a Head.

OED2 1682pratique 1599 ( 1893 ) Thomas Dallam

Journal inEarly Voyages and Travels in the Levant (Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXXXVI) p. 19 At the End of six dayes, we had proticke, which is, Leve to com a shore. OED2 1609precedently 1618 William Cape The Chronicle and Institution of the Order of .. S. Francis(transl. of original of Marcos Da Silva) (facsimile ed. as English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 357 1977) p. 56 If you desire to obserue our rule, and to conyoine your selfe with vs, it is precedentlie necessarie that you depriue your selfe of what soeuer you haue in the world. OED2 1624precept 1776 ( 1972 ) Judge J. Brackett Letter, Aug. 29, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 343 I shall in a day or two decree According to the Jury’s Verdict & Issue a Precept to the Sheriff to

sell and make distribution According to said Verdicts. (New Hampshire) OED2 sense 3 †1762-71preconceive 1559 anon. The Queenes maiesties passage through the citie of London to Westminster the daye before her coronacion (facsimile ed. 1959) p. Aii verso This her graces louing behauiour preconceiued in the peoples heades vpon these consideracions was then throughly confirmed. OED2 1580predy 1618 ( 1904 ) inEarly Dutch and English Voyages to Spitsbergen (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XI) (reprint 1967) p. 53

They .. offred with weapons drawne to enter our shipp, she beinge all open and unpriddye. Does the early occurrence of i -form make the ship ready etym. even less likely? OED2 lacks negative; predy 1625; form priddy 1867 presentens c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. Bi verso How knowest the presentens? For he spekyth of ye tyme yt is now. OED2 sense b 1530press-work 1755 John Smith The Printer’s Grammar (facsimile ed. 1965) p. 6 The Dutch .. have long since distinguish’d themselves by neatPress-work. OED2 1771presscopy 1785 ( 1959 ) Thomas Jefferson Letter to John Adams Aug. 6, 1785 in The Adams-Jefferson Letters p.37 I have retained a presscopy of this draught. OED2 1796pressive 1680 ( 1988 ) Samuel Jeake June 28, 1680 in An Astrological Diary of the Seventeenth Century Samuel Jeake of Rye 1652-1699 p. 152 She was very pressive for me to take my leave of her Daughter that night. Diary written from memoranda in 1694

OED2 lacks this sensepresumptory 1647 Joshua Sprigge

Anglia Rediviva IV viii p. 284 (facsimile ed. 1960) The Enemy in Worcester returning a very high and presumptory Answer upon the Summons that was sent into them. OED2 lacks; presumptorily 1681pretensive 1632 T. T. The Whetstone of Reproof (facsimile ed. as English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 361 1977) p. 105

The forme of seruice and administration of Sacraments vsed now in the pretensiue reformed Churches. OED2 1640preterimperfect c 1496 John Stanbridge

Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. Bi verso How knowest the preterimperfectens? For he spekyth of ye tyme yt is lytle past without ony of thyse sygnes haue or had. My italics for clarity

OED2 1530preterperfect c 1496 John Stanbridge

Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800

No. 134) p. Bi verso How knowest the preterperfectens? For he spekith of the tyme yt is fully past with this sygnehad. My italics for clarity OED2 1534preterpluperfect c 1496 John Stanbridge

Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. Bi verso How knowest ye preterpluperfectens? For he spekith of the tyme yt is more than fully past with this sygnehad. My italics for clarity OED2 1530prick v 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, Apr. 15, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 110 In rugh sease and rughe wynds comonly the bigger ship goeth before but in smothe seas and with owt wynd, the lyght barks pryck formost. OED2 lacks this sense, cf. sense 11primitive c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. unnum. (Aiiij +5 = Avi verso ?) Eyght [pronownes] ben primatives Ego Tu Sui Ille Ipse Iste Hic & Is. OED2 sense 4a 1530prince’s stuff 1787 ( 1976 ) anon. The Adventures of Jonathan Corncob Ch. 14 p. 82 “Oh! my poor dear blue coat! my best white dimity waistcoat! my new prince’s stuff breeches!” OED2 1814prizer 1745 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Apr. 16, 1745 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 115 The Prizers of the Personal Estate came.

OED2 sense 1 †1654procrastinate 1612 ( 1969 ) Proc. Virginia.. p. 54 in Jamestown Voyages under the First Charter (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. cxxxvi) p. 421 ** [= Smith 1624 quot. under procrastinating, except “this procastinating” (with mispelling) for “ the procrastinating”] OED2 1613procuratrix 1683 The Whores Rhetorick (facsimile ed. 1979) p. 83 It is the custom in some of these [amorous Inns] for the Lady Procuratrix to furnish the Whore also. Hardly OED2 “The inmate who attends to the temporal concerns of a nunnery 1851” (Procuress 1712)prodrome 1684 ( 1951 ) Richard Bovet

Pandaemonium , or the Devil’s Cloyster Ch. v p. 56 Aerial, or other Prodigies .. by the most considerate men of all Ages have been acknowledged to be the Prodroms of great Calamities, or Catastrophies. OED2 sense 1 †1651prodromus 1641 ( 1942 ) Sir Simon D’Ewes The Journal of Sir Simon D’Ewes (Oct. 20, 1641) p. 14 Seditious libels have ever been accounted the Prodromi of desperate Actions. OED2 1645profanism 1609/ 1610 ( 1957 ) Virginia Council

Instructions, orders and constitucions ... to Sir Thomas West in The Three Charters of the Virginia Company of London (Va. 350th Anniv. Celebration Corp.) p. 73 Proceede in punishinge of all atheisme, prophanisme, popery and scisme by exemplary punishment. OED2 rare-1 1607proleful c 1625 ( 1882 ) Nathaniel Butler ? The Historye of the Bermudaes

(Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXV) p. 159The Ilands are prolefull ynough euery waye, and haue two haruests euery yeare.

These your prolefull islands. (1620 letter of Nathaniel Bacon quoted p. 216) OED2 lacks; cf. prolific 1650pronoun c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. Avi verso How knowest thou a pronowne? For he is a parte of reason declyned with case that is set for a propre name. OED2 1530propugnation 1670- 1671 ( 1683 ) Sir James TurnerPallas Armata (facsimile ed. 1968) Bk. I Ch. iv p. 9The Romans used all these Warlike Engines at the expugnation and propugnation of Towns. OED2 †1647prostrate 1639 ( 1944 ) Nathaniel Ward Letter, Mar. 10, 1639, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 4 p. 162 Advise throughly with the counsell whether it will not be of ill consequence to send the Court business to the common consideration of the freemen. I feare it will too much exauctorate the power of that Court to prostrate matters in that manner. OED2 cf. sense 2b 1642 The two quots. suggest some meaning more specific than the “fig. To overthrow” def. given.protection 1596 ( 1964 ) Giles Fletcher Letter, June 30, 1596, in The English Works of Giles Fletcher the Elder p. 389 As toutching the Blackmaile (which as they define it is nothing ells but a protection money, or a reward pro clientela) they vtterly denye that they received any. OED2 protection money 1923provenue 1615 ( 1934 ) in Peter Floris, his Voyage to the East Indies in the Globe 1611-1615 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXIV) (reprint 1967) p. 112 All the tapés which wee lefte att Bantam were solde, and the provenu for the 7[th] Voyage came to [figure omitted] R8. The journal is a translation from the Dutch, with a number of “Dutchisms” noted by the editor. Could this be another?Tapés Javanese articles of clothing; R8 Reals. OED2 1640prune 1606 ( 1943 ) Edmund Scott An Exact Discourse in The Voyage of Sir Henry Middleton to the Moluccas (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXVIII) p. 139 Wee .. had our tuchboxes and pruning irons for ordinance in our hands; for if we should [not?] have pruned our peeces, they would have cloyed, and so have fayled us when wee should have need. Editor (Wm. Foster) footnotes pruning iron “Used for cleaning out guns after firing.”

OED2 lacks? Is this v1 or v2?psychomancy 1612 ( 1953 ) William Strachey

The Historie of Travell into Virginia Britania(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd Ser., No. CIII) p. 95 As the Grecian Nigromancers in their Psychomantie did vse call vp spiritts. OED2 1652; sense 2 1684puff 1638 ( 1944 ) Roger Williams Letter, ca June 14, 1638, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 4 p. 39 I see the vain and empty puff of all terrene promotions. OED2 sense 6b †1606

pulque 1572 ( 1589 ) Henry Hawks inHakluyt’s Principall Navigations (facs. ed. 1965) p. 548 The people of the Countrey [New Spain] are .. given much to drinke both wine of Spaine and also a certeine kind of wine, which they make with hony of Maguez, and rootes, and other things which they use to put into the same. They call the same wine Pulco. OED2 1693pump ship 1770 ( 1809 ) The Trial of the British Soldiers of the 20th Regiment of Foot, for the Murder of Crispus Attucks .. [Court transcript] (Facsimile reprint 1969) p. 24 I saw him again near the house, and asked him what he was after; he said he was pumping ship. OED2 sense 3b dict. 1788, use 1922pump-brake 1590 ( 1959 ) JamesRobinson Inventory of the White Lion in English Privateering Voyages to the West Indies 1588-1595 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXI) p. 77 2 pumpbrackes. OED2 a1625pumping vbln. 1592 ( 1975 ) Thomas Cavendish The Last Voyage of Thomas Cavendish 1591-1592 p. 58(ms. p. 2v line 15) My Companye being growen weke and feble with Continuall watcheing pumpeing and baylinge. OED2 1598pumpkin-wood 1781 ( 1986 ) Abner Sanger

Journal, Jan. 1, 1781, in Very Poor and of a Lo Make, The Journal of Abner Sanger p. 335

We load a jag of pumpkin-wood. New Hampshire OED2, DA lack; DA has pumpkin pine 1809pung n2 1775 ( 1986 ) Abner Sanger Journal, Feb. 13, 1775, in Very Poor and of a Lo Make, The Journal of Abner Sanger p. 27

William Stanwood come at night with a horse pung of hayseed. New Hampshire OED2 1840 DA 1825punk (n3 ) 1687 ( 1965 ) John Clayton The Reverend John Clayton (Virginia Hist. Soc.) p. 27 ** [ =c1707 quot.] Phil. Trans. 1739 clearly dates letter as 1687 (OED2 has this date for exuberance in same quot.) OED2 lists as c1707 (different quot. is 1705)purposely 1585 ( 1981 ) Journal of the Leicester, Nov. 2, 1585, in Sir Francis Drake’s West Indian Voyage 1585-86 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 148) p. 129 He sett saile agayne & .. put to the sea, the winde beinge at that instant purposely vered southerly. OED2 sense 3 1560 onlyputtock n2 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, July 24, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 155 The mayn topmast was bloen down .. and fawling to leeward dyd tear the mayn top much and hanged by the puttocks.

OED2 a1625puttuck (piltock) 1774 ( 1963 ) John Harrower The Journal of John Harrower Apr. 1. 1774 Catched a flying fish, it is much of the sise and couler of a May puttuck. JH was a Shetlander. OED2 1793 and lacks this formpuzzle v 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, July 22, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582

(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 154 We had land one ech syde to leeward and fownd our selvs so puzzeled that no man cold say where we wer. OED2 1595puzzle 1635 Capt. Luke Foxe North-west Fox or Fox from the North-west Passage(Facsimile ed. 1965) p. 199 I pusled all this day amongst the ice. OED2 sense 2b 1817pyracanth 1645 ( 1947 ) Robert Child Letter, Mar. 1, 1645, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 5 p. 11 I haue sent you .. some pyrocanthus trees. OED2 1664quare v 1636 ( 1992 ) Anne Conway Letter, Oct. 2/9, 1651, in The Conway Letters p. 38 I thinke the Grecians learned from them [Egyptians] both naturall and morall philosophy onely they made it quare to their owne religion. OED2 rare †1611quarter-stroke 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow

A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 145 If thei shuld fyght iij daies together thei wold never geve a foyne, but al quarter strokes at the hede and legges. OED2 1559quartumvirate 1818 ( 1977 ) John Taylor Arator Essay no. 8 p. 93 [Manufacturers, banks, bishops, feudal lords] England has demonstrated the character of each member of this kindred quartumvirate.

OED2 1819quat 1607 ( 1955 ) Dobsons Drie Bobbes Ch. 3 p. 27 Good-man Goose was clean quatted, and not able to bring any further proofe, departed a more knowne cuckolde than before. OED2 sense 1 †1590quib n 1603 ( 1929 ) * The Batchelars Banquet Ch. III p. 33 (orig. p. C4v) The Gossips come .. and gall him so to the quick with their quibs and taunts, that his courage will be wholie quaild. *Anon. Editor (F. P. Wilson) doubts attrib. to Dekker (as OED2), suggests Robert Tofte.OED2 sense 2 1656 only (and laters dicts.)quine, yeen 1647 ( 1947 ) William Coddington Letter, Apr. 20, 1647, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 5 p. 149

Letter, Oct. 14, 1648, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 5 p. 269 I intend to sell tenn ewes most of them are as we calle them quine ewes, bringes two at a time, and few of them ould.

They are all but sherings that is one yeare ould at last lambeing, and nowe yeening of two, which is knowne by their teethe none of then haueinge aboue two brod teeth.

? OED2 lacksquip 1687 ( 1940 ) Charles Morton Compendium Physicae in Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XXXIII p. 164, 167 (from 1697 transcription of 1687 ms., probably first compiled c1680) Air and a Rod struck swiftly through it, which makes a Quip.

A .. Distinction of Sound May be as to time Short, or Continued. Short as a Knock, bounce, Quip, etc: when the impuls to the Air, and the appuls to the Ear is but one.

Could an otherwise unrecorded quip as a sound (presumably onomatopoeic) be the primary meaning behind the common meaning “sharp or sarcastic remark” of OED2 (1532), rather than quip <quippy< L. quippe ?quits (call it quits) 1858 ( 1953 ) Abraham

Lincoln Speech at Havana, Ill, Aug. 14, 1858, in Collected works of Abraham Lincoln Vol. II p. 542 We will call it quits. OED2 1898 for phrase (sense 2d.)rack ( v3 ) 1813 ( 1966 ) John Selman Letter, Mar 18, 1813 in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.2 p.633 I shipped a sea which racked the Franklin, and set her leaking. OED2 sense 2c 1840rade 1553 ( 1988 ) William Baldwin Beware the Cat 3rd part p. 35Cynthia .. by means the neap abasing Thetis’ swollen face would make her to cast beyond her those rades, which before the full the spring had caused her to throw short. (First published 1570. Normalized spelling) OED2 1661 only, for the rays of a starfishradix 1818 ( 1990 ) Thomas Jefferson Report of Commisioners for Univ.Virginia reprinted in Public and Private Papers by TJ Library of America p. 140 [Anglo-Saxon] gives the radix of the mass of our language. OED2 sense 4 †1771; here refers to language more widely than individual words.rake 1776 ( 1972 ) Brig. Gen. Benedict ArnoldLetter, Aug. 31, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 350 The Spitfire Capt Ulmer .. could not Clear the Shore & was obliged to come to an Anchor again, & rode out the Storm, tho exposed to the rake of Cumberland Bay. Arnold was not a seaman, and perhaps should not be trusted for nautical terms (among other things).

OED2 lacks (cf. rake v1 sense 9a)ralliance 1816 ( 1959 ) Thomas Jefferson Letter to John Adams Aug. 9, 1816 in The Adams-Jefferson Letters p. 485 What a stand will it secure as a ralliance for the reason and freedomof the globe. OED2 1826 (also TJ)ram v2 1647 ( 1947 ) William Coddington Letter, Oct. 14, 1648, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 5 p. 269 If yow desire to haue more whit sheepe then blacke, then rambe your ewes with whit rambs. OED2 1688rancheria c 1595 ( 1959 ) Report of Cumberland’s seventh voyage in English Privateering Voyages to the West Indies 1588-1595 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXI) p. 243

Which Rancheryas are the Pearle fishing places of the said Island [Margarita], containeing Six or Seaven severall villages which they inhabitt for that purpose but not above one of them at once. OED2 1600rand n1 c 1752 ( 1852 ) Capt. WilliamCoats The Geography of Hudson’s Bay

(Hakluyt Soc. 1st. Ser. No. XI) p. 21 The tides are violently affected by those thick, heavy, deep rands of ice, which distract them in all directions and in all gradations, according to the bulk and depth they are immersed. OED2 sense 4 †1702ranger 1831 Mary Prince The History of Mary Prince p. 16. Facsimile reprint in Six Women’s Slave Narratives (1988) It was a horrid thing for a ranger† to have sometimes to beat his own wife or sister. †The head negro of an estate – a person who has the chief superintendance under the manager. (On Antigua, West Indies) OED2 lacks the sense.ranging timber 1750 ( 1916 ) JamesBirket Oct. 29, 1750, inSome Cursory Remarks Made by James Birket in His Voyage to North America p. 46 They [New Yorkers] have also An Extensive trade to the West -indies &ca .. Lumber, of Sundry sorts as Boards, Plank, Joists, Staves & Heading, Shingles Hoops, & Ranging Timber. OED2 1796 def.— “(?)”rank hold 1830 ( 1962 ) Joseph P. Martin Narrative .. reprinted as Private Yankee Doodle p.79 Our stomachs being empty the whiskey took rank hold. OED2 Webster 1848, no quot.rarefaction 1576 ( 1940 ) Sir Humphrey Gilbert

A discourse of a discoverie for a new passage to Cataia in The Voyages and Colonising Enterprises of Sir Humphrey Gilbert (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXIII) ( reprint 1967) p. 145 The Tides, and courses of the sea, are maintained by their interchangeable motions: as freash rivers are by springes, and ebbing and flowing, by rarefaction and condensation. OED2 1603rattan 1606 ( 1943 ) Edmund Scott An Exact Discourse in The Voyage of Sir Henry Middleton to the Moluccas (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXVIII) p. 157 This tree wee digged up by the roots; which wee set in a frame, beeing made of ratanes or carricke rishes, somewhat like a birds cage.

OED2 1660rattan 1613 ( 1900 ) John Saris Journal, June 29, 1613, inThe Voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan, 1613 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.V) (reprint 1967) p. 94 I commaunded the boatswanes mates to bange the said Fleming with a rotan. OED2 sense 2b 1660rattletrap 1732 Benjamin Franklin Poor Richard, 1733 an Almanack unpaged, verso of title (facs. in The Complete Poor Richard Almanacks, 1970, p. 2) My Wife .. has threatened more than once to burn all my Books and Rattling-Traps (as she calls my Instruments). OED2 rattletrap 1766, lacks rattling-trapravine 1779 ( 1780 ) Lieut. Gen. J. Burgoyne A State of the expedition from Canada p. 69

Q. Was the country, over which the army passed, intersected with a deep ravine? A. It was one of the deepest I ever saw.

OED2 sense 3 1781 (Geo. Washington)

reaccess 1576 ( 1940 ) Sir Humphrey Gilbert A discourse of a discoverie for a new passage to Cataia in The Voyages and

Colonising Enterprises of Sir Humphrey Gilbert (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXIII) ( reprint 1967) p. 145 It resteth not possible .. that this perpetual currant, can by any means be maintained, but only by continual reaccesse of the same water, which passeth thorow the fret, and is brought about thither againe, by such Circular motion as aforesaid. OED2 1611reach 1622 ( 1848 ) The Observations of Sir Richard Hawkins Knight, in his Voyage into the South Sea in The Hawkins’ Voyages (2nd ed. date? Hakluyt Soc. Ser. 1, No. LVII, reprint date?) §xvii p. 143Every night we might see the reach goe contrary to the winde which wee sayled by; verifying the old proverbe amongst mariners, — that he hath need of a long mast, that will sayle by the reach. OED2 sense 3 1830reak bat, rake bat 1714 1715 ( 1972 ) John Fontaine

Journal Seen nothing remarkable only some reak bats. (Dec. 14, 1714 p.47)

We see some birds we call marling spikes, murs and rake bats. (Jan. 3, 1715 p. 55) (Well at sea, SW of Ireland) ?? OED2 lacksreceipt 1586 ( 1981 ) Journal of the Leicester, Jan. 17, 1586, in Sir Francis Drake’s West Indian Voyage 1585-86 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 148) p. 155 These dayes was carried abourd the shippes good store of wine and oyle & meale, and most of the small shippes did ride at receyt by the key. OED2 sense 10 (only as stand at receipt )reclamation 1775 ( 1968 ) Abraham Heyliger Letter, Dec. 14, 1775 inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.3 p. 106 This my public reclamation .. of the aforesaid Schooner Nancy, with whatever she had on board at the time of her being piratically carried away. OED2 sense 5 1787recognosce 1670- 1671 ( 1683 ) Sir James TurnerPallas Armata (facsimile ed. 1968) Bk. III Ch. xv p. 261 When you send out a smaller part for Intelligence, it must not be far, it is done when an enemy is near; these are to discover, or as it is commonly called to recognosce. OED2 sense 3b 1637 onlyrecommend 1691 ( 1963 ) William Fitzhugh Letter to Susanna Letten, Apr. 8, 1691 in William Fitzhugh and his Chesapeake World p.277 I receiv’d your letter wch. you are pleas’d to say was occasioned by the Recommends of some friends of mine. (Although writing from Virginia to England,WF did not use obvious Americanisms)

CHECK current Mormon usage “Temple recommend” OED2 1806 “ colloq. (orig. U.S.)”redshire a 1642 ( 1944 ) Sir Charles Coote Account of his iron works, rewritten by John Winthrop Jr., in Winthrop Papers Vol. 4 p. 363 When it came vnder the hammer it would flye extreamely, and hardly hold to make a bloome, and commonly was a rotten redshire,

and a staring coulshire, both in one barre without any intermixture of tuffnesse at all.OED2 1665

reese 1638 ( 1944 ) Thomas Dudley Letter, Dec. 24, 1638, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 4 p. 86 I thancke you for your gammon of bacon, the outsides whereof I was forct to cutt of, it smelt so restyly of the old Saxon reesing. Old Saxon? OED2 reese 1784; lacks vbl. n.reeve 1639 ( 1944 ) Richard Gibson Letter, Jan. 14, 1639, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 4 p. 96 Shee so behaved herselfe in the shipp .. that the block was reaved at the mayne yard to have duckt her. OED2 1658; reeving 1627refractious 1633 ( 1894 ) Capt. Thomas JamesThe Strange and Dangerous Voyage in The Voyages of Captain Luke Foxe and Captain Thomas James (Hakluyt Soc. 1st ser. No. LXXXIX) p. 541 I haue seene the land eleuated by reason of the refractious ayre, and neuerthelesse the Sunne hath risen perfect round. OED2 a1691 onlyrefrigeratingppla. 1632 A. H. [Henry Hawkins]

Partheneia Sacra (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 81 1971) p. 21 These heats she tempers and extinguishes with the deawes of her refrigerating grace. OED2 1633regratulation 1638 ( 1944 ) William Tompson

Letter, May 25, 1638, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 4 p. 32 Noble Mr. Winthroppes loue, and deare respecte is neglected of vs, and not so much as one of Accomenticus sends him a paper schroule, in waye of acknowledgemente of his faithfulnesse, or in the waye of regratulation or thankfulnesse. OED2 1650regulator 1687 ( 1940 ) Charles Morton

Compendium Physicae in Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XXXIII p. 54 (from 1697 transcription of 1687 ms., probably first compiled c1680) The Quantity or running water is to be measured by Velocity instead of length in a determinate, and known breadth, and depth: this done by an Instrument cal’d a Regulator (that is a long trough shuch as are at overshot mills).

OED2 sense 2a 1702Reichstag 1643 ( 1925 ) Peter Mundy The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XXXV (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LV) Vol. 4 p. 200 Hier [Warsaw] att present was held a Reichs Tag, a Parliamentt or an assembly off the nobles about the states affaires. OED2 1867reject 1675 ( 1893 ) Dr. John Covel Journal inEarly Voyages and Travels in the Levant (Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXXXVI) p. 182 Close to each joynt they have an excellent mortar, .. made of unslaked lime and beaten brick, .. all slaked with linseed oyle and mixt together, then they reject whist it is fresh made, otherwise it hardens immediately. OED2 cf. sense 8c 1579 onlyrelative c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. unnum. (Aiiij +6 = Avii ?) How knowest a Pronowne relatyf? For by hym is some thyng shewed yt is sayd before. OED2 sense 1 (earliest sense) 1530

release 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 102 A certene dewe clammy like honey .. that stoured awaie it resteth hard white and pure as eny sugre and hath an excellent swete release. OED2 1604 onlyremarque (remark) 1701 ( 1977 ) William Byrd II

Letter to Sir Robert Southwell, July 26, 1701 inThe Correspondence of the Three William Byrds of Westover, Virginia p. 211 It has been the less regret to us to tarry here [Norwich] so long, because tis a large city, and affords a great many remarques. OED2 sense 4d rare †1678reme n2 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 149 Ther is another sort of fysshes called bonytas, and be as bigge as a smal milwell, and thes swymmes alwaie a grete nomber of them together in the reme of the water and baite upon the boladoros. OED2 a1300 onlyremise 1770 ( 1914 ) Henry Cruger, Jr. Letter, Nov. 10, 1770, in Commerce of Rhode Island 1726-1800 Vol. 1, p. 350 I lately received from Jamaica £100 Stg. in part of the £150 Bill I sent there to be recovered of the Drawer on your Account. This remise is unfortunately noted for nonacceptance.

. OED2 sense 4 †1689remount 1776 ( 1972 ) Philip Stephens Orders to Adm. Howe, June 23, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 434 Proceed & take under Convoy the Transports which carry .. the 16th Regt of Light Dragoons; the Remount Horse for the 17th; And the Draught Horses for the Baggage & Artillery of the army serving with Genl Howe. OED2 1781, attrib. 1812remunerative 1849 ( 1986 ) Herman Melville

Redburn ch.47 Penguin ed. p.322 Emigrant passengers, who as a cargo are much more remunerative than crates and bales. OED2 sense 3 1859remurmur 1611 Henry Fitz Simon The Justification and Exposition of the Divine Sacrifice of the Masse (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 108 1972) p. 224 As doggs to their vomit, & hoggs to their myre they eftsoons returne to their remurmuring nature of impugning agayne, and againe this point of religion. OED2 1697renayed 1599 ( 1893 ) Thomas Dallam

Journal inEarly Voyages and Travels in the Levant (Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXXXVI) p. 14 Thar be a greate number of Turks that be but Renied cristians of all nations. OED2 †1590rendezvous 1776 ( 1972 ) Capt. W. A. Halsted Hutchinson

Letter, Sep. 19, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 903 The next Morning I opened my Rendezvous and found it to be for Halifax.

OED2 lacks sense of orders specifying rendezvous.rendezvous 1777 ( 1976 ) Maryland Council of Safety

Letter, Jan. 9, 1777, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7 p.

909 We .. are sorry to find so many of your men have left you, the only way to replace them is to open a Rendezvous, and offer the same Pay and Terms in every respect, that the Continent does. OED2 sense 1c †1771renunciate 1728 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Feb. 13, 1728 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 30 Mr. Flynt renunciated or openly declar’d Mr. Greenwood Professor of Mathematicks. OED2 † sense 1 1686 onlyreparatress 1632 A. H. [Henry Hawkins]

Partheneia Sacra (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 81 1971) Proem p. Aiiij Mother of God, Ladie of the World, and the true Reparatresse of life. OED2 lacks; reparatrice 1402 onlyrepine 1740 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman July 24, 1740 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 81 The Seasonableness of the Rain may prevent our meadow repining for our hay. OED2 lacks this sensereplicate v 1676 ( 1964 ) Sir Thomas Browne Letter, May 3, 1676, in The Works of Sir Thomas Browne Vol. IV p. 60 The gutts in birds are replicated long wayes not transversely as in man. OED2 sense 3 1777reply 1574 ( 1963 ) William Bourne A Regiment for the Sea (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXXI) p. 254 Open the compasses agayne from the center of the compas vnto the place that you do imagin to be the land, and then reply it vnto the trunk of measure, you shall see howe many leagues you bee from the shore.

Apparently means “apply again.” The OED2 Bourne quote under sense 6 is less clear to me, but seems to be the same, not at all the “folding back” of the OED2 def.reshine 1611 Henry Fitz Simon The Justification and Exposition of the Divine Sacrifice of the Masse (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 108 1972) Our Illustrious Primat Peter Lombard so cleerlie reshining euen in the Theatre of the world, if not aboue yet among the brightest Prelats, for rare learning. (Epistle Dedicatory p. a2v)This Virgin (quoth S. Anselmus ) should reshine with that puritie, then which vnder God, greater can not be comprehended. (p. 218) Anselmus: Virgo illa niteret. OED2 “To shine again”, but here, and in the three OED2 quots. with a fig. sense, the “again” is not apparent.restily 1638 ( 1944 ) Thomas Dudley Letter, Dec. 24, 1638, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 4 p. 86 I thancke you for your gammon of bacon, the outsides whereof I was forct to cutt of, it smelt so restyly of the old Saxon reesing. OED2 1611 dict. onlyresultant 1609 ( 1957 ) Virginia Council

Instruccions orders and constituccions ... to Sir Thomas Gates in The Three Charters of the Virginia Company of London (Va. 350th anniv. Celebration Corp.) p. 66 Whensoever you consult of any busines of importance, wee advise you ... to heare every man his oppinion and objeccion, but the resultants out of them or your

owne determinacion what you intend to doe not to impart to any whatsoever, but to such onely as shall execute it. OED2 lacks this sense. Cf. “result “ sense 3 (= decision or resolution) 1647retortive 1632 T. T. The Whetstone of Reproof (facsimile ed. as English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 361 1977) subtitle

With .. a compendious retortive discussion of the mis-applyed by-way.OED2 sense 3 1826

retraxit 1776 ( 1976 ) Connecticut General AssemblyJournal, Dec. 19, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7

p. 520 Table of Fees ..To the Clerk or Registrar .. For a retraxit 0 . . 1 . . 0

OED2 †1768reverberation 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow

A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 12The mydde region of the aire .. is destitute of al causys of heate, upward it begynnyth where the heate of the fyer ceasseth, and downeward where ceasseth the reverberation of the sonne beamys. OED2 sense 1b 1460-70reverberation 1553 ( 1988 ) William Baldwin

Beware the Cat 2nd part p. 31 Noises sounded so shrill in my head by reverberation of my ‘fined films, that the sound of them was so disordered and monstrous that I could discern no one from other. (First published 1570. Normalized spelling) OED2 sense 2b 1596 or 1c 1626rice bird 1776 ( 1968 ) Capt. Andrew S. Hamond

Letter, June 10, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.5 p. 461 Most anxiously hoping that I may Soon hear you have reduced the Pride of (what the Americans call the Carolinians) the Rice Birds. OED2 lacks use as nickname. DA 1777rider 1740 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman May 24, 1740 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 78 Mr.Daniel Warrin work’d for me .. getting Riders for the Stone Wall. OED2 cf. sense 12d (riders for rail fence) 1836, DA 1788 (as v. 1760)rifle 1758 ( 1972 ) Receipt, May 6, 1758, in The Papers of Henry BouquetVol. 1 p. 359Carbines with Rifle Barrels, Steel Ramrods }Screws, & Bayonets with Scabbards } ............. 16Rifle Moulds ......................................................................... 16

[endorsed] Receipt for 16 Riffles. OED2 sense 2a 1770, but see slip 1644rifled 1670- 1671 ( 1683 ) Sir James TurnerPallas Armata (facsimile ed. 1968) Bk. III Ch. x p. 209 In foreign places their shooting with Firelocks and rifled Guns at Marks every Holy-day, may make them good Firemen, and

good Marksmen, but doth not strengthen the nerves and arms of men as the Bow did.OED2 1689

riflier (rifler) 1775 ( 1966 ) Eleazar OswaldJournal, Sep. 25, 1775 in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.2

p.200 Dispatch’d the three Companies of Rifliers with 45 days Provisions under command of Captain Morgan. OED2 rifler 1776 ring (v2 ) c 1680 ( 1915 ) anon TheHistory of Bacon’s and Ingram’s Rebellion, 1676 in Narratives of the Insurrections 1675-1690 A few such deales, or shuffles (call them which you please) might quickly ring the cards, and game too, out of his hand. p. 57

What Arguments Grantham made use of, to ring the Sword out of Ingrams hand, to me is not visable. p. 92 The writer was often a phonetic speller, and this could well bewring .It seems closest in sense, however, to OED2 ring v2 sense 13 (1812). (Could this have been wring originally?)ringer n1 1555 ( 1975 ) Building Account in Sidney Ironworks Accounts 1541-1573 (Camden 4th Ser. Vol. 15) p. 123 Delyvered to the fornes ii ryngars waying halfe a honderd and twynty poundes. ? Rather heavy for crow-bars, or even hammers for driving wedges. OED2 cf. sense 3ringtail boom 1776 ( 1972 ) Journal Mass. Sloop Tyrannicide, Aug. 23, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 280 We Carried away our topmast And ringtale boom.

OED2 sense 2 Attrib. 1794rip 1759 ( 1961 ) John Adams Diary Adams Papers Diary and Autobiog.raphy Vol I p.97 Ripping, i. e., using the Words faith, Devil, I swear, damnable, &, displease the Dr. OED2 sense 8a 1772rip-rap a 1571 ( 1963 ) William Bourne An Almanacke and Prognostication for three yeares .. in A Regiment for the Sea (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXXI) p. 92 Betwene Folstayne and Bollayne, is a banke that is called Ryppe Rappe, and lyeth in the midde waye betwene Piccardie and Englande. OED2 sense 2 1669rip-saw 1758 ( 1951 ) Col. Henry Bouquet

Equipment list, June 12, 1758, in The Papers of Henry Bouquet Vol. 2 p. 798 Rip Saws with files. OED2 1846

rippling 1582 ( 1959 ) Richard Madox Diary, Aug. 3, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 159 At supper we espied a ripling of the water. OED2 1669rock-water 1599 ( 1877 ) from Hakluyt Voyages Vol. II, in The Voyages of Sir James Lancaster, Kt. to the East Indies (Hakluyt Soc. Ser. 1,

No. LVI) p. 16 Nipar wine .. is .. in colour like vnto rocke water somewhat whitish.Refers to 1591-4 voyage OED2 1603

rock-weed 1606 ( 1877 ) Capt. John Knight Journal, May 24 & 25, 1606, in The Voyages of Sir James Lancaster .. and the Voyage of Captain John Knight (Hakluyt Soc. Ser. 1, No. LVI) p. 284 This day we sawe much rockweed and drift wood. OED2 1626rode n2 1611 ( 1982 ) Inventory, in Newfoundland Discovered (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 160) p. 66 An ould kedger & 8 ould roades. OED2 1679rodman 1852 ( 1953 ) Abraham Lincoln

[Testimony, Dec. 1852], in Collected works of Abraham Lincoln Vol. II p. 171.Witness has been a civil engineer since 1835, and employed on theUtica and

Canojoharie Railroad, firstly as rodman and leveller. OED2 1853rolling vbl. n2 1609 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain Journal, Jan. 22, 1609, in The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 49 Findinge a rowlinge to sea to come in out of the E. N. E., we warped in aboute two cables length farther. OED2 sense 7 1632rolling vbl. n.2 1687 ( 1940 ) Charles Morton

Compendium Physicae in Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XXXIII p. 167 (from 1697 transcription of 1687 ms., probably first compiled c1680) Stroakes So Close and thick set togather that the hammer of the Ear cannot fall down on the Anvill, after one before comes another Stroake home, this may be perceived in the difference between the common beating and Rolling (as it’s Cal’d) on a Drum. OED2 sense 8 1811 (roll n.2 sense 2 1688)rolling 1842 ( 1953 ) Abraham Lincoln

Temperance address, Feb. 22, 1842, in Collected works of Abraham Lincoln Vol. I p. 274To have a rolling or raising, a husking or hoedown. OED2 1848 DA 1847 rondo 1844 ( 1968 ) William Johnson Diary, Jan. 15,16, 1844 in William Johnson’s Natchez Vol 2 p. 473Rondeau or Rondo is the Entire rage now. ..Rondo, Rondo — to night P. Baker came up on them when they were playing and took the man and all the money that was on the Table. OED2 sense 2 1859 DA 1849roomy 1609 Robert Gray A Good Speed to Virginia B3 (facsimile ed. 1937) So yt the portion which was first thought to be roomie and large inough for them, is now too narrowe and little for them.

OED2 1627roration 1632 A. H. [Henry Hawkins]

Partheneia Sacra (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 81 1971) p. 64 This roration or Deaw we speake of, was made in our Virgin-earth, who being watered with Celestial Deaw, brings forth the Nazaraean flower.

OED2 1727 dict., no usage quot.

rosette 1639 ( 1925 ) Peter Mundy The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XXXI (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LV) Vol. 4 p. 49

For excellencies off art. .. In Westminster Abby, the like on the rossetts off the Chappell. OED2 ? Sense 2a 1806rote ( v2 ) 1795 ( 1959 ) John Adams Letter to Thomas Jefferson Feb. 5, 1795 in The Adams-Jefferson Letters p.255 Those Republicans who delight in Rotations will be gratified in all Probability, till all the Ablest Men in the Nation are roted out. OED2 sense 2 no quot. 1697< >1806rough n 1595 ( 1940 ) Henry Roberts Lancaster his Allarums inThe Voyages of Sir James Lancaster to Brazil and the East Indies 1591-1603 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXV) p. 69 Wee in the admirall, ryding a foule and most bitter rough, were faine to shift for ourselves and put into the sea.

OED2 sense 5b 1633round a 1595 ( 1618 ) Sir Roger Williams The Actions of the Lowe Countries p. G2v in The Works of Sir Roger Williams (1972) p. 92 The rest of his horsemen were in three troupes, making Patroiles(rounds we call it) from place to place round about the towne. OED2 sense 14 1598rove n3 1582 ( 1959 ) William Hawkins in The Troublesome Voyage of Captain Edward Fenton (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXIII)

500 Roves of Sugar. (p. 282)

Sugar was worth in Spirito Sancto 2 ducats the Roove. (p. 283)OED2 1598

rove v2 1704 ( 1934 ) Nathaniel Davis in A New Voyage and Description of the Isthmus of America(Lionel Wafer) Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXIII (reprint 1967) p. 159 He was out a Roving on the Account, as the Jamaica Men call it, but it is downright Pirating, they making their own Commissions on the Capstans. OED2 †1698row v1 1606 ( 1877 ) Capt. John Knight Journal, June 13, 1606, in The Voyages of Sir James Lancaster .. and the Voyage of Captain John Knight (Hakluyt Soc. Ser. 1, No. LVI) p. 289 It fell calme, and I losed and rew to the westward with our oares. “Then we rowed and sayled” in same journal entry. OED2 pa. tense rewe †14crowan (n3 ) 1776 ( 1968 ) J W Stanly Invoice, Apr.11, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.4 p. 776 15 ps Rowans 53 Ells in each @ 12 Ps 180 . . — . . — OED2 † 1502 roan † 1696royal 1777 ( 1780 ) Lieut. Gen. J. Burgoyne A State of the expedition from Canada

appendix p. lxxx Lieutenant Glenie ... proposed a conversion of the royals (if I may use the expression) into howitzers.

( the parenthesis appears to apologize for “conversion” rather than “royal”) OED2 Sense B6 (=10d) (a type of mortar) 1790

rub along 1776 ( 1968 ) Gen. Benedict Arnold Letter, Jan. 14, 1776 inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.3 p. 781

Our finances are very low, however I hope we shall be able to rub along. OED2 rub sense 15d 1818rubbish n,v c 1602 ( 1983 ) Gabriel Archer in PurchasPilgrimes (1625) Vol. 4 pp. 1647-57, inThe English New England Voyages 1602-1608(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 161) p. 128, 130 It is ouer-growne with Wood and Rubbish, viz. Okes, Ashes, Beech, Wal-nut, Weech-hasle, Sassafrage, and Cedars, with diuers other of vnknowne name.

We laboured in .. rubbishing our little Fort or Islet. OED2 lacks sense of underbrush;verb (in fig. sense only) 1953ruffle shirt 1777 ( 1976 ) Pennsylvania Evening Post , Feb. 17, 1777, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7 p. 1222 Taken out of the Rising Sun beer-house .. eight ruffle shirts. OED2 1830runner 1684 ( 1977 ) William Byrd Letter to Perry & Lane, Dec. 30 ,1684 inThe Correspondence of the Three William Byrds of Westover, Virginia p. 28 Shee had a tedious passage hither, & by all reports is no runner. OED2 sense 6 1700running 1710 ( 1977 ) William Byrd IILetter to Hans Sloane, June 10, 1710 inThe Correspondence of the Three William Byrds of Westover, Virginia p. 275 This comes by a running ship: but by our fleet I will endeavour to send you some raritys.

OED2 sense 12 1816rusk 1589 Edward Hayes In Hakluyt’s Principall Navigations ( facs. ed. 1965) p. 687 The Portingals .. did most willingly and liberally contribute. Insomuch as we were presented .. with wines marmalads, most fine ruske or bisket, sweet oyles and sundry delicacies. OED2 1595rusty a3 1735 John Atkins A Voyage to Guinea, Brazil, & the West Indies in his Majesty’s Ships, the Swallow and Weymouth (facsimile reprint 1970) p. 77 This Advantage made him very rusty, upon what he called his Dues from every body. OED2 sense 3 1815rut n3 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, June 26, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582

(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 146) p. 147 Because the rut went somewhat hard a shore, therfore they wold not bryng the boat a shore. OED2 1633 Note that here and in at least 1820 quot., rut is the actual surf, not its noise.sachemship 1645 ( 1947 ) Deed, Jan. 20, 1645, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 5 p. 4 I We Bucksham Cheif Sachem and Right Oner of Tantiusques and all the Inland parts of the Country thereabouts have Granted and Sold all that my said Sachemship and Country to John Winthrop Junier. OED2 1771sack 1620 ( 1982 ) John Mason A Briefe Discourse of the New-found-land in Newfoundland Discovered (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 160) p. 96 The conueniency of transporting .. commodities by shippes that goe sackes at ten shilling per tunne out, and thirtie shillings home. Editor (G. T.Cell) footnotes “Ships going to the fishery in ballast.”

OED2 lacks, but has “sack ship Canad. Hist., a large vessel used for transportation in the Newfoundland fisheries” 1732sack 1775 ( 1964 ) Sir Charles Pratt (Lord Camden)

Debate in House of Lords, Mar. 16, 1775 in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol. 1 p. 435 What are the 10,000 men you have just voted out to Boston? Merely to save General Gage from the disgrace and destruction of being sacked in his entrenchments. Presumably v 1; OED2 lacks fig. sense, but cf. sense 5b 1820-3(and 1d 1969)safety-valve 1792 ( 1976 ) John Fitch Steamboat History in Autobiography of John Fitch p. 195 The steam could not damage our works or burst in our Boiler whilst the engine was at work, even if the safety valve was screwed down fast. OED2 1815sag 1585 ( 1981 ) Journal of the Leicester, Nov. 3, 1585, in Sir Francis Drake’s West Indian Voyage 1585-86 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 148) p. 131 We were so becalmed that .. we shuld have been sagged with the sea vppon the Lee shore. OED2 sense 5a 1628sag v 1608 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain Journal, Sep. 19, 1608, in The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 19 Haveinge a greate sea sagginge us to the shoare.

OED2 sense 5 1628sag 1612 ( 1982 ) John Guy Journal, Nov. 14, 1612, in Newfoundland Discovered (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 160) p. 77 Perceiving that by reason of sagging in with the smalnes of the winde we went to leewarde, we stoode out againe. OED2 sense 4a 1633 (sagging vbln. 1769) ; sense 5a (trans.) 1628, but see slip 1585sag 1613 ( 1900 ) John Saris Journal, Apr. 13, 1613, inThe Voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan, 1613 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.V) (reprint 1967) p. 57 But little wynd, our shipp sagged in vpone the shoare.

OED2 sense 4a 1633sagamore 1612 ( 1953 ) William Strachey The Historie of Travell into Virginia Britania

(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd Ser., No. CIII) p. 170There came a Canoa vnto them, and in her a Sagamo and 4. Saluadges, .. the sagamo called his nameSabenoa, and told vs how he was Lord of the River of Sachadehoc. OED2 1613sage 1774 ( 1957 ) Philip V. Fithian Journal & Letters of PVF Sep. 12, 1774 p. 189 A plain carriage, upper part black, lower Sage or Pea-Green. OED2 sense 5 1881salaam v 1616 ( 1899 ) Thomas . Roe Letter, Jan. 17, 1615, in The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.I/2) (reprint 1967) p. 113 The Turke, the last yeere sending on Ambassage to entreate him not to assist the Persian, hee gaue him very harsh entertainment, made him Salem to the ground. OED2 1693sallier 1670- 1671 ( 1683 ) Sir James TurnerPallas Armata (facsimile ed. 1968) Bk. III Ch. xxv p. 330 A careful Enemy having Reserves to attend all accidents, many times pursues the Sallyers so furiously in their retreat, that the Beseiged are forc’d to shut their Gates against their own people. OED2 1685sally 1683 ( 1911 ) CottonMather Diary of Cotton Mather May 12, 1683 Vol. I p. 61 When I read or hear, anything of Importance, I would add a pertinent Salley of Soul to Heaven upon it. (apparently a pious ejaculation appropriate to the occasion, which CM was much exercised with) OED2 cf. sense 4 16.., 1710salt-box 1775 ( 1986 ) Abner Sanger Journal, Feb. 28, 1775, in Very Poor and of a Lo Make, The Journal of Abner Sanger p. 29

This evening El moves into his new saltbox house. New Hampshire OED2 sense 1c, DA 1876 salvator 1681 ( 1963 ) William Fitzhugh

Letter , June 1,1688 in William Fitzhugh and his Chesapeake World p. 244A pair silver Candlesticks .. One Silver Salvator plate Four silver porringers.(Reffered to as salver following year and thereafter} OED2 lacks

samp 1633 ( 1943 ) John Winthrop Letter, Oct. 24, 1633, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 3. p. 141 Send a hogshead of meale and a sacke of samp corne ready ground. OED2 1643sample 1686 ( 1928 ) William Petty Letter, Apr. 8, 1686, in The Petty—Southwell Correspondence (reprinted 1967) p. 188 He readily picks out the genius, words, action, voice and tone of any mimicable man, and can turne his to sample them. OED2 sense 4 †1675sarbacane 1684 ( 1951 ) Richard Bovet

Pandaemonium , or the Devil’s Cloyster Ch. vii p. 77(quoting Brevint Saul at Endor 1674) Through a Pipe or Sarbutane, he conveyed so dexterously this Oracle .. that Pope Coelestin took it, it seems, notwithstanding his Infallibility, for an Angelical Warning. OED2 lacks this sense; cf. sense 2 1644 only, sense 1 1765sarcocele a 1682 ( 1964 ) Sir Thomas Browne Letter in The Works of Sir Thomas Browne Vol. IV p. 388 I am sorry this tumor falls out to

be a sarcocele or carnous rupture .. nor a simple sarcocele butt conjoyn’d with some humorall tumor belowe the Dartos. OED2 1742sargasso 1583 ( 1959 ) Edward Fenton Sea Journal in The Troublesome Voyage of Captain Edward Fenton (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXIII) p. 143 Being in 18 degrees to the N of the Lyne we mett with a rock weede much like to the Giniper with beeries on it which comes from the gulph of Mexico, which the Portingalls call Sarragasse. OED2 1598saucy 1782 ( 1975 ) John Adams Letter to Abigail Adams, Oct. 12, 1782 in The Book of Abigail and John p. 331 I have sent you a whole Piece of most excellent and beautiful Scarlet Cloth -- it is very Saucy.

OED2 lacks sense but cf. sassy hat 1862saw 1592 ( 1966 ) Henry Chettle Kind-Harts Dreame in Elizabethan and Jacobean Quartosp. 12 On which [violl] (by his continuall sawing hauing left but one string) after his best manner, hee gaue me a huntsvp. OED2 saw sense 2 c 1736; lacks vbln. in this sensesawyer 1784 ( 1990 ) Elizabeth House Trist Travel diary, June 14, 1784, (p. 55) in Journeys in New Worlds p. 226 We observed the channel on both sides to be bad on account of the fallen timber which rear their heads above water and some of them being less steady than others. The force of the current makes them bow, which has fix’d upon them the name of Sawyers. OED 1786 sawyer 1789 Thomas Anburey

Travels through the Interior Parts of Americain a Series of Letters (1969 facsimile ed.) Vol. I p. 452 *** OED2 quot. is fine, but this is not a New Zealand beetle in Virginia, USA! See DAE for probable entomol. identification.scab-shinned 1628 Francis Fletcher

The World Encompassed by Sir Francis Drake (facsimile reprint 1966) p. 94 Great gunnes (the late inuention of a scab-shind Frier amongst vs in Europe). OED2 scab-shin †1620scale n7 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 46Hampton is a goodlie towne and .. when the venetians had the trat of the spices in ther handes for then thei made there ther chief scale, but sence that the king of portugal had the trat from calicout he removed the scale into flandres at antwerpe. OED2 1613

scambling 1632 T. T. The Whetstone of Reproof (facsimile ed. as English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 361 1977) p. 384

Not a scrap in it either of true sacrifice or Sacrament, but is onely a pore hungerie scamling of bread & wine not ..euer heard on in the Christian world before the dayes of Luther.

OED2 sense b †1606 (exc. dial. dict.)scant 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, Apr. 1, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582

(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 100 We .. weyd anchor but the west wynd grew flat and scant so that we wer dryven ageyn to more in the same place.

OED2 sense 7 1651scelerate n 1688 ( 1974 ) George Etherege Letter Nov. 24, 1688, in Letters of Sir George Etherege p. 253 The Roman Catholick Princes, whom he has never disoblig’d, wish well to those notorious scelerates, his enemys. OED2 sense B 1715schirrl (schorl) 1776 John Seiferth

Metallurgic Chymistry [translated from the German of C. E. Gellert by John Seiferth] p. 51 Among the iron ores .. Schirrl, differs very little in appearance from the former [wolfram], only its structure is commonly prismatic, but it does not redden when scraped. OED2 1779schough ?(scow) 1774 ( 1975 ) John Adams

Letter to Abigail Adams , June 23, 1774 in The Book of Abigail and John p.56Get me a few freights of Marsh Mud, Flatts, or Creek Mudd. .. But I wont be

answerable again to Deacon Palmer for the Schough. Whoever undertakes, shall hire that. (If spelling means anything, it casts doubt on Dutch etymology) OED2 1780 DA 1669 (both lack this spelling)schuit 1640 ( 1925 ) Peter Mundy The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XXXII (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LV) Vol. 4 p. 62

I went in a schuite or boate towards the Haghe, off which boattes, by the day, there goes one every hower From Rotterdam to fte, att 3 stivers per man. OED2 1666 (But is this distinct from scout n3 1419?)scientn 1687 ( 1940 ) Charles Morton Compendium Physicae in Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XXXIII p. 3(from 1697 transcription of 1687 ms., probably first compiled c1680) The scient meditates for opperationThe science hath its end in contemplation. OED2 B (n.) 1889scientific 1779 ( 1846 ) Col. Ethan Allen Narrative of Col. Ethan Allen’s Captivity 4th ed. (facsimile reprint 1987) p. 92 Most of the residue .. like their brother prisoners, fell a sacrifice to the relentless and scientific barbarity of Britain. OED2 sense 4b “Devised on scientific principles. Also, more loosely: systematic, methodical” 1794, but no quot. for the looser sense.scoop, scooping 1555 ( 1975 ) Building Account in Sidney Ironworks Accounts 1541-1573 (Camden 4th Ser. Vol. 15) p. 156, 157 John Hamond for ii dayes di workyng at the forge in settyng in off skoppes in the whelles ther.

John Hamond for on days labor in skopyng of the hamer whell.

Thomas Hamond for.. mendng of the skopes of the homer whell. OED2 sense 1c 1591; scooping vbl. n. 1841 (verb and vbl. n. lack sense of “equipping with scoops.”

scope 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, June 19, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 146 Our boat whch hytherto we have towed at the stern beyng caried ageynst our poop with a sea brok hir star boord bow but afterwards mended, she was towed agayn with more scope of rope. OED2 sense 11 1697scopen2 c 1685 ( 1905 ) Thomas Bowrey A Geographical Account of the Countries Round the Bay of Bengal (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XII) (reprint 1967) p. 174 I lett dropp our best bore anchor, and veered 40 Fathoms of Cable out; I gave the Ship one Sheere, and let fall our Sheet anchor, and veered out a considerable length or Scope of each. OED2 sense 11 1697scot v 1690 ( 1988 ) Samuel Jeake Oath of Freeman of the Corporation of Rye, July 2, 1690 in An Astrological Diary of the Seventeenth Century Samuel Jeake of Rye 1652-1699 p. 203 My scots & lots of my goods & chattells to the aforesaid Commonalty shall well and truly pay when I shall be thereunto scotted or lotted. OED2 sense 2 c1750Scotch prize 1759 ( 1973 ) Ashley Bowen

Journal, May 19, 1759, in The Journals of Ashley Bowen (1728-1813) of Marblehead (Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XLIV) p. 68

The chase came up with us and took a Scotch prize of 7 guns. Normalized spelling

OED2 1818scotify 1651 ( 1984 ) H. M. Prefatory poem to The Second Wash in The Works of Thomas Vaughan p. 369 And yet he’s no Enthusiast, nor ally’dTo Independencie , but Scotified. OED2 1869scowl n1 1794 ( 1986 ) Abner Sanger Journal,Jan. 13, 1794, in Very Poor and of a Lo Make, The Journal of Abner Sanger p. 490

Clouds up, fog scowls on Monadnock all the afternoon. New HampshireSanger is as flat and prosaic as they come— this should be local usage. OED2 sense 2 1648 and 1878, both appear poetic and figurative. scrabblement 1671 ( 1965 ) Copy of a Journal from Virginia .. in The Reverend John Clayton (Virginia Hist. Soc.) p. 73[A

tree] cut with MA & several other scrabblements. 1671 journal copied by Clayton and transmitted to Royal Soc. and read 1688 OED2 a1603 only (and sense differs)scramble v 1749 ( 1988 ) Sworn information of Samuel Marsh, in Henry Fielding A True State of the Case of Bosavern Penlez , in Henry Fielding An Enquiry into the Causes of the Late Increase of Robbers and Related Writings p. 54 As this Informant came up to him, and called out to him, saying, Friend, here, come and take this Cap you have dropt , the said Man scrambled up the rest of the Things, and ran away as fast as he could. OED 2 sense 1c 1822, but see slip Pendleton 1777scramble 1777 ( 1967 ) Edmund Pendleton

Letters and Papers Let. to R.H. Lee Nov. 2,1777

(Va. Hist. Soc.) Vol. I p.233 A few Fishing boats scrambled up by the poor dispised Americans. OED 2 sense 1c 1822, but see slip 1749scratch 1830 ( 1962 ) Joseph P. Martin Narrative .. reprinted as Private Yankee Doodle p.27 We had a considerable tight scratch with about an equal number of the British. (Continental army in American Revolutionary War) OED2 sense 8b 1840scratchplatters 1774 ( 1963 ) John Harrower The Journal of John Harrower Apr. 4. 1774 I supped on a dish called Scratchplatters. It is made of biscuits broack small and soacked in water untill they are soft, and then Winegar, oile, salt, and Onions cut small put to it, and supped with spoons. (On shipboard.) OED2 lacksscrawl 1593 ( 1964 ) Giles Fletcher Licia Sonnet XXXIII l. 5 in The English Works of Giles Fletcher the Elder p. 98 [I wrote my sighs and sent them to my love]..And thus reply’d: False Scrawle, untrue thou art, To faine those sighes, that no where can be found. OED2 1693, but see slip Howes 1633; verb 1611scrawl 1633 ( 1943 ) Edward Howes Letter, Aug. 5, 1633, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 3. p. 135 The Lord see that I am vnworthie and vnfitt to come amonge you as yet, other wise then in some few scrawles of paper.

OED2 1693, but see slip Fletcher 1593screw (n 3 ) 1775 ( 1964 ) William Shirreff Letter, May 29, 1775 in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol. 1 p. 558 Procure Hay screws at any rate, and the whole should be carryed to a particular place most convenient for that purpose as Also for Shipingof it.

(WS was Qtr. Master Gen., British Army, writing from Boston to Nova Scotia asking for 3 or 4000 tons of hay. In light of “A store full of screwed hay” in a New England source (Vol. 2 p. 883), could this be hay bales, leaving the name of this source and that of auth. of OED2 quot. simply a strange coincidence?) ? OED2 1814 J. Shirreff Agric. Shetld. “Orkney and Shetl. A small stack (of corn, hay or straw)”. screw-plate c 1648 ( 1898 ) William Bradford Of Plimoth Plantation p. 287 (ms. p. 160) Some have seen them have their scruplats to make scrupins them selves. OED2 1677scribbling 1590 ( 1964 ) Giles Fletcher Letter, Nov. 7, 1590, in The English Works of Giles Fletcher the Elder p. 384 These scriblings I am bold to offer to your Honours iudgement that you may censure the stile.

OED2 sense 2 1705scruple 1581 ( 1963 ) William Bourne An Almanacke and Prognostication for x. yeeres .. in A Regiment for the Sea (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXXI) p. 374 The Sommer quarter of the yeere beginneth the xi. day of June, at xii. a clocke xxvii min at midnight, at what time the

Sunne entreth the first scruple of Cancer. For most of the forty corresponding events in the ten years, the sun enters the first point of the appropriate sign, for a few the first scruple, for some the first minute, suggesting the terms were not very specific.

OED2 cf. sense 2b 1633scud 1582 ( 1959 ) Richard Madox Diary, July 20, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 154 We .. bore agayn sowthsotheast with dyvers scuds of rayn. OED2 sense 2b 1687scuffle 1729 ( 1977 ) William Byrd IILetter to Commrs. of Trade and Plantations, June 27, 1729 inThe Correspondence of the Three William Byrds of Westover, Virginia p. 415 In many places we were forced to scuffle through thickets. OED2 sense 3a 1784sea-adder c 1650 ( 1936 ) Peter Mundy inThe Travels of Peter Mundy , in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXVIII) (reprint 1967) Vol.V p. 6 This fish by the common people is termed a sea adder. In list of fishes of Cornwall OED2 sense 2 a1672sea-cow 1656 ( 1936 ) Peter Mundy Journal, Mar. 1, 1656, inThe Travels of Peter Mundy , in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXVIII) (reprint 1967) Vol.V p. 74 Our master gunner strucke a monstrous fish with a harping iron, butt it brake away. Itt is named diversly: by some a sun fish; by others a shovell mouthed; by others a sea cow; somewhat like a ray, near 10 feet in breadth betweene the end of his two finnes. Sketch identified as “the Sea-devil or devil-fish, Mobula eregoodoo (Cantor)”This suggests the name was popular , not a translation of the Greek as per 1722 quot.

OED2 sense 3 1722 onlysea-parrot c 1613 ( 1881 ) Robert Fotherby? in The Voyages of William Baffin (Hakluyt Soc. 1st. Ser. No.LXIII) p. 71 Upon this land [Spitzbergen] ther be .. great store of white fowle, as cueluerduns, wilde geese, sea pigeons, sea parots, willocks, stint, guls, and diuers others. OED2 1664sea-pigeon c 1613 ( 1881 ) Robert Fotherby? in The Voyages of William Baffin (Hakluyt Soc. 1st. Ser. No.LXIII) p. 71 Upon this land [Spitzbergen] ther be .. great store of white fowle, as cueluerduns, wilde geese, sea pigeons, sea parots, willocks, stint, guls, and diuers others. OED2 1620sea-swallow 1656 ( 1936 ) Peter Mundy Journal, June 7, 1656, inThe Travels of Peter Mundy , in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXVIII) (reprint 1967) Vol.V p. 84 Pittrells flying and playing to and fro, chirping like swallowes, beeing aboutt the same bignesse, shape and coullour, soe that they may more fittly bee termed sea-swallowes. Footnote: “Probably a form of the white-faced storm-petrel (Pelagodroma marina )” OED2 sense 2c 1647 dict. (not clearly this bird)sea-turn c 1595 ( 1959 ) Report of Cumberland’s seventh voyage in English Privateering Voyages to the West Indies 1588-1595 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXI) p. 252 The Nexte Morneing they had the Sea turne, they sett saile and came in and Anchored within Caliver shott of the Spanish Shippes. OED2 1627

secation 1640 ( 1944 ) Edward Howes Letter, May 12, 1640, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 4 p. 242 You may passe from any parte of the Circumference to an other, without obstacle of Earth or secation of lynes.

OED2 1656

seconding vbl. n. 1590 ( 1972 ) Sir Roger Williams A Brief Discourse of Warre (p. A3) in The Works of Sir Roger Williams p. 4

I thinke Gonsalua was called the last graunde Captaine, but I perswade myselfe neither he nor any other before him had neuer carried that name without the seconding of a number of braue companions. OED2 1613sectionalism 1856 ( 1953 ) Abraham Lincoln

Fragment on Sectionalism, c.July 23, 1856, in Collected works of Abraham Lincoln Vol. II p. 349 It is constantly objected to Fremont & Dayton, that they are supported by a sectional party, who, by their sectionalism, endanger the National Union. OED2 1858 DICT AMERICANISMS 1855sectionist 1834 ( 1951 ) William A. Caruthers The Kentuckian in New-York Vol. 1 iv p. 54 Between the angry sectionists of the North and South. OED2 1893; (sectionalist ) 1863see n2 1670- 1671 ( 1683 ) Sir James TurnerPallas Armata (facsimile ed. 1968) preface, 3rd unnum. p. You are to know more than your daily see; for it is a sign of a very mean Officer, when he tells you he likes not such a thing, because he never saw it before. OED2 cf. 1868seech 1648 ( 1947 ) Orders of the Coopers, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 5 p. 288 We goe by the London rule for they neuer cut out the sape out of beere and Water caske: but for wine and oyle they doe becas wine and oyle ly long in a cask and they seech more the cask than bere and water doe.

? cf. seek sense 6b?seel v1 1582 ( 1959 ) Richard Madox Diary, Sep. 21, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 192 M. Ferdinando boasting of the skil he had in ryding which is a thing that few mariners can wel doe .. sayth he, when he began to heave and set and seel abowt, I so bremd him with a cudgel abowt the beak head afore and the quarters abaft. OED2 a1618seel 1609 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain Journal, Sep. 3, 1609, in The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 117 Shee would overthrowe with the seeles which she made from one side to the other. OED2 1625seer 1615 ( 1971 ) Capt. WilliamKeeling Journal, Dec.16, 1615, in The East India Company Journals of Capt. William Keeling and Master Thomas Bonner, 1615-1617 p. 115 Elephants teeth vall[ue] 5 mams [mahmudies] p[er] seere at Sindee. OED2 1618seignorize c 1603 ( 1972 ) Thomas Rogers

Leicester’s Ghost stanza 288, line 2010 p. 79 Pompey the great that long did seignorize,

Amonge theConscript Fathers of old Rome, EDITOR SUPPLIES AUTHORSHIP AND DATE. OED2 has 9 quots. attributed to Parsons a1610 OED2 1634semi-semi-quavers 1632 A. H. [Henry Hawkins]

Partheneia Sacra (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 81 1971) p. 141 Sweetly cutting the ayre with repitition of a hundred thousand semi-semi-quavers. OED2 1611 dict. onlysenectutal 1812 ( 1959 ) John Adams Letter to Thomas Jefferson , Feb. 3, 1812 in The Adams-Jefferson Letters p.295 My Senectutal Loquacity. OED2 lacksserpentine a 1799 ( 1846 ) Isaac SenterJournal Oct. 19, 1775 (Hist. Soc. Penna.), p. 13 (facsmile reprint 1969) This was a small serpentine, coming undoubtedly out of some heighth of land. (Journal was clearly reworked — 1799 was author’s death)

OED2 cf. sense 10c 1837service 1742 ( 1994 ) Capt. Christopher Middleton

Journal, July 13, 1742, in Voyages to Hudson Bay in Search of a Northwest Passage 1741-1747 Vol. I(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. Vol. 177) p. 193 At 6 a.m. being low water, hove in the Cable to the Short Service. At 8 ditto veer’d out ot the Long Service Not OED2 sense 35, but see previously submitted slip Robertson 1754shabby 1742 ( 1993 ) Henry Fielding Letter, Sep. 24, 1742, in The Corresponence of Henry and Sarah Fielding p. 24 How common it is with the Poets to admit a shabby word, as you Lovers of Music do sometimes a shabby Treble only for being musical. OED2 sense 1c 1805shalloon n1 1576 ( 1931 ) Oxford Convocation decree, in Statuta Antiqua Universitatis Oxoniensis, ed. S. Gibson p. 403(per footnote, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 88 [No one] shal weare anie Scalions of Velvet, of Silke or of any other colour then black or any Gascons or Venetians at all ether within the universitye or without under paine of forfeyting xiiijs iiijd for the first time, and for the second time xxxvjs viiijd, and so toties quoties. Gascon? Is this shalloon OED2 1665 ?shallop (v ) 1776 ( 1968 ) Pennsylvania Evening Post, May 7, 1776, in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.4 p. 1443 Deserted from the Bulldog .. He commonly used shalloping, and working along the shore. OED2 “nonce-wd. “ 1737 (also a Phila. newspaper, so perhaps a localism, but not a nonce-word).shampoo 1632 ( 1914 ) Peter Mundy Journal, Aug., 1632, in The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. VIII (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 2 p. 86 The Barbers of this place are much spoken of for their neatenesse in Shaveinge and artificiall Champinge. The latter is a kind of Custome used all India over, att tyme of rest especiallye, which is to have the bodies handled as wee knead in England, but this is with gripeing their hands, and soe they will goe all over a mans body as hee lyes along. OED2, Hobson -Jobson 1762shamyon, shamow 1550 ( 1975 ) Building Account in Sidney Ironworks Accounts 1541-1573

(Camden 4th Ser. Vol. 15) p. 96 Paid .. for ii plates one for the twerne and the other for the shamyons xxi d.

Delyvered unto the fornes ii shamowes wayeng Therty on pounds. (1555 p. 126) Editor (D. W. Crossley) glosses “Shamyons Iron parts in the linkage of water-powered bellows” (p. 37), which sounds to me like a guess. ??shanty 1809 Capt. LemuelRoberts

Memoirs (facsimile reprint 1969) p. 6 We also found a chauntee or lumber shed, ready built to our hands, that had formerly been made use of by some Canadians. recounting events on Grand Isle (now in Vermont) in 1768 “shanty “ OED2 1820shark 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, June 26, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 147 Hear be also great shorks which is as yt wer an overgroen dogfysh of 6 foot long or more. Madox thus spells consistently.

OED2 lacks variantshark 1735 John Atkins A Voyage to Guinea, Brazil, & the West Indies in his Majesty’s Ships, the Swallow and Weymouth (facsimile reprint 1970) p. 45 Shirks very much infest the Mouth of this River; the most bold and ravenous of the watry Tribe. (Consistently so spelled through book) OED2 lacks this formshaving ppl a 1595 ( 1940 ) Henry Roberts Lancaster his Allarums inThe Voyages of Sir James Lancaster to Brazil and the East Indies 1591-1603 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXV) p. 65 Such shaving people which never think of freindship longer then they reape commoditie. OED2 1611shawl 1616 ( 1899 ) Thomas . Roe Letter, Jan. 17, 1616, in The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.I/2) (reprint 1967) p. 223 Pressing mee to take a Gould shalh.

(noted by editor as perhaps earliest occurence in English) OED2 1662sheathe 1581 ( 1959 ) Henry Ughtred & Martin Frobisher in The Troublesome Voyage of Captain Edward Fenton (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXIII) p. 20 The sayd Henry Ughtred ys to gyve at his charges so much yacht planke ready sawed as wyll case or sheathe the sayd shipp. OED2 sense 5a 1615sheathing paper 1777 ( 1976 ) Cargo list, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7 p. 1072 Schooner Hannah ‘s Cargo, vizt: .. 30 bundles sheathing paper. OED2 1800sheet anchor 1606 ( 1969 ) Examination concerning damage to the Susan Constant in Jamestown Voyages under theFirst Charter (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. cxxxvi) p. 59 The sheate anker cost xxxiijs in repayring the same. OED2 ß form 1626sherbaff 1613 ( 1900 ) John Saris Journal, June 12, 1613, inThe Voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan, 1613 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser.

No.V) (reprint 1967) p. 83 Giuen to Mr Addames host .. 1 pees Serebaffe of 20 rials per Corge. OED2 1619shift 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 279 Some of the saylers complayned that she had not that shifte of cabling and cordage, as to the length of hir viage and greatness of hir burden was convenient. OED2 sense 8b 1592shine 1746 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Aug. 7, 1746 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 140 Showers following the Shines to Spoil our haying. OED2 lacks sense of period of sunshineship’s cousin 1781 -1813 ( 1973 ) Ashley Bowen

Autobiography in The Journals of Ashley Bowen (1728-1813) of Marblehead (Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XLIV) p. 8

When our mother died [1740] she left nine children: .. Nathan, a ship’s cousin.Normalized spelling

Editor (P. C. F.Smith) glosses: “a rating or apprentice who berthed aft but whose duties were with the forecastle hands.” OED2 sense 1840 (with no def. and dubious etym.) shipwrightry 1690 ( 1906 ) Samuel Pepys

Memoires Relating to the State of the Royal Navy of England(reprinted 1971) p. 28 The Professors and Practicers of Shipwrightry within this Kingdom. OED2 1711shirtman 1776 ( 1968 ) Public Advertiser, London, Mar. 13, 1776 inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.3 p. 622

The Rebels are called Shirtmen from their Uniforms, being a long Shirt down to their Heels, with a Leaden Medal at their Breasts, in the Shape of an old English Shield, on which is inscribed “Liberty or Death.” OED2 has less detailed explanation of the name.shit-house 1778 ( 1986 ) Abner Sanger Journal, Nov. 19, 1778, in Very Poor and of a Lo Make, The Journal of Abner Sanger p. 219

Also I make a shit house. New Hampshire OED2 1795 shock 1701 ( 1977 ) William Byrd IILetter to Lady Betty Cromwell , June 12, 1701 inThe Correspondence of the Three William Byrds of Westover, Virginia p. 216 [Since you left this place] Such a choque to my whole nature never happened before.

OED2 sense 4a 1705shod 1595 John Davis The Worldes Hydrographical Discription in (1880) Voyages and Works of John Davis ( Hakluyt Soc.) p. 196

The shod of that frozen sea breadeth such noysome pester. The editor (A. H. Markham) footnotes “the clinging of the ice,the annoyance caused by it. An anchor is said to be shod when sand and clay adhere to it.”

OED2 lacks both sb. and Markham’s adj.shod 1880 A. H. Markham in Voyages and Works of John Davis ( Hakluyt Soc. #59) p. 196

An anchor is said to be shod when sand and clay adhere to it. Footnote to Davis’s “shod” sb. (which cf. ). Pa . ppl. of “shoe” would make sense here, but perhaps not in view of the sb. OED2 lacksshoe v 1613 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain Journal, Aug. 10, 1613, in The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 299 The ground beeing very softe, our anchor would not hold .. therefore were faine to shue annother anchour and lett it fall. OED2 sense 3b 1644shoot the gulf 1596 ( 1972 ) Thomas Maynarde

in The Last Voyage of Drake & Hawkins (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXLII) p. 107 March 8, the fleete shott the Gulfe & came for England leaving Florida on the starboord side. The Gulf (now Straits) of Florida. How Florida was on the starboard, I don’t know. OED2 sense 4b 1622, but see slip 1590shoot the gulf 1590 ( 1955 ) Testimony of William Davell , inThe Roanoke Voyages 1584-1590 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CIV) Vol. 1 p. 637They sayled from Cape Tabrowne to the Cape of St Anthony & soe to the Cape of Florida and then shott the gulfe. The two 16c quots. suggest the gulf figuratively shot was originally specifically the Gulf (now Straits) of Florida. OED2 shoot sense 4b 1628, gulf sense 2c, but see slip Maynarde 1596shot plug 1777 ( 1976 ) Journal, H.M.S. Cerberus, Jan. 10, 1777, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7 p. 913 Stood out till I could find out the principal leak then stood in to smooth water and drove a shott plug in. OED2 def. 1867, no quot.shot-pot 1607 ( 1955 ) Dobsons Drie Bobbes Ch. 10 p. 71 Goe fill your shotte pot, and you shall haue your money.

Like cozoning fellowes .. they theeuishly departed ..whilst she was gone to fill their shot-pot. (p. 76) OED2 1664shotboard 1690 ( 1906 ) Samuel Pepys Memoires Relating to the State of the Royal Navy of England (reprinted 1971) p. 11 Thei r whole sides more disguis’d by Shot-boards nail’d, and Plaisters of Canvas pitch’d thereon (for hiding their Defects, and keeping them above Water ). Hyphen at line end OED2 †1633shroff 1615 ( 1939 ) Edward Dodsworth in TheVoyage of Nicholas Downton to the East Indies1614-1615 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXII) (reprint 1967) p. 87 The Generall thoughte fittinge to sende me with a letter to the Nabab, ymportinge of this unfriendlie intertainmente .. forbidinge the shroffes to chainge our monies into that species. OED2 1618 Hobson-Jobson 1614 (as sarafe )shrouding vbl. n.3 1768 ( 1973 ) Ashley Bowen

Journal, July 9, 1768, in The Journals of Ashley Bowen (1728-1813) of Marblehead (Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XLIV) p. 181Received a suit of

rigging [from] Mr. Tedder for Mr. Man’s sloop, viz.. two stays, a coil of shrouding, two coils of 3-yarn spun yarn, and a small coil of two-thread worming. Normalized spelling

OED2 1890 Here and elsewhere Bowen clearly means “material for shrouds”Shrowsbury (Shrewsbury) cake a 1706 ( 1981 )

A Booke of Sweetmeats recipe 146 in Martha Washington’s Booke of Cookery p. 313 To make Shrowsbury cakes. OED2 1728shrub ( n2 ) a 1706 ( 1981 ) A Booke of Sweetmeats recipe 265 in Martha Washington’s Booke of Cookery p. 391 To make shrub. Take one quart brandy & a quart of white wine, & a quart of spring water. mix them together then slice leamons, & put in with a pound of sugar. Stir .. OED2 1747shuffle 1700 ( 1981 ) Edmond Halley Journal, Apr. 13, 1700, in The Three Voyages of Edmond Halley in the Paramore (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. vol. 156) p. 183 We had very little Winds this 24h and for the most part Calme, Shuffling all round the Compass. OED2 Sense 10b †1697sift 1612 ( 1989 ) W. S. A Funerall Elegye line 143, facsimile in Donald W. Foster Elegy by W. S. , a Study in Attribution

Some .. haue stroue to winIustice by wrong; and sifted to imbaneMy reputation, with a witlesse sinne. Foster glosses: “sifted to embane ] searched out how to poison” OED2 presumably cf. sense 3c, but lacks construction sift to [verb]significatrix n2 1694 ( 1988 ) Samuel Jeake July 22, 1675 in An Astrological Diary of the Seventeenth Century Samuel Jeake of Rye 1652-1699 p. 129 I observed a Significatrix in the 2nd house Venus directed to the very same Promittor, to signify a Gift in Gold.Diary written from memoranda in 1694Significatrix apparently used of feminine planets. OED2 †1653silk grass 1588 Thomas Hariot A briefe and true report of the new found land of Virginia p. B1 Silke of grasse or grasse silke. There is a kind of grasse in the countrey uppon the blades whereof there groweth very good silke in forme of a thin glittering skin to bee stript of. OED2 1620simile v 1635 Capt. Luke Foxe North-west Fox or Fox from the North-west Passage(Facsimile ed. 1965) p. 200

The land .. lay like a Ridge, or to Simily it, much like the Retyres, in the mouth of the River of Saine in Normandie. OED2 1727simple 1615 ( 1934 ) in Peter Floris, his Voyage to the East Indies in the Globe 1611-1615 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXIV) (reprint 1967) p. 87 I receyved a letter from Thomas Brette with simple newes, fyrste, that they were come to a dead markett; secondly, that John Persons is growen franticque. Editor (W. H. Moreland) suggests the obsolete sense 8. OED2 sense 8 †c1477singe 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, May 8, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 131 Hear lost we agayn our tynker and a carpenter and I know not whom els, so that I muse why the masters that wyth such

feloes have so oft byn synged wil suffer any to go ashore. OED2 lacks fig. sense; cf. burn sense 14f 1655sink 1723 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Aug. 20, 1723 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 3 From this Hill we Sunk a little to a Country House. OED2 lacks sense of simply descendskid 1777 ( 1980 ) South Carolina Navy Board Letter, Apr. 11, 1777, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.8 p.324 You’l Receive Two Eighteen pounders (Carriage Guns to be Mounted on board the Galley you are Building for this State, .. We think they may be fitted on Skids in such manner as to point at least two points on Either Bow. OED2 sense 2c (?) 1782skippish 1778 ( 1986 ) Abner Sanger Journal, Dec. 20, 1778, in Very Poor and of a Lo Make, The Journal of Abner Sanger p. 222

A little girl is there, comes out by the little bars and looks skippish and airy.OED2 1576 only

skit n2 1737 Benjamin Franklin Poor Richard, 1738 an Almanack unpaged, verso of title (facs. in The Complete Poor Richard Almanacks, 1970, p. 122) I open’d it [the almanack], to see if he had not been flinging some of his old Skitts at me. OED2 sense 2 dict. 1727, usage 1779skulk 1775 ( 1966 ) Capt. Bernard Romans Letter, Nov. 16, 1775 in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.2 p. 1047 The helping of the oxen is the finest skulking berth our laborers can find. OED2 sense 2c 1781skulker 1783 ( 1969 ) William Williams Mr. Penrose The Journal of Penrose, Seaman p. 270 He acted the downright Skulker on board of a Man of War, alway at hand when anything was to bee shared.

OED2 sense 1b 1785 (dict.); 1826 (use)skull-cap 1638 ( 1919 ) Peter Mundy The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XXIX (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 3 p. 385 Some allsoe, both Men and weomen, weare little scullcappes woven like Mattes, others off Cotton, and one I saw with such an Anticke beard postizo. (On Madagascar) OED2 1682slack (or slack-water) 1609 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain

Journal, Sep. 5, 1609, in The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 124 There was newes that a Portugall frigatt [was] comeing within the barre, which made us to make hast to rowe up as farr as wee could, beinge nowe a slacke water. OED2 slack sense 5c 1670; slack-water 1769slapping c 1776 ( 1968 ) The Yankeys Return from Camp [Yankee Doodle ] broadside, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.4 p. 26 He got him on his meeting clothes, Upon a slapping stallion. OED2 sense 2a 1828slash 1776 ( 1972 ) Continental Marine Committee

Minutes , Sep. 5, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6

p. 715 Resolved That the Uniform of the Officers in the Navy of the United States be as follows.Captains Blue Cloth with Red Lappels, Slash Cuff, Stand up Collor.

OED2 sense 3b 1799 slatch 1613 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain Journal, May 19, 1613, in The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 280 Haveinge a slatch of a faire winde wee went to our first roade. OED2 sense 2b a1625slatch 1783 ( 1969 ) William Williams Mr. Penrose The Journal of Penrose, Seaman p. 171 Now, thinks I, this is a fair Slatch for me to begin, beter late than never. OED2 †1769 (and lacks fig. use)slaunt (slant) (n2 ) 1777 ( 1986 ) Capt. JoshuaRowley, R. N. Letter, June 16, 1777, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol. 9 p. 403 The Wind being Contrary to my return, I haul’d away to the Westward in hopes of a favourable Slaunt. OED2 1823 and lacks this formslaved 1735 John Atkins A Voyage to Guinea, Brazil, & the West Indies in his Majesty’s Ships, the Swallow and Weymouth (facsimile reprint 1970) p. 175 When we are slaved and out at Sea, it is commonly imagined, the Negroes Ignorance of Navigation, will always be a Safeguard.

OED2 sense 2 1796 onlyslaving 1735 John Atkins A Voyage to Guinea, Brazil, & the West Indies in his Majesty’s Ships, the Swallow and Weymouth (facsimile reprint 1970) p. 107 At Anamaboo our private Ships finish their Slaving, few or none being got downward, till you reach Whydah. OED2 1862 sling (n5) 1777 ( 1976 ) Lieut. John Trevett Journal , inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7 p. 959 We had but one gang cask of water on board, we had plenty of good rum and sugar, knowing that sailors liked a sling or canhook, such bitter cold weather.They says, “make a sling, well to the northward,” I immediately told my shipmate Tom .. to get the water, whilst I would get the rum and sugar ready. Date of journal not cited, but usage reflects 1777 date of event.“Northward” and “canhook” are mysterious, but suggest sling started as sailors’ slang.

OED2 1792sloughy (a1 ) 1705 ( 1972 ) Sarah Kemble Knight

Journal p. 38 Had a pretty difficult passage .. by reason of the sloughy ways then thawed by the Sunn. OED2 1724smack n3 1640 ( 1925 ) Peter Mundy Journal, Sep. 26, 1640, inThe Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XXXIII (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LV) Vol. 4 p. 89

I tooke passage on a Smacke for Coningsberg. OED2 1684smart-ticket 1743 Capt. Christopher Middleton

A Vindication of the Conduct of Captain Christopher Middleton (facsimile reprint 1967) p. 22 It is known how many of these poor Creatures .. are solliciting for Smart Tickets, most of which will, I fear, be for ever unserviceable to their Country and to themselves. OED2 1801

smoke 1611 ( 1989 ) Sir Thomas Roe Letter inEnglish and Irish Settlement on the River Amazon 1550-1646 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd Ser., No. 171) p. 153 I am now .. arrived at Port d’espagne in the Island of Trinidad, where there are 15 sayle of ships freighting smoke, English French and Dutch.

OED2 sense 5 a(a) 1612smoke-sail 1787 ( 1976 ) anon. The Adventures of Jonathan Corncob Ch. 3 p. 18 Unfortunately our mizzen-top-gallent stay-sail bow-line, and smoke-sail halyards were shot away. OED2 1805smooth n 1609 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain Journal, Sep. 4, 1609, in The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 122 Betwixt the breach wee perceyved a smooth, towards the which we steered. OED2 sense 1c 1840Smyrna 1640 ( 1944 ) Bill, May 28, 1640, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 4 p. 242 42 li. of smirna raysons at 30s per C 00 11 03 OED2 1735Smyrna 1776 ( 1976 ) Massachusetts Board of War

Minutes, Dec. 2, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7 p. 346 Articles of the Julius Caesar ’s Cargo .. 77 Casks Smerneys (Another cargo list has 77 casks of raisins) OED2 sense b 1845snap 1840 ( 1968 ) William Johnson Diary, Feb. 7, 1840 in William Johnson’s Natchez Vol I p. 277 I told Her that I came to get my Hog that she had and she then told me that Mr Soria Bot the Hogs, and that the Hog was hers. .. — Oh what a palpaple snap.

OED2 sense 12e 1844 snow shoeing 1809 Capt. Lemuel

Roberts Memoirs (facsimile reprint 1969) p. 66 It was very heavy snow shoeing. snow-shoe (v ) OED2 1880; snow-shoeing (vbl. n. ) OED2 1890, DAE 1882so and so 1615 ( 1934 ) in Peter Floris, his Voyage to the East Indies in the Globe 1611-1615 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXIV) (reprint 1967) p. 39 Deceased Mr Thomas Smith, masters mate, an excellent astronomer and seaman, whereby wee had a great losse, for the reste, God Hee knoweth, are but so and so. OED2 sense B1 1655-6solak 1594 ( 1931 ) John Sanderson in The Travels of John Sanderson (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXVII) p. 82 In Constantinople ar resident:..Solacks, his footemen 300 OED2 1678 soldier money 1746 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman

The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Dec. 17, 1746 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 146 My Sallery Should be that Money which pass’d before the Soldier Money (in 1744) was made. (Massachusetts. 1744 was King George’s War) Not soldier money of OED2some 1603 ( 1929 ) * The Batchelars Banquet Ch. I p. 7 (orig. p. A3v) We had no great store of household stuffe, but were fain to

buy it afterward by some and some, as God sent money *Anon. Ed. doubts attrib. to Dekker (as OED2), suggests Robert Tofte. OED2 †1602somewhat 1632 T. T. The Whetstone of Reproof (facsimile ed. as English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 361 1977) preface p. a3 verso I did soma’t doubt whether the knight could be so versed in our Roman divines as .. the penner appeeres to be.

Our aduersarie yet somat more corruptedlie then before traduceth. (p. 139)

OED2 b -form (summat etc.) >18c dial. onlysordity 1632 A. H. [Henry Hawkins]

Partheneia Sacra (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 81 1971) p. 182 How then, O mysterious Hen, louest thou dust so wel, hating al fowlnes and sordities so much? OED2 lacks sortable 1686 ( 1963 ) William Fitzhugh Letter to John Cooper, Apr 22, 1686 in William Fitzhugh and his Chesapeake World p. 196

I sold 13 .. 6 P Cent in goods sortable. (“..” in text, not my ellipsis) OED2 sense 3 1727sounding 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 279 Wher our admyral ship was in the Commision called the Beare Galleon they thowght it wold be a name more sownding and significative to cawl her the Galleon Leicester. OED2 sense 2a 1683south (v ) 1700 ( 1981 ) Edmond Halley Journal, Jan. 19, 1700, in The Three Voyages of Edmond Halley in the Paramore (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. vol. 156) p. 155 The wind Southing upon us we could make no better of it than a Correct Course S 40 E. 69 Miles. OED2 Sense 2 1725souther 1606 ( 1943 ) The Last East-Indian Voyage in The Voyage of Sir Henry Middleton to the Moluccas (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXVIII) p.6 It began to be gustie weather and the wind to souther upon us.

OED2 1628-9span 1585 ( 1981 ) Journal of the Leicester, Oct. 18, 1585, in Sir Francis Drake’s West Indian Voyage 1585-86 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 148) p. 122 We had two great gustes and showers of raine in so much yt we tooke in our topsaile & sprittsaile and spanned hence before the sea. Is this v1 in some sense cf. 7 or 8, or v2 meaning something like“run with rigging spanned” in sense 4 (1781), or is it spoon ?spanfull 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) He hath a grete foule nose his eyes very spanfull and his face verie cruell. (p. 140)

A grete idoll of the figure of the devill made very spanfulle. (p. 142) Editor (E. G. R. Taylor) footnotes “terrible.”

OED2 lacksspangle 1608 ( 1969 ) Capt. John Smith A true relation .. in Jamestown Voyages under the First Charter (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. cxxxvi) p.171 The rockes being of a grauelly nature, interlaced with many vains of glistring spangles. OED2 sense 3 1611spark 1637 ( 1883 ) Thomas Morton New English Canaan p. 160 They lay their store in greate baskets (which they make of Sparke).

Footnote: “Spart,” Mr. [J. Hammond] Trumbull writes “was a northern English name for the dwarf-rush, and (as ‘spart’ in the glossaries) for osiers, and I guess, Morton’s and Josselyns’s sparke is another form of that name.” OED2 lackssparrow-bill 1627 ( 1929 ) Henry Winthrop Letter, Oct. 15, 1627, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 1 p 362 If you here of a ship that toucheyes here than that you woold send me ouer .. 5 thousand of sparow billes. OED2 1629; sparable a 1627sparse 1786 ( 1991 ) George Washington in David Humphreys’ “Life of General Washington , with GW’s “Remarks “ p.18 The folly & consequence of opposing compact bodies to the sparse manner of Indian fighting in the woods. OED2 sense closest to 2b 1828-32 or 3 1801sparse 1818 ( 1990 ) Thomas Jefferson

Report of Commisioners for Univ.Virginia reprinted in Public and Private Papers by TJ Library of America p. 138 A sparse population would not, within such a compass, furnish subjects sufficient to maintain a school. OED2 sense 2b(a) 1828-32 Webster, 1841 quot.spat 1775 ( 1986 ) Abner Sanger Journal, May 25, 1775, in Very Poor and of a Lo Make, The Journal of Abner Sanger p. 45

Afternoon El and Farnum has a spat or wrangle with Ezra Davis and Stanwood. New Hampshire OED2, DA 1804 spatter 1632 A. H. [Henry Hawkins]

Partheneia Sacra (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 81 1971) p. 144 Let them wind the Cornet, .. runne diuisions on the Harpsicon or Virginals: Let them pay the Violin as much as they wil, spatter the Lute, touch the Orpharion. Was there some list of elegant terms for playing different instruments, like those for groups of animals or carving of meats? OED2 lacks this (rather far-fetched) sense speckle-wood 1618 ( 1989 ) Customs book, Dartmouth, inEnglish and Irish Settlement on the River Amazon 1550-1646 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd Ser., No. 171) p. 188 Centu octaginta quinq endes Speckled wood xxxl os od. OED2 1619speckstone 1776 John Seiferth Metallurgic Chymistry [translated from the German of C. E. Gellert by John Seiferth] p. 9 Speck-stone (bacon stone) which is somewhat transparent, hard, and variously coloured. OED2 1794

speculatist 1778 ( 1967 ) Edmund PendletonLetters and Papers Let. to W. Woodford June 27,1778

(Va. Hist. Soc.) Vol. I p.260 No Speculatist could be called incredulous, for supposing it next to Impossible that we should so soon have brought our [financial] affairs to their present promising Condition. OED 2 sense 2 1812spell 1632 A. H. [Henry Hawkins] Partheneia Sacra (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 81 1971) p. 262

Hercules had thought, he had set a spel to the world, when he set vp his Pillar so, in the then vtmost Spanish Gades. OED2 lacks sense of “limit” for any spell.spelt n2 1612 ( 1953 ) William Strachey The Historie of Travell into Virginia Britania(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd Ser., No. CIII) p. 79 By their howses, they haue sometymes A Scaene or high Stage raised like a Scaffold, of small Spelts, Reedes, or dryed Osiers covered with Matts. OED2 †1585spence 1612 ( 1953 ) William Strachey The Historie of Travell into Virginia Britania(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd Ser., No. CIII) p. 88 Their building having Commonly the dore opening into the east, andat the west end a Spence or Chauncell separated from the body of the Temple with hollow wyndinges and pillers. Sense is of an inner chamber, no food storage involved. OED2 cf. sense 2 (Sc. ) 1783spicula 1748 Henry Ellis A Voyage to Hudsons Bay by the Dobbs Galley and California (facsimile ed. 1967) p. 171 In the Winter, the air is full of an infinite Number of icy Spicula. OED2 sense 1b 1783spider catcher 1775 ( 1966 ) Elbridge Gerry Letter, Dec. 4, 1775 in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.2 p. 1262 The late Act & Resolve for fitting out armed Vessels .. already animated the Inhabitants of the Seaports who were unable to command much property, to write in Companies of twenty or thirty Men & go out in Boats of 8 & 10 Tons Burthen which they call “Spider Catchers.” (Massachusetts) OED2 sense 1 “ a vague term of abuse” last quot. 1711spill n2 1687 ( 1940 ) Charles Morton Compendium Physicae in Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XXXIII p. 53(from 1697 transcription of 1687 ms., probably first compiled c1680) The other end [of a log-line] with all the length is round a rundle that runs round a spill. OED2 sense 3 1730spire 1738 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman May 25, 1738 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 47 Mr. Livermore put down the New Box .. into the Pump, on the long Spire that it might work in the lower part of the Pump. OED2 spear n3 1729 has etym. given as var. of spire n3 (why not n2?), but spire itself unattested in this sense.spirketting 1690 ( 1906 ) Samuel Pepys Memoires Relating to the State of the Royal Navy of England

(reprinted 1971) p. 10 Decays contracted in their Buttocks, Quarters, Bows, Thick-stuff without Board., and Spir-kettings upon their Gun-decks within. OED2 1769spissy 1821 ( 1981 ) Owen ChaseNarrative of the Most Extraordinary and Distressing Shipwreck of the Whale-ship Essex in T. F. Heffernan Stove by a Whale p. 42 The night was spissy darkness itself; the sky was completely overcast. OED2 †1683spit 1615 ( 1971 ) Capt. WilliamKeeling Journal, Sep. 13, 1615, in The East India Company Journals of Capt. William Keeling and Master Thomas Bonner, 1615-1617 p. 105 All heerabout is oaze, except the very spitts of sand.

The sholdest water lyes at a spitt from the s[ai]d so[uth] p[oi]nte of the wester sand. .. Shun another spitt or shoald lying off the maine of Swalle. (Jan. 10, 1616 p. 122)

OED2 sense 6 1673splitter (spilter) 1610 ( 1982 ) John Guy Letter, in Newfoundland Discovered (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 160) p. 63 For fishinge I thinke fitt that a ship of an hundred and fiftie tunns were sent hether, with only thirtie fishermen and four Spilters, there are here already eight that are fishermen, and one spilter. Journal, John Guy, 1612 (p. 74): The savages .. presented vnto him .. a spilting knife. Nicholas Guy, c1628: The spilter and the header (p. 248) OED2 sense 1b 1623 Metathesis not in OED2splot 1582 ( 1959 ) Richard Madox Diary, Aug. 18, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 167 His bad cote was noe more patcht than wer his bare leggs splotted. OED2 lacks; splotty 1382, splotch 1601spotted fever 1638 ( 1944 ) Thomas Dudley

Letter, Dec. 11, 1638, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 4 p. 86 There was one heere to day of waymouth .. whoe reported that there are 60 persones sicke there of the spotted feaver. OED2 sense 3a 1650spout v 1599 ( 1893 ) Thomas Dallam Journal inEarlyVoyages and Travels in the Levant (Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXXXVI) p. 11 We saw 2 or 3 greate monstrus fishis or whales, the which did spoute water up into the eayere, lyke as smoke dothe assend out of a chimnay. OED2 sense 1b 1796, but see slip Fletcher 1628spouting vbl. n. 1628 Francis Fletcher The World Encompassed by Sir Francis Drake (facsimile reprint 1966) p. 34 High and steepe grey cliffes, fulle of blacke starres, against which the sea beating, sheweth as it were the spoutings of Whales.

OED2 spout sense1b 1796,but see slip Dallam 1599 ; vbl. n. (of whales 1796)spray c 1648 ( 1898 ) William Bradford Of Plimoth Plantation ch. 10, p. 101 (ms. p. 50) The weather was very could, & it frose so hard as ye sprea of ye sea lighting on their coats, they were as if they had been glased.

In Nathaniel Morton’s New Englands Memoriall rewrite (1669), this was printed spra.

OED2 spry 1621; spray 1726spreckled 1611 Henry Fitz Simon The Justification and Exposition of the Divine Sacrifice of the Masse (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 108 1972) p. 15 The Altar is spreckled with pretiouse stones.

OED2 no quot. 1535< >1786springer n3 1687 ( 1940 ) Charles Morton

Compendium Physicae in Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XXXIII p. 58 (from 1697 transcription of 1687 ms., probably first compiled c1680) This is the motion out through an hole .. in the End of a pipe turn’d upwards .. whereby are made those springers in artificial fountains. OED2 1601 only (why not only a sense of n1?)spuddle 1674 ( 1988 ) John Josselyn Two Voyages to New England p. 116(1988 ed. as John Josselyn, Colonial Traveler p. 83)They go out in a field or garden with a Birchen-dish, and spudling the earth about the roots, for they lye not deep, they gather their dish full [of grubs]. OED2 sense 2 1805spur rial 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, Jan. 4, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 72My brother gave me an ymperial rial and my sister a spur riol. OED2 1588squadron 1618 William Cape The Chronicle and Institution of the Order of .. S. Francis(transl. of original of Marcos Da Silva) (facsimile ed. as English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 357 1977) p. 182 He saw on a tree a great nomber of birdes of diuers kindes, and hard by them an other squadron. OED2 sense 6 (of nonmilitary persons) 1617, ( of things) 1668; never of birds or beasts. squalidness 1628 Francis Fletcher The World Encompassed by Sir Francis Drake (facsimile reprint 1966) p. 66 Hence comes the generall squalidness and barrennesse of the countrie. OED2 1727squalln2 1755 ( 1935 ) Charlotte Brown Journal, Jan. 12, 1755, in Colonial Captivities, Marches and Journeys p. 170 A great Squall on Deck between Mr. Cherrington and Capt. Browne, it began about the loss of some water gruel. OED2 sense 2 1813square 1612 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain Journal, May 6, 1612, in The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 213 They were from this time forward soe crosse thone to the other as yf they had bene enymies, yet still they conferd together, but alwaies att square. OED2 sense 19 †1602squid 1578 ( 1589 ) Anthony Parkhurst Letter in Hakluyt’s Principall Navigations (facsimile ed 1965) p. 675 There are .. also a fish like a Smelt which commeth on shore, and another that hath the like propertie, called a Squid.

For the Squid, whose nature is to come by night as well as by day, I tell them I set a candle to see his way. In Newfoundland OED2 1613stack 1637 ( 1943 ) Brampton Gurdon Letter, Apr. 11, 1634, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 3 p. 386 The parson hearring him he and his man cam feuryously[,] the on[e] with a pichforcke and the man with a hege stack.

After coum the man and gaue him a blou with the stacke but not so mortal. ? OED2 apparently lacksstack 1776 ( 1972 ) Gov. Jonathan Trumbull Letter, Oct. 15, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 1272 It will by no means answer to build another Stack at that place as the Water will now but just Answer. (Iron furnace, Connecticut) OED2 sense 5b 1825stand up 1776 ( 1972 ) Continental Marine Committee

Minutes , Sep. 5, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 715 Resolved That the Uniform of the Officers in the Navy of the United States be as follows.Captains Blue Cloth with Red Lappels, Slash Cuff, Stand up Collor. OED2 1812stand-off 1838 ( 1968 ) William Johnson Diary, May 29, 1838 in William Johnson’s Natchez Vol I p. 231 Mr Dumax and Mr Maxent had a fight Last night, One of the hardest Kind, and they made a stand off for Neither of them got whiped. OED2 sense 3 1843star fort 1777 ( 1780 ) Lieut. Gen. J. Burgoyne

A State of the expedition from Canada appendix p. xxvii Upon the summit, which is Table Land, was a star fort, made of pickets, and well supplied with artillery, and a large square of barracks within it.

OED2 1704 dict. 1783 quot.star shot 1776 ( 1972 ) Gov. Jonathan Trumbull

Letter, Oct. 11, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 1219 We have the Round, but double headed, Chain Sliding and Starr Shot we have none. OED2 sense 2 †1769 glossary onlysteadable 1670- 1671 ( 1683 ) Sir James TurnerPallas Armata (facsimile ed. 1968) Bk. III Ch. xvii p. 271 In none of these three [cases] can the Reserve be steedable if there be not ground for it to advance, to draw up, and to fight.

In ancient times a General of an Army chose to stand where he pleas’d, and where he though his presence could be most steadable. (Bk. III Ch. xxii p. 305) JT was Scottish, and allowed occasional Scoticisms into his book. OED2 †1656steerage 1773 ( 1993 ) William Mylne Letter, Aug. 29, 1773, in Travels in the Colonies in

1773-1775 p. 14 I told him I wanted to go as a steerage passenger, and to know the terms and accomodation I could have. OED2 sense 5 1804, steerage passenger 1822stell n6 1687 ( 1940 ) Charles Morton Compendium Physicae in Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XXXIII p. 158 (from 1697 transcription of 1687 ms., probably first compiled c1680) Every little bubble (a multitude of which makes froth) gives its Vivid reflection (or stell) from one point as all Globular Polites doe; these Stells being set togather appear to the Eye as one plain light. OED2 apparently n6 (1657 only); if so def. “? an outline” should be “a point of light”stem v3 1582 ( 1959 ) Edward Fenton Sea Journal in The Troublesome Voyage of Captain Edward Fenton (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXIII) p. 86We waighed driving with thebb and cam thwarte Portland at vj in the morninge and for want of winde ancored there to stempe the floode. OED2 sense 1 1593stevedore 1776 ( 1976 ) John Langdon Invoice, Dec. 12, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7 p. 455 Paid Stevadore & Labourers Loading &c 54 . 10 . . 3 New Hampshire. Singular suggests s. was the overseer of loading OED2 1788stick v c 1648 ( 1898 ) William Bradford Of Plimoth Plantation p. 282 (ms. p. 158) That which turned most to their profite, in time, was an entrance into the trade of Wampampeake; .. though at first it stuck, & it was 2. years before they could put of this small quantity. OED2 under sense 13b . “Of a commodity etc.: Not to ‘go off’, to remain unsold,” but no quot.stickweed 1708 ( 1977 ) William Byrd IILetter to Hans Sloane, JSep. 10, 1708 inThe Correspondence of the Three William Byrds of Westover, Virginia p. 266 You will find a paper of stickweed root (very common here) the green leaves of which never fail to stop bleeding either at the nose or else where, provided they be frequently apply’d to the part afffected. OED2 1800 (same plant?) stiffen 1616 ( 1971 ) Capt. WilliamKeeling

Journal, Mar. 14, 1616, in The East India Company Journals of Capt. William Keeling and Master Thomas Bonner, 1615-1617 p. 132 I was all daye aboord the last prize, getting out some baggs rice etc to stiffen the Dragon. OED2 1706stingray 1612 ( 1969 ) Proc. Virginia.. p. 34 in Jamestown Voyages under the First Charter (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. cxxxvi) p. 404 A Stingray very hurtfull. OED2 1624stint 1688 ( 1989 ) Francis Howard Letter to W. Blathwayt, 23 May 1688 in Papers of Francis Howard, Baron Howard of Effingham p. 384 The drought hath already stinted, and burnt up most of the plants. OED2 sense 10 1735stock 1731 ( 1914 ) Rowland Frye Letter, July 30, 1731, in Commerce of Rhode Island 1726-1800 Vol. 1, p. 24 There are 1 M of Bricks more than you order’d, but as you did not mention what sort they were to be, I first shipped Grey Stocks. OED2 stock sense 15b 1738; grey stock 1793

stock v 1759 ( 1973 ) James Wilson Journal, July 23, 1759, in The Journals of Ashley Bowen (1728-1813) of Marblehead (Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XLIV) p. 86

The carpenters employed stocking the best bower anchor. Normalized spellingOED2 sense 2c 1769 (but implied in unstock 1726)

stockado 1590 ( 1972 ) Sir Roger Williams A Brief Discourse of Warre (p D2v) in The Works of Sir Roger Williams p. 21 If there be any riuer or passage by water, they will bee sure to stop it with Forts, Artillerie, Stockathos, Pallisathos. “They” are the Spaniards, whose terms RW apprently reproduced by ear. OED2 1609stocking 1781 ( 1986 ) Abner Sanger Journal, July 12, 1781, in Very Poor and of a Lo Make, The Journal of Abner Sanger p. 367

I to Widow Metcalf’s with my white-stocking roan. New Hampshire OED2 sense 4 1821stodge 1675 ( 1893 ) Dr. John Covel Journal inEarly Voyages and Travels in the Levant (Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXXXVI) p. 247 A company of old gossips .. bring water from the river and mix it and the clay together into a perfect pudding or stodge.

OED2 1825stomach 1838 ( 1953 ) Abraham Lincoln Letter to Mrs. O. H. Browning, Apr. 1, 1838, in Collected works of Abraham Lincoln Vol. I p. 117 This stomached me a little; for it appeared to me, that her coming so readily showed that she was a trifle too willing. OED2 sense 2 †1675stool v 1630 ( 1931 ) John Winthrop Misc note in Journal, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 2 . p. 279 for making Saltpeter, ..Let it stande in a Coole roome, where, in 2: or 3: dayes, it will stoole out like Icekles.

(sense suggested by editors) OED2 cf. sense 3 1789stool-crab c 1650 ( 1936 ) Peter Mundy inThe Travels of Peter Mundy , in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXVIII) (reprint 1967) Vol.V p. 7 Longoisters, like lobsters butt bigger; stoolecrabbes; oysters. In list of shellfish of Cornwall OED2 1880stopper 1582 ( 1959 ) Richard Madox Diary, Sep. 4, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 179 The Edward by neglegyns let fawl a fayr anchor and cable with a sunken boy, which being not turned on the bytts brok the stopper and ran owt end for end. OED2 1626story 1599 ( 1893 ) Thomas Dallam Journal inEarlyVoyages and Travels in the Levant (Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXXXVI) p. 20 We sawe upon a storie of the hill above us a man goinge with a greate staffe on his shoulder. OED2 lacks sense of a natural level on a hill; cf. sense 1b 1625straggle 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, May 17, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582

(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 134 The wynd straglyng abowt the east, we set sayl. OED2 sense 1d 1588straightsman 1669 ( 1893 ) Dr. John Covel

Journal inEarly Voyages and Travels in the Levant (Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXXXVI) p. 102 Our convoy were, Capt. Robinson, in the Greenwich, .. Capt. Wild, in the Assurance, .. withVirginia men, and some coasters and streightsmen. OED2 1799strain ( v 2 ) 1748 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Feb. 22, 1748 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 173 They should quarrell with me not for suing and straining upon them in the Law. This is apparently strain =distrain (v2), probably used vaguely in alliterative phrase. OED2 †1712straining 1602 ( 1929 ) Adam Winthrop Diary, Dec. 17, 1602, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 1 p 78 I ridde to the Sessions at Bury to give evidence against certein clothiers for strayning. OED2 strain v. sense 10e † c1560; lacks vbl. n. strand v2 1742 ( 1994 ) Capt. Christopher Middleton

Journal, May 8, 1742, in Voyages to Hudson Bay in Search of a Northwest Passage 1741-1747 Vol. I(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. Vol. 177) p. 165 Began to heave upon all our Purchasing Tackles; stranded the Discovery’s Cable in three Places. OED2 sense 1 a1780strange v 1635 Capt. Luke Foxe North-west Fox or Fox from the North-west Passage(Facsimile ed. 1965) p. 197

Here .. the Compasse doth almost loose his sensitive part not regarding his magneticall Azimuth, .. but I should strange that the cold should benum it, as it doth us.

OED2 sense 7 1639strappado 1607 ( 1955 ) Dobsons Drie Bobbes Ch. 13 p. 84 This pregnant deuiser, who well merited the whip, and was commanded to prepare his breech for the strappado. OED2 sense 2 1668stretch 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 289 Other harboroe than this they knew not til wee shold come to the yle of Java, which was a long streche. (from the Plate River, South America) OED2 cf. sense 6e 1661stretcher 1585 ( 1955 ) Examination of John Pavie, inThe Roanoke Voyages 1584-1590 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CIV) Vol. 1 p. 140 Tucker tooke uppe a stretcher and flonge yt at the said Hamedes, and therewith strake the said John Stile on the head with such violence that he fell downe on his face in the boate. Tucker was a Thames waterman, so stretcher sense 7 seems the likely weapon. OED2 sense 7 1609string 1704 ( 1927 ) Shipwright’s contract in The Papers of Thomas Bowrey Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LVIII (reprint 1967) p. 132To have One strake of two in[c]h plank for spirketting with a string in the

wast of two Inck plank, and to shut in the spirketting and string with inch and half deal.OED2 sense 27 1711

string bean 1746 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman July 21, 1746 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 139 Mr. Ebenezer Chamblins Wife here with a present of String Beans. OED2 1759stroke 1629 ( 1931 ) Thomas Motte Letter, ca. June. 13, 1629, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 2 . p. 97 I would very gladly talke with Mr. White .. for I haue many doubts and quaestions in the which I desier to be resolued and because he hath a greate strooke in the plantation I suppose noe man so fitt to resolue me as he is. OED2 sense 11b 1712stun (n ) 1698 ( 1915 ) anon Loyalty Vindicated from the Reflections of a Virulent Pamphlet in Narratives of the Insurrections 1675-1690 p. 375It required some time to recover the damp and stunn given to honest minds. OED2 1727subside 1775 ( 1964 ) Jour., Provincial Congress of Massachusetts, June 20, 1775, in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol. 1 p.724The Report of the Committee on the expediency of establishing armed Vessels, was considered. .. After debate, the matter was ordered to subside for the present. OED2 lacks parliamentary usage, but cf. sense 4bsubstantive c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. A How knowe ye a nowne substantyf? For he may stande by hymself without helpe of a nother worde. OED2 sense 2 1509, but see 1414 quot. under adjective.success 1755 John Smith The Printer’s Grammar (facsimile ed. 1965) p. 85 In success of time, a Comma was added to the infant Punctuation. OED2 sense 4a †1690sucker 1748 Henry Ellis A Voyage to Hudsons Bay by the Galley and California (facsimile ed. 1967) p. 186 At the Mouths of the Rivers .. is a tolerable good Fish resembling a Carp, called a Sucker.

OED2 1772 suds 1809 Capt. LemuelRoberts Memoirs (facsimile reprint 1969) p. 83 The froth stood on both sides of my mouth, like a suds. (author uses some New England provincialisms -- could be one) OED2 lacks “suds “ construed as a singularsuff 1699 ( 1981 ) Edmond Halley Journal, Jan.1, 1698, in The Three Voyages of Edmond Halley in the Paramore (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. vol. 156) p. 95 I could not go on Shore here by reason of the great Suff of the Sea. OED2 †1687sugar v 1776 ( 1986 ) Abner Sanger Journal, Apr. 3, 1776, in Very Poor and of a Lo Make, The Journal of Abner Sanger p. 93

Daniel Kingsbury sugars off.

New Hampshire OED2, DA sense 3 1836 suit v 1781 -1813 ( 1973 ) Ashley Bowen

Autobiography in The Journals of Ashley Bowen (1728-1813) of Marblehead (Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XLIV) p. 8

My father went a-suiting to Mistress Hannah Harris, a fine rich widow.Normalized spelling OED2 sense 5 †1749

sultry 1582 ( 1959 ) Richard Madox Diary, Oct. 9, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 206 Yt was very sultry hote because ther was no wynd stirryng. OED2 1594sumatra 1638 ( 1919 ) Peter Mundy Journal , Jan. 11, 1638, inThe Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XXVII (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 3 p. 320 What Sumatraes are...Had much Raine, gusts and thicke weather, which our Portugalls said is usuall in these parts att this tyme of the yeare. And because such weather is incidentt to the Ile of Sumatra, therefore such gusts, etts. are here awaies by the Portugalls named Sumatraes. OED2 sense 1b 1842, Hobson-Jobson 1711superstructory a 1643 Thomas Goodwin et al.

An Apologeticall Narration p. 10 Facsimile in 1935 (reprinted 1965) Tracts on Liberty in the Puritan Revolution Vol. II p. 328 We found principles enough, not only fundamentall and essential to the being of a Church, but superstructory also for the wel-being of it. OED2 1650supplicating 1612 ( 1989 ) W. S. A Funerall Elegye line 545, facsimile in Donald W. Foster Elegy by W. S. , a Study in Attribution

Vndoubtedly thou shouldst haue partage now,Of life with mee, and heauen bee counted iust: If to a supplicating soule, it wouldGiue life a new. OED2 1649 surf 1633 ( 1894 ) Capt. Thomas JamesThe Strange and Dangerous Voyage in The Voyages of Captain Luke Foxe and Captain Thomas James (Hakluyt Soc. 1st ser. No. LXXXIX) p. 502 This Iland .. was nothing but ledges of rocks and bankes of sand,and there went a very great surfe on them. OED2 1685surge n 1613 ( 1900 ) John Saris Journal, Mar. 25, 1613, inThe Voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan, 1613 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.V) (reprint 1967) p. 40 My pinnas ran aboard of them with such a surge as the water came through hir sides. OED2 cf. sense 3 1748surmullet c 1650 ( 1936 ) Peter Mundy inThe Travels of Peter Mundy , in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXVIII) (reprint 1967) Vol.V p. 6 Gurnards, grey and red, turbut, great soles and plaice; wrathes, smelts, mackrel and murghee .. thornebacke; ray, surmilletts and other.

In list of fishes of Cornwall OED2 a1672

swab 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, July 8, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 150 This day ther dyed with us Zachary the swabbe. OED2 sense 2 1687 (swabber 1592)swabble 1622 ( 1848 ) The Observations of Sir Richard Hawkins Knight, in his Voyage into the South Sea in The Hawkins’ Voyages (2nd ed. date? Hakluyt Soc. Ser. 1, No. LVII, reprint date?) §xvii p. 146There was three or foure inches of water upon the decke, which with scoops, swabbles, and platters, they threw upon the fire , and so quenched it. OED2 lacks; swab 1659swamp 1644 ( 1944 ) John Winthrop Letter,ca. Sep. 1644, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 4 p. 492 The Timber is oak and pine, with some elme and ashe in the swampes, which are not bogge as in Ireland but in the summer they are dry and fine lande. This clarifies, to me at least, numerous 17c New England references wherein swamps were sometimes wet underfoot and sometimes merely thick woods.swamp 1676 A New and Further Narrative of the State of New England (facsimile reprint in King Philip’s War Narratives 1966)verso of title page For the better Understanding some Indian Words, which are necessarily used in the Following Narrative, the Reader is Desired to take Notice, That a swamp signifies a Moorish Place overgrown with Woods and Bushes, but soft like a Quagmire or Irish Bogg, over which Horse cannot at all, nor English Foot (without great difficulty) passe. I presume the Indian assignment is erroneous, but this does show the unfamiliarity of the word to the London public.swamp

1613 ( 1934 ) Capt. Thomas Best Journal, July 3, 1613 , in The Voyage of Thomas Best to the East Indies, 1612-14 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXV) (reprint 1967) p. 62 In sight of Priaman .. it showinge with two greate hie hills, makeinge a faire swampe or saddle between them both. (I’ve seen but failed to record similar contemporary use for a valley, esp. on the island of St. Helena) Is this the current swamp OED2 1624, although lacking any sense of wetness? See slip Mason c1656swan-shot c 1648 ( 1898 ) William Bradford Of Plimoth Plantation p. 287 (ms. p. 160) They have also their moulds to make shotte, of all sorts, as muskett bulletts, pistoll bullets, swane & gose shote, & of smaler sorts. OED2 1719swarfy 1582 ( 1959 ) Richard Madox Diary, Aug. 7, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 161 The sowndyng was muddy sand, as a myxture of whyt, red & swarfye. OED2 1602swart 1613 ( 1900 ) John Saris Journal, Mar. 2, 1613, inThe Voyage of Captain John Saris to Japan, 1613 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.V) (reprint 1967) p. 25 Momerick, my swart, ran awaye againe. OED2 no quot. between c1425 and 1867 dict. def.

sweal 1648 ( 1947 ) Roger Williams Our Candle burnes out day and night we neede not hasten its end (by swaling) in vnnecessary miseries. OED2 sense 3 1653sweep 1582 ( 1959 ) John Walker Diary in The Troublesome Voyage of Captain Edward Fenton (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXIII) p. 204 The viceadmiral wente wth the longe boat to sweepe for or cable & ancor but myssed it. OED2 sense 17 1637swipe 1582 ( 1959 ) Edward Fenton Sea Journal in The Troublesome Voyage of Captain Edward Fenton (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXIII) p. 106 Swiped a freshe for the Edwardes Ancour & Cable but could not find it. OED2 sense 3 1881 (= sweep sense 17 1637)syce a 1634 ( 1907 ) Peter Mundy inThe Travels of Peter Mundy , in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVII) Vol. I p. 43 Twenty-one Janissaries for our safe Convoy, two sices or horsekeepers.

OED2 1653sympeisometer 1819 Capt. John Ross A Voyage of Discovery for the purpose of Exploring Baffins Bay p. xix, p. cxxx One sympeisometer, invented by Aidey, Edinburgh.

Sympeisometer This instrument acts as a marine barometer, and is certainly not inferior in its powers. OED2 lackssynodist 1611 Henry Fitz Simon The Justification and Exposition of the Divine Sacrifice of the Masse (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 108 1972) p. 255 The said Sinodists, ..revoked the saied Article. “The late Calvinian Synod at Gap” Is there some pejorative undertone? OED2 1626syringe 1648 Bp. John Wilkins Mathematicall magick; or, the wonders that can be performed by mechanicall geometry ( in 1802 Works Vol. II p. 174) The wind-gun, which is charged by the forcible compression of air, being injected through a syringe. (spelling may be modernized to 1802)

OED2 sense 1b 1659tabby 1757 ( 1972 ) Gov. Henry Ellis Letter, June 24, 1757, in The Papers of Henry BouquetVol. 1 p. 130That [fort] at Frederica was built of a Composition of Lime called Tabby.

Georgia OED2 sense 6 1802 tackle v 1615 ( 1971 ) Thomas Bonner Journal, June 4, 1615, in The East India Company Journals of Capt. William Keeling and Master Thomas Bonner, 1615-1617 p. 181 So tackle of[f] till daye withe an eazie sayle.

OED2 sense 1c 1632tackle 1777 ( 1986 ) Charter-party, June 28, 1777, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol. 9 p. 184 The said Schooner is tight Staunch and Strong and is and during the said Voyage shall be well and Sufficiently Tackled and Apparrelled for such a Vessel and Voyage. OED2 sense 1a †1686

tail v 1636 ( 1919 ) Peter Mundy The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XX (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 3 p. 17 Shee unhappilye tayled on a banck on Tilbury side. OED2 sense 11 1725tail soaken 1739 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman May 12, 1739 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 63 Youngest Calf being disorder’d and as we judg’d Tail soaken, we cut off the End of His Tail. OED2 tail soaked 1776taker-up (taker up) 1834 ( 1953 ) Bill in Illinois legislature on estrays, in Collected works of Abraham Lincoln Vol. I p. 27Where the valuation does not exceed Five Dollars, the property shall be vested in the taker-up, but when the valuation shall exceed Five Dollars, and no owner appears within the time aforesaid, the property shall also be vested in the taker up. OED2 has 8 senses of taker up, but not “one who takes an estray”.tang n2 1606 ( 1877 ) Capt. John Knight Journal, May 24, 1606, in The Voyages of Sir James Lancaster .. and the Voyage of Captain John Knight (Hakluyt Soc. Ser. 1, No. LVI) p. 284 This forenoone we sawe much sea tange and rock weed. OED2 dict. 1547, usage 1655tang n2 1612 ( 1953 ) William Strachey The Historie of Travell into Virginia BritaniaHakluyt Soc. (2nd. Ser., No. CIII) p. 71When they sing they haue a delightful and pleasant tang in their voyces. OED2 1669 Def. says esp. an unpleasant tone.tank 1609 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain Journal, Sep.7, 1609, in The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 129 Wee came neere the walls of Suratt, neere unto a faire tanke or sestron. OED2 c1616; Hobson-Jobson 1615tarnal c 1776 ( 1968 ) The Yankeys Return from Camp [Yankee Doodle ] broadside, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.4 p. 26 And there was Captain Washington,And gentlefolks about him,They say he’s grown so tarnal proud, He will not ride without ‘em. OED2 1790tarrience 1691 ( 1915 ) William Stoughton et al.

A Narrative of the Proceedings of Sir Edmond Androsse and his Complices in Narratives of the Insurrections 1675-1690 p. 247 Lengthening out his Tarrience in places so remote. OED2 lackstartane 1614 ( 1989 ) William Davies A True Relation of the Travailes and Most Miserable Captivitie of William Davies .. inEnglish and Irish Settlement on the River Amazon 1550-1646 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd Ser., No. 171) p. 141 The Duke fitted a ship, a Tartane and a Frigot, .. disposing of them into the West Indies. OED2 1621taster 1674 ( 1988 ) John Josselyn Two Voyages to New England p. 211

(1988 ed. as John Josselyn, Colonial Traveler p. 145) The Merchant to increase his gains .. comes in with a walking Tavern, .. coming ashore he gives them a Taster or two, which so charms them that for no perswasions that their imployers can use will they go out to Sea .. till they are wearied of drinking. OED2 sense 4 1826taxation 1776 ( 1976 ) Memorial, Nov. 18, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7 p. 198 The difference between his said Bill and the Taxation thereof made by the Board of Treasury is clearly appearing on the face of the Synopsis of both Accounts hereunto Subjoined.

OED2 sense 1 Obs., last (except hist.) 1622taxiarch 1670- 1671 ( 1683 ) Sir James TurnerPallas Armata (facsimile ed. 1968) Bk. I Ch. v p. 13 A Sergeant in an old French or German Company represents the Grecian Taxiarch. Note modern quots. promote taxiarch from sergeant to colonel. OED2 1808teamer 1775 ( 1968 ) William Bartlett Letter, Dec. 11, 1775 inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.3 p. 45 The Teamers think the Price Stipulated by Our General Court not sufficient. OED2 1778temper 1581 ( 1959 ) Michael Lok The doinges of Captaine Furbisher in The Troublesome Voyage of Captain Edward Fenton (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXIII) p. 3 Beinge in a furyous humor of Tempier, he openly revyled him with outrageous speaches. OED2 sense 9 1595 or 10 1628 (and lacks spelling)temporal 1612 ( 1969 ) Proc. Virginia.. p. 76 in Jamestown Voyages under the First Charter (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. cxxxvi) p. 438 Those temporall proceedings to some maie seeme too charitable. (refers to “temporizing with the Salvages” – temporizing sense 4) OED2 lacks this sense.tender-sided 1622 ( 1848 ) The Observations of Sir Richard Hawkins Knight, in his Voyage into the South Sea in The Hawkins’ Voyages (2nd ed. date? Hakluyt Soc. Ser. 1, No. LVII, reprint date?) §lxi p. 307 This race building, first came in by overmuch homing in of our shippes, .. in my judgement, it breedeth many inconveniences .. making them tender sided, and unable to carry sayle in any fresh gaile of winde. OED2 has entry but no quot.; tender sense 10e 1722tepidity 1618 William Cape The Chronicle and Institution of the Order of .. S. Francis(transl. of original of Marcos Da Silva) (facsimile ed. as English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 357 1977) p. 63 Feare that by our negligence and tepidity, we depriue ourselues of the veritie of his holy spiritt. OED2 1631testificant 1607 ( 1955 ) Dobsons Drie Bobbes Ch. 3 p. 26 He .. shall also adduce the same Testificants, that were witnesses against her in the Chancery. OED2 lacks; testifier 1611; testificator 1730

tête du pont 1779 ( 1780 ) Lieut. Gen. J. BurgoyneA State of the expedition from Canada

p. 71 A work called theTête du pont, which was raised for the protection of the bridge.

also tête-du-pont (hyphens, no ital.) p.76 OED2 1794therly 1666 ( 1992 ) Henry More Letter, Apr. 28, 1666, in The Conway Letters p. 273 He is, I believe in a strait condition. I promised I would write to your Ladiship in his behalf, that you might speak for him to my Lord. He look’t methought something therly on’t. Editor footnotes: “Therly (usually therle or thirle ), gaunt, lean, hungry-looking.” None of these are in OED2, and therly would seem to be an adverb modifying “look’t.” ??thick 1616 ( 1971 ) Thomas Bonner Journal, Apr. 19, 1616, in The East India Company Journals of Capt. William Keeling and Master Thomas Bonner, 1615-1617 p. 207 The winde west withe muche rayne and gustye wether and thicks. OED2 ? sense 7 1936thick 1635 Capt. Luke Foxe North-west Fox or Fox from the North-west Passage(Facsimile ed. 1965) p. 129

The thick was cleered, and he see land to beare on him East. Button’s voyage 1612 Check source) OED2 sense 7 1936thick-stuff 1690 ( 1906 ) Samuel Pepys Memoires Relating to the State of the Royal Navy of England (reprinted 1971) p. 10 Decays contracted in their Buttocks, Quarters, Bows, Thick-stuff without Board., and Spir-kettings upon their Gun-decks within. OED2 1748thieves’ cat 1787 ( 1976 ) anon. The Adventures of Jonathan Corncob Ch. 4 p. 24 An old sailor .. told me .. that when I had been flogged half a dozen times with the thief’s cat, I should think nothing of such a tickling.

OED2 1805thought n2 1590 ( 1959 ) JamesRobinson Inventory of the White Lion in English Privateering Voyages to the West Indies 1588-1595 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXI) p. 75 On[e] bots thought. OED2 1622, but se slip Jourdain 1609thought 1609 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain Journal, Sep. 4, 1609, in The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 121 There fell a shower of raine, with a flawe of winde which broke the thought which stayed the boats maste. OED2 1622, but see slip 1590thread-needle 1635 Capt. Luke Foxe North-west Fox or Fox from the North-west Passage(Facsimile ed. 1965) p. 196 (misnumbered 193)

Wee thred-needles to the East, hopeing at further distance from the Ile, to get cleare [of ice] into the South channell. OED2 1751 sense 2b 1895thrift (n2 ) 1776 ( 1968 ) New-England Chronicle, May 23, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.5 p. 217

Inventory of the cargo of the above-mentioned prize ship ..

hammers with helves, sledge, 25; augurs with thrifts, 75. OED2 c1900 (and defines as handle specifically for mill-bill)throat disease, throat distemper 1740 ( 1974 )

Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman (American Antiquarian Soc.) I went to the Funeral of of Two of Mr. Joseph Tainters Children -- 4 others of his Children being at the Same Time sick .. and all of the Throat Disease. Feb. 13, 1740 p. 74

I determined to repeat my sermon on .. Luke 12,40 .. on account of the terrible Judgement of the Throat Distemper. July 29, 1740 p. 80 (Very prevalent this year; EB uses “disease” in earlier and “distemper” in later entries) OED2 lacks. DA (t. distemper ) c1772 (Boston) = ?diphtheriathrough-let 1635 Capt. Luke Foxe North-west Fox or Fox from the North-west Passage(Facsimile ed. 1965) p. 231 I put into a through-let I named Hurins Through-let, for that hee upon the fore-yard conducted in the Ship. Foxe uses frequently, for passages from minor (as here) to a putative Northwest Passage. OED2 lacksthwacking vbl. n. 1582 ( 1959 ) Richard Madox Diary, Aug. 23, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 173 In honowr of St. Bartholemew made a thwacking bonyfyer. OED2 lacks this sense; cf. thwacker sense 2 1674 and whacking 1806thwart v 1613 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain Journal, July 1, 1613, in The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 286 Wee weare by Gods providence safelie passed .. seeinge nothinge but the high cliffs on both sides, towinge with our boate to keepe the shipps head from thwarting. OED2 sense 1d 1809tiburon 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 153 Ther is another fyshe called tibron wch is a grete fyshe wt a grete hede, and hath ij ordres of teethe one above another.

Barlow adapted a Spanish book and sometimes simply anglicised Spanish words, but here appears to be drawing on his own experience (on Spanish ships).

OED2 1555tide 1573 ( 1963 ) William Bourne Will, in A Regiment for the Sea (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXXI) p. 435 If that anie of my two children that have Tides do die without heyre, Then I wil that my Sonne Richard sholde have the tyde.

Editor (E. G. R. Taylor) explains (p. xvii), “The running of the public barges was reserved to the citizens of Gravesend, and the ownership of a ‘Tide’, or place in the rota of sailings was a valuable property which was passed on from father to son.” OED2 lacks this specialization of sense 8tide v 1615 ( 1939 ) Samuel SquireLetter in TheVoyage of Nicholas Downton to the East Indies1614-1615 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXII) (reprint 1967) p. 190 Tell the 15th daie we weare forced to tide it upp with contrary windes. OED2 1627

till n1 1713 JamesWatson The History of the Art of Printing (facsimile ed. 1965) p. 64

[ AContemplation upon the Mystery of Man’s Regeneration in Allusion to the Mystery of Printing]

Our slavish Flesh let be the Till,Whereon lay what Trash you will. OED2 sense 3 1888timorist 1643 ( 1944 ) Francis Williams Letter, May 9, 1643, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 4 p. 376 If I should camelion licke, change my selfe to euery object, I might well be censured for a timorist. OED2 c1620 onlyting-tang 1649 ( 1907 ) Edward Grimston inThe Travels of Peter Mundy , in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVII) Vol. I p. 220 The steeple a Wall, wherein two holes are cutt for two small ting tang bells. OED2 1680, sense 2 (attrib.) 1777tingible 1679 ( 1964 ) Sir Thomas Browne Letter, Jan. 26, 1679, in The Works of Sir Thomas Browne Vol. IV p. 94 The nayles are also of a substance tingible and outwardly colourable. OED2 dict. 1652; usage 1901tobacconist 1632 T. T. The Whetstone of Reproof (facsimile ed. as English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 361 1977) preface p. a3 verso After the contents come once to be exactely discussed & discouered, I persuade my selfe it will quikly loose its vndeserved credit, & then dubtlesse if the leaues were larger it would ride poast to Tobaconistis, & grossers shops. Second i probably one of many printer’s errors. OED2 sense 2 1657 (again Tobacconists and Grocers as the destiny of worthless books); but see slip 1620toddy 1609 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain Journal, Sep.7, 1609, in The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 129 Our people havinge bene well refreshed with a kinde of drinke of the pamita tree called taddy. OED2 1609-10; form 1611tolerator 1647 ( 1947 ) Hugh Peter Letter,ca. Apr, 1647, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 5 p. 147 I am no tolerator, but a peacemaker I would bee. OED2 1706tom cod 1740 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman July 1, 1740 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 80 We caught 13 Tom Codd. (In Boston Harbor)

OED2 1795tooth 1607 ( 1955 ) Dobsons Drie Bobbes h. 3 p. 20 A Smith .. who bare some tooth against the poore Haberdasher.

OED2 lacks sense of “hostility.” See slip Fitz Simon 1611tooth 1611 Henry Fitz Simon The Justification and Exposition of the Divine Sacrifice of the Masse (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 108 1972) p. 300 Sir George Carie then Lord Iustice hauing a tooth against AdameLofts vpraided him with the reported infamie .. of his intended reuolt.

OED2 lacks sense of “hostility.” See slip 1607torrent 1632 T. T. The Whetstone of Reproof (facsimile ed. as English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 361 1977) p. 147

A small number of writers against the whole torrent of the rest cannot hinder the antiquitie or vniuersalitie, either of the doctrine of transubstantiation, or any other point of faith. OED2 sense 2 1647toryism 1775 ( 1966 ) Rev. Samuel DeaneLetter, Nov. 4,1775 in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.2 p.878 Other fling toryisms at us, and seen disposd that we shd suffer till we are brought to reason.

(= accusations of toryism) OED2 sense b 1777 touch 1704 ( 1927 ) Shipwright’s contract in The Papers of Thomas Bowrey Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LVIII (reprint 1967) p. 129

In Length by the keel from the touch of the sweep to the back of the maine post to be sixty three foot. OED2 sense 23 1711touch off 1809 Capt. Lemuel Roberts

Memoirs (facsimile reprint 1969) p. 78 One or at most two mouth-fulls of pork, which were cut as carefully, and touched off or alloted as critically, as if it had been an immense treasure. OED2 lacks sense, although “touch off” 32a, does have same element of exactness.towze (touse) 1734 ( 1960 ) Benjamin Franklin

Poor Richard, 1735 an Almanack unpaged, January (facs. in The Complete Poor Richard Almanacks, 1970, p. 55) Two or three Squeezes, and two or three Towzes,With 2 or 3 hundred Pound spent at their Houses,Can never fail cuckolding two or three Spouses. OED2 1795 and lacks this sense (cf. sense 1c of the verb)trace n3 1595 ( 1972 ) Exchequer Account in The Last Voyage of Drake & Hawkins (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXLII) p. 57

GARLIC140 double trace at 10d a trace 5 16 8 (Modernized by editor)

OED2 sense 3b 1891track v2 1698 ( 1927 ) Thomas Bowrey Diary, June 27, 1698, in The Papers of Thomas Bowrey Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LVIII (reprint 1967) p. 63 Agreed with 2 Men for 36 Stivers each to goe with us to Gandt for to track when we have Occasion. OED2 1727trading lady 1683 The Whores Rhetorick (facsimile ed. 1979) p. 73 The most convenient habitation for a Trading Lady, is in a small convenient House of her own, rather than in lodgings. OED2 lacks this sense (but see prev. submitted slip Lawson 1709), trade n. sense 6c 1680, trader sense 1b 1682trail rope 1776 ( 1968 ) Pennsylvania Comm. of Safety Minutes, Mar. 4, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.4 p.163 1 four pound Canon,1 Carriage & Limber, 1 Traile Ropes,

1 Rammer & Sponge. OED2 sense b lacks quot.train ( v ) 1783 ( 1975 ) John Adams Letter to Abigail Adams, June 19, 1783 in The Book of Abigail and John p. 331 The definitive Treaty may be signed in three Weeks: and it may as probably be trained on till Christmas. OED2 sense 2a † 1652trampoose 1743 ( 1993 ) William Moraley The Infortunate p. 133 Nine days I was trampousing home. Across England, after returning from America, but no evidence of this being an Americanism. OED2 1798, but see slip Williams 1783trampoose n 1783 ( 1969 ) William Williams Mr. Penrose The Journal of Penrose, Seaman p. 287 Tired to death having been six days on the Trampoose. OED2 verb 1798 (but see slip Moraley 1743); noun 1840tranship 1775 ( 1964 ) Gov. Patrick Tonyn Letter to Lord Dartmouth Jan. 23, 1775 inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol. 1 p. 71 Hides .. not to be landed but Transhipt on board some Vessel going from thence to London. OED2 1792transpass 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 58

The hylle [Olympus] transpassed the region of the ayre. (Barlow translated a Spanish book and sometimes simply anglicised Spanish words. I don’t know here)

OED2 sense 2 1626transvection 1684 ( 1951 ) Richard Bovet

Pandaemonium , or the Devil’s Cloyster 3rd Reln. p. 106 What this manner of Transvection was, which the boy spoke of, whether it were corporeal, or in a dream only, I shall not dispute. OED2 sense 1 †1682trash 1611 Henry Fitz Simon The Justification and Exposition of the Divine Sacrifice of the Masse (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 108 1972) p. 162 More beseeming had it been for M. Rider all his life in VVigen to haue patched ould trashes (as ther they cal slippers) then to blaspheme rashly such Godly deuotion for trash, which the ancient beleefe of Christians .. had in so great regard. VVigen = Wigan, Lancs? OED2 sense 1b doubtful c1350, Lancs. gloss. 1746, usage 1885trat (or tratt) 1541 ( 1932 ) Nicholas Thorne Letter in A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. xlv The sayd ship remayneth towards yor supplyannt, the wyche is of to grete portage to tratt to bordyas .. to the wyche partys yor beseecher here to fore toused to tratt.

OED2 Is this trade sense 6 1570? see slips fortrat n., and n. and v. 1541)trat (or tratt) 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 50

Along the west and sothern costes and part of the northe be many good cities and townes and riche marchantes dwelling in them, and trattyth into many partes

boyonde the see. (Barlow translated a Spanish book and sometimes simply anglicised Spanish words, but see slip 1533 OED2 Is this trade sense 6 1570? see slip for 1533 and trat n.)trat (or tratt) 1541 ( 1932 ) Nicholas Thorne Letter in A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. xlv For the increase of the tratt of yor sayd toune of Brystow.

OED2 Is this trade sense 8 1555? see slips fortrat v., and n. and v. 1541)trat, trate 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 35

Here is al the trat of the shippys that comyth from calicut and malaca with spices.In this citie be many riche marchantes and is of grete trat owt of al partes.

Rochel is a good towne of trate (p. 38) (Barlow translated a Spanish book and sometimes simply anglicised Spanish words, but see slip 1533. OED2 Is this trade sense 5 1555? see slip for trat v and 1533traverse 1585 ( 1981 ) Journal of the Tyger, Sep. 15, 1585, in Sir Francis Drake’s West Indian Voyage 1585-86 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 148) p. 71 The wynde beinge so badd and the shipe in travers, it hapend the Minion to fawle aborde of us. OED2 sense 12a 1594traverse n 1615 ( 1971 ) Capt. WilliamKeeling

Journal, June 10, 1615, in The East India Company Journals of Capt. William Keeling and Master Thomas Bonner, 1615-1617 p. 80 We concluded the laying her middle hatches of her middle orlope in the mast flatt, whose present much roundnesse p[er]mitted not the traverse of her ordin[ance] there. OED2 lacks this sense of noun, corresponding to sense 8a of verb (from 1622)treater a 1689 ( 1690 ) Aphra Behn The Widow Ranter Act II scene ii line 1 1993 ed. p. 43 This Madam Ranter is so prodigious a treater. — oh! I hate a room that smells of a great Dinner. OED2 sense 3 1692tree v 1828 Capt. William E. Parry Narrative of an Attempt to Reach the North Pole p.112 We remarked .. a great deal of that appearance which is called by our Greenland sailors the “tree-ing” of ice. It consists in the ice being apparently raised by refraction. OED2 lacks sensetregar 1636 ( 1943 ) Port book entry, July 8, 1636, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 3 p. 2884 yard broad perpetuanoes, 8 pieces of Tregar. OED2 1642trestle-tree 1582 ( 1959 ) Richard Madox Diary, Sep. 3, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 179 The tresse trees of our mayn mast wer cracked. OED2 a1625triarian 1611 Henry Fitz Simon The Justification and Exposition of the Divine Sacrifice of the Masse (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 108 1972) Epistle Dedicatory p. a2v

Sathan and heretikes obseruing such good to Gods Church and ruine to heresie to increase by recourse of these fortunat triarian champions. OED2 1642

tribe c 1625 ( 1882 ) Nathaniel Butler ? The Historye of the Bermudaes (Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXV) p. 77 He began to lay out the eight tribes in the Maine, which were to consist of fiftie shares to a tribe, and five-and-twenty acres to a share.

He swore also certaine of the cheife men of the tribes to be baylies of the tribes. Like “parish” (as they are now called in Bermuda), tribe was used for both the land and the populace. OED2 sense 2e 1643 trillo 1632 A. H. [Henry Hawkins] Partheneia Sacra (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 81 1971) p. 146

Oh terrene Philomel, thou art but a babler heer, with al thy trilloes. OED2 1651, trill 1649trip 1615 ( 1899 ) Thomas . Roe Journal, Aug. 19, 1615, in The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the Court of the Great Mogul (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.I/2) (reprint 1967) p. 28 All our Anchors tript, soe that wee were putt off twice apeece. OED2 sense 11 1748trip (n1 ) 1698 ( 1981 ) Edmond Halley Journal, Dec. 15, 1698, in The Three Voyages of Edmond Halley in the Paramore (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. vol. 156) p. 93 The Admirall made a Trip to Windward the better to recover the Road of Fonchiall. OED2 Sense 4 1700tripartable 1634 ( 1943 ) Francis Kirby Letter, Apr. 11, 1634, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 3. p. 160 Put to account what Charge you haue been at with the tripartable goods.I think I haue sent you very neer the value of your third. OED2 tripartible 1860 dict. onlytroll 1553 ( 1988 ) William Baldwin Beware the Cat 2nd part p. 23 One cat .. trolled out so low and loud a bass. (First published 1570. Normalized spelling) OED2 sense 10 1575troll v 1603 ( 1929 ) * The Batchelars Banquet Ch. III p. 22 (orig. p. B4v) The cups of wine have merily trolde about.

*Anon. Editor (F. P. Wilson) doubts attrib. to Dekker (as OED2), suggests Robert Tofte. OED2 sense 7 1620troll n 1687 ( 1940 ) Charles Morton Compendium Physicae in Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XXXIII p. 27(from 1697 transcription of 1687 ms., probably first compiled c1680) Supposing [the Sun] to be created .. and then dropped in a troll,.. it must there continue in the same troll it received when it wasfirst droped. OED2 sense 1 1705tropic-bird 1628 ( 1914 ) Peter Mundy Journal, June 1628, in The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. IV (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XXXV) Vol. 2 p. 7 Wee also saw very whyte birds with one or two longe feathers in their Tayles, seldome seene but betwene the two Tropicks, therefore by Seamen Called Tropicque Birds. OED2 1681

trouncer 1686 ( 1928 ) Robert Southwell Letter, July 24, 1686, in The Petty—Southwell Correspondence (reprinted 1967) p. 221

There is lesse danger of that Eruption which they call the ‘Wild Oates’ and being seduced by young Trouncers, when he is already familiar with those of an other Orb.

OED2 c1630 only in possibly equivalent sense (unclear from quot.)truck 1541 ( 1932 ) Roger Barlow A Briefe Summe of Geographie (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXIX) p. 105 Thei gather moche golde and carie it to the castle of the myne and selle hit to the portugales in truck of coper and clothes of colours.

OED2 1553 truck 1585 ( 1589 ) The Tiger Journal, in Hakluyt Principall Navigations (facsimile ed. 1965) p. 734 We began to builde a new pinesse within the Fort, with the timber that we then felled in the countrey, some part whereof we fet three myle up in the land, and brought it our Fort vpon trucks. John White’s watercolor shows a log balanced on two pairs of wheels, apparently solid, but large rather than small. If these are connected to form a vehicle (sense 3 1774), it is not obvious. OED2 1611 truck-master 1637 ( 1883 ) Thomas Morton

New English Canaan p. 307 [It was then agreed upon that there should be one generall trade used within that Patent] Two truckmasters were chosen.

OED2 1694truckage (n2 ) 1776 ( 1976 ) Account, Nov. 12, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7 p. 118 To Storage of 159 hhd Sugar 1/10 7 .. 9 .. 0To truckage of 66 hhd of the above to 1 .. 13 – John Deshons Store OED2 1830trucking 1776 ( 1968 ) Account, March , 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.4 p. 657 To cash paid Samuel Hall for trucking Powder to Magazine. (New Hampshire; Mass. usage 1777 in vol. 9 p. 136) OED2 1809truckle 1687 ( 1940 ) Charles Morton

Compendium Physicae in Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XXXIII p. 39(from 1697 transcription of 1687 ms., probably first compiled c1680) We apply Oile or Grease to Wheeles, the Oily particles being round do truckle under weight, as pease scattered on the floor may Give a man a fall.

OED2 lacks this sense, but cf. sense 4trunk-turtle 1674 ( 1988 ) John Josselyn Two Voyages to New England p. 39(1988 ed. as John Josselyn, Colonial Traveler p. 30)Of the SeaTurtles there be five sorts, first the Trunck-turtle which is biggest. OED2 1697trunkmaster 1609 ( 1933 ) Virginia Council

Instruccions orders and constituccions ... to Sir Thomas Gates in Records of the Virginia Company of London Vol. III p. 20 One officer or two in every forte, whom you must onely appointe to be truncmasters, may dispatch the whole busines of trade.

You must sett prises and values under which the trunckemr must not trade.Over this truncemr. there must be appointed a cape merchant . OED I sense 6 of “trunk” makes some sense here, but “truck master” (see slip 1637) for a corresponding official in Massachusetts makes more.Nevertheless, the three spellings suggest “trunk” was really intended, unless the ms. was misreadtrunnel PREVIOUSLY SUBMITTED SLIP 1705 ( 1947 )

R. Beverley History and Present State of Virginia p. 148 They make a Dam of loose Stone ... quite a-cross the River, leaving One, Two, or more Spaces or Trunnels, for the Water to pass thro’ ... CORRECTION Beverley was paraphrasing J. Bannister a1692 (1970) who wrote “one, two, or more pipes or tunnels for the water to pass” so trunnels could be simply an error somewhere.trysail 1751 ( 1916 ) JamesBirket Apr. 1, 1751, inSome Cursory Remarks Made by James Birket in His Voyage to North America p. 72

Caught a booby on the try Sail gaff. OED2 1769tuck 1606 ( 1943 ) Edmund Scott An Exact Discourse in The Voyage of Sir Henry Middleton to the Moluccas (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXVIII) p. 172 The apparrell of the better sort is a tucke on their heads, and about their loynes a faire pintado.

OED2 † 1582, but see slip Jourdain 1608tuck 1608 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain Journal, Nov. 26, 1608, in The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 27 The Kinge was apparrellled after the Turkish manner, with a tucke upon his head. OED2 † 1582, but see slip Middleton 1606tumbler 1682 ( 1964 ) Dorothy Browne Letter, Feb. 13, 1682, in The Works of Sir Thomas Browne Vol. IV p. 212 Hee is in great expechtion of a Tumbler you must send him for his popet show .. it is a wodin fellow that turns his heles over his head. OED2 lacks (tumbler sense 6c 1850 does not turn heel over head)tundra 1591 ( 1964 ) Giles Fletcher The Russe Commonwealth Ch. 20 in The English Works of Giles Fletcher the Elder p. 259The whole countrey in a manner is eyther lakes, or mountaines, which toward the Sea side are called Tondro, because they are all of hard and craggy rocke. OED2 1841Turkey wheat 1588 Thomas Hariot A briefe and true report of the new found land of Virginia p. C1 The same in the West Indies is called Mayze : English men call it Guinney wheate or Turkie wheate , according to the names of the countreys from whence the like hath beene brought. OED2 1598turn 1740 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Dec. 15, 1740 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 87 Mr. Bradish Sent his son Jonas to cutt Wood for me, & he got down one Turn with my Oxen. EP uses for transport of one load of wood or of hay OED2 sense 37c 1792

turn down 1777 ( 1976 ) Proposal for uniforms by Continental Navy captains, Feb. 27, 1777, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.7 p. 1303 Undress for Post Captainsthe same as the Dress Coats, with this difference that undress Coats have Frock Backs and turn down white Collars. OED2 1840turtle 1586 ( 1955 ) Journal of the Primrose , inThe Roanoke Voyages 1584-1590 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CIV) Vol. 1 p. 308

[This c]owntrie is Indifferent frewtfulle and hathe good [store of] fisshe with land Turtles & nice Frewtes & saxafrage. [damaged doc.] OED2 1657, but see slips 1591 etc.turtle n2 1591 ( 1959 ) Stephen Mitchell Deposition in English Privateering Voyages to the West Indies 1588-1595 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. CXI) p. 132 Master Wattes shippes tooke ten shippes and frigottes as he remembreth this laste sommer whereof two Frigottes were laden with turtells.

OED2 1657 (sea-turtle 1612), but see slips 1586, 1609turtle n2 1609 ( 1905 ) William RevettJournal in The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 350 Wee fownde heere .. land turtles of so huge a bidgnes which men will thinke incredible. (Land tortoises in the Seychelles) OED2 1657, but see slip Jourdain 1609, Mitchell 1591, anon. 1586turtle n2 1609 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain Journal, Jan. 20, 1609, in The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 45 Soe the boate retourned and brought soe many land tortells as they could well carrie.

The tortells were good meate .. and so greate that eight of them did almost lade our skiffe. (Land tortoises in the Seychelles) OED2 1657, but see slip Revett 1609 and Mitchell 1591turtling 1667 ( 1925 ) Major John Scott English-Dutch Treaty in Colonising Expeditions to the West Indies and Guiana, 1623-1667 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LVI) p. 218 That ye Liberty of Fishing & Turtling upon ye Bayes as before .. is permitted. OED2 1669tuyere n5 1550 ( 1975 ) Account in Sidney Ironworks Accounts 1541-1573 (Camden 4th Ser. Vol. 15) p. 96 Paid .. for ii plates one for the twerne and the other for the shamyons xxi d.

OED2 no quot. 1354< >1781, and lacks variant.twang c 1625 ( 1882 ) Nathaniel Butler ? The Historye of the Bermudaes (Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXV) The Gouernour .. in a rage (with a couple of his twang) departs the church. (p. 52)

He gaue out by himselfe and his twang that it was certainely knowen that the Gouernour ..resolued to forsake the Ilands. (p. 263) Editor glosses “cabal or party”

Apparently none of the four OED2 noun twang s

two decker 1776 ( 1968 ) Capt. Lambert WickesLetter, June 16, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.5

p. 569 There is now One two Decker, two Frigates, one Twenty Gun Ship & a sloop of War Lying in Old Kiln Road. OED2 1791tymp a 1642 ( 1944 ) Sir Charles Coote Account of his iron works, rewritten by John Winthrop Jr., in Winthrop Papers Vol. 4 p. 364 This mine wrought so very hott in the furnasse that it burnt the twire stones in an instant, tympe and hearth. OED2 1645-50tympanitical 1679 ( 1964 ) Sir Thomas Browne Letter, July 5, 1679, in The Works of Sir Thomas Browne Vol. IV p. 123 Her body growes bigge & fares as though shee were Tympaniticall at least, & swells most below.

OED2 dict. 1656; usage 1772ullage 1776 ( 1968 ) Inventory, June 22, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.5 p. 812 Inventory of the Cargo received out of the Ship George : 3 barrels and an ullage of flour. (apparently means a partially emptied barrel) OED2 lacks this senseunanswerableness 1681 ( 1911 ) CottonMather Diary of Cotton Mather July 6, 1681 Vol. I p. 23 I sett myself this Evening, to examine my manifold Unanswerableness to the Engagements that ly upon mee. OED2 sense 1 † 1677unbale 1715 ( 1972 ) John Fontaine Journal Jan. 23, 1715 p. 60 I remained on board that night and unbaled all Mr. Binauld’s goods.

OED2 1752unbunged 1698 ( 1909 ) John Fryer A New Account of East India and Persia (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XIX) (reprint 1967) Vol. 1 p. 60

Though [Thames water] stink like Puddle-water when opened first, and have a Scum on it like Oil .. yet let it stand unbunged on the Deck twenty four hours, it recovers its goodness. OED2 1731unchristianable 1585 ( 1981 ) Journal of the Leicester, Nov. 19, 1585, in Sir Francis Drake’s West Indian Voyage 1585-86 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 148) p. 142 Certayne heathen and prophane examples, bothe as fallse and as vnchristianable as could be. OED2 lacks; christianable 1889unclerkly 1849 ( 1986 ) Herman Melville

Redburn ch. 30 Penguin ed. p. 216So different from the brief, pert, and unclerkly hand-books to Niagara and Buffalo

of the present day. OED2 1875undeclined c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. A Four [partis of reason] ben declynyd and foure ben undeclynyd .. Adverbe, Coniunccyon, Preposicyon and Interieccyon. OED2 1530undertow c 1752 ( 1852 ) Capt. WilliamCoats The Geography of Hudson’s Bay

(Hakluyt Soc. 1st. Ser. No. XI) p. 24 The undertow nales you fast, and all your efforts are insufficient to disintangle you, and therefore the high and low water slacks are what, with most safety, may be used. OED2 1817unimproved 1759 ( 1994 ) George Washington Rental accounts, in “Worthy Partner” The Papers of Martha Washington p. 104 There are besides, belon[ging sev]eral unimproved Lotts in James Town. Apparently current American sense of lacking “improvements”, i.e. buildings. OED2 sense 2 1781unison 1800 ( 1966 ) Thomas Jefferson The Family Letters of Thomas Jefferson to M. J. RandolphFeb. 11, 1800 p. 184 He .. fixes his 3. unisons to the same screw. OED2 sense 1e 1820unison string 1681 ( 1928 ) William Petty Letter, Jan. 31, 1681, in The Petty—Southwell Correspondence (reprinted 1967) p. 85

We are both Unison strings in the Love of our Wives; Wherfore you being struck, you may easily beleive That I also tremble. OED2 1685unlust 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, Apr. 15, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 110 To avoyd the sycknes of the sea .. the more exerse with reason the better, for yf you once fawl to lasynes or unlust than is the scarby redy to catch you by the bones and wil shak owt every tooth in your head. scarby Editor (E. S. Donno) suggests scarebabe or scurvy OED2 †1561 (? sense 2 or 3)unnational 1612 ( 1953 ) William Strachey The Historie of Travell into Virginia Britania(Hakluyt Soc. 2nd Ser., No. CIII) p. 4 The many Mouthes of Ignoraunce, and Sclaunder.. blast both this Enterprize, and the divoutest Labourers therein .. calling yt an vnnationall, and vnlawfull vndertaking. OED2 1753unprejudicedly 1643 Thomas Goodwin et al.

An Apologeticall Narration p. 3 Facsimile in 1935 (reprinted 1965) Tracts on Liberty in the Puritan Revolution Vol. II p. 310 We lookt upon the word of Christ as impartially, and unprejudicedly, as men of flesh and blood are like to doe. OED2 1674unrelish n 1666 ( 1992 ) Henry More Letter, Mar. 17, 1666, in The Conway Letters p. 269 There will be a Spiritt of Nature for all this, and I think for anything that ever will be alleg’d to the contrary, or excogitated to evade the unrelish of that principal. OED2 lacks (—ed 1593, —able 1606, —ing 1611, —ness 1615)unreprovableness 1690 CottonMather The Present State of New-England (facsimile ed. 1972) p. 29 To Slight such aWarning from the meanest person in the World, were a Dangerous Unreproveableness; but when such a Warning is given by a Father, it has a particular Stamp of God upon it, and Wo to those that shall be Disobedient thereunto. Apparent sense — perverse refusal to accept reproof OED2 lacks this senseunresistable 1685 ( 1989 ) Francis Howard Order about holding county courts in Papers of Francis Howard, Baron Howard of Effingham p. 253 Avoid as much as possible may be Adjournments without finishing

the Docequett then before them unlesse impeded by unresistable Occasions. OED2  †1672

unrifled c 1595 ( 1899 ) Capt. Wyatt Narrative in The Voyage of Robert Dudley to the West Indies (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.III) p. 13

The prisoners .. with whome he delt soe honorablie, causinge them to be sett ashore unrifeled of the sailers and souldiers. OED2 1603unrudder 1776 ( 1968 ) William-Henry Drayton

Letter, Mar. 5, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.4 p.205 The vessels in the ports of Savannah, ready to sail, contrary to the interest of America, shall be forthwith unrigged and unruddered. OED2 unruddered ppla. 1804unruly c 1496 John Stanbridge Accedence (facsimile ed. as English Linguistics 1500-1800No. 134) p. Aii Fyve nownes (bonus, malus, magnus, paruus & multus) that make the comparatyf degree unruly. OED2 cf. sense 1c 1526, but lacks simple meaning of “not according to rule.”unsettle 1609 Robert Johnson Nova Britannia, Offring most Excellent fruites by Planting in Virginia p. B2r We so passed by their dwellings that inseating ourselues, wee sought not to unsettle them.

OED2 sense 2a 1651unsizableness 1690 ( 1915 ) C. D. New-England’s Faction Discovered in Narratives of the Insurrections 1675-1690 p. 262 By reason of the unsizableness of their Guns and Shot, they were forced to beat their Bullets into Slugs. OED2 1746unsolvable 1688 ( 1974 ) George Etherege Letter Aug. 30, 1688, in Letters of Sir George Etherege p. 230 You still increase a debt I have long been unable to pay you, but I bear an honest minde and am willing, according to an ancient Roman Law, to be your slave since I am unsolvable. OED2 sense 1 1656 onlyuntraversable 1628 Francis Fletcher

The World Encompassed by Sir Francis Drake (facsimile reprint 1966) p. 92 Two onely canons there they saw, and those at that present vntrauersable because vnmounted. OED2 1856 and lacks sense of traverse v. sense 8upper case 1713 JamesWatson The History of the Art of Printing (facsimile ed. 1965) p. 62

[ AContemplation upon the Mystery of Man’s Regeneration in Allusion to the Mystery of Printing]

Make, O make our Souls and Senses, The Upper and the Lower Cases.

OED2 lacks as entry (see sort 1839) See slip Smith 1755upper case 1755 John Smith The Printer’s Grammar (facsimile ed. 1965) p. 50 The Upper Case Sorts are, Large Capitals—Small Capitals—Accented

Letters—Figures—References. OED2 lacks as entry (see sort 1839) See slip Watson 1713upper works 1754 J. Robertson Elements of Navigation p. 560 A ship is seen hull to , when her upper-works just disappear.

Additional text indicates that the upper works are above the rail or the quarter.OED2 definition (= deadwork) does not fit this (nor 1850 def. and other quots?)

upstir 1855 Frederick Douglass Frederick Douglass My Bondage and my Freedom 1994 Library of America ed. p. 326 I am not a loser ... by the general upstir.

(runaway attempt and arrest ---fits OED’s “commotion or disturbance”) OED2 1549 and 1550 cits., 19th C. Eng. dial. no cit.vacation 1609 ( 1957 ) Virginia Council

Instruccions orders and constituccions ... to Sir Thomas Gates in The Three Charters of the Virginia Company of London (Va. 350th anniv. Celebration Corp.) p. 68 In cases of death or other vacacion of the Governor. OED2 Appears to be sense 9 (1860) or 7b (†1535)

vacuate 1776 ( 1972 ) Philip Stephens Letter, July 23, 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 496 The said Ship having been destroyed at Boston, when the Place was vacuated. OED2 †1765 ( and lacks sense = evacuate sense 3a)vail c 1595 ( 1899 ) Capt. Wyatt Narrative in The Voyage of Robert Dudley to the West Indies (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No.III) p. 4 Our Generall .. halinge them with his noyse of trumpetts made them know their dwtie unto our English collers by vailinge theire topsailes.

[The prisoners] upon theire departure after theire Spanish fastion vayled theire bonnets in the honour of our Generall. (p. 50) OED2 sense 1b 1599vail 1622 ( 1848 ) The Observations of Sir Richard Hawkins Knight, in his Voyage into the South Sea in The Hawkins’ Voyages (2nd ed. date? Hakluyt Soc. Ser. 1, No. LVII, reprint date?) §ii p.95 I caused the pilot to set sayle from Blackwall, and to vayle down to Gravesend. OED2 sense 7 †1598Varinas c 1640 ( 1989 ) inEnglish and Irish Settlement on the River Amazon 1550-1646 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd Ser., No. 171) p. 434

Excellent Tobacco, comparable to the best Verina. OED2 1747Venetian 1576 ( 1931 ) Oxford Convocation decree, in Statuta Antiqua Universitatis Oxoniensis, ed. S. Gibson p. 403(per footnote, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 88 [No one] shal weare anie Scalions of Velvet, of Silke or of any other colour then black or any Gascons or Venetians at all ether within the universitye or without under paine of forfeyting xiiijs iiijd for the first time, and for the second time xxxvjs viiijd, and so toties quoties. Gascon? OED2 sense 2a 1582Vermonter 1777 ( 1947 ) Thomas Hughes Sept. 25, 1777 in A Journal by Thos: Hughes p. 17 It was a party of Vermonters that took Ticonderoga and Crown Point. OED2 1787 DA 1778

vest 1612 ( 1934 ) Capt. Thomas Best Journal, Dec. 12, 1612 , in The Voyage of Thomas Best to the East Indies, 1612-14 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXV) (reprint 1967) p. 38 I dealt with the Govener of Madafeldebar .. agreeinge with him to give him 100 mamodas and a vest.

I presented him a veste of stamell. (Dec. 21 p. 39) OED2 1613vest 1628 ( 1929 ) John Winthrop, Jr. Letter, Dec. 26, 1627, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 1 p 417 My love .. which shall present itselfe to you not in the colored habit of painted words but in the simple vest of true friendship.

OED2 sense 1c 1655vice-admiral 1578 ( 1940 ) Shipping list in The Voyages and Colonising Enterprises of Sir Humphrey Gilbert (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXXIII) ( reprint 1967) p. 210 The Hope of Greneway Vice Admirall of clx Tunnes.

OED2 sense 2 1595viliaco 1583 M. M. S. The Spanish Colonie (transl. of de las Casas) (facsimile reprint 1966) p. P2 recto I have killed with my dogs today, fifteene or twentie viliacoes. OED2 1599viny 1630 ( 1931 ) John Winthrop Misc note in Journal, in Winthrop Papers Vol. 2 . p. 280 To make gunnepowder..Your Sulphur must be that which is Called viny, havinge 1/4: of quicksilver putt to it in the meltinge. ? OED2 lacksvirgin oil 1676 ( 1953 ) John Locke Feb. 10, 1676, in Locke’s Travels in France p. 36 The oyle that runs at first presseing before the mixture of water they call virgin oyle, which is better than the other. OED2 1719viviparous 1699 ( 1981 ) Royal Soc. Journal Book, July 26, 1701, in The Three Voyages of Edmond Halley in the Paramore (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. vol. 156) p. 292 Mr Hally shewd part of a Viviparous plant as he called it, which grows by the Salt waterside called Guaparaira the Mangrove.

OED2 sense 3 1777vociferator 1774 ( 1957 ) Philip V. Fithian

Journal & Letters of PVF Jan. 18, 1773 p. 57 Six, eight, ten or more would put their Heads together and roar .. – among the first of these Vociferators was a young Scotch-man. OED2 1814vogue 1590 ( 1972 ) Sir Roger Williams A Brief Discourse of Warre (p. A3v) in The Works of Sir Roger Williams p. 5

The more affable they shewe themselues vnto the multitude, the greater will be their voges and loues. NOTE “Popular esteem” fits perfectly as the meaning of voge in the OED2 quote from this book under 4a (which continues .. “they will be sure to make them away with poyson or murther”). I see no basis for the interpretation “Natural bent or capacity,” and suggest striking. OED2 sense 2a 1604

voiturin 1676 ( 1953 ) John Locke Jan. 7, 1676, in Locke’s Travels in France p. 16 We paid our Voiturin 12 crowns apiece for horse & provision from Lyons hither. OED2 1768volt v 1609 ( 1905 ) John Jourdain Journal, July 27, 1609, inThe Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. XVI) (reprint 1967) p. 106 The winde beeing at S. S. E. wee laye all daie volting to and againe to passe the straits.

Here wee laye voltinge to and againe to double this pointe (p. 275)

Wee sett saile, and voltinge to and againe wee perceived thatt wee were driven to leeward. (p. 278) OED2 volt v1?volubility 1726 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Sept. 5, 1726 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 17 I had a great variety of Contemplations of the volubility of time. OED2 sense 4b †1699vomiturient 1654 ( 1992 ) Henry More Letter, Apr. 24, 1654, in The Conway Letters p. 95 The very remembrance of him will make me half sick, and as vomituriant at this knave Physicion as Alexander is reported to have been at the sight of a corrupt judge. OED2 1666 onlyvote 1632 A. H. [Henry Hawkins] Partheneia Sacra (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 81 1971) p. 181

O what a thing it were to reckon vp the Temples & Chapels, & therinthe Votes, tables, & waxen images set vp as testimonies of her infinit cures!

OED2 lacks the sense of ex-votowage 1613 ( 1928 ) Robert Harcourt A Relation of a Voyage to Guiana (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LX) p. 126I .. gaue commandement to the master of my shippe to wage a Pilot. OED2 sense 7b †1608wait on 1609 ( 1957 ) Virginia Council

Instruccions orders and constituccions ... to Sir Thomas Gates in The Three Charters of the Virginia Company of London (Va. 350th anniv. Celebration Corp.) p. 62 You must give order that your catle be kept in heards waited and attended on by some small watch. OED2 Sense 4 (or similar) † <1605walk 1589 ( 1981 ) A Summarie and True Discourse of Sir frances Drakes West Indian Voyage in Sir Francis Drake’s West Indian Voyage 1585-86 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 148) p. 262 The orange trees and others, being set orderly in walkes of great length together. This predates English settlement in the West Indies. Is walk perhaps a calque on some Spanish word?OED2 sense 10c 1793, but see slip Wafer 1699walk 1699 ( 1934 ) Lionel Wafer A New Voyage and Description of the Isthmus of AmericaHakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXIII (reprint 1967) p. 7 He would rise in the Night, and go out by stealth to the Neighbouring Plantain-walk, and fetch a bundle of ripe ones from thence. OED2 sense 10c 1793; see slip 1589waniness 1686 ( 1906 ) Shipwrights’ Resolutions at a Navy Office conference, in Samuel Pepys Memoires Relating to the

State of the Royal Navy of England (1690) (1906 ed. reprinted 1971) p. 43 The general Waniness, want of Breadth at the Top-end, and ill method of Conversion of our English Plank. OED2 lackswarren 1765 Henry Timberlake Memoirs p. 126 Their ideas were likewise greatly increased by the number of ships in the river, and the warren at Woolwich. OED2 sense 5 1769wase 1675 ( 1953 ) John Locke Dec. 20, 1675, in Locke’s Travels in France p. 4 To light the coach in the dark mornings the postilion carried a great bundle of wases before him which were our Flambeaux. OED2 in this sense †1602wash 1635 Capt. Luke Foxe North-west Fox or Fox from the North-west Passage(Facsimile ed. 1965) p. 60 They use but one oare, with a washe at both ends. (Hall’s last voyage to Greenland, ca, 1608 Check if from Purchas) OED2 sense 16 1769wassail v 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, Jan. 6, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 73I supt at M. Maiors and after wasseld with M. Brush the chamberlayn. OED2 sense 1 no quot. c1300< >1686watch 1776 ( 1972 ) Lds. Commrs. Admiralty

Orders to Capt. Cook, June 1776, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.6 p. 403 The said Commissrs have thought it expedient to send out for trial during your present intended Voyage, two Watch Machines which have been made by Mr Kendal in consequence of their directions,one of them, being a Copy of that made by the late Mr Harrison. OED2 sense 21c 1777 (without machine )water 1810 ( 1951 ) John E. Caldwell A Tour through Part of Virginia p. 24 The stream passing under it is called Cedar Creek; it is a water of James’ river. OED2 lacks sense of tributarywater spout 1712 ( 1972 ) John Fontaine Journal Nov. 1712 p. 42 We see several water spouts, one of which passed over our ship.

OED2 sense 3 1738water-crane 1618 v Cape The Chronicle and Institution of the Order of .. S. Francis(transl. of original of Marcos Da Silva) (facsimile ed. as English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 357 1977) p. 377 In the citty of Capua, diuers children playing vpon the water-crane, one of them by mischance fell into the riuer. OED2 1658 (but “An apparatus for supplying water from an elevated tank” doesn’t seem quite right for either quot.)wavel 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, Apr. 10, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 105 We fet home both our anchors in hope to be goen but the wynd whyvelying on both syds the east grew so scant we cold not.

Editor (E. S. Donno) glosses “veering” ? OED2 wavel Sc. 1638 (sense 1 a1689) (No reason for Scoticism in Madox)weak 1748 ( 1935 ) anon. The Journal of a Captive 1745-1748 in Colonial Captivities, Marches and Journeys p. 13 The Castor .. Hull’d

her in 2. places vizt. abaft the Mainmast and in the Weake of the Fore Topmast backstay. ? OED2 weak sense B † 1692?weather v 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 284 We wer gote almost to the Sterte, which when we cold not wether (the gale bloyng stif at the west) we turned to Dartmowth.

OED2 sense 3a c1595weather-glass 1687 ( 1940 ) Charles Morton

Compendium Physicae in Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XXXIII p. 52(from 1697 transcription of 1687 ms., probably first compiled c1680) Thus are made Barometers or <merc> Weather Glasses now of common Use. OED2 sense 2 1695welling vbln2 1853 ( 1953 ) Bill in Illinois legislature, in Collected works of Abraham Lincoln Vol. II p. 189 Said Company may engage in the business of mining of coal, iron, clays, and other minerals; and of welling for salt. OED2 1865whanger n1 1779 ( 1846 ) Col. Ethan Allen Narrative of Col. Ethan Allen’s Captivity 4th ed. (facsimile reprint 1987) p. 36 The combatants were to discharge each a pocket pistol, and then to fall on with their iron hilted muckle whangers. ? If a sword, specifying iron hilts seems strange. Combatants were ship’s officers, at least one Scottish. OED2 quotes 1867 Smyth Sailor’s Word-bk. “An old term for a large sword.” wherry 1752 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Jan. 4, 1752 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 249

Ebenezer to Mr. Thomas Axtell’s with a Whirry and brought home my piggs which had been so long lost. OED2 sense 3 1881whist n2 1632 A. H. [Henry Hawkins] Partheneia Sacra (facsimile ed. in English Recusant Literature 1558-1640 Vol. 81 1971) p. 127

It is the Herald of Armes, that passeth freely to and fro, amid the holbards and squadrons of pikes, and cryes but out: hold your hands, and al is whist. OED2 sense 2 Irish c1874Whitechapel needle 1758 ( 1994 ) Martha Custis (Washington)Invoice, in “Worthy Partner” The Papers of Martha Washington p. 27

5 hundered of the Best White Chappel sorted needles none Large. OED2 1774widdle v2 1774 ( 1993 ) William Mylne Letter, Sep. 1, 1774, in Travels in the Colonies in 1773-1775 p. 41 Robinson is one of those beings that when they cannot widdle into the management of great things takes up with small. Mylne was from Edinburgh OED2 1844widow’s man 1777 ( 1986 ) Complement of H. M. Brig Cabot, July 1, 1777, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol. 9 p. 196 Widows Man 1Seamen 50 OED2 widow 5b 1790

wigwam ( v ) 1754 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Jan. 15, 1754 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 268 Daniel Williams and his Squaw, who are come from Dudley towigwam among us. OED2 “nonce-word” 1906.willock 1606 ( 1877 ) Capt. John Knight Journal, June 2, 1606, in The Voyages of Sir James Lancaster .. and the Voyage of Captain John Knight (Hakluyt Soc. Ser. 1, No. LVI) p. 286 This day we sawe manye black byrds like willocks flyinge in fleets or companys together. OED2 1631wind up 1726 ( 1974 ) Ebenezer Parkman The Diary of Ebenezer Parkman Aug. 15, 1726 (American Antiquarian Soc.) p. 16 They apprehended him (according to his own phrase) near winding up. .. He dy’d about an hour after. OED2 wind sense 24d(b) 1740 (winding up affairs, not life)winderly 1699 ( 1981 ) Edmond Halley Letter, Apr. 4, 1701, in The Three Voyages of Edmond Halley in the Paramore (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd ser. vol. 156) p. 280 It would have been scarce possible for a more winderly shipp than we, to turn it to Southward.Halley complained “Our shipp being very indifferent to windward.”

OED2 lackswinnard c 1650 ( 1936 ) Peter Mundy inThe Travels of Peter Mundy , in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXVIII) (reprint 1967) Vol.V p. 8 In winter, wild geese, wild ducks, blackbirds, thrush, velvares, wheenards, etts.In list of birds of Cornwall OED2 1880winterer 1635 Capt. Luke Foxe North-west Fox or Fox from the North-west Passage(Facsimile ed. 1965) p. 250 Who[soever] is so pleased may set forth the beginning of May .. with ship newly repaired, newly manned with fresh men, & untainted with skurvie, cramp or cold paines, but more and better able to performe the enterprize, then the winterer can be. OED2 1795wire-grass 1790- 1792 ( 1976 ) John Fitch Autobiography p. 31 It was stought grass that would produce near two tons to the acre and generally what we call in New England wiregrass. In the year 1755 OED2 sense 1 1793with (withe) 1777 ( 1980 ) Capt. Cornelius White

Letter, May 15, 1777, inNaval Documents of the American Revolution Vol.8 p. 971 I found the head of my foremast to be very Rotten & weak .. I took all the pains to secure it .. that could be contrived with Iron Withs & holdings. (holding seems to have some particular technical sense also) OED2 sense 4 1867 (Smyth Sailor’s Word-bk.)woolsack a 1687 ( 1940 ) Charles Morton

Compendium Physicae in Publ. Colonial Soc. Massachusetts Vol. XXXIII p. 100 (from 1697 transcription of 1687 ms., probably first compiled c1680) The Woolsacks (as they are called) in August soon change their Collour ( by access of more vapours) and pour down rain. OED2 lacks fig. sense for cumulus clouds.

wrasse c 1650 ( 1936 ) Peter Mundy inThe Travels of Peter Mundy , in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LXXVIII) (reprint 1967) Vol.V p. 6 Gurnards, grey and red, turbut, great soles and plaice; wrathes, smelts, mackrel and murghee .. thornebacke; ray, surmilletts and other.

In list of fishes of Cornwall OED2 a1672wry 1670- 1671 ( 1683 ) Sir James TurnerPallas Armata (facsimile ed. 1968) Bk. I Ch. iii p. 8 A Target .. the Souldier carried on his Back all the time of his march; but when he was to fight, by a wry of his body, he made it fall on his left shoulder. OED2 sense 2 †1654yabba 1783 ( 1969 ) William Williams Mr. Penrose The Journal of Penrose, Seaman p. 133 I got one of the large Callabashes and oiled it round, and then I palmed clay all round it without and by this means made a huge ugly sort of Yabba. OED2 1889Yankee 1779 ( 1846 ) Col. Ethan Allen Narrative of Col. Ethan Allen’s Captivity 4th ed. (facsimile reprint 1987) p. 44 I found I had come Yankee over him, and that the letter had gone to the identical person I had designed it for. OED2 B (adj. ) 1781; “connotation of cleverness, cunning or cold calculation” 1829Yankee Doodle 1770 ( 1914 ) Benjamin WrightLetter, June 2, 1770, in Commerce of Rhode Island 1726-1800 Vol. 1, p. 330 Should my little family call on you Pray be bountifull, which will greately add to the many favours allready conferred on Poor Old yankey dodle. . OED2 sense 2 1787yawl 1641 ( 1925 ) Peter Mundy Journal, July 15, 1641, inThe Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XXXIV (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LV) Vol. 4 p. 128 Came a Yoholl, or smalle boate, with 4 Lapps or Finns. OED2 1670yawn 1582 ( 1976 ) Richard Madox Diary, Apr. 29, 1582, in An Elizabethan in 1582 (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. 147) p. 119 Ther was our general .. with others who dyned after under a yawn on the barbican deck. OED2 lacks. I presume =awning 1624 (but see slips Winter 1579 and Walker 1582)yellow boy 1855 ( 1947 ) Raffaello Carboni

Eureka Stockade ii p. 24 (Dolphin Book ed.) In less than five minutes I pounced on a little pouch -- the yellow boy was all there. OED2 lacks sense of gold in native stateyellow ware 1775 ( 1964 ) Simon Pease Letter Apr. 27, 1775 in Naval Documents of the American Revolution Vol. 1 p.233 You will oblige me in Letting me Know if 6 or 7 Crates of yellow ware woud sell at Providence.

OED2 1785yellow-tail c 1625 ( 1882 ) Nathaniel Butler ? The Historye of the Bermudaes (Hakluyt Soc.1st. Ser. No. LXV) p. 7 Excellent fish ..the most of which being vnknowen to our more northerly parts, haue lately gotten them names, either from their shapes or conditions, as .. the delicate amber fish, from his tast and smell; angell fish;

cony fish, the smale yellowe tayle, from that naturall painteinge; the great grouper, from his odde and strange gruntinge. OED2 1709yoke 1789 Thomas Anburey Travels through the Interior Parts of Americain a Series of Letters (1969 facsimile ed.) Vol. I p.83 The soil is covered with maple, oak, beech, yoke, elm, hickory, and small cherry-trees. OED2 has yoke tree (“olde time” name in 1585) and yoke-elm (from 1687 -) for hornbeam, but lacks uncombined form.yuft 1641 ( 1925 ) Peter Mundy The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia 1608-1667 Rel. XXXIV (Hakluyt Soc. 2nd. Ser. No. LV) Vol. 4 p. 152 Moscovia: comodities..Yughtts or redd hides, an exceeding quantity. OED2 1799yule-log c 1687 ( 1972 ) John Aubrey Remaines of Gentilisme and Judaisme Ch. I, in John Aubrey Three Prose Works p. 134 In the West-riding of Yorkshire on Christmas Eve at night they bring in a large Yule-log or Christmas block and set it on fire. OED2 a1725Zohar 1672 ( 1992 ) Henry More Letter, Feb. 5, 1672, in The Conway Letters p. 351 He may observe whether in Zoar or any other of these Cabbalisticall Bookes the ancient Cabbalists may seeme to speake to the sense that I have given of these 2 Tables. OED2 1682