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NORTHERN MANHATTAN’S BILINGUAL NEWSPAPER JANUARY 15 - JANUARY 21, 2020 • VOL. 21 • No. 03 EL PERIODICO BILINGUE DEL NORTE DE MANHATTAN WASHINGTON HEIGHTS • INWOOD • HARLEM • EAST HARLEM NOW EVERY WEDNESDAY TODOS LOS MIERCOLES Health Health p4 p4 Research Research p9 p9 Conteo de confianza Conteo de confianza Confidence Count Confidence Count Photo: By Gregg McQueen p11 p11 p11 p11 e Santo Domingo Slave Revolt of 1521 and the Slave Laws of 1522: Black Slavery and Black Resistance in the Early Colonial Americas Anthony Stevens-Acevedo The Santo Domingo Slave Revolt of 1521 and the Slave Laws of 1522: Black Slavery and Black Resistance in the Early Colonial Americas (Sources for a Quincentennial) Anthony Stevens-Acevedo Research Monograph

ODOS LOS MIERCOLES Confidence Count · organ, including 10,000 New Yorkers. Angie Tempio received a new heart in July 2019. The 25-year-old previously suffered from cardiomyopathy,

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Page 1: ODOS LOS MIERCOLES Confidence Count · organ, including 10,000 New Yorkers. Angie Tempio received a new heart in July 2019. The 25-year-old previously suffered from cardiomyopathy,

N O R T H E R N M A N H A T T A N ’ S B I L I N G U A L N E W S P A P E RJANUARY 15 - JANUARY 21, 2020 • VOL. 21 • No. 03

E L P E R I O D I C O B I L I N G U E D E L N O R T E D E M A N H AT TA NWASHINGTON HEIGHTS • INWOOD • HARLEM • EAST HARLEM

NOW EVERY WEDNESDAYTODOS LOS MIERCOLES

Health Health p4p4 Research Research p9p9

Conteo de confianzaConteo de confianza

Confidence CountConfidence Count

Phot

o: B

y G

regg

McQ

ueen

p11p11

p11p11

The Santo Domingo Slave Revolt of 1521 and the Slave Laws of 1522: Black Slavery and Black Resistance in the Early Colonial Americas

Anthony Stevens-Acevedo

The Santo Domingo Slave Revolt of 1521and the Slave Laws of 1522: Black Slavery and Black Resistancein the Early Colonial Americas

(Sources for a Quincentennial)

Anthony Stevens-Acevedo

Research Monograph

Page 2: ODOS LOS MIERCOLES Confidence Count · organ, including 10,000 New Yorkers. Angie Tempio received a new heart in July 2019. The 25-year-old previously suffered from cardiomyopathy,

2 JANUARY 15, 2020 • MANHATTAN TIMES • www.manhattantimesnews.com

WE’RE METROPLUS.WE’RE NEW YORK CITY.

OUR LARGE SELECTION OF DOCTORS & SPECIALISTS

IS THERE FOR YOU.

WHEREVERYOU ARE

Health Plan

Now through January 31 is your

chance to joinour health plan. Call 1.855.809.4073

or visit metroplus.org.

MKT 19.141

METXXXX Colors Campaign - End Date - Manhattan Times HALF Vert 4.875x11.25.indd 1METXXXX Colors Campaign - End Date - Manhattan Times HALF Vert 4.875x11.25.indd 1 1/2/20 2:10 PM1/2/20 2:10 PM

Page 3: ODOS LOS MIERCOLES Confidence Count · organ, including 10,000 New Yorkers. Angie Tempio received a new heart in July 2019. The 25-year-old previously suffered from cardiomyopathy,

JANUARY 15, 2020 • MANHATTAN TIMES • www.manhattantimesnews.com 3

It was a new mark for mulch.

A record 48,230 trees were collected during Mulchfest 2020, according to NYC Parks.

Held each year around the holiday season,

Mulchfest encourages New Yorkers to recycle their Christmas trees by bringing them to a collection site to be turned into mulch that can be used for gardening and to increase soil fertility.

Mulch maintains the health of trees and

Over 48,000 trees collected during MulchFest

Tree TopsTree Tops plants by deterring weeds, retaining moisture, preventing compaction, adding nutrients to the soil and keeping roots warm.

This year’s collection total breaks the previous record of 30,226 trees in 2014.

“It gives me great pleasure to announce that our city’s residents have gone above and beyond as urban stewards this year, setting a new recycling record at Mulchfest 2020,” said NYC Parks Commissioner Mitchell J. Silver, FAICP. “I would like to thank our partners at the Department of Sanitation, as well as every single individual who participated in this event, for doing their part to make our city even more sustainable.”

Mulchfest 2020 ran from December 26

through January 11 at 67 total drop-off sites, including parks and Green Thumb gardens, across the five boroughs.

At 32 chipping locations, participants could watch their tree get chipped and take home a free bag of mulch.

For more than 20 years, Parks and the Department of Sanitation (DSNY) have collected and mulched trees to help planting beds and community gardens around the city.

Weather permitting, DSNY will be conducting curbside pickups of Christmas trees for mulching and recycling until Friday, January 17.

For more information, go to nyc.gov/parks/mulchfest.

A record 48,230 trees were collected.Photo: María Hernández

The drive is held throughout the five boroughs.

Page 4: ODOS LOS MIERCOLES Confidence Count · organ, including 10,000 New Yorkers. Angie Tempio received a new heart in July 2019. The 25-year-old previously suffered from cardiomyopathy,

4 JANUARY 15, 2020 • MANHATTAN TIMES • www.manhattantimesnews.com

U ptown is giving.

A record number of New Yorkers became organ donors last year, according to federally designated organ procurement organization LiveOnNY.

In Northern Manhattan alone, 20 organ donations occurred in 2019.

During 2019, 341 donors in the state provided organs such as hearts, lungs, livers and kidneys to help save nearly 1,000 lives, LiveOnNY said.

The number of donors in New York rose 10 percent from 2018.

Currently, 113,000 adults and children nationwide are waiting to receive a lifesaving organ, including 10,000 New Yorkers.

Angie Tempio received a new heart in July 2019. The 25-year-old previously suffered from cardiomyopathy, which threatened her life.

“I am so grateful to my donor for giving me a second chance at life,” she said. “This

heart has given me a chance to one day have a child of my own, to have a career and now do the little things that everyone else takes for granted like being able to walk upstairs.”

Founded in 1978, LiveOnNY has helped procure more than 23,000 organ donations. The nonprofit works closely with 11 transplant centers, nearly 100 hospitals, and several tissue and eye banks.

“More New Yorkers were given a second chance at life last year thanks to our world-renowned transplant surgeons, hospital critical care teams and the tireless, compassionate staff at LiveOnNY who work around the clock 365 days-a-year to make the gift of life possible,” said Lee H. Perlman, Chairman of the LiveOnNY Board of Directors. “Our transplant community made impressive progress and that momentum will continue. But no matter how heartening these achievements may be, we have a commitment to provide the gift of life to every New Yorker still on the waiting list, and that will remain our chief focus, in 2020 and for years to come.”

LiveOnNY has seen a 55 percent increase in the number of organ donors and organs transplanted since 2015.

Some of that is attributed to more

New Yorkers saying “yes” to organ donation on their driver’s licenses by signing up on the state’s donor registry.

Currently, New Yorkers are asked if they wish to register as an organ donor when they obtain a driver’s permit or license, IDNYC card, non-driver ID, or register to vote.

“We are committed to saving more lives in 2020 and building on the advances we have

achieved in the past five years,” said Helen Irving, President and CEO of LiveOnNY. “Our staff and our hospital and community partners are working hard toward the day when the waiting list is zero. That is our pledge to the people of New York.”

For more information, visit LiveOnNY.org.

Live LargeOrgan donations saved

nearly 1,000 lives in 2019

A record number of New Yorkers became organ donors last year.

Page 5: ODOS LOS MIERCOLES Confidence Count · organ, including 10,000 New Yorkers. Angie Tempio received a new heart in July 2019. The 25-year-old previously suffered from cardiomyopathy,

JANUARY 15, 2020 • MANHATTAN TIMES • www.manhattantimesnews.com 5

COMMUNITY NEWS

See COMMUNITY p15

Listen up familia, Puerto Rico needs your help. A series of earthquakes and aftershocks have left Puerto Rico devastated and many are without power once again. Get this: “Since Dec. 31st, the country has experienced over 950 seismic events, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.” That is not good. During these harsh days of the Trump Tyranny, it is imperative that we spread love and look out for our brothers and sisters in Puerto Rico and throughout the globe. With that said, a host of elected officials and important organizations have come together to organize a humanitarian relief effort that will take place on Saturday, January 18 at Southern Boulevard and Aldus Street in the Bronx from 12 to 5 p.m. For more info, contact Leila Martinez at 718-792-1140.

Jamelle Bouie is one of my favorites of the new crop of opinion columnists at The New York Times. Every column that man does bristles with intensity, intelligence and purpose. He does not mince words and clearly and forcefully gets his point across. Case in point: His latest column entitled The Trump We Did Not Want to See, which succinctly delineates the nonsense that got us into this mess in the first place. He accurately describes Tyrant Trump as “an amoral narcissist with no capacity for reflection or personal growth.” Here is another excerpt from the piece: “He is self-involved, unethical and unstable — a dangerous combination to have for the commander-in-chief of the world’s most powerful military forces, under pressure

from impeachment and a re-election campaign.” Truer words have never been spoken.

PIX 11 News came Uptown recently for the Washington Heights town hall on the disturbing rise of anti-Semitism. An encouraging sign is that many that attended were not Jewish but were concerned and terrified for their neighbors nonetheless. Solidarity is the only way forward.

How do you feel about hookahs? One of our readers absolutely abhors them. Please read that funny and provocative take in our Letters To The Editor section.

Our #TBT post goes to @tdoteric for an epic pic of Tupac Shakur spreading that Uptown Love in Harlem in 1994. Folks forget that Tupac was born in Harlem in 1971. Our Uptown Tweet of the Week is a really cool video of the fog that enveloped the city recently.

Keep checking us out at www.uptowncollective.com.

Led BlackEditor-in-ChiefThe Uptown Collective

The UC’s mission is to become “the” definitive, transformative and community-based force impacting the arts, culture, business and New York City’s overall perception of Upper Manhattan. Its objective is to reset, reboot and positively redefine Uptown’s artistic, political, cultural and business spheres via the online space as well the collective’s initiatives and functions.

Jan 6 – Jan 11

A Sorel Soirée Head to Castle Village on Thurs., Jan. 30th

at 7:30 p.m. for a screening of It’s Nice Work If You Can Get It, a short film about artist Edward Sorel’s life and career, followed by a live conversation with Sorel.

The American illustrator, caricaturist, cartoonist, graphic designer and author is known for topical work that is focused on storytelling and social commentary. Formerly a regular contributor to The Nation, New York Magazine and The Atlantic, his work is today seen more frequently in Vanity Fair. The film will be screened at Castle Village Annex Community Room located at 110 Cabrini Boulevard.

For more information, please visit bit.ly/35H9WED.

Una velada SorelDiríjase a Castle Village el jueves 30 de

enero a las 7:30 p.m. para una proyección de It’s Nice Work If You Can Get It, un cortometraje sobre la vida y carrera del artista Edward Sorel, seguido de una conversación en vivo con Sorel. El ilustrador, caricaturista, dibujante de cómics, diseñador gráfico y autor estadounidense es conocido por su trabajo temático centrado en la narración de historias y los comentarios sociales. Anteriormente colaborador habitual de The Nation, New York Magazine y The Atlantic, su trabajo se ve hoy con más frecuencia en Vanity Fair. La película se proyectará en la sala comunitaria del Anexo Castle Village ubicado en el No. 110 del bulevar Cabrini.

Para obtener más información, por favor visite bit.ly/35H9WED.

Harlem MLK CelebrationOn Mon., Jan. 20th the Boys & Girls

Club of Harlem will present a community celebration centered on the theme of “The Power of Service” in honor of Martin Luther King Day. Join students, families, educators,

and artists as all seek to honor King’s legacy by strengthening awareness of service and mobilizing action steps to improve the community. This celebration will take place at The Boys and Girls Club of Harlem located at 521 West 145th Street.

For more information, please visit bgcharlem.org.

Celebración de Harlem de MLKEl lunes 20 de enero, el Club Boys &

Girls de Harlem presentará una celebración comunitaria centrada en el tema “El poder del servicio” en honor al Día de Martin Luther King. Únase a estudiantes, familias, educadores y artistas, mientras buscan honrar el legado de King fortaleciendo la conciencia del servicio y movilizando medidas de acción para mejorar la comunidad. Esta celebración tendrá lugar en el Club Boys & Girls de Harlem, ubicado en el No. 521 de la calle 145 oeste.

Para obtener más información, por favor visite bgcharlem.org.

Annual Black Comic Book FestivalThe Schomburg Center for Research in

Black Culture invites comic book fans of all ages to participate in its 8th Annual Black Comic Book Festival. Held over two days on Fri., Jan. 17th from 10:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. and on Sat., Jan. 18th from 10:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., the festival brings creators, illustrators, writers, and independent publishers together with thousands of collectors and fans. This free community event includes interactive panel discussions, a vendor marketplace featuring exclusive titles by Black creators, a cosplay show, and more. Participants are encouraged to wear their favorite cosplay costumes and to register on-site for the annual cosplay show. All are also invited to contribute to the Schomburg Center’s growing collection of Black independent comic books

by bringing single copies of old or new titles from their home collection. All donations will become a part of the Schomburg’s growing archive documenting Black comix and the Black speculative arts movement. The center is located at 515 Malcolm X Boulevard.

For more information, please visit bit.ly/30dGkxh.

Festival anual del cómic negroEl Centro Schomburg para la Investigación

de la Cultura Negra invita a los fanáticos de los cómics de todas las edades a participar en su

8º Festival Anual de Cómics Negros. Se celebra durante dos días: el viernes 17 de enero de 10:00 a.m. a 8:00 p.m. y el sábado 18 de enero de 10:00 a.m. a 8:00 p.m., el festival reúne a creadores, ilustradores, escritores y editores independientes junto con miles de coleccionistas y fanáticos. Este evento comunitario gratuito incluye mesas redondas interactivas, un mercado de proveedores con títulos exclusivos de creadores negros, un espectáculo de cosplay y más. Se alienta a los participantes a usar sus

Show off your super powers.

Presuman sus super poderes.

Eche una mano.

Pitch in.

Edward Sorel.

Edward Sorel.

Page 6: ODOS LOS MIERCOLES Confidence Count · organ, including 10,000 New Yorkers. Angie Tempio received a new heart in July 2019. The 25-year-old previously suffered from cardiomyopathy,

6 JANUARY 15, 2020 • MANHATTAN TIMES • www.manhattantimesnews.com

[email protected]

FOUNDERS/PUBLISHERS

Roberto Ramírez Sr.Luís A. Miranda Jr. Chamber of Commerce of

Washington Heights and Inwood

www.manhattantimesnews.com5030 Broadway, Suite 807

New York, NY 10034 T: 212-569-5800 F: 212-544-9545

MEMBER:

EDITORDebralee Santos

EDITORIAL STAFFGregg McQueenAdrian Cabreja

PRODUCTION Ramon PeraltaErik Febrillet

OFFICE MANAGERJennifer Saldaña

TRANSLATORSYamilla MirandaVerónica Cruz

By Diane Arevalo, Ricardo Herrera and Mayerling Lantigua

On December 31, we joined Mayor de Blasio to drop the

New Year’s Eve ball to begin a new decade, broadcast live to millions around the world.

Our Environmental Science teacher, Dr. Jared Fox — a recipient of the 2019 Sloan Teaching Award presented by the Fund for the City of New York — stood with us. We were invited because of our work addressing climate change and environmental injustice.

When we stood on stage, we were both nervous and proud. We thought of our lives and our families; how none of our parents attended college or, for some of them, even high school or middle school. Nonetheless, there we were, preparing to drop the Waterford Crystal Ball and ring in 2020, the year we will graduate from high school and enroll in college.

We never thought it was possible to have these opportunities, yet we have pride in knowing that we represent those from Latinx backgrounds who have had to overcome so much to make their voices heard.

At the Washington Heights Expeditionary

Learning School (WHEELS), a NYC Outward Bound School that serves pre-K-12 students in upper Manhattan, we have launched a project called the Clean Air Green Corridor. Our vision is to transform 182nd Street from Amsterdam Avenue to Broadway, providing thousands access to Highbridge Park. The park is often overlooked and underutilized, but nonetheless, is an essential ribbon of green space on the perimeter of our neighborhood. The Clean Air Green Corridor will serve

as a link to this “Anchor Park” currently riddled with homeless encampments and individuals struggling with opioid addiction. Along our newly envisioned Corridor, trees and plants will purify the air, provide shade, and combat the effects of an urban heat island. Besides our own,

there are five other schools that we hope will join us to help form this passageway to our local park.

Our current efforts were inspired by a one-week elective course called

“Restoring Highbridge,” taught by our teachers Dr. Fox and Mr. Erick Espin. In this course, we learned about the history and importance of the green space around us.

We learned why a highway was placed near our community, about the

devolution of Highbridge Park during the 20th century as roads, bridges and neglect

Hope for the Decade

Por Diane Arévalo, Ricardo Herrera y Mayerling Lantigua

El 31 de diciembre, nos unimos al alcalde de Blasio para lanzar el baile

de Nochevieja para comenzar una nueva década, transmitida en vivo a millones de personas en todo el mundo.

Nuestro maestro de Ciencias Ambientales, el Dr. Jared Fox, ganador del Premio de Enseñanza Sloan 2019 presentado por el Fondo para la Ciudad de Nueva York, estuvo con nosotros. Fuimos invitados por nuestro trabajo para enfrentar el cambio climático y la injusticia ambiental.

Cuando nos paramos en el escenario, estábamos nerviosos y orgullosos. Pensamos en nuestras vidas y en nuestras familias; en cómo ninguno de nuestros padres asistió a la universidad o, para algunos de ellos, ni a la secundaria ni a la preparatoria. No obstante, ahí estábamos, preparándonos para soltar la bola de cristal de Waterford y sonar en 2020, el año en que nos graduaremos de la preparatoria y nos inscribiremos en la universidad.

Nunca pensamos que fuera posible tener estas oportunidades, sin embargo, nos enorgullece saber que representamos a personas de orígenes latinxs que han tenido que superar tanto para hacer oír su voz.

En la Escuela de Aprendizaje Expedicionario de Washington Heights (WHEELS), una escuela

Esperanza para la décadaOutward Bound School de Nueva York que atiende a estudiantes de los grados pre-K al 12 en el alto Manhattan, hemos lanzado un proyecto llamado Corredor Verde de Aire Limpio. Nuestra visión es transformar la calle 182 desde la avenida Ámsterdam hasta Broadway, proporcionando miles de acceso a Highbridge Park. El parque a menudo es ignorado y poco utilizado, pero, no obstante, es una cinta esencial de espacios verdes en el perímetro de nuestro vecindario. El Corredor Verde de Aire Limpio servirá como un enlace a este “Parque Ancla” actualmente plagado de campamentos para personas sin hogar y personas que luchan contra la adicción a los opiáceos. A lo largo de nuestro Corredor recientemente imaginado, los árboles y las plantas purificarán el aire, proporcionarán sombra y combatirán los efectos de una isla de calor urbana. Además de la nuestra, hay otras cinco escuelas que esperamos se unan a nosotros para ayudarnos a formar este pasaje a nuestro parque local.

Nuestros esfuerzos actuales se inspiraron en un curso electivo de una semana llamado Restauración de Highbridge, impartido por nuestros maestros, el Dr. Fox y el Sr. Erick Espin. En este curso, aprendimos sobre la historia y la importancia del espacio verde que nos rodea. Aprendimos por qué se colocó una autopista cerca de nuestra comunidad, sobre la devolución de Highbridge Park durante el siglo XX, ya que las carreteras, los puentes y el abandono

See CLIMATE p14

Vea CLIMÁTICA p14

Our Vision for Climate Justice

Nuestra visión para la justicia climáticaThe WHEELS students took part in the New Year’s Eve celebration at Times Square.

La escuela atiende a estudiantes de pre-K-12.

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JANUARY 15, 2020 • MANHATTAN TIMES • www.manhattantimesnews.com 7

Page 8: ODOS LOS MIERCOLES Confidence Count · organ, including 10,000 New Yorkers. Angie Tempio received a new heart in July 2019. The 25-year-old previously suffered from cardiomyopathy,

8 JANUARY 15, 2020 • MANHATTAN TIMES • www.manhattantimesnews.com

See REVENGE p18

By Kathleen M. Pike

History also makes it eminently clear that revenge

exacts a heavy toll – on us as nations and as individuals. So why do we do it? What is the psychology of revenge? And what are some lessons for today?

1. The psychology of revenge. At its core, revenge is about inflicting hurt or harm on someone to achieve retribution for perceived personal injury or wrong suffered. As much as we hate to admit it, revenge is one of those intense feelings that comes up for every single human being. We have all had the experience of relishing the fantasy of turning the tables on someone who has badly hurt us. Neuroscience research shows that revenge can be mapped in the brain. In studies of revenge, when individuals are wronged and then invited to imagine their revenge, the caudate nucleus, known to process rewards in the brain, is activated. Yes, the human brain can take pleasure in just imagining revenge. But the positive effects are fleeting and bittersweet at best.

2. Evolutionary underpinnings of revenge. University of Miami psychology professor Michael McCullough explains

that the impulse for revenge evolved to deter harming someone in the future after that individual has already imposed harm on us in the first place. According to McCullough, the primary goal of revenge is to signal a message that will change people's incentive to harm us. When we exact revenge, our wrongdoer will learn that their strategy is not working and will leave us alone. It is likely that our ancestry as small nomadic groups contributed to this

ingroup-outgroup mentality of human social functioning. Identifying with other members of our ingroup makes us naturally suspicious of the stranger. This evolutionary history makes revenge more explicable and even makes reconciliation and compromise appear misguided and dangerous.

3. Honor cultures and revenge. Honor cultures are characterized by exhibiting revenge in response to perceived insults and threats, often through violence, even when it is very dangerous to do so. Gangs are an example of honor cultures. Members seek to

restore their honor and continue to fight to defend their pride even as threats escalate. From a psychological perspective, this can be confusing: why would people choose to compromise their safety and possessions for their reputation? Dr. Todd Shackelford found that cultures

of honor develop in contexts where material resources are scarce and institutions are weak. This leads people to most value their reputation, as they believe it will promote

RevengeRevenge

Vea VENGANZA p18

Por Kathleen M. Pike

La historia también deja en claro que la venganza tiene un alto costo

para nosotros como naciones y como individuos. ¿Entonces por qué lo hacemos? ¿Qué es la psicología de la venganza? y, ¿cuáles son algunas lecciones para hoy?

1. La psicología de la venganza. En esencia,

la venganza se trata de infligir daño o lastimar a alguien para lograr una retribución por la lesión personal percibida o el mal sufrido. Por mucho que odiemos admitirlo, la venganza es uno de esos sentimientos intensos que surgen para cada ser humano. Todos hemos tenido la experiencia de disfrutar la fantasía de dar de su propia medicina a alguien que nos ha lastimado gravemente. La investigación en neurociencia muestra que la venganza se puede mapear en el cerebro. En los estudios de venganza,

VenganzaVenganza

Revenge is an intense feeling.

University of Miami psychology professor Michael McCullough.

Los efectos positivos de la venganza son fugaces.

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JANUARY 15, 2020 • MANHATTAN TIMES • www.manhattantimesnews.com 9

Vea ESCLAVOS p17

See SLAVE p17

By Gregg McQueen

It was the uprising after Christmas.

A group of enslaved African men rebelled against their masters on December 26, 1521 at a sugar plantation located in what is today San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic.

The African Blacks burned down a plantation owned by Diego Colón, the son of Christopher Columbus, killing and wounding numerous colonists.

A new research paper, published by the Dominican Studies Institute (DSI) at the City University of New York (CUNY), details the little-known historical facts of the slave revolt – and its early presence in the Dominican Republic.

“It was the earliest anti-slavery rebellion on record,” explained historian Anthony Stevens-Acevedo, who led the DSI study.

“In response, the Spanish authorities

issued laws to punish the rebels and prevent Black people from attempting to rise up again for their freedom,” he said.

Spanish authorities in Hispaniola, the first colony established by Europeans in the region were importing Black Africans and enslaving them, Stevens-Acevedo said. They were used to perform the physical labor needed at the sugar plantations that fueled Hispaniola’s

economy.“That’s part of the legacy

of the Dominican Republic – there was slavery,” said Stevens-Acevedo, one of the founding members of DSI, where he served as Assistant Director before retiring last summer. “This is not a period that has not been researched enough. The whole issue of slavery has not been given much attention in the past. Publishing this study is an important way of helping

to expand public knowledge.”To complete the study, Stevens-Acevedo

spent several years pouring over historical texts, including a rare set of ordinances from January 1522 issued by Colón to address the

slave uprising. The document was the first to clarify the date of the rebellion – which was thought by scholars to have occurred a year later – as 1521. It also clearly connected the ordinances with the uprising, Stevens-Acevedo stated.

“At the time it was a revelation,” he added. “We were very excited about this document. It was very obvious that the laws were

Por Gregg McQueen

Fue el levantamiento después de Navidad.

Un grupo de hombres africanos esclavizados se rebeló contra sus amos el 26 de diciembre de 1521 en una plantación de azúcar ubicada en lo que hoy es San Cristóbal, República Dominicana.

Los negros africanos incendiaron una plantación propiedad de Diego Colón, hijo de Cristóbal Colón, matando e hiriendo a numerosos colonos.

issued as a response to the uprising,” who translated the text to English for publication by DSI.

Stevens-Acevedo described the process as arduous. “It is a challenge to decipher the handwriting of the time, and the nuances of the phrases,” he said.

Un nuevo trabajo de investigación, publicado por el Instituto de Estudios Dominicanos (DSI, por sus siglas en inglés) en la City University de Nueva York (CUNY), detalla los hechos históricos poco conocidos de la revuelta de los esclavos, y su temprana presencia en la República Dominicana.

“Fue la primera rebelión registrada contra la esclavitud”, explicó el historiador Anthony Stevens-Acevedo, quien dirigió el estudio del DSI.

“En respuesta, las autoridades españolas emitieron leyes para castigar a los rebeldes

Rebel ResearchNew study spotlights historic slave

rebellion in Dominican Republic

The Santo Domingo Slave Revolt of 1521 and the Slave Laws of 1522: Black Slavery and Black Resistance in the Early Colonial Americas

Anthony Stevens-Acevedo

The Santo Domingo Slave Revolt of 1521and the Slave Laws of 1522: Black Slavery and Black Resistancein the Early Colonial Americas

(Sources for a Quincentennial)

Anthony Stevens-Acevedo

Research Monograph

The remains of a sugar plantation on Rio Nigua, the same river where Diego Colón’s plantation was located.

“It was the earliest anti-slavery rebellion on record,” said historian Anthony Stevens-Acevedo.

Investigación de rebeldíaNuevo estudio destaca rebelión histórica

de esclavos en República Dominicana

El estudio revela hechos históricos poco conocidos de la revuelta de los esclavos.

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10 JANUARY 15, 2020 • MANHATTAN TIMES • www.manhattantimesnews.com

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JANUARY 15, 2020 • MANHATTAN TIMES • www.manhattantimesnews.com 11

See CENSUS p19

Vea CENSO p19

By Gregg McQueen

It’s all about trust.

In order to bolster response rates for the 2020 Census, the city has kicked off the Complete Count Campaign, an initiative that includes the City University of New York (CUNY), City Council, labor unions, public libraries, and over 150 community-based organizations.

“Your community trusts you. You know your community and your community knows you,” said Mayor Bill de Blasio. “This is all that we need, the ability to go out to the people, make our voices heard, make sure they are counted. But it will only happen if you, every single one of you, puts your heart and soul into this crucial mission.”

The $40 million effort is designed to achieve a full and accurate count of New Yorkers in the upcoming survey and features $23 million allotted toward outreach by training community-based organizations to engage people about the Census.

Por Gregg McQueen

Se trata de confianza.

Con el fin de aumentar las tasas de respuesta para el Censo 2020, la ciudad inició la Campaña Complete Count (Conteo Comoleto, en español), una iniciativa que incluye la City University de Nueva York (CUNY), el Ayuntamiento, los sindicatos, las bibliotecas públicas y más de 150 comunidades y organizaciones.

“Su comunidad confía en ustedes. ConoceN a su comunidad y su comunidad los conoce”, dijo el alcalde Bill de Blasio. “Esto es todo lo que necesitamos, la capacidad de salir con la gente, hacer que se escuchen nuestras voces, asegurarnos de que sean contados. Pero solo sucederá si ustedes, cada uno de ustedes, ponen su corazón y alma en esta misión crucial”.

El esfuerzo de $40 millones de dólares está diseñado para lograr un recuento completo y preciso de los neoyorquinos en la próxima encuesta y cuenta con $23 millones de

In a packed auditorium at New York University on Tues., Jan. 14th, de Blasio stressed the importance of the organizations involved.

“Every single one of you can make a huge difference,” he added. New Yorkers can begin completing the survey online on March 12.

CUNY will aid in administering funds and in deploying over 200 students to conduct outreach.

dólares destinados a la divulgación mediante la capacitación de organizaciones comunitarias para involucrar a las personas sobre el Censo.

En un auditorio abarrotado en la Universidad de Nueva York el martes 14 de enero, de Blasio enfatizó la importancia de las organizaciones involucradas.

“Cada una de ustedes puede hacer una gran diferencia”, agregó.

Los neoyorquinos pueden comenzar a completar la encuesta en línea el 12 de marzo.

CUNY ayudará en la administración de fondos y en el despliegue de 230 estudiantes para realizar actividades de divulgación.

Lurie Daniel Favors, abogada general del Centro de Derecho y Justicia Social del Medgar Evers College, instó a los neoyorquinos a comunicar el censo “a sus vecindarios, a sus cuadras, a sus peluquerías, sus iglesias, sus mezquitas, sus templos, cada espacio donde tengan influencia y donde tengan amigos,

Lurie Daniel Favors, General Counsel for the Center for Law and Social Justice at Medgar Evers College, urged New Yorkers to bring word about the Census “into your neighborhoods, into your blocks, into your

hair salons, your churches, your mosques, your temples, every space where you have influence and where you have friends and family and people that you care about.”

“Helping New Yorkers to achieve a fair

familiares y personas que les importan”.

“Ayudar a los neoyorquinos a lograr un conteo justo y exacto del Censo es una tarea sumamente importante, y la City University de Nueva York está en una posición única para ayudar a lograrlo”, dijo el canciller de CUNY, Félix V. Matos Rodríguez. “Los estudiantes de CUNY están listos para aventurarse en los vecindarios más difíciles de contar y garantizar que las personas que viven en esas comunidades, y que con demasiada frecuencia son ignoradas, sean reconocidas y contadas”.

Para garantizar que su mensaje del Censo llegue a su público objetivo de comunidades de inmigrantes en áreas difíciles de contar, la ciudad gastará $3 millones de dólares en anuncios en medios comunitarios y étnicos, dijo Julie Menin,

and accurate Census count is a critically important task, and one that the City University of New York is uniquely positioned to help achieve,” said Chancellor Félix V. Matos Rodríguez. “CUNY students are ready to venture into the hardest-to-count neighborhoods and ensure that the people who live in those communities, and who all too often are overlooked, are acknowledged and counted.”

To ensure its Census message reaches its target audience of immigrant communities in hard-to-count areas, the city will spend $3 million to advertise in community and ethnic media outlets, said NYC Census 2020 Director Julie Menin.

“This is the largest investment the city has ever made in community and ethnic and digital advertising,” Menin said.

Advertising will be conducted in “a minimum of 16 different languages,” she added.

The U.S. Census Bureau is currently estimating that the New York area’s self-response rate could be as low as 58 percent in 2020.

De Blasio stressed that a 2020 Census undercount could lead New York to lose Congressional seats, and also billions of dollars in funding for essential programs.

He accused the Trump administration of manipulating the 2020 Census process to scare immigrants away from participating.

“The way Washington set it up was to try to defeat you, to try to deny you, to try to ignore you,” he remarked.

“If there’s an undercount, it’s going to come in communities where there are a

directora del Censo 2020 de la ciudad de Nueva York.

“Esta es la inversión más grande que la ciudad ha hecho en publicidad comunitaria, étnica y digital”, dijo Menin.

La publicidad se realizará en “un mínimo de 16 idiomas diferentes”, agregó.

La Oficina del Censo de los Estados Unidos estima actualmente que la tasa de auto-respuesta del área de Nueva York podría ser tan baja como del 58 por ciento en 2020.

De Blasio enfatizó que un conteo insuficiente del Censo 2020 podría llevar a Nueva York a perder escaños en el

Congreso, y también miles de millones de dólares en fondos para programas esenciales.

Acusó al gobierno de Trump de manipular el proceso del Censo 2020 para ahuyentar a los

Confidence Count

City kicks off census outreach campaign

The campaign kickoff.

Conteo de confianzaLa ciudad inicia

campaña de alcance del censo

“Llevaremos [conciencia] a cada una de nuestras clínicas”, dijo el Dr. Yomaris Peña, un proveedor de SOMOS.

Los voluntarios se alistarán para la divulgación.

“El Censo es confidencial”, dijo la directora del Censo 2020 de Nueva York, Julie Menin.

Page 12: ODOS LOS MIERCOLES Confidence Count · organ, including 10,000 New Yorkers. Angie Tempio received a new heart in July 2019. The 25-year-old previously suffered from cardiomyopathy,

12 JANUARY 15, 2020 • MANHATTAN TIMES • www.manhattantimesnews.com

Page 13: ODOS LOS MIERCOLES Confidence Count · organ, including 10,000 New Yorkers. Angie Tempio received a new heart in July 2019. The 25-year-old previously suffered from cardiomyopathy,

JANUARY 15, 2020 • MANHATTAN TIMES • www.manhattantimesnews.com 13

El Alto Manhattan está dando.

Un número récord de neoyorquinos se convirtieron en donantes de órganos el año pasado, de acuerdo con LiveOnNY, organización de obtención de órganos designada federalmente.

Solo en el norte de Manhattan, se realizaron 20 donaciones de órganos en 2019.

Durante 2019, 341 donantes en el estado proporcionaron órganos como corazones, pulmones, hígados y riñones para ayudar a salvar casi 1,000 vidas, dijo LiveOnNY.

El número de donantes en Nueva York aumentó un 10 por ciento desde 2018.

Actualmente, 113,000 adultos y niños en todo el país esperan recibir un órgano que les salve la vida, incluidos 10,000 neoyorquinos.

Angie Tempio recibió un nuevo corazón en julio de 2019. La joven de 25 años sufría previamente de miocardiopatía, que amenazaba su vida.

“Estoy muy agradecida con mi donante por darme una segunda oportunidad en la vida”, dijo. “Este corazón me ha dado la oportunidad de algún día tener un hijo propio, tener una carrera y ahora hacer las pequeñas cosas que todos los demás dan por sentado, como subir

las escaleras”.Fundada en 1978, LiveOnNY ha ayudado a

obtener más de 23,000 donaciones de órganos. La organización sin fines de lucro trabaja en estrecha colaboración con 11 centros de trasplantes, casi 100 hospitales y varios bancos de tejidos y ojos.

“El año pasado, más neoyorquinos tuvieron una segunda oportunidad de vida gracias a nuestros cirujanos de trasplantes de renombre mundial, los equipos de cuidado crítico de los hospitales y el incansable y compasivo personal de LiveOnNY que trabaja las 24 horas del día los 365 días del año para hacer el regalo de vida posible”, dijo Lee H. Perlman, presidente de la junta directiva de LiveOnNY. “Nuestra comunidad

de trasplantes hizo un progreso impresionante y ese impulso continuará. Pero no importa cuán alentadores puedan ser estos logros, tenemos el compromiso de brindar el regalo de la vida a todos los neoyorquinos que aun están en la lista de espera, y ese seguirá siendo nuestro enfoque principal, en 2020 y en los años venideros”.

LiveOnNY ha visto un aumento del 55 por ciento en el número de donantes de órganos y de órganos trasplantados desde 2015.

Algo de eso se atribuye a que más neoyorquinos dicen “sí” a la donación de órganos en sus licencias de conducir al inscribirse en el registro de donantes del estado.

Actualmente, a los neoyorquinos se les pregunta si desean registrarse como donantes

de órganos cuando obtienen un permiso o licencia de conducir, una tarjeta IDNYC, una identificación de no conductor o si se inscriben para votar.

“Estamos comprometidos con salvar más vidas en 2020 y aprovechar los avances que hemos logrado en los últimos cinco años”, dijo Helen Irving, presidenta y directora general de LiveOnNY. “Nuestro personal y nuestros socios hospitalarios y comunitarios están trabajando arduamente para el día en que la lista de espera sea cero. Ese es nuestro compromiso con la gente de Nueva York”.

Para obtener más información, por favor

visite LiveOnNY.org.

Vivir en grandeVivir en grandeLas donaciones de órganos salvaron

casi 1,000 vidas en 2019

Ha habido un aumento del 55 por ciento en el número de donantes de órganos.

Helen Irving, presidenta y directora general de LiveOnNY.

Fue una nueva marca para el abono.

Un récord de 48,230 árboles fueron recolectados durante el Mulchfest 2020, de acuerdo con NYC Parks.

Celebrado cada año durante la temporada de

fiestas, el Mulchfest alienta a los neoyorquinos a reciclar sus árboles de Navidad llevándolos a un sitio de recolección para convertirlos en abono que se puede usar para jardinería y aumentar la fertilidad del suelo.

El abono mantiene la salud de los árboles

Más de 48,000 árboles recolectados durante el MulchFest

Copas de los árbolesCopas de los árbolesy las plantas al disuadir las malezas, retener la humedad, evitar la compactación, agregar nutrientes al suelo y mantener las raíces calientes.

El total de la recolección de este año rompe el récord anterior de 30,226 árboles en 2014.

“Me complace anunciar que los residentes de nuestra ciudad han ido más allá como administradores urbanos este año, estableciendo un nuevo récord de reciclaje en el Mulchfest 2020”, dijo el comisionado de Parques de Nueva York, Mitchell J. Silver, FAICP. “Me gustaría agradecer a nuestros socios en el Departamento de Limpieza y Recolección de Basura, así como a todas las personas que participaron en este evento, por hacer su parte para hacer que nuestra ciudad sea aún más sostenible”.

El Mulchfest 2020 funcionó del 26 de diciembre

al 11 de enero en 67 sitios de entrega total, incluyendo parques y jardines Green Thumb, en los cinco condados.

En 32 lugares de astillado, los participantes podían ver cómo se astillaba su árbol y llevarse a casa una bolsa de abono gratis. Durante más de 20 años, Parks y el Departamento de Limpieza y Recolección de Basura (DSNY, por sus siglas en inglés) han recolectado y cubierto árboles para ayudar a plantar camas y jardines comunitarios en la ciudad.

Si el tiempo lo permite, DSNY llevará a cabo recolección de árboles de Navidad en la acera para convertirlos en abono y reciclaje hasta el viernes 17 de enero.

Para obtener más información, vaya a nyc.gov/parks/mulchfest.

El total de la recolección de este año rompe el récord anterior de 30,226 árboles en 2014.

Las recolecciones continuarán.

Page 14: ODOS LOS MIERCOLES Confidence Count · organ, including 10,000 New Yorkers. Angie Tempio received a new heart in July 2019. The 25-year-old previously suffered from cardiomyopathy,

14 JANUARY 15, 2020 • MANHATTAN TIMES • www.manhattantimesnews.com

CLIMATE from p6

CLIMÁTICA de p6

minimized our community’s access to the park and waterfront.

We worked closely with Friends of WHEELS, our school’s nonprofit partner that leads college access, success and leadership development, to develop this idea into an initiative and mobilize our community. We have received support from our local elected officials and many community partners. Thanks to their belief in our project, we have already redesigned our school gardens and beautified our block. However, we are only just getting started. One day, we hope to pedestrianize 182nd Street and extend our greening efforts across Washington Heights. On New Year’s Eve, we were honored to have the opportunity to welcome the new decade and be recognized for our work as climate activists. When we walked out of our school for the Global Climate Strike in September, we marched for Washington Heights and for the Clean Air Green Corridor. We marched to represent low-income communities of color like ours, which are often most affected by environmental and climate injustice. We believe that disinvestment in our communities has been normalized, and that students are taught that it’s ok to walk by drug use, unsanitary blocks with no green space, and pervasive and depressing monotone cement.

Gentrification is real and may be encroaching on our neighborhood, but this is our community.

We want to make it healthier and more beautiful for us —and not be pushed out in the process. We crave the opportunity to play

minimizaban el acceso de nuestra comunidad al parque y al paseo marítimo.

Trabajamos en estrecha colaboración con Amigos de WHEELS, el socio sin fines de lucro de nuestra escuela que lidera el acceso a la universidad, el éxito y el desarrollo de liderazgo, para desarrollar esta idea en una iniciativa y movilizar a nuestra comunidad. Hemos recibido el apoyo de nuestros funcionarios electos y muchos socios de la comunidad. Gracias a su creencia en nuestro proyecto, ya hemos rediseñado nuestros jardines escolares y embellecido nuestra manzana. Sin embargo, apenas estamos comenzando. Un día, esperamos peatonalizar la calle 182 y extender nuestros esfuerzos

ecológicos a través de Washington Heights.En la víspera de Año Nuevo, tuvimos el honor

y la oportunidad de dar la bienvenida a la nueva década y ser reconocidos por nuestra labor como activistas climáticos. Cuando salimos de nuestra escuela para la Global Climate Strike en septiembre, marchamos hacia Washington Heights y por el Corredor Verde de Aire Limpio. Marchamos para representar a las comunidades de color de bajos ingresos como la nuestra, que a menudo son las más afectadas por la injusticia ambiental y climática. Creemos que la desinversión en nuestras comunidades se ha normalizado, y que a los estudiantes se les enseña que está bien caminar junto a usuarios de drogas, manzanas insalubres sin espacios verdes y cemento monótono penetrante y deprimente.

El aburguesamiento es real y puede estar invadiendo nuestro vecindario, pero esta es nuestra comunidad.

Queremos que sea más saludable y más hermosa para nosotros, y no ser expulsados en el proceso. Anhelamos la oportunidad de desempeñar un papel activo en las soluciones climáticas y ser parte del movimiento climático dirigido por los jóvenes. Creemos que iniciativas como el Corredor Verde de Aire Limpio deberían recibir el apoyo y los fondos necesarios para una implementación completa porque nosotros y estudiantes como nosotros estamos listos para crear un mundo mejor.

Diane Arévalo, Ricardo Herrera y Mayerling Lantigua son todos estudiantes de último año en la Escuela de Aprendizaje Expedicionario de Washington Heights (WHEELS, por sus siglas en inglés). WHEELS se encuentra en el No. 511 de la calle 182 oeste, Nueva York, NY 10033. Para más información, por favor visite mywheelsnyc.net.

an active role in climate solutions and be a part of the youth-led climate movement. We

believe initiatives like the Clean Air Green Corridor should receive the support and funding necessary for full implementation because we and students like us are ready to create a better world.

Diane Arevalo, Ricardo Herrera and Mayerling Lantigua are all seniors at the Washington Heights Expeditionary Learning School (WHEELS). WHEELS is located at 511 West 182nd Street, New York, NY 10033. For more, please visit mywheelsnyc.net.

The school has been honored by the Obamas.

La escuela ha sido honrada por la pareja Obama.

Page 15: ODOS LOS MIERCOLES Confidence Count · organ, including 10,000 New Yorkers. Angie Tempio received a new heart in July 2019. The 25-year-old previously suffered from cardiomyopathy,

JANUARY 15, 2020 • MANHATTAN TIMES • www.manhattantimesnews.com 15

COMMUNITY from p5

disfraces de cosplay favoritos y registrarse en el sitio para el espectáculo anual de cosplay. Todos también están invitados a contribuir a la creciente colección de cómics independientes negros del Centro Schomburg trayendo copias individuales de títulos antiguos o nuevos de su colección casera. Todas las donaciones se convertirán en parte del creciente archivo de Schomburg que documenta el cómic negro y el movimiento de artes especulativas negras. El centro está ubicado en el No. 515 del bulevar Malcolm X.

Para obtener más información, por favor visite bit.ly/30dGkxh.

Line Dance On Fri., Jan. 31st, join fellow community

members for an evening of line dancing. Participants will learn various dances such as the Wobble, Cupid Shuffle, and Electric Slide.

Work at your own pace and have fun. This dance is low impact and no prior experience is needed. The session will take place at Jackie Robinson Park Recreational Center located at 85 Bradhurst Avenue.

For more information, please visit on.nyc.gov/2R51vgX.

Baile en líneaEl viernes 31 de enero, únase a otros

miembros de la comunidad para una noche de baile en línea. Los participantes aprenderán varios bailes como el Wobble, Cupid Shuffle y Electric Slide. Trabaje a su propio ritmo y diviértase. Este baile es de bajo impacto y no se necesita experiencia previa. La sesión tendrá lugar en el Centro Recreativo del Jackie Robinson Park, ubicado en el No. 85 de la avenida Bradhurst.

Para obtener más información, por favor visite on.nyc.gov/2R51vgX.

Aprenda nuevos movimientos.Learn new moves.

Columbia University Irving Medical Center is seeking a Program Coordinator for the

interim Haven Plaza. For more information go to https://opportunities.columbia.edu/en-us/

job/505120/plaza-project-coordinator and search job requisition number 505120.

PROGRAM COORDINATORWANTED

ASP Alternate Side Parking Rules 2020 Suspension Calendar

New Years Day* Jan 1, Wed

Three Kings’ Day Jan 6, Mon

Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Birthday Jan 20, Mon

Lunar New Year’s Eve Jan 24, Fri

Lunar New Year Jan 25, Sat

Lincoln’s Birthday Feb 12, Wed

Washington’s Birthday (Pres. Day) Feb 17, Mon

Ash Wednesday Feb 26, Wed

Purim Mar 10, Tues

Holy Thursday Apr 9, Thurs

Passover (1st/2nd Days) Apr 9-10, Thurs-Fri

Good Friday Apr 10, Fri

Passover (7th/8th Days) Apr 15-16, Wed-Thurs

Holy Thursday (Orthodox) Apr 16, Thurs

Good Friday (Orthodox) Apr 17, Fri

Solemnity of the Ascension May 21, Thurs

Idul-Fitr (Eid Al-Fitr) May 24-26, Sun-Tues

Memorial Day* May 25, Mon

Shavuot (2 Days) May 29-30, Fri-Sat

Independence Day* July 3-4, Fri-Sat

Idul-Adha (Eid Al-Adha) July 30-Aug 1, Thurs-Sat

Feast of the Assumption Aug 15, Sat

Labor Day* Sept 7, Mon

Rosh Hashanah Sept 19-20, Sat-Sun

Yom Kippur Sept 28, Mon

Succoth (2 Days) Oct 3-4, Sat-Sun

Shemini Atzereth Oct 10, Sat

Simchas Torah Oct 11, Sun

Columbus Day Oct 12, Mon

All Saints Day Nov 1, Sun

Election Day Nov 3, Tues

Veterans Day Nov 11, Wed

Diwali Nov 14, Sat

Thanksgiving Day* Nov 26, Thurs

Immaculate Conception Dec 8, Tues

Christmas Day* Dec 25, Fri

Information Alternate Side Parking Regulations may be suspended from time to time because of snow, inclement weather or other emergencies. Please visit our website at nyc.gov/dot or dial 311 for further information.

TTY Deaf or Hearing-Impaired, dial (212) 504-4115.

Did You Know? What’s in a name? Do you know the difference in the meaning of these parking signs?

NO STOPPING

NO STANDING

NO PARKING

Can I stop to drop off or pick up passengers?

No Yes Yes

Can I stop to load or unload a package, or merchandise at curbside?

No No Yes

Is waiting allowed? No No No

All of NYC was designated a Tow Away Zone under the State’s Vehicle & Traffic law in 1959. This means that any vehicle parked or operated illegally, or with missing or expired registration or inspection stickers may be towed.

On MAJOR LEGAL HOLIDAYS, stopping, standing and parking are permitted except in areas where stopping, standing and parking rules are in effect seven days a week (for example, “No Standing Anytime”). Accordingly, parking meters will not be in effect on major legal holidays.

Double-parking of passenger vehicles is illegal at all times, including street cleaning days, regardless of location, purpose or duration.

It is illegal to park within 15 feet of either side of a fire hydrant. Painted curbs at hydrant locations DO NOT indicate where you can park.

An occupied, illegally parked vehicle causes the same safety hazard and congestion as an unoccupied vehicle. Be responsible and park legally.

*Major Legal Holiday

Translated versions of this document are available by contacting 311 or by going to nyc.gov/dot or nyc.gov/dot/asprules

Page 16: ODOS LOS MIERCOLES Confidence Count · organ, including 10,000 New Yorkers. Angie Tempio received a new heart in July 2019. The 25-year-old previously suffered from cardiomyopathy,

16 JANUARY 15, 2020 • MANHATTAN TIMES • www.manhattantimesnews.com

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JANUARY 15, 2020 • MANHATTAN TIMES • www.manhattantimesnews.com 17

“It was something that needed to be done in English,” said DSI Director Dr. Ramona Hernández. “It increases the level of knowledge among a greater number of people. You have to be precise. That accuracy is important.”

According to the text, it was mandated that all slaves who attempted to flee their masters return within ten days under penalty of having “one foot be cut off from them as per the first time, and that for the second time… should die for it by hanging or by other type of crueler death.”

Slaves were also ordered to turn in

any weapons in their possession and were forbidden from visiting another property unless in the company of their masters.

Hernández said that academic scholars had largely ignored the 1521 slave rebellion in the past.

“It was difficult to find information on this rebellion. If you did, you would find one line and not any details,” she said. “But it set a precedent. There are no acts of slave rebellion in the Americas prior to this one.”

Stevens-Acevedo said he hoped the study would pique the interest of Dominicans seeking to learn more about their cultural history.

To mark the 500th anniversary of the slave uprising, DSI is planning to promote the research study.

“By 2021, we want to do some type of commemoration on this in New York City,” said Stevens-Acevedo. “It was a landmark, beginning of the slavery experience.”

Stevens-Acevedo remarked that he hoped to see more education on Dominican history and culture offered within New York schools. He said that DSI planned to perform outreach to public schools and universities such as CUNY and the State University of New York (SUNY).

“There are about 16,000 Dominican SUNY students, yet no courses on Dominican culture. Even at CUNY, where there are about 24,000 Dominican students, the course offerings are incredibly scant,” he said. “That’s something we’d like to see change, and we’d like the Institute to be at the forefront of that.”

For more information, visit www.ccny.cuny.edu/dsi.

“It set a precedent,” said DSI Director Dr. Ramona Hernández of the revolt.

SLAVE from p9

y evitar que los negros intentaran levantarse nuevamente por su libertad”, dijo.

Las autoridades españolas en La Española, la primera colonia establecida por los europeos en la región, importaban africanos negros y los esclavizaban, dijo Stevens-Acevedo. Eran utilizados para realizar el trabajo físico necesario en las plantaciones de azúcar que alimentaban la economía de La Española.

“Eso es parte del legado de la República Dominicana: hubo esclavitud”, dijo Stevens-Acevedo, uno de los miembros fundadores del DSI, donde se desempeñó como sub director antes de retirarse el verano pasado. “Este no es un período que no se haya investigado lo suficiente. Todo el tema de la esclavitud no ha recibido mucha atención en el pasado. Publicar este estudio es una forma importante de ayudar a ampliar el conocimiento público”. Para completar el estudio, Stevens-Acevedo pasó varios años revisando textos históricos, incluido un conjunto raro de ordenanzas de enero de 1522 emitidas por Colón para abordar el levantamiento de esclavos. El documento fue el primero en aclarar la fecha de la rebelión, que, según los estudiosos, ocurrió un año después, en 1521. También relacionó claramente las ordenanzas con el levantamiento, afirmó Stevens-Acevedo.

“En ese momento fue una revelación”, agregó. “Estábamos muy entusiasmados con este documento. Era muy obvio que las leyes se emitieron como respuesta al levantamiento”, quien tradujo el texto al inglés para su publicación por el DSI.

Stevens-Acevedo describió el proceso como arduo. “Es un desafío descifrar la letra de la época y los matices de las frases”, dijo.

“Era algo que debía hacerse en inglés”, dijo la directora del DSI, la Dra. Ramona Hernández. “Aumenta el nivel de conocimiento entre un mayor número de personas. Debes ser preciso. Esa precisión es importante”.

De acuerdo con el texto, se ordenó que todos los esclavos que intentaron huir de sus amos regresaran dentro de los diez días bajo pena de que se les cortara un pie la primera vez, y, por la segunda vez... murieran colgados o por otro tipo de muerte más cruel”.

También se ordenó a los esclavos entregar cualquier arma en su posesión y se les prohibió visitar otra propiedad

a menos que estuvieran en compañía de sus amos.

Hernández dijo que los académicos ignoraron en gran medida la rebelión de esclavos de 1521 en el pasado.

“Fue difícil encontrar información sobre esta rebelión. Si alguien lo lograba, era una línea y ningún detalle”, dijo. “Pero sentó un precedente. No hay actos de rebelión de esclavos en las Américas antes de este”.

Stevens-Acevedo dijo que esperaba que el estudio despierte el interés de los dominicanos que buscan aprender más sobre su historia cultural.

Para conmemorar el Aniversario 500 del levantamiento de esclavos, el DSI planea promover el estudio de investigación.

“Para 2021, queremos hacer algún tipo de conmemoración de esto en la ciudad de Nueva York”, dijo Stevens-Acevedo. “Fue un hito, el comienzo de la experiencia de la esclavitud”.

Stevens-Acevedo comentó que espera ver que se ofrezca más educación sobre la historia y cultura dominicanas en las escuelas de Nueva York. Dijo que el DSI planea contactar a escuelas públicas y universidades como CUNY y la Universidad Estatal de Nueva York (SUNY, por sus siglas en inglés).

“Hay alrededor de 16,000 estudiantes dominicanos de SUNY, pero no hay cursos sobre cultura dominicana. Incluso en CUNY, donde hay alrededor de 24,000 estudiantes dominicanos, la oferta de cursos es increíblemente escasa”, dijo. “Eso es algo que nos gustaría ver cambiar, y nos gustaría que el Instituto esté a la vanguardia de eso”.

Para obtener más información, por favor

visite www.ccny.cuny.edu/dsi.

ESCLAVOS de p9

La plantación era propiedad de Diego Colón, hijo de Cristóbal Colón.

“Este es un período que no se ha investigado lo suficiente”, señaló Stevens-Acevedo.

Una representación de lo que se conoce como el Palacio de Colón.

Page 18: ODOS LOS MIERCOLES Confidence Count · organ, including 10,000 New Yorkers. Angie Tempio received a new heart in July 2019. The 25-year-old previously suffered from cardiomyopathy,

18 JANUARY 15, 2020 • MANHATTAN TIMES • www.manhattantimesnews.com

cuando los individuos son perjudicados y luego invitados a imaginar su venganza, se activa el núcleo caudado, que se sabe que procesa recompensas en el cerebro. Sí, el cerebro humano puede disfrutar simplemente imaginando venganza. Pero los efectos positivos son fugaces, y agridulces, en el mejor de los casos.

2. Fundamentos evolutivos de venganza. Michael McCullough, profesor de psicología de la Universidad de Miami, explica que el impulso de venganza evolucionó para disuadir de dañar a alguien en el futuro después de que esa persona ya nos haya impuesto daño en primer lugar. Según McCullough, el objetivo principal de la venganza es señalar un mensaje que cambiará el incentivo de las personas para dañarnos. Cuando exigimos venganza, nuestro malhechor aprenderá que su estrategia no está funcionando y nos dejará en paz. Es probable que nuestra ascendencia como pequeños grupos nómadas haya contribuido a esta mentalidad de grupo social fuera del grupo del funcionamiento social humano. Identificarnos con otros miembros de nuestro grupo interno nos hace sospechar naturalmente del extraño. Esta historia evolutiva hace que la venganza sea más explicable e incluso hace que la reconciliación y el compromiso parezcan equivocados y peligrosos..

3. Culturas del honor y venganza. Las culturas del honor se caracterizan por mostrar venganza en respuesta a los insultos y amenazas percibidos, a menudo a través de la violencia, incluso cuando es muy peligroso hacerlo. Las pandillas son un ejemplo de culturas de honor. Los miembros buscan restaurar su honor y continúan luchando para defender su orgullo,

aun cuando las amenazas aumentan. Desde una perspectiva psicológica, esto puede ser confuso: ¿por qué las personas elegirían comprometer

su seguridad y sus posesiones por su reputación? El Dr. Todd Shackelford descubrió que las culturas de honor se desarrollan en contextos donde los recursos materiales son escasos y las instituciones son débiles. Esto lleva a las personas a valorar más su reputación, ya que creen que promoverá su posición en el

grupo y garantizará la seguridad a largo plazo. 4. Narcisismo y venganza. Aunque ser

vengativo no es un trastorno en sí mismo, las personas que tienen un alto grado de narcisismo tienen muchas más probabilidades de vengarse. La Dra. Leonie Grobbink y otros descubrieron que el grado de narcisismo de los individuos se correlaciona con una mayor propensión a vengarse. Según la teoría psicoanalítica, los traumas de la primera infancia son fundamentales para el desarrollo de las características narcisistas de la personalidad. La teoría cognitiva se centra en las distorsiones en nuestro pensamiento que contribuyen a sentirse amenazado. Cuando alguien con trastorno de personalidad narcisista se lesiona y se involucra en patrones de pensamiento defectuosos, tiene

their position in the group and ensure safety and security long-term.

4. Narcissism and revenge. Although being vengeful is not a disorder itself, people who have a high degree of narcissism are significantly more likely to engage in revenge. Dr. Leonie Grobbink and others found that the degree of narcissism of individuals is correlated with increased propensity to seek revenge. According to psychoanalytic theory, early childhood traumas are central to the development of narcissistic personality features. Cognitive theory focuses on distortions in our thinking that contribute to feeling threatened. When someone with narcissistic personality disorder is injured and engages in faulty patterns of thinking, they are at increased risk for experiencing feelings of revenge and acting on those desires to redress perceived wrongs. In fact, revenge is an intrapersonal phenomenon and the extent to which people need revenge has a certain degree of stability.

5. Revenge can be contagious. University of Maryland psychologist Michele Gelfand has studied the contagion of revenge – across people and time. When individuals identify with one another as being of the same group, an offense against one is an offense against everyone in the group. Conversely, outgroup members can be perceived as one and the same. If one member of the outgroup inflicts harm, all members of that same outgroup can be held accountable. Gelfand calls this identification and interchangeability of

people “entitativity.” In other words, I could respond to injuries that were inflicted on someone from my ingroup and seek revenge on the perpetrator or someone from their outgroup even though I have not directly been injured. Entitativity helps explain how conflicts can escalate quickly from the individual to the group level, even across

REVENGE from p8

VENGANZA de p8

generations.

There is no question that we do need to reckon with wrongdoing. But the psychological research on revenge would suggest that rising above the impulse of revenge to find other solutions offers at least the possibility of more lasting peace

un mayor riesgo de experimentar sentimientos de venganza y actuar de acuerdo con esos deseos de reparar los errores percibidos. De hecho, la venganza es un fenómeno intrapersonal y la medida en que las personas necesitan venganza tiene un cierto grado de estabilidad.

5. La venganza puede ser contagiosa. Michele Gelfand, psicóloga de la Universidad de Maryland, ha estudiado el contagio de la venganza, a través de las personas y el tiempo. Cuando los individuos se identifican entre sí como pertenecientes al mismo grupo, un delito contra uno es un delito contra todos en el grupo. Por el contrario, los miembros del grupo externo pueden ser percibidos como lo mismo. Si un miembro del grupo externo inflige daño, todos los miembros de ese mismo grupo externo pueden ser responsables. Gelfand llama a esta identificación e intercambiabilidad de personas "entitativity". En otras palabras, podría responder a las lesiones infligidas a alguien de mi grupo y buscar venganza contra el autor o alguien de su grupo externo a pesar de que no he sido herido directamente. La pasividad ayuda a explicar cómo los conflictos pueden escalar rápidamente desde el nivel individual al grupal, incluso a través de las generaciones.

No hay duda de que debemos tener en cuenta las irregularidades. Pero la investigación psicológica sobre la venganza sugeriría que superar el impulso de la venganza para encontrar otras soluciones ofrece al menos la posibilidad de una paz más duradera política y personalmente.

Kathleen M. Pike, PhD, es profesora de

Psicología y directora del Centro Mundial de Salud de la Universidad Columbia (CUMC, por sus siglas en inglés). Para obtener más información, por favor visite cugmhp.org o llame al 646.774.5308.

politically and personally.

Kathleen M. Pike, PhD is Professor of Psychology and Director of the Global Mental Health Program at the Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC). For more information, please visit cugmhp.org or call 646.774.5308.

University of Maryland psychologist Michele Gelfand.

La investigación en neurociencia muestra que la venganza se puede mapear en el cerebro.

Page 19: ODOS LOS MIERCOLES Confidence Count · organ, including 10,000 New Yorkers. Angie Tempio received a new heart in July 2019. The 25-year-old previously suffered from cardiomyopathy,

JANUARY 15, 2020 • MANHATTAN TIMES • www.manhattantimesnews.com 19

lot of immigrants, a lot of black and brown people,” said Phil Thompson, Deputy Mayor for Strategic Initiatives.

In its recently published 2019 Census Test Report, the U.S. Census Bureau showed that there would have likely been lower responses from Asian and Latinx populations if a citizenship question had been included.

Menin noted that the city’s response rate in the 2010 Census was 14 points below the national average, and acknowledged that immigrants could be fearful of sharing their information with the federal government.

“We want to make sure that people know the Census is confidential,” said Menin. “It’s totally protected.”

As part of the kickoff, the de Blasio administration convened 157 community-based organizations that received $19 million to conduct outreach.

Among the organizations on the frontlines are the Hispanic Federation and the National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials (NALEO) Educational Fund.

“Hispanic Federation is proud to work alongside a diverse group of organizations focused on ensuring an accurate and complete count for 2020 in New York City,” said President Frankie Miranda in a statement. “Essential resources are at stake that will directly affect the Latino community and educating our neighbors will determine the resources for the next ten years. Through this collaborative effort, we will strive to ensure that our community

is counted and will get the representation it deserves.”

SOMOS Community Care, a nonprofit network of over 2,500 physicians serving immigrant and low-income communities, received $125,000 for Census-related activities at its health centers.

“As healthcare providers and doctors who are immigrants or descendants of immigrants ourselves,

we are trusted members of the community and thus, have a role to play in getting the word out about the upcoming Census,” said SOMOS Founder Dr. Ramon Tallaj. “It is vital that all New Yorkers, specifically those

in underserved, immigrant communities and regardless of status, are properly counted.”

“We are trying to bring awareness to each one of our clinics. We’re doing a lot of social media outreach and also engaging within our practices,” said Dr. Yomaris Peña, a SOMOS provider. “The main issue is for people to feel safe, and who is better to do that than the provider that they trust?”

“The data obtained from the decennial census helps determine the allocation of over $1.5 trillion in federal funding for programs on which we all rely, affecting everything from education to housing,” added NALEO’s Northeast Director of Civic Engagement Juan Rosa. “[We]

stand ready to unify our efforts with city-wide partners and community leaders throughout New York City to promote 2020 Census participation.”

Word Up Books in Washington Heights also received funding from the city to train its 60 volunteer workers to assist people with the Census.

“We’re going to set up tablets so people could fill out the census right then and there,” said Word Up Founder Veronica Liu. “We have events every single day. During every single one, we’re going to tell people why it’s important to be counted in the Census and then give them the opportunity to fill it out.”

Liu said that established community organizations will have an impact on increasing Census response.

“I think it’s going to make a huge difference. Knowing the real range of people that walk through our doors, we’ve built up trust over eight-and-a-half years,” she said. “We’re going to incorporate the Census into everything that we already do. People come to us for a range of things, and it just makes sense to have the Census be a part of that.”

CENSUS from p11 “Your community trusts you,” said Mayor Bill de Blasio.

“Helping achieve a fair count is a critically important task,” said Chancellor Félix V. Matos Rodríguez.

inmigrantes de participar.“La forma en que Washington lo configuró fue

tratar de derrotarlos, tratar de negarlos, tratar de ignorarlos”, comentó.

“Si hay un conteo insuficiente, será en comunidades donde hay muchos inmigrantes, mucha gente negra y morena”, dijo Phil Thompson, vicealcalde de Iniciativas Estratégicas.

En su recientemente publicado Census Test Report 2019, la Oficina del Censo de los Estados Unidos mostró que probablemente habría habido respuestas más bajas de las poblaciones asiáticas y latinas si se hubiera incluido una pregunta de ciudadanía.

Menin señaló que la tasa de respuesta de la ciudad en el Censo de 2010 fue 14 puntos por debajo del promedio nacional, y reconoció que los inmigrantes podrían temer compartir su información con el gobierno federal.

“Queremos asegurarnos de que la gente sepa que el Censo es confidencial”, dijo Menin. “Está totalmente protegido”.

Como parte del lanzamiento, la administración de Blasio convocó a 157 organizaciones comunitarias que recibieron $19 millones de dólares para realizar actividades de divulgación.

Entre las organizaciones en primera línea se encuentran la Federación Hispana y el Fondo Educativo de la Asociación Nacional de Funcionarios Latinos Electos y Designados (NALEO, por sus siglas en inglés).

“La Federación Hispana se enorgullece de trabajar junto a un grupo diverso de organizaciones enfocadas en asegurar un conteo preciso y completo para 2020 en la ciudad de Nueva York”, dijo el presidente Frankie Miranda en un comunicado. “Están en juego recursos esenciales que

afectarán directamente a la comunidad latina y educar a nuestros vecinos determinará los recursos para los próximos diez años. A través de este esfuerzo de colaboración, lucharemos para asegurar que nuestra comunidad sea contada y obtenga la representación que merece”.

SOMOS Community Care, una red sin fines de lucro de más de 2,500 médicos que atienden a inmigrantes y comunidades de bajos ingresos, recibió $125,000 dólares para actividades

relacionadas con el Censo en sus centros de salud.

“Como proveedores inmigrantes, o descendientes de inmigrantes, de atención médica y médicos, somos miembros confiables de la comunidad y, por lo tanto, tenemos un papel que desempeñar para hacer correr la voz

sobre el próximo Censo”, dijo el fundador de SOMOS, el Dr. Ramon Tallaj. “Es vital que todos los neoyorquinos, específicamente aquellos en comunidades inmigrantes marginadas y sin importar su estatus, sean contados adecuadamente”.

“Estamos tratando de crear conciencia en cada una de nuestras clínicas. Estamos haciendo mucho alcance en las redes sociales y también participando en nuestras prácticas”, dijo el Dr. Yomaris Peña, proveedor de SOMOS. “El tema principal es que las personas se sientan seguras, y ¿quién es mejor para hacerlo que el proveedor en el que confían?”.

“Los datos obtenidos del censo decenal ayudan a determinar la asignación de más de $1.5 trillones de dólares en fondos federales para los programas de los que todos dependemos, que afectan todo, desde la educación hasta la vivienda”, agregó el director de Participación

Cívica del Noreste de NALEO, Juan Rosa. “Estamos listos para unificar nuestros esfuerzos con socios de toda la ciudad y líderes comunitarios en toda la ciudad de Nueva York para promover la participación en el Censo 2020”.

Word Up Books, en Washington Heights, también recibió fondos de la ciudad para capacitar a sus 60 trabajadores voluntarios para ayudar a las personas

con el Censo.“Vamos a configurar tabletas para que las

personas puedan completar el censo en ese momento”, dijo la fundadora de Word Up, Veronica Liu. “Tenemos eventos todos los días. Durante cada uno de ellos, vamos a decirle a la gente por qué es importante ser contados cen el Censo y luego les daremos la oportunidad de completarlo”.

Liu dijo que las organizaciones comunitarias establecidas tendrán un impacto en el aumento de la respuesta al Censo.

“Creo que va a hacer una gran diferencia. Conociendo la gama real de personas que cruzan nuestras puertas, hemos acumulado confianza durante ocho años y medio”, dijo. “Vamos a incorporar el Censo a todo lo que ya hacemos. La gente viene a nosotros por una variedad de cosas, y tiene sentido que el Censo sea parte de eso”.

“[Estamos] listos para unificar nuestros esfuerzos”, dijo el director de Participación Cívica del Noreste de NALEO, Juan Rosa.

“Vamos a decirle a la gente por qué es importante”, dijo Veronica Liu, fundadora de Word Up, aquí con Carolina Valencia y Emmanuel Abreu.

CENSO de p11

Page 20: ODOS LOS MIERCOLES Confidence Count · organ, including 10,000 New Yorkers. Angie Tempio received a new heart in July 2019. The 25-year-old previously suffered from cardiomyopathy,

20 JANUARY 15, 2020 • MANHATTAN TIMES • www.manhattantimesnews.com