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L.DINESH MBAChapter 8Slide 1
Chapter 8Chapter 8
OD InterventionStrategies
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L.DINESH MBAChapter 8Slide 2
Learning Objectives
Identify and understand range of major OD
intervention techniques and how they can be
applied.
Identify ways interpersonal, team, and
intergroup techniques fit into OD program. Understand the change strategies.
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L.DINESH MBAChapter 8Slide 3
Leading Change at P&G(part 1 of 3)
P&G CEO Lafley makes changes that began
with previous CEO in the 1990s.
Significant changes made on structural lines.
Previous CEO, Jager, made changes using
combative style.
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L.DINESH MBAChapter 8Slide 4
Leading Change at P&G(part 2 of 3)
Corporate headquarters undergoing change.
Executives have open offices.Division presidents offices located with their
teams.
Changes made without alienating employees.
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L.DINESH MBAChapter 8Slide 5
Leading Change at P&G(part 3 of 3)
Why did one CEO succeed in making changes
while another failed?
Jager gruff and Lafley soothing.
Jager bullied and Lafley persuades.
Lafley says of change: we are in the
business of leading change.
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L.DINESH MBAChapter 8Slide 6
Organizational Change
Starting point for setting change program is
definition of total change strategy.
OD strategy is a plan for integrating different
activities to accomplish objectives.
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L.DINESH MBAChapter 8Slide 7
Three Basic Approaches to
Organization Change
1. Structural
2. Technical3. Behavioral
Developing strategy includes planning activities
to resolve difficulties and build on strengths.
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L.DINESH MBAChapter 8Slide 8
Structural Approach to Change
Changes that relate elements of organization to
one another.
Includes removing or adding layers to hierarchy.
Downsizing associated with restructuring.
Changes can involve decentralization and
centralization.
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L.DINESH MBAChapter 8Slide 9
Technical Approach to Change
Changes in machinery, methods, automation,
and job design.
Changes help companies become more
productive.
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L.DINESH MBAChapter 8Slide 10
Behavioral Approach to ChangeEmphasizes better utilization of human
resources by improving:
Morale.
Motivation.
Commitment of members.OD traditionally associated with behavioral
strategies.
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L.DINESH MBA Chapter 8
Slide 11
Changes Require AllStrategies
Structural, technological, and behavioral
strategies not OD change strategies per se.
Determining feature of an OD strategy is
process used to arrive at strategy.
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L.DINESH MBA Chapter 8
Slide 12
Our Changing World: Japan Tries
to Restructure (part 1 of 2)
In 1980s Japanese companies model to world.
Recently, Japanese companies failed torespond to changing world.
Nissan first company to close major factory in
Japanese auto-industry.
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L.DINESH MBA Chapter 8
Slide 13
Our Changing World: Japan Tries
to Restructure (part 2 of 2)
Nissan failing when Renault took control.
Ghosn brought in to turn company around.
Shut down 5 plants, reduced workforce by
23,000, shifted production to U.S.
Most experts say do not count Japan out.
A viable Japan may emerge.
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L.DINESH MBA Chapter 8
Slide 14
Integration of Change Strategies
(part 1 of 2)
OD deals with change from integrated
standpoint that considers:
Structure Technology Behavior
Interdependence of subelements (departments)
needs to be considered.
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L.DINESH MBA Chapter 8
Slide 15
Figure 8.1Integrated Approach to Change
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L.DINESH MBA Chapter 8
Slide 16
Integration of Change Strategies
(part 2 of 2)
Change strategies need to take account of overt
and covert elements.
Second-order consequences consider change
in one area that influences others.
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L.DINESH MBA Chapter 8
Slide 17
Figure 8.2Organization Iceberg Approach to OD
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L.DINESH MBA Chapter 8
Slide 18
S
tream Analysis
Useful in planning.
Helps organization plan interventions.Provides graphical view of changes.
Allows progress to be plotted.
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L.DINESH MBA Chapter 8
Slide 19
Figure 8.3Stream Analysis Chart
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L.DINESH MBA Chapter 8
Slide 20
S
electing an ODI
ntervention
Practitioner and client consider:
Potential results of technique.
Potential implementation of technique
including costs versus benefit.
Potential acceptance of technique.
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L.DINESH MBA Chapter 8
Slide 21
OD in Practice: Is It a Kindler,
Gentler Microsoft? (part 1 of 3)
Changes at Microsoft initiated at top.
Gates stepped down as CEO and appointedBallmer CEO and president.
Both wanted to reinvent Microsoft.
Microsoft restructured to be responsive tocustomers.
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L.DINESH MBA Chapter 8
Slide 22
OD in Practice (part 2 of 3)
Executives given power to run units with less
supervision.
Ballmer encouraging everyone to rethink the
way they do their jobs.
Ballmer wants people to be respectful to others.
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L.DINESH MBA Chapter 8
Slide 23
OD in Practice (part 3 of 3)
He wants managers to work collaboratively.
Collaboration may produce complacency andstifle innovation.
Ballmer has history of humiliating executives
that may discourage real change.
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L.DINESH MBA Chapter 8
Slide 24
Overview of Major OD
Intervention Techniques
Intervention techniques focus on 4 categories:
1. Individual or interpersonal level.2. Team or group level.
3. Intergroup level.
4. Total organizational system level.
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L.DINESH MBA Chapter 8
Slide 25
Table 8.1OD Interventions: An Overview (part 1 of 2)
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L.DINESH MBA Chapter 8
Slide 26
Table 8.1OD Interventions: An Overview (part 2 of 2)
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L.DINESH MBA Chapter 8
Slide 27
Key Words and Concepts
Behavioral strategies - places emphasis on
human resources.
OD intervention - actions designed to improve
the health of the client system.
OD strategy - a plan for change usingstructural, technical, and behavioral methods.
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L.DINESH MBA Chapter 8
Slide 28
Parkinsons Laws - summarizes the problems
of inefficient practices in organizations.
Second-order consequences - indirect
consequences that result from change.
Stream analysis - method useful in planning
that plots interventions over period of time.
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L.DINESH MBA Chapter 8
Slide 29
Structural strategies - alters framework that
relates parts of organization to one another.
Technological strategies - changes in
machinery, methods, and job design.
Virtual meetings - meetings that occur
electronically over telecommunications lines
and Internet.
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L.DINESH MBA Chapter 8
Slide 30
Preparations for Next Chapter
Read Chapter 9.
Complete Step 1 of OD Skills Simulation 9.1. Simulation 9.3, complete Steps 1 and 2.
Read and analyze Case: The Sundale Club.