OD INTERVENTIONS-BRITISH AIRWAYS

PRESENTED BY: KIRUTHIKA.D

CONTENTOD Interventions

•Definition, •factors to be considered, •classification of OD interventions, •results of OD, •typology of interventions based on target groups,•Human process interventions,•British airways,•OD-interventions in BA.

DEFINITION

Interventions (French & Bell, 1999) “Sets of structured activities in which selected organizational units (target groups or individuals) engage in a task or a sequence of tasks with the goals of organizational improvement and individual development”.

OD interventions are structured actions that help bring about the desired positive changes. Intervention planning includes selecting type of intervention and deciding its duration and extent.

FACTORS

Factors to consider when planning and implementing an OD intervention:

1. There has to be an INTERVENTION STRATEGY

2. Activities to promote learning and change must be STRUCTURED EFFECTIVELY.

There are many, many different types of OD interventions.These can be classified, or grouped according to:

•The objectives of the interventions

• The targets of the interventions

CLASSIFYING OD INTERVENTIONS

POSSIBLE RESULTS OF OD INTERVENTIONS• awareness of changing socio-cultural norms or dysfunctional

current norms • increased interaction and communication • confrontation (surfacing and examining differences) • education (knowledge and concepts, beliefs and attitudes,

skills) • participation (in problem solving, goal setting, idea generation) • increased accountability (through clarifying responsibility and

monitoring performance)• increased energy and optimism (“the future is desirable,

worthwhile and attainable”)

THERE ARE 14 MAJOR “FAMILIES” OF OD INTERVENTIONS

1. Diagnostic Activities 22. Team Building Activities 3. Inter-group Activities 4. Survey Feedback Activities 5. Education and Training Activities 6. Techno-structural or Structural Activities 7. Process Consultation Activities 8. Grid Organization Development Activities 9. Third -Party Peacemaking Activities 10. Coaching and Counseling Activities 11. Life and Career Planning Activities 12. Planning and Goal Setting Activities 13. Strategic Management Activities 14. Organizational Transformation Activities

INTERVENTIONSNEWER

• Self-directed work teams

• Virtual team building • Organization

transformation • Learning

organizations • Search conferences • Performance

management • Appreciative inquiry

TRADITIONAL Individual: • Third party • Laboratory training • Career/life

Group: • Process consultation • Team building

Organizational: • Survey/feedback • Environmental scanning

HUMAN PROCESS INTERVENTIONS • Individual based: coaching, counseling, training, Behavioral modeling,

delegating, leading, morale boosting, mentoring, motivation, etc.,

• Group based: conflict management, dialoging, group facilitation group learning, self-directed work teams, large scale interventions, team building, and virtual teams.

• Inter-group based: Organization mirroring, third party peace making interventions, partnering

Techno structural (Structures, technologies, positions etc.,) & Strategic interventions: Techno structural: Balanced scorecard; business process reengineering; downsizing and outsourcing.

Founded:31 March 1974(after BOAC & BEA merger)

Subsidiaries BA CityFlyerOpenSkiesBritish Airways World Cargo

Company slogan : To Fly. To Serve.Parent company : International Airlines GroupHeadquarters : Waterside,Harmondsworth, England Revenue  : €11.482 billion (2011)

Key people:Keith Williams (CEO):Martin Broughton (Chairman)

HISTORY OF BRITISH AIRWAYSThe history of BA is traced back into 1930s-1940s.

• At the beginning of the Second World War, two airlines between British Airways and Imperial Airline merged together and formed new subsidiary companies which are the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) to provide the international long haul services and the British European Airways (BEA) to operate short haul service in Europe.

• In 1974, BOAC and BEA were combined together and was operated under one company “British Airways”.

• Next, in the early 1980s, BA ran the financial problem and Sir John King (the former CEO) was appointed to handle privatization project which the privatization was successfully transformed the organization in 1987.

OD INTERVENTIONS IN BA

• STRATEGIC INTERVENTION • TECHNO-STRUCTURAL INTERVENTIONS • INTERPERSONAL INTERVENTIONS • HR MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS

•STRATEGIC INTERVENTION -Redefinition of the business from

transportation to service

•TECHNO-STRUCTURAL INTERVENTIONS -Appointed new CEO and top management team -Downsizing the workforce from 59,000 to 37,000 -Use of diagonal task forces to plan change -New Management Information System (MIS)

• INTERPERSONAL INTERVENTIONS – Training and education “Managing People First”

programs – Emphasis on open communication – Off-site team building meetings – Peer support groups through change process

• HR MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS – New performance based compensation system

• In the mid 1980’s British Airways adopted a new “putting people first” vision in response to changes in the airline industry. They needed to change from a bureaucratic state-controlled transportation company to a customer-focused, market-driven service organization.

• The strategy was communicated from senior management, but the changes were primarily implemented at the level of work group.Every staff member participated in a two-day “putting people first” training program.

SUMMARY

Contd….• Acknowledging the importance of work group

managers, British Airways implemented a five-day manager’s program that stressed the importance of trust, vision leadership and feedback.

• The managers then reinforced the “putting people first” message among the members of their workgroups. The changes introduced at the work group level drove the reorientation of the company and led to record-setting improvements in the airline’s financial performance and a marked change to a customer-focused culture. (Goodstein and Burke 1991).

REFERENCESWEB: http

://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/Bharathisunagar-347059-7-interventions-entertainment-ppt-powerpoint/

WWW.msh.org

BOOK: Goodstein, Leonard, and W.Warner Burke. “Creating

Successful Organizational Change”. Organizational Dynamics vol.19-no.4 (1991): 5-17pages.