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April 20, 2023
Respirationoxygen & carbon dioxide move in or out of cells
by ___________
molecules can diffuse through cell membranes only if ___________ in water
therefore respiratory surfaces must always remain ___________
therefore surfaces are lined with ___________
April 20, 2023
diffusion
dissolved
moist
mucus
Overview of Cardiopulmonary System
April 20, 2023
External Environment
Cellular Respiration
higher animals
lower animals
fish: _______
terrestrial:_______
aquatic: _________
Internal Environment
Respiratory surface
inhalation exhalation air
water
gills
skin
lungs
external respiration
internal respiration
April 20, 2023
Components of the Respiratory System
nasal cavity
cartilage rings
bronchioles
alveoli
diaphragm
pharynx
epiglottis
larynx
trachea
bronchi (us)
thoracic cavity (ribs)
pleural membrane
heart
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April 20, 2023
Components of the Respiratory SystemNostrils: entrance for air into the respiratory system
contains nasal hairs filters air
Nasal cavity:
1. warms air – via nearby capillaries warm air diffuses faster
2. moistens air: lined with mucus membranes oxygen dissolves in moist air
3. cleans air: cilia & mucus remove foreign particles
April 20, 2023
Pharynx: common tube for respiratory & digestive systems filters air via cilia protects against pathogens because it contains
lymph tissues (tonsils & adenoids)
Components of the Respiratory System
April 20, 2023
Epiglottis: flap of tissue supported
by cartilage blocks opening of respiratory
tract when swallowing to
prevent solids and liquids
from entering lungs
Larynx: contains vocal cords
which vibrate when air
passes through them
Components of the Respiratory System
April 20, 2023
April 20, 2023
Trachea: conducts air from larynx towards lungs has cartilage rings to prevent collapsing lined with cilia & mucus to trap “foreign” substances
Components of the Respiratory System
April 20, 2023
trachea
bronchus
bronchiole• no cartilage
rings
larynx (voice box)
glottis(opening into trachea)
dust
cilia• move dust
up & out
cilia• move dust
up & out
goblet cells•make mucus•trap dust
cartilage ring•prevent collapsing
esophagus
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Trachea
April 20, 2023
Bronchi: left bronchus & right bronchus conduct air into & out
of the left and right lung respectively has cartilage rings to prevent collapsing
Components of the Respiratory System
April 20, 2023
Lungs: organ involved in ventilation & respiration left lung is smaller (2 lobes) vs right lung (3 lobes)
because of the presence of the heart
Components of the Respiratory System
April 20, 2023
Blood Vessels in Lungs
April 20, 2023
Diaphragm: dome-shaped
muscle beneath the
lungs that is involved
in breathing
(inhalation/exhalation)
Components of the Respiratory System
April 20, 2023
Pleural membrane (pleura): thin fluid-filled double membrane that surrounds
each lung and the inner wall of the thoracic cavity lubricates and aids in breathing
Components of the Respiratory System
April 20, 2023
Thoracic cavity (chest cavity): holds & protects the
lungs & the heart bounded by the
ribs, sternum &
the diaphragm
sternum
Components of the Respiratory System
April 20, 2023
Bronchioles: smallest branches of the airway carries air from bronchi to alveoli lack cartilage rings
Alveoli: tiny moist “sacs” (8 million) where
gas exchange takes place large surface area to
increase rate of gas exchange
(diffusion)
Components of the Respiratory System
April 20, 2023
Components of the Respiratory System
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Components of the Respiratory System
April 20, 2023
pulmonary arterioles
pulmonary venules
lined with
mucus on the inside
alveolar epithelial cells•1 cell thick
RBC’scapillary cells•1 cell thick
O2
CO2
The Alveoli
April 20, 2023
Components of the Respiratory System
April 20, 2023
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bronchiole
4. pulmonary arterioles
4capillary
3. alveoli
5.pulmonary venules
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Alveoli
April 20, 2023
healthy lungs
smoker’s lungs
WHY SMOKE?
Respiration:
April 20, 2023
Process What Happens?/Where? Involves1. Ventilation (Breathing)
2. Gas Exchange
3. Cellular Respiration
involves 3 processes
the movement of air into & out of the lungs
inhalation aka inspiration
exhalation aka expiration
external respiration: lungs
exchange of O2 & CO2 between blood & air
internal respiration: cells exchange of O2 & CO2
between blood & cells
muscles use energy to pull rib cage up & out
diffusion no energy passive
transport
in mitochondria glucose broken down ATP produced
chemical reactions
bonds broken catabolic exothermic
April 20, 2023
Components of the Respiratory System
April 20, 2023
Components of the Respiratory System
April 20, 2023
CILIA
Components of the Respiratory System
April 20, 2023
Components of the Respiratory System
