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Name: Date:
Phylum Cnidaria: Jellies, Anemones and Corals
Domain: Kingdom:
Learning Objectives: *Refer to Kingdom Animalia Unit Plan
Text page: 371 *This is required reading.
What are some common cnidarians?
Cnidarian Common Characteristics
Biology 11: Phylum Cnidaria Page 1
Despite the diversity in cnidarian form, all members of this phylum share the following characteristics:
a) Level of Organization
Cnidaria are one level more complex than Porifera as they have _________________________, making
them eumetazoans.
b) Body Plan
Cnidarians have a _________________________, body plan with _______________________________
_________________________ surrounding a central _________________________,
What are some functions for the gvc in Cnidarians?
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Instead of a mesoderm layer, cnidarians
have a _________________________,
a gel-like layer between the
_________________________ and
_________________________. It is
not considered a germ layer!
c) Symmetry
Biology 11: Phylum Cnidaria Page 2
What type of symmetry do cnidarians have? ___________________________
Polyp Medusa
Movement
Reproduction
Other
Compare and contrast the two different Cnidarian body forms below:
d) Tissues and Cell Specialization
Cnidarians have many cells and tissues specialized for particular functions.
i) All cnidarians have stinging cells called _________________________
that are used for __________________
________________________________
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Biology 11: Phylum Cnidaria Page 3
ii)
Epitheliomuscular Cells: ______________________________________________________________
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iii) Sensory Cells: ______________________________________________________________________
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iv) Interstitial Cells: ____________________________________________________________________
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v) Gland Cells: ________________________________________________________________________
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vi) Nutritive Muscular Cells: _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Biology 11: Phylum Cnidaria Page 4
Cnidarian Essential Functions
a) Digestion
Digestion occurs in the GVC,
where digestive enzymes
breakdown food particles into
small enough molecules to be
engulfed by or diffuse through
the cell membrane of nutritive
muscular cells.
ii) Cellular Respiration
Gases diffuse from high concentration from low concentrations (O2 into cells from H2O; CO2 from cells
into H2O).
iii) Reproduction
Some Cnidarians pass sequentially through a polyp and medusa stage in their life cycle, such as the
Obelia life cycle below.
Biology 11: Phylum Cnidaria Page 5
Why Do We Care about Cnidarians?
Conduct your own research to discover at least five ways that corals are important to their ecosystems and
the larger world
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Threats to Cnidarians
The Cnidarian currently experiencing the greatest threat to its existence is coral. Watch the video on
coral bleaching and complete the questions below.
What are corals?
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What is coral bleaching?
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Biology 11: Phylum Cnidaria Page 6
There are three general methods for working to bring back damaged coral reefs:
1. Structural Restoration:
Construction of artificial reefs to
increase surface area available for coral
growth.
Required in areas where structural
integrity of ecosystem has been
compromised or lost due to disturbances
(dynamite fishing, landslides…).
2. Biological Restoration:
Increasing the number of corals living in a suitable habitat by
collecting/rehabilitating naturally broken coral fragments,
culturing coral larvae and transplanting living coral colonies.
Necessary in areas where coral die off has occurred (bleaching,
disease, predation, ect).
3. Physical Restoration:
Improve the health and growth of reefs by adding coral
nurseries, changing water chemistry through electrolysis….
Biology 11: Phylum Cnidaria Page 7