October 10, 2013

1. Get the handout2. Start the I-Pad that matches one of the seat numbers

at your desk (to be shared with your desk partner)3. Go to our team website and Mr. Tucker’s bellwork page4. Use the handout to collect information on the

vocabulary listed in the October 10, 2013 PowerPoint slides

5. You are responsible for all of this information and need to turn in your Frayer Model sheets at the end of class

8th Grade Science Vocabulary Terms (140 terms for Frayer Model)

1. absorb2. acquired traits3. adaptations4. atmosphere5. atoms6. balance of nature7. balance scale8. benefit9. cell wall10. cells11. characteristics12. chemical change13. chemical weathering14. chlorophyll15. chromosome16. climax community17. closed circuit18. cold blooded19. cold front20. community21. competition22. compound23. conclusion24. condensation25. conductor26. consumer27. control28. cytoplasm29. data (datum)

30. decomposer31. density32. digestive system33. direct rays34. dominant traits35. echo36. echolocation37. ecosystem38. egg cell (ovary)39. electromagnet40. element41. elevation42. embryo43. erosion44. evaporation45. evidence46. evolution47. extinct48. fertilization49. flower50. food chain51. food web52. force53. fossil54. fulcrum55. galaxy56. gas57. gene58. germinate59. gravity

60. heredity61. humidity62. hypothesis63. igneous rock64. inclined plane65. incomplete circuit66. inference67. inherited traits68. investigation69. landfill70. lava71. lever72. liquids73. lunar phases74. magma75. mass76. mechanical weathering77. metamorphic rocks78. meter79. microscope80. mineral81. mixture82. molecules83. non-conductor

(insulator)84. non-native species

(exotic)85. observation86. opaque87. organ

88. ozone89. parasite90. photosynthesis91. physical change92. pioneer species93. pollen94. pollutant95. population96. precipitation97. predation98. procedure99. producer100. pulley101. purpose102. reaction force103. recessive trait104. reflect105. refract106. revolve107. rock cycle108. rotate109. runoff110. sedimentary rock111. simple machine112. single-celled organism113. solar eclipse114. solid115. sonar116. sound waves117. speed

118. sublimation119. succession120. surface mining121. symbiosis122. temperature123. thermal contraction124. thermal expansion125. thermometer126. translucent127. transparent128. unbalanced forces129. urban development130. vacuum131. vertebrate132. volume133. warm blooded134. warm front135. water cycle136. weather137. weight138. wetland139. wheel and axle140. zygote

cold frontDefinition

• Occurs when cold air mass moves warm air mass upward

Facts/Examples/NonExample• Brings cold and unstable

weather• Can be fast or slow• Can form dangerous clouds

quickly and lead to severe weather

• EX: cumulonimbus clouds (tallest and possible tornado producers)

• NONEX: warm front – rain likely and less severe

Memory Pictograph

communityDefinition

• Group of different populations living in the same place

Facts/Examples/NonExample• Groups of organisms affect

each other in the community

• Creates a unique area• EX: forest community, pond

community, meadow community, coral reef community

• NONEX: population refers to just one species in a community

Memory Pictograph

competitionDefinition

• Interaction between 2 organisms over basic resources such as food, water, shelter, mates

Facts/Examples/NonExample• The more adaptations an

organisms has to its environment, the less it needs to compete

• Some animals change their habits to have less competition

• EX: invasive species outcompeting native species, deer feeding at different times or on different plants

• NONEX: mutualism

Memory Pictograph

compoundDefinition

• Pure substance made up of 2 or more different elements that are bonded together

Facts/Examples/NonExample• Have chemical and physical

properties not like the original elements

• Always has a chemical formula• EX: salt (NaCl), water (H2O),

carbon dioxide (CO2)• NONEX: elements are made of

just one type of atom, mixtures are made of different materials next to each other BUT NOT BONDED TOGETHER

Memory Pictograph

conclusionDefinition

• Explains whether the hypothesis of an experiment was supported by the results of the experiment

Facts/Examples/NonExample• Summary that re-checks the

hypothesis• Part of the scientific method• Examines the data and

results of an experiment• EX: see memory pictograph• NONEX: hypothesis has to

be tested/ conclusion states whether hypothesis is supported by the results of the experiment

Memory Pictograph

condensationDefinition

• Physical change in matter from a gas to a liquid state

Facts/Examples/NonExample• Caused by cooling of the

temperature of the gas• Second step in the water

cycle• Physical change• EX: cold glass on a hot

humid day forms condensation, fog, clouds, dew

• NONEX: evaporation is the opposite of condensation

Memory Pictographs

conductorDefinition

• Material that allows heat and electricity to pass through

Facts/Examples/NonExample• Molecules either vibrate

(heat) or pass along electrons (electricity)

• Metals are the best conductors

• Nonmetals are usually insulators, not conductors

• EX: copper, aluminum, iron, steel

• NONEX: rubber, plastic, wood

Memory Pictograph

consumerDefinition

• Organism that cannot make its own food and must get food by consuming other organisms

Facts/Examples/NonExample• Needs to obtain energy by

eating other organisms• Can eat producers (plants)

or other consumers• EX: humans, herbivores,

carnivores, omnivores• NONEX: producers make

their own food through photosysthesis

Memory Pictograph

controlDefinition

• Part of an experiment that is kept the same so it can be used as a comparison to the other data

Facts/Examples/NonExample• Helps check results of

experiment• Makes experiments more

accurate• EX: experiment comparing

fertilizers, one trial has NO fertilizer

• NONEX: constants in an experiment keep all conditions similar, control leaves out the manipulated variable (independent variable)

Memory Pictograph

cytoplasmDefinition

• Thick fluid contained in the cell membrane of all cells

Facts/Examples/NonExample• Helps hold or contain the

insides of a cell• Cell jelly/ gel• Allows materials to move

about inside cell• Mostly water• EX: found in all types of cells• NONEX: cell organelles are

supported by cytoplasm

Memory Pictograph

data (datum)Definition

• Information gathered and organized during an experiment

Facts/Examples/NonExample• Graphs and charts• Shows observations and

evidence• Good data comes form fair

experiments and good variables

• EX: Data chart for experiment in class

• NONEX: conclusions and analysis occur after collecting data

Memory Pictograph

decomposerDefinition

• Organism that obtains food by breaking down dead organisms

Facts/Examples/NonExample• Uses dead organisms as

nutrients• Critical for healthy ecosystem• Helps rid nature of dead

organisms• Types of consumer• EX: bacteria, fungus• NONEX: scavengers arrive

before too much decomposition takes place

Memory Pictograph

densityDefinition

• Ratio of mass to volumeFacts/Examples/NonExample• Density = mass / volume• Depends on how• How tightly packed are the

molecules in a given amount of space?

• Feathers ----low density• Gold ---------high density• Water has a density of 1• > 1 sink in water• < 1 float in water

Memory Pictograph

digestive systemDefinition

• Organ system that breaks down food into a form that the body can absorb/ use

Facts/Examples/NonExample• Uses both physical and

chemical changes in the process

• Broken down materials move from the small intestine into the blood stream

• Circulatory system moves food and nutrients through the blood to the cells

Memory Pictograph

direct raysDefinition

• Sunlight that reaches the Earth with more intensity

Facts/Examples/NonExample• Strikes at a direct angle and

more energy is hitting the surface

• Always occurring near the equator

• Summer has more direct rays than winter

• EX: tropical rain forests receive direct rays all year

• NONEX: polar areas never receive direct rays

Memory Pictograph

dominant traitsDefinition

• Inherited traits that show up more often in a population

Facts/Examples/NonExample• Traits that occur with greater

frequency• Research of Gregor Mendel

and pea plants• Geneticists study dominant

and recessive traits• EX: brown hair, brown eyes,

widow’s peak, etc…• NONEX: blue eyes, red hair

are recessive traits for the general population

Memory Pictograph

echoDefinition

• Sound waves bouncing back from hitting a hard surface

Facts/Examples/NonExample• Sound energy is a

mechanical wave that can be absorbed or reflected by the objects it hits

• Used by bats and dolphins to locate prey or predators

• EX: cave, gym, shower, empty room

• NONEX: room covered with carpeting on floors and walls

Memory Pictograph

echolocationDefinition

• Method of navigation in which sound waves are bounced off objects to determine distance and location

Facts/Examples/NonExample• Used by bats and dolphins

and other animals• Helps locate prey• Humans borrowed idea for

radar and sonar• EX: sonar bounces sound

waves at sea• NONEX: radar bounces EM

waves not sound waves

Memory Pictograph

ecosystemDefinition

• All the living and nonliving things in a community

Facts/Examples/NonExample• Make up a special location

where organisms and resources interact

• Air, water, soil, are non-living but still important to ecosystem working properly

• EX: forest ecosystem, pond ecosystem, estuary ecosystem

• NONEX: a single population of one organisms

Memory Pictograph

egg cell (ovary)Definition

• Cell produced by the female reproductive system – must combine with sperm cell to become fertilized

Facts/Examples/NonExample• Organisms that reproduce

through sexual reproduction must begin as an egg cell

• Can grow into seeds or infants• Must be fertilized in order to

grow• EX: chicken egg cell – very

large cell• NONEX: organisms that

reproduce asexually do not require egg cells to reproduce

Memory Pictograph

electromagnetDefinition

• Powerful magnet produced by coiling wire around iron and running electricity through

Facts/Examples/NonExample• Attracts certain metals only

– iron, steel, nickel• Moving electrons make the

magnet more powerful• EX: lifts up scrap cars and

even small electromagnets can lift heavier weights

• NONEX: regular magnets with no added wires and electricity

Memory Pictograph

elementDefinition

• A pure substance that consists of only one type of atom with unique properties

Facts/Examples/NonExample• Found on periodic table• Cannot be broken down further• Atomic number is determined by

number of protons in the nucleus• Neutrons are also in the nucleus• Electrons move in different

energy shells around the nucleus• EX: each of the types of atoms

listed on Periodic Table• NONEX: compounds, mixtures

Memory Pictograph

elementDefinition

• A pure substance that consists of only one type of atom with unique properties

Facts/Examples/NonExample• Found on periodic table• Cannot be broken down further• Atomic number is determined by

number of protons in the nucleus• Neutrons are also in the nucleus• Electrons move in different

energy shells around the nucleus• EX: each of the types of atoms

listed on Periodic Table• NONEX: compounds, mixtures

Memory Pictograph

elevationDefinition

• Height above sea levelFacts/Examples/NonExample• Can be above or below sea

level• Topographic maps show

elevation • EX: Detroit area is about

600 feet above sea level, so its elevation is 600 feet

• NONEX: latitude or longitude show location on the globe, but not elevation above sea level

Memory Pictograph

embryoDefinition

• Very early stage in the development of an organism

Facts/Examples/NonExample• An embryo will develop form a

fertilized egg• Stages of the embryo are related

to stages of evolution (looks different at different stages)

• Will develop into a baby organism

• EX: human embryo, chicken embryo

• NONEX: does not occur in asexual reproduction, requires egg and sperm cells

Memory Pictograph

erosionDefinition

• Process in which soil and rock particles are carried away by wind, moving water or gravity

Facts/Examples/NonExample• Natural force that causes

rocks to lose particles• Changes the appearance of

rocks• EX: Sphinx and tombstones

affected by wind and acid rain• NONEX: deposition is the

opposite action and sediments build up in areas where wind or water oor ice slow down

Memory Pictograph

evaporationDefinition

• Physical change of state (phase change) from a liquid to a gas state

Facts/Examples/NonExample• 1st step in the water cycle• Sun’s energy is what causes

molecules of water to move faster and evaporate

• Other liquids also evaporate when energy is added (heat)

• EX: water, alcohol, gasoline all evaporate into the air

• EX: boiling water is rapid evaporation

• NONEX: condensation is the opposite of evaporation

Memory Pictograph

evidenceDefinition

• Any tested observation or experimental data that supports a hypothesis

Facts/Examples/NonExample• Data must support the

hypothesis in order to be evidence that the hypothesis is correct

• Allows scientists to know whether they are on the right track or need to “go back to the drawing board”

• EX: gas and bubbles in an experiment show a chemical change

• NONEX: guessing with no facts supporting the guess

Memory Pictograph

vinegar

evolutionDefinition

• Scientific Theory that explains changes in organisms over long periods of time

Facts/Examples/NonExample• Successful adaptations increase

the chances of surviving and reproducing

• Poor adaptations make it more difficult for an organisms to survive and reproduce

• EX: fast running animals escape predators and survive

• NONEX: giraffes didn’t grow longer necks in one generation…but the taller giraffes survived better and reproduced offspring like themselves

Memory Pictograph

8th Grade Science Vocabulary Terms (140 terms for Frayer Model)

1. absorb2. acquired traits3. adaptations4. atmosphere5. atoms6. balance of nature7. balance scale8. benefit9. cell wall10. cells11. characteristics12. chemical change13. chemical weathering14. chlorophyll15. chromosome16. climax community17. closed circuit18. cold blooded19. cold front20. community21. competition22. compound23. conclusion24. condensation25. conductor26. consumer27. control28. cytoplasm29. data (datum)

30. decomposer31. density32. digestive system33. direct rays34. dominant traits35. echo36. echolocation37. ecosystem38. egg cell (ovary)39. electromagnet40. element41. elevation42. embryo43. erosion44. evaporation45. evidence46. evolution47. extinct48. fertilization49. flower50. food chain51. food web52. force53. fossil54. fulcrum55. galaxy56. gas57. gene58. germinate59. gravity

60. heredity61. humidity62. hypothesis63. igneous rock64. inclined plane65. incomplete circuit66. inference67. inherited traits68. investigation69. landfill70. lava71. lever72. liquids73. lunar phases74. magma75. mass76. mechanical weathering77. metamorphic rocks78. meter79. microscope80. mineral81. mixture82. molecules83. non-conductor

(insulator)84. non-native species

(exotic)85. observation86. opaque87. organ

88. ozone89. parasite90. photosynthesis91. physical change92. pioneer species93. pollen94. pollutant95. population96. precipitation97. predation98. procedure99. producer100. pulley101. purpose102. reaction force103. recessive trait104. reflect105. refract106. revolve107. rock cycle108. rotate109. runoff110. sedimentary rock111. simple machine112. single-celled organism113. solar eclipse114. solid115. sonar116. sound waves117. speed

118. sublimation119. succession120. surface mining121. symbiosis122. temperature123. thermal contraction124. thermal expansion125. thermometer126. translucent127. transparent128. unbalanced forces129. urban development130. vacuum131. vertebrate132. volume133. warm blooded134. warm front135. water cycle136. weather137. weight138. wetland139. wheel and axle140. zygote