Ocean Rs

OceanographyEniyan Th Sun Jul 05 08:16:47 CDT 2015

Seiche

Seiche

1. A seiche is a standing wave oscillating in a body of water. Caused by change in atmospheric presure2. The largest vertical oscillations are at each end of a body of water with very small oscillations at the "node," or

center point, of the wave of water 3. the time period between the "high" and "low" of a seiche can be as much as four to seven hours

influent / effluent streams

influent- recharge at bottom of stream where stream channel lies at height above water table (gains water) effluent- discharge at bottom of stream where stream channel lies below water table (uses up water)

Sound in Ocean Sound travels in the ocean varies greatly, depending primarily upon water temperature and pressure. While pressure continues to increase as ocean depth increases, the temperature of the ocean only decreases up to a certain point, after which it remains relatively stable

Speed of sound in Ocean Speed increases as:

1. Temperature increases2. Salinity increases3. Pressure(orDepth) increases4. Low frequency sounds travel farther than high frequency sounds

Thermocline layer In Ocean, the thermocline is a region characterized by rapid change in temperature and pressure. Below the thermocline "layer," the temperature remains constant, but pressure continues to increase

Sound Channel The area in the ocean where sound waves refract up and down is known as the "sound channel

Storm Surge Series of long waves that are created far from shore in deeper water and intensify as they move closer to land Storm surge is the abnormal rise in seawater level during a storm, measured as the height of the water above the normal predicted astronomical tide

Whale's sound wave

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As the whales sound waves travel through the water, their speed decreases with increasing depth (as the temperature drops), causing the sound waves to refract downwardBelow the thermocline "layer," the temperature remains constant, but pressure continues to increase. This causes the speed of sound to increase and makes the sound waves refract upward.

Storm Tide Storm tide is the total observed seawater level during a storm, resulting from the combination of storm surge and the astronomical tide

Waves Wind Driven/Surface WavesAstronomical TidesStorm SurgeTsunami

Slough A slough is a swamp or shallow lake system, usually a backwater to a larger body of water

Geodesist Geodesists measure and monitor the Earths size and shape, geodynamic phenomena (e.g., tides and polar motion), and gravity field to determine the exact coordinates of any point on Earth and how that point will move over time

Waves Waves are created by energy passing through water, causing it to move in a circular motion. Waves transmit energy, not water.

Spring Tide

Spring Tide During full or new moonswhich occur when the Earth, sun, and moon are nearly in alignment high tides are a little higher and low tides are a little lower than average

Neap Tide Neap tides, occur twice a month, happen when the sun and moon are at right angles to each other. High tides are a little lower and low tides are a little higher than average

Perigean spring tide

Perigean spring tide A perigean spring tide occurs when the moon is either new or full and closest to Earth (3/4 times? a year?)Once every 28 days, the moon reaches a 'perigee,' its closest point of approach to the Earth



"Nuisance" flooding "Nuisance" floodingflooding that leads to public inconveniences such as road closuresare increasingly common as coastal sea levels rise. Eg: Tide+ Storm Surge+

Nautical mile A NM = one minute of latitude - 60NM = 1 o at equator

A knot is one nautical mile per hour (1 knot = 1.15 mph )

NOAA 12 nm Territorial Sea,24 nm Contiguous Zone, 200 nm Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).Law of the Sea Convention 1958 , 1982

Geoid

Geoid is a model of global mean sea level that is used to measure precise surface elevations a surface which defines zero elevation

Salt Marsh Salt marshes are coastal wetlands that are flooded and drained by salt water brought in by the tides.Salt marshes protect shorelines from erosion by buffering wave action and trapping sediments.

Salt Marsh Reduce flooding by slowing and absorbing rainwater and protect water quality by filtering runoff, and by metabolizing excess nutrients.

Estuary - River meets sea Estuaries are among the most productive ecosystems in the worldMany animals rely on estuaries for food, places to breed, and migration stopovers.

Estuary vs River Delta Estuary = where rivers have no Delta. Embayment where ocean advances into the mouth of the river Delta = sandy protection of the river mouth created by the dragging down of sediment by the river flow.

Orbital Wave

Wave Height



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