Ocean Observation System

In Korea

NEAR-GOOS was Selected as a Pilot Program of Regional GOOS because the existing ocean observing system around in this region was Intensive.However, the development was much slower than its youger sisters in other region.

What’s the reason ?

122 124 126 128 130 132 134

31

33

35

37

39

41

43

307

308

309

310

311

312

313

314

315

316

104

106107

103

102

205204203

N

E

317

105K O R E A

J A P A N

209

208

206

207

Example of NFRDI’s bi-monthly oceanographic survey for more than 60 years

Brief Introduction toOcean Observing System in Korea

The serial oceanographic observations have been carried out from 1921 in Korea. The present-day 207 stations from 25 observation lines have been set up. The survey cruise is implemented bimonthly for the waters around the Korean Peninsula and 4 times a year in the East China Sea. The following parameters are observed and analyzed.

Seawater temperature and salinity Dissolved oxygen Nutrients nitrates, nitrites, silicates, phosphates Zooplankton biomass Chlorophyll-a concentration Meteorological factors air temperature, air pressure, wind direction and speed, cloudage and cloud form, wave direction and height

Serial Oceanographic ObservationsSerial Oceanographic Observations

Serial Oceanographic Observations (NFRDI)Serial Oceanographic Observations (NFRDI)

122 124 126 128 130 132 134

31

33

35

37

39

41

43

307

308

309

310

311

312

313

314

315

316

104

106107

103

102

205204203

N

E

317

105K O R E A

J A P A N

209

208

206

207

14 layer

NFRDIYellow Sea

China

Oceanographic Observations using Ferry (NFRDI)Oceanographic Observations using Ferry (NFRDI)

- Three times (round-trip)/week- From August 2006- Parameters : temp., Sal.

- Six times (round-trip)/week- From August 2006- Parameters : temp., Sal.

Master Plan for National Real-time Ocean Observing System, 2002

Water Level Observing Network (Tide stations) (NORI)Water Level Observing Network (Tide stations) (NORI)

Tide stations (NORI)

NORI

Coastal and Ocean Observing Network (KMA)Coastal and Ocean Observing Network (KMA)

KMA

Buoy

Light tower

Parameters : Wind, Air temp., Air pressure, SST, Wave

2008

2008

2009

2010

Tower

Wave Observation in Korea

In situ Real-time Observation (KORDI)In situ Real-time Observation (KORDI)

Ieodo(’03)

Light towerPier

Coastal tower

Ieodo station

Buoy (10m)

Light tower

PierIeodo Station

Ocean buoy (10m)

Coastal tower

KORDI

Observation sensors at IEODO station (KORDI)Observation sensors at IEODO station (KORDI)

Planed as Chin-Korea Joint Ocean Data BuoyBut deployed as a Korean Buoy, Sept. 2007

ARGO, KORDI and KMA

Sites of Coastal Erosion Monitoring SystemSites of Coastal Erosion Monitoring SystemLocation map of coastal erosion history survey(120 sites)

Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) will be scheduled for launch in June 2009

National Earth Observation Satellite Plan in Korea

SAR

Ocean Color

Ocean color

2006KOMPSAT-2

National Earth Observation Satellite Plan in Korea

Near future Earth observation Satellite Launch planSatellite Launch Purpose Band Spatial

ResolutionKOMPSAT-II 2006. Land

(coastal ocean)1(PAN)4(MSC)

1m4m

COMS-I(GOCI)

2008 Ocean & Meteorologie

85

500 x 500m2km x 2km

KOMPSAT-III 2004~

2009

MainLand

1(PAN)4(MSC)

0.8m3.5m

Sub 1(IR) 0.8mKOMPSAT-V 2008 Land

(& Ocean)SAR 1-3m

• COMS : Communication, Ocean & Meteorological Satellite

•There is no KOMPSAT-4 satellite because of his serial number “4” (死 )

- Operational Service System is not fully operational (Except Meteorology)

   =>The use of other‘s real-time data is not urgent      -> No intent to take effort to provide data to others => No Data Exchange

Build sub-regional Operational Oceanographic System for Data Production and Service

=> Need for RT data exchange will become urgent => Active RT data exchange among neighboring countries => Benefits of global observing system would be acknowled and appreciated => Accelerate regional observing system as an element of GOOS, and hence GEOSS

Prblems in Ocean Data Exchange

•Fill gaps in density of data platform (Meteorology and Oceanogr. Jointly) - using existing structures : light buoy, tower, structure - Upgrade existing observation or survey system like NFRDI’s ocean survey program for near real-time opr. - Technology development (ex. ground radar..), application

• Regional/sub-regional Cooperation - Cooperation with China, North Korea for Yellow Sea YOOS(Yellow Sea Operational Oceanogr. System)

• Operational data product and service system essential Benefit of R-GOOS, GEOSS, Real-time data exchange, Fill the gaps

• Participation in International Program

Realtime Observation System using other marine facilities - Offshore Navigation Towers - Coastal Piers - Gas/Oil production tower – Navigation Buoys

How to persuade the owners to cooperate - Communication channel - Benefit through the outcomes of the real-time obs. System - Contribution to marine community - Support from regulating agencies

Examples Offshore light tower Gas Production Platform Coastal Piers Large scale coastal development

YOOS Design PrinciplesYOOS Design Principles ( (borrowed from US-GOOS, need to be modified)borrowed from US-GOOS, need to be modified)

• Enable users from both private & public sectors to

• Routinely, reliably & continuously serve data on core variables in forms & at rates specified by the users.

• Share data & information produced at public expense openly & fully in a timely fashion.

• Adhere to regional standards & protocols

• Build on, improve & enhance existing capabilities over time.

• Improve the capacity of all the region to participate in & benefit from the YOOS.

• Implement YOOS approved performance measures for all of the above.

20

Observation System

( Expensive, Need Cost efficient approach)

-Multi-function of ocean observing system

-Extension of the existing coastal observation system

-Making most of the existing facilities .

-Real-time telemetry system for coastal waters

- Governance duplication problem

Cooperation for Regional GOOS i). Boundary Conditions for coastal models to solve various coastal problems need be obtained through regional or basin-scale models covering all the regional area. ii). Neighboring countries normally have common problems in coastal disasters induced by the same kind of events. iii). Neighboring countries share a common interest in preserving and managing the marine environments and resources of the regional sea.

Obstacles to realtime exchange of the ocean observation data i). Not much experience with data exchange or benefit from data sharing ii). Conflict with national interest (Security and Pollution Problems) ii). Technical Problems

How to overcome the obstacles in ocean data exchange The most essential matters in promoting regional observing systems is that each participating country recognize the benefit of regional cooperation especially in coastal hazard reduction

Local Ferry Routs in Korea and between Chinese ports and Incheon

-temperature, salinity, pH, DO, chlorophyll and -turbidity and also GPS positioning system.

Limitation of Buoys and Towers . Difficult to cover wide area . Difficult in maintaining the Sensors for Chemical, Biological Parameters => Ferry Boat Monitoring Most Efficient Method of Marine Env. Monitoring Bi-lateral cooperation is essential for regional seas

Necessity of near real-timeobservation of 3-D structures

East/Japan Sea: ARGOYellow Sea : ? - Drift buoy: just for surface - Ferry Box (Cooperation with China) - Near-real time operation of oceanographic survey (NFRDI) - Buoy with vertical observation of U.V and T,S

Vertical Profile of U,V, T and S from the offshore buoy in the Yellow Sea