Petar Bulat, Kenichi Hirose, Jovan Protić

Occupational Safety and Health

in the Construction Sector in Serbia

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DECENT WORK TECHNICAL SUPPORT TEAM AND COUNTRY OFFICE FOR CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE

Occupational Safety and Health

in the Construction Sector in Serbia

Petar Bulat, Kenichi Hirose, Jovan Protić

Cop right © I ter atio al La our Organization 2018

First published 2018

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Bulat, Petar; Hirose, Kenichi; Protić, Jo a .

ISBN: 978-92-2-132728-8 (print); 978-92-2-132729-5 (web pdf) English edition

ISBN: 978-92-2-132730-1 (print); 978-92-2-132731-8 (web pdf) Serbian edition

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Printed in Serbia Co er photo © Alexey Klementiev via Getty Images

...................................................................................................................................v

.................................................................................. 1

...................................................................................... 5

2.1. Problems with reporting .............................................................................................. 5

2.2. Reported work accident data in construction ............................................................. 6

.............................................................................................. 10

.............. 12

4.1. Legislation on OSH in construction ............................................................................ 12

4.2. Key actors and national actions in OSH in construction ............................................ 13

4.3. Assessment list of construction companies .............................................................. 14

4.4. Employment injury benefits ....................................................................................... 15

............................................................................ 17

............................................................................................................................. 19

List of persons interviewed ..................................................................................... 21

Example of OSH annex in a subcontractor contract ................................................ 22

Table 1. Key demographic and economic indicators of Serbia, 2007-2016 ............................... 2

Table 2. Statistics of workers in the construction sector in Serbia, 2007-2016 ........................ 3

Table 3. Age distribution of the workers in the construction sector in Serbia, 2012-2013 ....... 3

Table 4. Number of enterprises in the construction sector in Serbia by type

and size, 2010-2014 ..................................................................................................... 4

Table 5. Number of work accidents in all sectors in Serbia, 2009-2016 .................................... 6

Table 6. Fatal work accidents in all sectors in Serbia by cause, 2010-2016 .............................. 7

Table 7. Fatal work accidents in the construction sector in Serbia by cause, 2013-2016 ......... 8

Table 8. Severe and fatal work accidents in the construction sector in Serbia

by size of enterprises, 2013-2016 ................................................................................ 9

Co stru tio is o e of the largest a d ost hazardous i dustrial se tors glo all . Co stru tio orkers suffer a high u er of ork a ide ts, espe iall se ere a d fatal o es, hi h raise a

serious o er of the tripartite o stitue ts of the I ter atio al La our Orga izatio ILO .

The purpose of this report is to pro ide a o prehe si e re ie of the urre t o upatio al safet a d health OSH situatio i the o stru tio i dustr i Ser ia assessi g gaps i the atio al OSH s ste a d ide tif i g priorit areas for atio al OSH poli ies a d progra es.

This report as drafted Prof Petar Bulat, Fa ult of Medi i e, U i ersit of Belgrade, ith supple e tar o tri utio s fro Mr Ke i hi Hirose, Se ior Spe ialist i So ial Se urit of the ILO De e t Work Te h i al Support Tea for Ce tral a d Easter Europe ILO DWT/CO-Budapest , a d Mr Jo a Proti , ILO Natio al Coordi ator for Ser ia. This fi al report i orporates o e ts fro the OSH e perts a d so ial part ers at the alidatio orkshop orga ized o O to er 8, i Belgrade.

The report is orga ized as follo s: Se tio is a o er ie of the Ser ia o stru tio se tor, ith a fo us o the su o tra ti g stru ture. Se tio s a d a al ze ork a ide ts i o stru tio ,

ased o reported data a d i ter ie s of ke stakeholders. Se tio prese ts the re ie of the atio al OSH s ste i ludi g OSH legislatio , atio al a tio s a d o pe satio . Se tio o ludes ith the su ar of ke issues a d re o e datio s.

We trust that ke fi di gs a d re o e datio s i this report ill ser e as a asis for atio al authorities, OSH e perts a d so ial part ers to i pro e safet o ditio s i the o stru tio i dustr i Ser ia.

Markus Pilgrim Kenichi Hirose

Director Senior Social Protection Specialist

ILO DWT/CO-Budapest ILO DWT/CO-Budapest

v

1

Ke statisti al i di ato s of the Repu li of Se ia f o to a e p ese ted i Ta le . The u e t populatio of Se ia is slightl a o e se e illio hile sho i g a de li i g a d agei g

t e d. Mo eo e , the u e plo e t ate has ee o siste tl high fo the last de ade, although it has de eased f o . pe e t i to . pe e t i . pe e t i the se o d

ua te of . Ho e e , the u e plo e t ate a o g the outh is o e tha dou le at . pe e t. The e o o i g o th has ee stag a t si e the glo al e o o i isis that sta ted i

, ith a a e age a ual g o th of a ou d pe e t. Afte a de ade of odest g o th Se ia s e o o is e pe ted to g o . pe e t i . The GDP pe apita, adjusted Pu hasi g Po e Pa it , as e ui ale t to , USD i , hi h is at the le el of pe e t of the EU- a e age.

The size of the Se ia o st u tio se to a ges et ee . pe e t a d . pe e t of GDP. This le el is o pa ati el lo e tha its eigh ou i g ou t ies su h as Al a ia . pe e t , Fo e Yugosla Repu li of Ma edo ia . pe e t , a d Ro a ia . pe e t . The o st u tio se to i Se ia as se iousl affe ted the glo al e o o i isis. As sho i Ta le , the u e of o st u tio o ke s de eased pe e t f o , i to , i . This

egati e t e d has ee o ti ui g i the su se ue t ea s. I the u e of o st u tio o ke s as , , hi h is pe e t less tha the p e- isis le el a d a ou ts fo . pe e t

of the e plo ed populatio .

Al ost pe e t of o st u tio o ke s a e e . B age g oup, as sho i Ta le , the o st u tio o ke s a e o e t ated i the age g oup of - ea s, follo ed - ea s

a d - ea s. B edu atio al le el, ost of o st u tio o ke s ha e o pleted se o da s hool. It is o se ed that the sha e of o ke s ith p i a s hool edu atio has ee de easi g

hile the sha e of o ke s ith u i e sit deg ees has ee slightl i easi g. Al ost half of the egiste ed o ke s a e e gaged i spe ialized o st u tio a ti ities, a d the e ai i g half a e

al ost e uall di ided i to o st u tio of uildi gs a d i il e gi ee i g.

The o st u tio se to i Se ia e hi its a high deg ee of i fo alit . As sho i Ta le , the pe e tage of u egiste ed o st u tio o ke s has i eased sig ifi a tl si e . It is esti ated that . pe e t of o st u tio o ke s e e ot egiste ed i .

As sho i Ta le , al ost pe e t of o st u tio o pa ies i Se ia a e i o e te p ises e plo i g less tha o ke s, he e the u e of su h o pa ies has ee isi g i e e t ea s. A out pe e t of i o e te p ises a e e gaged i o st u tio of uildi gs a d

spe ialized o st u tio a ti ities, hile ediu a d la ge o st u tio o pa ies a e ai l e gaged i i il e gi ee i g. A esti ated a e age u e of o st u tio o ke s, i ludi g u egiste ed o ke s, pe o pa as . i .

As i othe ou t ies, su o t a ti g is a o o p a ti e ithi the o st u tio se to i Se ia. La ge o st u tio o pa ies usuall e o e the host o pa ies a d su o t a t a ious t pes of supplie s at a ious stages of o st u tio p oje ts. Depe di g o the size a d o ple it of the p oje ts, a si gle o st u tio p oje t a i ol e ultiple hai s of supplie s a d su o t a to s. E e tuall , s all o pa ies a d self-e plo ed o ke s a e the o es ho fi all a out the uildi g o k. I the o te t of Se ia, t pi al oles of o st u tio o pa ies i the o t a tual st u tu e of o st u tio p oje ts a e des i ed as follo s:

2

Fo eig o pa ies ope ate i the Se ia a ket eithe th ough thei a h offi es o esta lishi g lo al su sidia o pa ies. The usuall u de take la ge a d ediu s ale o st u tio p oje ts, hi h t pi all o p ise of ulti illio eu o o st u tio p oje ts su h

as ulti-sto uildi gs, high a s, idges et . These o pa ies usuall e plo a li ited u e of thei o staff a d a elati el s all u e of lo al a age s fo the supe isio

of o st u tio sites. Mo eo e , the e gage se e al lo al su o t a to s hi h ould go up to fi e o si su o t a ti g le els depe di g o the size a d o ple it of p oje ts. Ge e all , those lo al su o t a to s ope ate u de st i t supe isio of the fo eig o pa to appl its ope atio al ules i ludi g the o es o OSH.

La ge a d ediu Se ia o st u tio o pa ies e e ute la ge a d ediu p oje ts as the ai o t a to s. The usuall e gage lo al su o t a to s up to th ee le els of

su o t a ti g. I this ase, al ost all fo e e a e e plo ees of the ai o t a to o pa a d the p o ide full-ti e supe isio at the o st u tio sites.

S all a d i o Se ia o st u tio o pa ies u de take s all p oje ts, hi h a e usuall less tha a illio eu o su h as o st u tio of apa t e ts, i di idual uildi gs, oads et . The also e ei e su o t a ti g o ks f o la ge o pa ies. I oth ases, these o pa ies e gage su o t a to s espe iall as the p oje t deadli e app oa hes. At this le el, the e a e

ot a su o t a to s i ol ed, usuall less tha te . These su o t a to s a e ofte u egiste ed o ke s, ho a e ofte ot paid i full, o i ti e. These o pa ies p o ide li ited supe isio a d ha e li ited e pe tise i OSH. Mo eo e , i o o st u tio p oje ts a e a el i spe ted la ou i spe to s.

Table 1. Key demographic and economic indicators of Serbia, 2007-2016

Indicator units 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Total populatio thousa ds , , , , , , , , , ,

Wo ki g age populatio

- ea s

thousa ds , , , , , , , , , ,

E o o i all a ti e populatio *

thousa ds , , , , , , , , , ,

E plo ed populatio

thousa ds , , , , , , , , , ,

U e plo ed populatio

thousa ds

Sha e of o ki g age populatio

pe e t . % . % . % . % . % . % . % . % . % . %

La ou a ket pa ti ipatio ate

pe e t . % . % . % . % . % . % . % . % . % . %

U e plo e t ate

pe e t . % . % . % . % . % . % . % . % . % . %

Youth e e plo -e t ate

pe e t . % . % . % . % . % . % . % . % . % -

GDP pe apita at u e t p i es USD PPPs , , , , , , , , , ,

GDP eal g o th ate

pe e t . % . % - . % . % . % - . % . % - . % . % . %

Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia.

* including population aged 65 or over

3

Table 2. Statistics of workers in the construction sector in Serbia, 2007-2016

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Employed persons

in construction 161,251 177,454 136,779 120,689 118,726 114,853 126,620 115,100 116,700 115,900

- Males 144,403 160,992 122,075 104,536 106,795 105,022 112,542 98,700 103,200 105,100

- Females 16,848 16,462 14,704 16,153 11,751 9,831 14,078 16,400 13,500 10,800

As % of the

employed

population

6.1% 6.3% 5.2% 5.0% 5.3% 5.2% 5.3% 4.5% 4.5% 4.3%

- Males 9.3% 10.0% 8.2% 7.6% 8.2% 8.1% 8.2% 6.8% 7.0% 6.9%

- Females 1.5% 1.4% 1.3% 1.6% 1.2% 1.1% 1.4% 1.5% 1.2% 0.9%

Distribution by education level:

- No or incomplete

primary school - 4.7% 0.2% 2.9% 3.1% 0.4% 0.0% - - -

- Primary school - 25.9% 27.1% 19.2% 20.1% 24.2% 18.8% - - -

- Secondary school - 58.3% 60.4% 63.6% 63.3% 59.1% 66.7% - - -

- High school or

University degree - 11.1% 12.2% 14.3% 13.5% 16.3% 14.5% - - -

Registered workers

in construction 135,828 139,036 119,669 107,651 103,655 97,846 92,883 88,652 88,123 88,127

% of non-registered

workers in the

employed persons

in construction

15.8% 21.6% 12.5% 10.8% 12.7% 14.8% 26.6% 23.0% 24.5% 24.0%

Distribution by type of work:

- Construction of

buildings 27.2% 27.1% 27.7% 23.8% 23.4% 21.5% 21.7% 21.4% 25.6% 24.9%

- Civil engineering 24.3% 23.5% 24.9% 26.0% 27.5% 29.6% 29.7% 29.5% 26.2% 27.4%

- Specialised con-

struction activities 48.6% 49.4% 47.5% 50.2% 49.0% 48.8% 48.7% 49.1% 48.2% 47.7%

Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia.

Table 3. Age distribution of the workers in the construction sector

in Serbia, 2012-2013

Age-group 2012 2013

Number % Number %

15-24 5,299 4.9% 3,996 3.2%

25-34 20,574 19.0% 29,762 23.5%

35-44 30,047 27.8% 38,144 30.1%

45-54 30,338 28.1% 30,608 24.2%

55-64 21,217 19.6% 22,605 17.9%

65 or above 573 0.5% 1,506 1.2%

Total 108,048 100.0% 126,621 100.0%

Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia.

4

Table 4. Number of enterprises in the construction sector in Serbia

by type and size, 2010-2014

By type By size 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Construction of

buildings

Micro (0-9) 2,739 2,785 2,889 3,001 3,011

Small (10-49) 367 354 337 308 300

Medium (50-249) 63 66 48 44 45

Large (250 or more) 11 8 7 6 3

Total 3,180 3,213 3,281 3,359 3,359

Civil engineering

Micro (0-9) 179 221 254 302 325

Small (10-49) 68 86 95 105 107

Medium (50-249) 76 80 77 82 73

Large (250 or more) 34 35 35 30 31

Total 357 422 461 519 536

Specialised

construction

activities

Micro (0-9) 3,058 3,112 3,125 3,179 3,085

Small (10-49) 460 447 431 397 383

Medium (50-249) 34 77 72 65 60

Large (250 or more) 9 9 8 7 8

Total 3,561 3,645 3,636 3,648 3,536

All types

Micro (0-9) 5,976 6,118 6,268 6,482 6,421

Small (10-49) 895 887 863 810 790

Medium (50-249) 173 223 197 191 178

Large (250 or more) 54 52 50 43 42

Total 7,098 7,280 7,378 7,526 7,431

Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia.

5

A ti le of the La o Pe sio a d Disa ilit I su a e1 defi es o k a ide t as a i ju of a i su ed o ke that o u s i spatial, te po al a d ausal o e tio ith the pe fo a e of

o k o the asis of hi h he/she is i su ed, aused i ediate a d sho t-te e ha i al, ph si al o he i al a tio , sudde ha ges i the positio of the od , sudde od load o othe ha ges i the ph siologi al state of the o ga is . O the othe ha d, A ti le of the La o

Health I su a e2 defi es o k a ide t as a i ju , ill ess o death a isi g as a esult of a a ide t at o k, o as a esult of a u e pe ted o u pla ed e e t, i ludi g a a t of iole e esulti g f o o k o elated to o k a d hi h has led to the i ju , ill ess o death of the

i su ed pe so i ediatel o i the pe iod of o ths f o the date of the o u e e of the i ju at o k. Both la s e og ize o uti g a ide ts as o k a ide ts.

Ta le p ese ts statisti s of o k a ide ts i Se ia f o th ee diffe e t sou es. It is i po ta t to e a a e of the issue of u de epo ti g hile e a i i g the o k a ide t statisti s.3 A o di g to the La , e plo e s a e o liged to epo t all o k a ide ts esulti g i a a se e of th ee o

o e da s.4 Ho e e , this o ligatio is ot fulfilled i a ases, spe ifi all ith ega ds to i o i ju ies. I Se ia, the O upatio al Safet a d Health Di e to ate he ei afte efe ed to

as the OSH Di e to ate a d the I stitute of Pu li Health a e espo si le fo olle ti g data o o k a ide ts a d o o upatio al diseases, espe ti el . Ho e e , the offi ial egiste of o k

a ide ts a d o upatio al diseases has ot ee p ope l fu tio al. 5

A o e plausi le total u e of o k a ide ts a e o tai ed f o the Health I su a e Fu d. Ea h ea the Health I su a e Fu d e o ds app o i atel , o k a ide ts. Ho e e , the OSH Di e to ate egiste s less tha half of that u e . It should also e oted that the u e t e plo e t i ju e efit s ste , hi h i poses e plo e s to di e tl pa si k lea e e efits fo up to si o ths i ases of o k- elated a ide ts a d diseases,6 a a t as disi e ti es fo

1 Official Gazette of the RS No. 34/2003, 85/2005, 5/2009, 107/2009, 101/2010, 93/2012, 62/2013,

108/2013, 75/2014, 142/2014. 2 Official Gazette of the RS No. 107/2005, 57/2011, 119/2012, 99/2014, 123/2014, 106/2015. 3 Fo details, see ILO . 4 Withi the u e t s ste , the e plo e should otif the La ou I spe to ate ithi hou s of the

o u e e of the a ide t, a d o plete a o k i ju epo t fo to lai e plo e t i ju e efits. O e op of the fo ill e su itted to the i ju ed o ke , the e plo e , a d the OSH Di e to ate ea h, a d t o opies to the Health I su a e Fu d the se o d op ill e su itted to the Pe sio a d Disa ilit I su a e Fu d he the e efi ia is assessed to e pe a e tl disa led a d eligi le fo disa ilit pe sio s . The La ou I spe to ate is ot i luded i the list of e ipie ts of the epo t fo s.

5 This is pa ti ula l the ase ith o upatio al diseases, hi h e o ded o l ases i . 6 I ase of o - o k- elated a ide ts, e plo e s a e lia le o l fo the pa e t of the fi st da s of

si k lea e.

6

epo ti g o k a ide ts a d diseases. A o pa ati e a al sis et ee Se ia a d Ge a suggests that the u e of epo ted o k a ide ts pe o ke s i Se ia is th ee ti es less tha that of Ge a . This i di ates that the u e of epo ted o k a ide ts a d o upatio al diseases i Se ia a ou ts fo o l a s all po tio of the a tual figu es.7

I additio , the La ou I spe to ate is i ha ge of i estigati g se e e, olle ti e a d fatal o k a ide ts. As it is diffi ult fo a e plo e to a oid epo ti g fatal, se e e a d olle ti e i ju ies, the data e o ded the La ou I spe to ate a e o side ed to e the ost elia le, although so e dis epa ies a e fou d et ee the La ou I spe tio data a d the Health I su a e Fu d data.8

The o k a ide t data disagg egated se to a e o l a aila le fo se e e a d fatal ases f o the La ou I spe to ate. As sho i Ta le , the o st u tio se to a ou ts fo pe e t of se e e o k a ide ts a d pe e t of fatal o k a ide ts i . Fu the o e, the o st u tio se to e hi its . ti es highe i ide e ate of se e e a ide ts a d ti es

highe i ide e ate of fatal a ide ts tha the ates of all i dust ies.

The La ou I spe tio is espo si le fo i estigati g the ause of fatal a ide ts. As sho i Ta le , the top ause of fatal a ide ts is fall f o height hi h a ou ted fo pe e t of all fatal a ide ts i . Fu the o e, Ta le p ese ts the u e of fatal a ide ts a o di g to thei ause i the o st u tio se to . It should e o se ed that pe e t out of of fatal a ide ts fall f o height o u ed i the o st u tio se to du i g .

Table 5. Number of work accidents in all sectors in Serbia, 2009-2016

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Health Insurance Fund

Nu e of e plo e t i ju e efits , , , , , , , ,

Se e e a ide ts 4,172 4,130 3,631 2,841 3,268 3,103 3,395 3,223

Fatal a ide ts 32 37 26 22 32 25 23 47

OSH Dire torate

Nu e of epo ted o k a ide ts 9,391 8,670 , 6,765 7,766 7,457 7,991 9,064

Se e e a ide ts 1,472 1,222 1,387 829 1,237 1,153 1,176 1,236

Fatal a ide ts 12 4 10 6 3 1 5 8

La our Inspe torate

Nu e of i spe ted o k a ide ts 1,286 1,322 1,082 1,243 1,146 1,100 947 900

Se e e a ide ts 1,004 1,026 958 1,003 849 904 780 774

Fatal a ide ts 37 35 43 39 35 38 38 42

Indi en e rates per workers

Se e e a ide ts 0.38 0.43 0.43 0.45 0.37 0.36 0.30 0.28

Fatal a ide ts 0.014 0.015 0.019 0.018 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015

7 ILO . 8 La ou i spe tio disti guishes fatal o k a ide ts f o se e e o k a ide ts ith fatal out o e ut

o l fo legal easo s, thus, i fu the te t those t o g oups ill e e ged si e the ulti ate out o e is fatal.

7

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

of whi h: onstru tion se tor

Se e e a ide ts 201 178 144 142 112 117 101 124

Fatal a ide ts 12 14 23 22 14 12 15 22

Share of the onstru tion se tor

Se e e a ide ts 20.0% 17.3% 15.0% 14.2% 13.2% 12.9% 12.9% 16.0%

Fatal a ide ts 32.4% 40.0% 53.5% 56.4% 40.0% 31.6% 39.5% 52.4%

Indi en e rates per onstru tion workers

Se e e a ide ts 1.47 1.47 1.21 1.24 0.88 1.02 0.87 1.07

Fatal a ide ts 0.088 0.116 0.194 0.192 0.111 0.104 0.129 0.190

Source: Labour Inspectorate annual reports

Ta le . Fatal work a idents in all se tors in Ser ia y ause, -

2010 2011 2012 2013* 2014 2015 2016 Total

2010-16

Fall f o height 12 9 14 - 2 13 13 63

Ele t i sho k 6 8 9 - 9 8 7 47

Falli g o je t 2 5 5 - 11 10 9 40

Mo i g pa ts of a hi e

5 8 5 - 0 2 6 25

Ea th a kfilli g 6 11 0 - 4 0 1 22

D o i g 0 0 3 - 0 2 3 8

E plosio 0 0 2 - 0 3 2 6

Choki g 2 1 0 - 0 0 0 3

Othe 2 2 2 - 13 2 1 21

Total 35 43 39 35 38 38 42 235

Sha e

Fall f o height 34.0% 21.0% 37.0% - 5.0% 33.0% 31.0% 26.7%

Ele t i sho k 17.0% 18.0% 23.0% - 24.0% 20.0% 17.0% 19.8%

Falli g o je t 6.0% 11.0% 12.0% - 28.0% 25.0% 21.0% 17.2%

Mo i g pa ts of a hi e

14.0% 18.0% 12.0% - 0.0% 4.0% 14.0% 10.5%

Ea th a kfilli g 17.0% 25.0% 0.0% - 10.0% 0.0% 3.0% 9.3%

D o i g 0.0% 0.0% 8.0% - 0.0% 4.0% 7.0% 3.2%

E plosio 0.0% 0.0% 4.0% - 0.0% 8.0% 4.0% 2.7%

Choki g 6.0% 3.0% 0.0% - 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.4%

Othe 6.0% 4.0% 4.0% - 33.0% 6.0% 3.0% 9.1%

Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% - 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Source: Labour Inspectorate annual reports

*Note. Labour Inspectorate annual report for 2013 does not contain data on causes of fatal work

accidents.

8

Ta le . Fatal work a idents in the onstru tion se tor in Ser ia y ause, -

2013 2014 2015 2016 Total

2013-16

Fall f o height 8 7 10 12 37

Ea th a kfilli g 3 1 2 5 11

Ele t i sho k 1 1 1 2 5

Falli g o je t 0 1 0 2 3

Othe 2 2 2 1 7

Total 14 12 15 22 63

Sha e

Fall f o height 57.1% 58.3% 66.7% 54.5% 58.7%

Ea th a kfilli g 21.4% 8.3% 13.3% 22.7% 17.5%

Ele t i sho k 7.1% 8.3% 6.7% 9.1% 7.9%

Falli g o je t 0.0% 8.3% 0.0% 9.1% 4.8%

Othe 14.3% 16.7% 13.3% 4.5% 11.1%

Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Sha e of all se to

Fall f o height - 57.1% 83.3% 92.2% 81.2%

Ea th a kfilli g - 50.0% 100.0% 79.4% 76.0%

Ele t i sho k - 80.0% 13.2% 28.0% 40.5%

Falli g o je t - 9.4% 22.2% 56.7% 28.1%

Othe 40.0% 31.6% 39.5% 52.4% 41.5%

Source: Labour Inspectorate annual reports

As p o ided i the p e ious se tio , the size of o st u tio e te p ises a e ega ded as a p o i di ato of thei positio i the suppl hai . Ta le p ese ts the u e of se e e a d fatal

o k a ide ts the size of e te p ises i the o st u tio se to .9 It should e o se ed that i , pe e t of fatal a ide ts o u ed i i o a d s all o st u tio o pa ies. Mo eo e ,

a i easi g u e of se e e a ide ts o u ed i ediu o st u tio o pa ies. E pe ts poi t out that the a tual u e of se e e a ide ts i s all a d i o o pa ies ould e highe

e ause it is possi le to hide e e se e e o k a ide ts i s all a d i o o st u tio sites as the a e a el i spe ted la ou i spe to s. These o se atio s suppo t the ie that the use of su o t a ti g t a sfe s a ide t isks to o ke s at the e d of the suppl hai ho ofte e pe ie e poo o ki g o ditio s a d ha e elati el less p ote tio .

9 The authors express sincere appreciation to the Labour Inspectorate of Serbia for compiling the

data of work accidents in the construction sector by size of enterprises for the purposes of this

study.

9

Table 8. Severe and fatal work accidents in the construction sector in Serbia

by size of enterprises, 2013-2016

Severe accidents

2013 2014 2015 2016 Total

2013-06

Micro (0-9) 16 17 15 10 58

Small (10-49) 33 29 21 19 102

Medium (50-249) 29 28 38 69 164

Large (250 or more) 34 33 27 24 118

Total 112 107 101 122 442

Share

Micro (0-9) 14.3% 15.9% 14.9% 8.2% 13.1%

Small (10-49) 29.5% 27.1% 20.8% 15.6% 23.1%

Medium (50-249) 25.9% 26.2% 37.6% 56.6% 37.1%

Large (250 or more) 30.4% 30.8% 26.7% 19.7% 26.7%

Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Fatal accidents

2013 2014 2015 2016 Total

2013-06

Micro (0-9) 3 3 4 8 18

Small (10-49) 7 3 6 10 26

Medium (50-249) 2 5 3 3 13

Large (250 or more) 2 1 2 1 6

Total 14 12 15 22 63

Share

Micro (0-9) 21.4% 25.0% 26.7% 36.4% 28.6%

Small (10-49) 50.0% 25.0% 40.0% 45.5% 41.3%

Medium (50-249) 14.3% 41.7% 20.0% 13.6% 20.6%

Large (250 or more) 14.3% 8.3% 13.3% 4.5% 9.5%

Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

10

To supple e t the a al sis of o k a ide t data, a se ies of i te ie s e e o du ted ith ke stakeholde s i Se ia. The i te ie s e e o du ted i August a d Septe e of . A e

su a izes the list of i te ie ed pe so s a d thei a kg ou ds. The ai poi ts a e su a ized as follo s:

Rep ese tati es of o st u tio o pa ies lai ed that the e is a se ious sho tage of ualified o kfo e. The suggested that o atio al edu atio p og a es i uildi g a d o st u tio

should e i p o ed a d fo us o e o OSH. Fu the o e, it is esse tial fo a age s a d fo e e to i p o e thei apa it to i ple e t OSH easu es at o st u tio sites. So e e plo e s a d fo e e te d to egle t te h ologi al dis ipli e o safet ules i o de to lo e thei osts o to speed up the p o ess to eet the deadli es.

All i te ie ed pe so s dee su o t a ti g e essa fo the o st u tio i dust . This is ai l due to the la k of skilled afts e i Se ia, he e o t a ti g o pa ies eed to use

su o t a to s fo tasks hi h a ot e o pleted thei o o ke s, su h as heati g a d li atizatio . La ge o pa ies usuall eate a list of spe ialized te h i ia s fo these spe ial o ks a d ai tai usi ess elatio ships ith the as su o t a to s. Su o t a to s a e also

used fo e tai tasks i the fi al aft o ks, as it is o e effi ie t fo a o pa to outsou e so e of the fi al aft o ks to su o t a to s tha to fi ish the ith its o e isti g e plo ees. The su o t a to s a e paid o the asis of the tasks a o plished. Thus, the a e

o e oti ated to fi ish the jo as soo as possi le a d o e o to the e t o e. Mo e i po ta tl , su o t a ti g helps la ge a d ediu o st u tio o pa ies to ope ith seaso al a ket flu tuatio hile ai tai i g a fi ed u e of thei o o kfo e.

I ge e al, la ge o st u tio o pa ies a e o itted to allo ate esou es to de elop OSH e pe tise a d appl safet p o edu es a d sta da ds. Ma la ge o pa ies i Se ia ha e o tai ed e tifi atio of ISO , ISO a d ISO sta da ds. So e ai o t a to s e e e ui e thei su o t a to s to sig a a e o OSH to the ai o t a t.10 The OSH a e spe ifies the duties of ea h o t a ted pa t a d OSH oo di ato . Fu the o e, so e ai o t a to s also assu e the espo si ilit fo o k a ide ts of the o ke s of su o t a to s

u de thei supe isio .

I ases of iolatio of OSH ules, la ou i spe to s su it i spe tio epo ts to the ou t. Ho e e , su h ases a e a el p ose uted i the ou t.

10 An example is attached as Annex 2.

11

I a ases, use of pe so al p ote ti e e uip e t is ot full o plied ith. E e though e plo e s p o ide ode pe so al p ote ti e e uip e t, the e is a te de a o g the

o ke s to a oid its use. E plo e s should e su e that thei e plo ees use pe so al p ote ti e e uip e t p ope l .

In addition, it was reported that only large construction companies conduct alcohol testing for

all workers at their construction site. No construction company in Serbia provides the test of

psychoactive substance abuse. Employers should not allow workers to work in high risk work

places without proper health screening, including a strict control of the use of alcohol and

psychoactive substances.

Some interviewees highlighted the lack of regulation within the construction sector in Serbia.

They stated that there are no minimum criteria for the registration of construction companies.

For instance, some small construction companies are established for a single use. They

typically employ unregistered workforce and are closed after finishing one project. It would

be hard to expect that such companies pay due attention to OSH.

12

The La o O upatio al Safet a d Health11 is a fu da e tal la i the field of OSH. The La esta lishes the ights a d o ligatio s of o ke s a d e plo e s, a d fo esees p e e tio

easu es of o k a ide ts a d o upatio al diseases. The La efle ts the e ui e e ts set fo th i the u e t ILO Co e tio s a d Re o e datio s as ell as othe i te atio al sta da ds i this field. The La ou Code12 also o tai s the p o isio s o OSH.

Co e i g the o st u tio se to , A ti le of the La o O upatio al Safet a d Health e ui es the e plo e to otif the La ou I spe to ate a out the o e e e t of o st u tio eight da s i ad a e a d p o ide the I spe to ate ith a pla of the o st u tio

site. The e plo e is o liged to p o ide, ai tai a d i ple e t safet a d health easu es at the o st u tio site, a d p o ptl i fo the La ou I spe to ate i the e e t of a da ages

hi h ould jeopa dize the o st u tio o k.

The La o Pla i g a d Co st u tio 13 egulates the espo si ilities of o t a to s a d su o t a to s. A ti le of this La stipulates that su o t a to s a e lia le fo p e e ti e OSH

easu es o o st u tio sites fo thei e plo ees.

A ti le of the Regulatio o safet a d health at o k o te po a o o ile o st u tio sites14 stipulates that he a i esto o t a ts t o o o e o t a to s at the sa e ti e, the i esto is o liged to desig ate p oje t oo di ato s espo si le fo supe isio at ea h o st u tio site. Ho e e , the e is o li it to the u e of o st u tio sites supe ised o e oo di ato . I additio , if a o st u tio o k takes o e tha da s a d i ol es o e tha

e plo ees o ki g o a o st u tio site, o if the pla ed o k takes a total of o e tha pe so -da s, the i esto is o liged to su it a P e e tio Pla a d the o st u tio site

epo t fo s to the espo si le La ou I spe tio Offi e. Ho e e , the i ple e tatio of this egulatio is fa i g halle ges. Cu e tl , o l a out pe e t of the i esto s ha e o i ated

p oje t oo di ato s.

11 Official Gazette of the RS No. 101/2005, 91/2015 and 113/2017. 12 Official Gazette of the RS No. 24/2005, 61/2005, 54/2009, 32/2013, 75/2014, and 113/2017. 13 Official Gazette of the RS No. 72/2009, 81/2009, 64/2010, 24/2011, 121/2012, 42/2013, 50/2013,

98/2013, 132/2014 and 145/2014. 14 Official Gazette of the RS No. 14/2009 and 95/2010.

13

More detailed rules on OSH in the construction sector are provided in a number of

rulebooks.15 The two most relevant among them are:

the Rule ook o the o te ts of the p oje t of the la out of the o st u tio site, hi h e ui es that the o st u tio p oje t ust e a ied out at the a tual site, a d that e essa i fo atio ust e i luded su h as the list of high- isk jo positio s, a es of

the o ke s e gaged i those positio s a d the esults of thei edi al e a i atio s, as ell as the list of e plo ees t ai ed i OSH easu es set out i the ele a t stud , a d

the Rule ook o p ote tio at o k du i g o st u tio a ti ities, hi h egulates p e e ti e OSH easu es that ust e p o ided the e plo e a d applied di e tl at ea h site, ega dless of the t pe of o k. It p es i es spe ial OSH easu es that a e applied du i g o st u tio o k, su h as the setup of the o st u tio site, g ou d o k, o k o heights, o k o platfo s a d ladde s, p ote tio f o the falls f o height, aso o ks, et .

I Se ia, the La ou I spe to ate a d the OSH Di e to ate, u de the Mi ist of La ou , E plo e t, Vete a a d So ial Poli , sha e the espo si ilit fo the de elop e t a d e fo e e t of the atio al OSH poli . The OSH Cou il – a ulti-pa t od o sisti g of ep ese tati es of ele a t i ist ies, a ade i a d edi al i stitutio s as ell as so ial pa t e s

– p epa es the atio al OSH st ateg a d its a tio pla . I additio , the Mi ist of Co st u tio , T affi a d I f ast u tu e is i ha ge of the supe isio of the Co st u tio i spe to ate. The e is

o fo al oo di atio e ha is et ee these i stitutio s hi h o k o OSH i o st u tio .

The La ou I spe to ate u e tl has la ou i spe to s.16 The Go e e t pla s to i ease the u e of la ou i spe to s to the e d of . Du i g ea h la ou i spe to

as tasked to o du t at least la ou i spe tio ith ega d to OSH, ost of hi h took pla e i haza dous o st u tio sites.

Both the La ou I spe to ate a d the OSH Di e to ate a e a a e that the o st u tio se to i Se ia has a e o d of high u e s of se e e a d fatal o upatio al a ide ts. Thus, the o st u tio se to i Se ia has ee the ta get of a ious a a e ess- aisi g a paig s a d

t ai i gs o OSH.

15 A list of rulebooks related to occupational safety and health in construction is found in Reference. 16 The estimated number of employees per labour inspector was 11,500 in 2017 in Serbia. The level

exceeds the ILO benchmark for transition economies (20,000) and is close to the benchmark for

industrialized economies (10,000).

14

A tio s take the La ou I spe to ate ha e ostl ee luste ed i a paig s of i te si e i spe tio of ajo i f ast u tu e o st u tio sites, hile little has ee do e o apa it

uildi g of o ke s ith ega ds to OSH.17 Du i g these i te si e i spe tio a paig s the fo us has ee o OSH, ut also the ide tifi atio of u egiste ed o ke s.

I additio , t ade u io s of o st u tio o ke s ha e o ga ized se e al a paig s alled Let s uild safel et ee a d ith suppo t f o a ious pa t e o ga izatio s, i ludi g

the ILO. The a paig s ha e fo used ostl o a a e ess aisi g of the t ade u io e e s th ough the disse i atio of i fo atio a d edu atio ate ials.

The Mi ist of Co st u tio , T affi a d I f ast u tu e p epa ed a d pu lished the White a d Bla k list of o pa ies i . A o di g to the Mi ist , the a ki g as ased o the ILO

La ou Clauses Pu li Co t a ts Co e tio , No. , hi h Se ia atified i De e e . Co st u tio o pa ies a e a ked o the asis of thei total poi ts al ulated f o the follo i g ta le:

Worker in open-ended employment +3 points per worker

Worker in temporary employment +2 points per worker

Worker in periodical employment +1 point per worker

Unregistered worker -1,000 points per worker

Severe work injury -500 points per case

Minor work injury -100 points per case

Debt -1 point per 10,000 RSD

As p o ided i the a o e ta le, the poi t s ste atta hes o e e phasis o the i fo al e plo e t tha o k a ide t e o d. Mo eo e , the s ste does ot o side fatal o k a ide ts.

The list f o i luded o st u tio o pa ies, of hi h e e o the White list a d o the Bla k list. It is ot lea as to ho the t o g oups of o pa ies e e disti guished i

te s of thei ut-off poi t. Out of the o pa ies o the Bla k list, e e so- alled pha to o pa ies ithout e plo ees. I De e e the Mi ist updated the list of o st u tio o pa ies, of hi h e e o the White list a d o the Bla k list.18

The e is a eed fo a updated p ofile of ea h o st u tio o pa to e used as efe e e fo the iddi g of state-fi a ed i f ast u tu e p oje ts. Ho e e , the White a d Bla k list a ot se e this pu pose, e ause it does ot i lude ke o pa data, e.g. e pe ie es, total apital, te h i al e uip e t, a ide t e o d. 17 In 2008 and 2009, the state authorities started atio al a tio Safet a d health o o st u tio

sites ith suppo t of Hol i . E pe ts isited o st u tio sites a d ad ised o t a to s o preventive measures.

18 http://www.mgsi.gov.rs/cir/dokumenti/bodovne-liste-izvodjacha-i-dobavljacha

15

A ti le of the La o O upatio al Safet a d Health stipulates that E plo e shall e lia le to i su e e plo ees fo i ju ies at o k, o upatio al diseases a d o k- elated diseases, i o de to e su e o pe satio s. The fi a ial ea s fo i su a e … shall e o e e plo e .

E plo e t i ju e efits a e p o ided ai l th ough t o so ial i su a e s ste s. The a e ased o the Health I su a e La ad i iste ed the Health I su a e Fu d, a d the Pe sio

a d Disa ilit I su a e La ad i iste ed the Pe sio a d Disa ilit I su a e Fu d. It should e oted that the pa e t of si k lea e e efits sala e efits fo te po a i apa it to o k

is a di e t fi a ial lia ilit of the e plo e . The ai e plo e t i ju e efits a e su a ized elo :

Wo ke s a e ei e o p ehe si e edi al a e f o health a e p o ide s o t a ted the Health I su a e Fu d. Fo o k- elated ases, the health i su a e o e s the full ost of e a i atio , t eat e t a d edi al eha ilitatio .

O the o u e e of a a ide t o a disease, ash si k ess e efits fo te po a i apa it to o k, o o l efe ed to as sala e efits, a e pa a le fo up to si o ths. Fo o k- elated

ases, the e efit is set at pe e t of the ase sala a d the e plo e is espo si le fo the pa e t of the e efit th oughout the e ti e du atio of the i apa it .

If the i ju ed o ke is ot fit fo o k afte si o ths a d assessed as pe a e t disa ilit , disa ilit pe sio s a e pa a le the Pe sio a d Disa ilit I su a e Fu d.

I additio , the Pe sio a d Disa ilit I su a e Fu d p o ides a fi ed- ate ash e efits o g ou ds of odil i pai e t aused a o k i ju o a o upatio al disease. The e is also ash o pe satio pa a le fo i di iduals ho p o ide a e fo i su ed pe so s o pe sio e s ho, due to i ju o si k ess, e ui e o sta t atte da e fo thei asi life eeds.

I the e e t of fatal ases, su i o s pe sio s a e pa a le. I additio , a fu e al g a t is pa a le to a pe so ho o e ed the fu e al ost of the de eased pe so .

Fo o pe satio s hi h a e ot di e tl elated to the apa it fo o k, i ti s of o k a ide ts o thei fa il ha e the ight to i itiate a la suit agai st the e plo e .

16

I Se ia, o upatio al isk a age e t is u de take diffe e t i stitutio s, i ludi g the OSH Di e to ate, the La ou I spe to ate, the Health I su a e Fu d, a d the Pe sio a d Disa ilit I su a e Fu d. Fo a ette o upatio al isk a age e t, a lose oo di atio et ee these i stitutio s should e p o oted. This ie is e og ized the La o O upatio al Safet a d Health of Se ia. A ti le of the La states that E plo e s, t ade u io s, i su a e o pa ies, o ga izatio s autho ized fo health a d pe sio a d disa ilit i su a e shall e lia le to oope ate i adopti g o o ie s o issues o e i g p o otio of safet a d health at o k, as ell as to take a e a out de elop e t a d p o otio of the ge e al ultu e ega di g

safet a d health at o k, i a o da e ith this La .

Also, A ti le of the sa e La stipulates that E plo e shall e lia le to i su e E plo ees fo i ju ies at o k, o upatio al diseases a d o k- elated diseases, i o de to e su e o pe satio s. The fi a ial ea s fo i su a e … shall e o e E plo e , a d the shall e dete i ed su je t to the le el of isk f o i ju , p ofessio al disease o o k- elated disease ith ega d to the o kpla e a d o ki g e i o e t. The e ui e e ts a d p o edu es

o e i g i su a e f o i ju ies at o k, o upatio al diseases a d o k- elated diseases of E plo ees shall e go e ed the La . The go e e t pla s to p epa e a d aft la o the e plo e t i ju i su a e .

17

F o the a al sis ade i this epo t, the follo i g o lusio s a d e o e datio s a e de i ed:

Se ia has o p ehe si e legislatio o OSH i the o st u tio se to , ho e e the e og ized p o le is its e fo e e t. The ajo issues a e as follo s:

OSH o ittees i ost of the o st u tio o pa ies a e ot esta lished o ot fu tio i g. As a esult, ot all e plo e s i the o st u tio se to ha e o du ted isk assess e t a o di g to the ule ook o isk assess e t o o kpla e a d o ki g e i o e t. Mo eo e , e e if o st u tio o pa ies did o du t isk assess e t, ost of the e e do e fo all a d did ot take a tio to edu e the assessed isk.

Despite the egulato e ui e e t, o l pe e t of e plo e s i the o st u tio se to ha e o i ated OSH oo di ato s. Fu the o e, o e oo di ato is espo si le fo se e al o st u tio sites at the sa e ti e. Fo a effe ti e supe isio , li its should e i t odu ed

o the u e of o st u tio sites a d the u e of o ke s pe o e oo di ato . It should also e oted that atio al sta da ds fo the o st u tio se to eed a e isio to keep up ith ode te h ologi al sta da ds, espe iall those o e i g s affolds a d fall p ote tio e uip e t fo o k at height. Fo i sta e, tu ula s affoldi g hi h a e idel used Se ia o st u tio o pa ies a e ot o side ed safe e ough.

Despite the p e ale e of o - epo ti g, the epo ted o k a ide t statisti s i di ate that pe e t of fatal a ide ts o u ed i s all a d i o o st u tio o pa ies hi h ai l o k as su o t a to s i the suppl hai ithi o st u tio . It is, the efo e, i po ta t that the

atio al effo t to i p o e the OSH o ditio s should effe ti el o e s all a d i o o st u tio sites. The OSH oo di ato s should pla a ke ole i e su i g that safet easu es

a e p ope l o se ed all o ke s o o st u tio sites that the supe ise.

Co e i g o upatio al health, it is idel k o that a dato edi al he k-ups a e ot o ga ized egula l . Mo eo e , he k-ups a e supe fi ial a d of lo ualit . Apa t f o pe iodi al he k-ups, o l a li ited u e of e plo e s i the o st u tio se to ha e o t a ts ith

o upatio al health se i es.

Si ulta eousl , the o st u tio a ket i Se ia should e ette egulated so as to li it the a use of su o t a ti g as ell as to i ease the t a spa e of utual espo si ilities of the i esto s a d o t a to s.

18

La ou i spe tio is a ajo egulato i st u e t fo the e fo e e t of la ou la s i ludi g OSH legislatio a d sta da ds. Apa t f o the sho tage of e uip e t fo la ou i spe tio , o l a li ited u e of la ou i spe to s ha e te h i al e pe tise i the i spe tio of o st u tio sites. The te h i al apa it of la ou i spe to s should e st e gthe ed so as to p o ide i teg ated se i es a d o du t o e safet i spe tio s ith the u e tl a aila le esou es. I ie of the high u e of o k a ide ts i o st u tio , it is e o e ded that additio al

t ai i g should e p o ided to la ou i spe to s ith ega ds to i spe tio of o st u tio sites, pa ti ula l fo usi g o s all a d i o o st u tio sites.

P e ale e of the i fo al e plo e t is o e of the ajo auses of the poo OSH pe fo a e of the o st u tio se to . Co e ted a d i ediate a tio s should e take to o at agai st the i fo al e plo e t. Ho e e , the i fo al e o o is a deep- ooted p o le . Measu es fo the edu tio of u egiste ed o k e ui e lo g-te o it e t a d o ti uous effo ts of all stakeholde s. A o e all, the e should e a st o g politi al ill to ha ge the u e t situatio .

As o pa ed to la ge e te p ises, s all a d ediu o st u tio o pa ies o l possess li ited esou es a d e pe tise i OSH. Ma s all e te p ises a e still usi g outdated te h i al

e uip e t fo o st u tio o k. As s all a d i o o st u tio sites a e a el isited la ou i spe to s, these sites i ol e se ious OSH isks.

The e is a la ge u et eed fo oth e plo e s a d e plo ees to st e gthe thei apa it to i p o e OSH i o st u tio . I pa ti ula , it is u ial that OSH oo di ato s should e ette t ai ed i o de to fi d est possi le solutio fo o st u tio te h olog a d i ple e t p a ti al OSH easu es effe ti el . T ade u io s should also i ease thei a ti it o OSH o ga izi g edu atio a d t ai i g o OSH a d p o oti g a safet a d p e e tati e ultu e.

Ge e all , the la k of o p ehe si e k o ledge o o k a ide ts a d o upatio al diseases is a fu da e tal eak ess i the u e t OSH s ste i Se ia. A sig ifi a t u de - epo ti g hi de s the fo ulatio of effe ti e p e e tio poli ies. P io it a tio should e take to i p o e the u e t s ste of otifi atio a d e o di g of o k a ide ts a d o upatio al diseases a

g eate use of IT s ste s.

The o st u tio se to i Se ia is facing huge challenges in p ote ti g o ke s f o o kpla e haza ds, p e e ti g o upatio al a ide ts a d diseases, a d i p o i g the ge e al o ki g e i o e t. To a hie e these goals, the Go e e t a d so ial pa t e s should e o itted to de elop a d i ple e t effe ti e OSH policies ith an enhanced capacity, and to promote a

safety and preventative culture.

The ILO sta ds ead to suppo t this p o ess i o de to i p o e o upatio al safet a d health i the o st u tio i dust i the f a e o k of the De e t Wo k Cou t P og a e fo Se ia.

19

International Labour Organization (ILO). 2012. Employment injury protection in Serbia: Issues

and options (Budapest).

— 2013. Restructuring the employment injury insurance system in Serbia: further analysis of

reform options (Budapest).

Labour inspection reports for 2010-16.

Occupational Safety and Health Directorate reports for 2010-16.

Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. The Census of Population, 2011.

― Labour force survey, 2013-16.

― National accounts statistics, 2012, 2015.

― Structural business statistics, 2012-16.

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe.

Laws:

Law on Occupational Safety and Health (Official Gazette of RS No. 101/05 and 91/15).

Law on Health Insurance (Official Gazette of RS, No. 107/2005, 109/2005 – correction

57/2011, 110/2012 - decision of SC of RS , 119/2012, 99/2014, 123/2014, 126/2014 - decision

of SC of RS, 106/2015 and 10/2016).

Law on Pension and Disability Insurance (Official Gazette of RS, No. 34/2003, 64/2004 -

decision of SC of RS, 84/2004, 85/2005, 101/2005, 63/2006 - decision of SC of RS, 5/2009,

107/2009, 101/2010, 93/2012, 62/2013, 108/2013, 75/2014 and 142/2014).

Law on Planning and Construction (Official Gazette of RS No. 72/09, 81/09 – correction 64/10

– SC, 24/11, 121/12, 42/13 – SC, 50/13 – SC, 98/13 – SC, 132/14 and 145/14).

Regulation on safety and health at work on temporary or mobile construction sites (Official

Gazette of RS No. 14/09 and 95/10).

Rulebooks:

Rulebook on the contents of the project of the layout of the construction site (Official Gazette

of RS No. 121/12 and 102/15).

Rulebook on preventive measures for Safety and Health at Work (Official Gazette of RS No.

21/09).

Rulebook on protection at work during construction activities (Official Gazette of RS No.

53/97).

20

Rulebook on risk assessment on workplace and working environment (Official Gazette of RS

No. 72/06, 84/06 – correction 30/10 and 102/15).

Rulebook on preventive measures for safe and healthy work when using equipment for work

(Official Gazette of RS No. 23/09, 123/12 and 102/15).

Procedure of inspection and verification of equipment for work and working environment

conditions (Official Gazette of RS No. 94/06 and 108/06 – correction 114/14 and 102/15).

Rulebook on general measures of protection at work from the dangerous effect of electrical

current in buildings intended for work, workspaces and worksites (Official Gazette of RS No.

21/89).

Rulebook on preventive measures for safe and healthy work when using personal protective

equipment (Official Gazette of RS No. 92/08).

Rulebook on preventive measures for safe and healthy work during asbestos exposure (Official

Gazette of RS No. 108/15).

Rulebook on preventive measures for safe and healthy work when using chemicals (Official

Gazette of RS No. 106/09).

Rulebook on preventive measures for safe and healthy work for manual load lifting (Official

Gazette of RS No. 106/09).

Websites:

Statisti al Offi e of the Repu li of Se ia. http:// .stat.go . s

U ited Natio s E o o i Co issio fo Eu ope http:// .u e e.o g/PXWe /e

Se ia Mi ist of La ou , E plo e t, Vete a a d So ial Poli http:// . i zs.go . s

College of Ci il E gi ee i g a d Geodes http:// . ggs. s/i de .ht l

Pa ag af Le Se ia Legal a d Fi a ial I fo atio Data ase http:// .pa ag af. s

21

M . Bo o C ija o ić, E e gop ojekt Visokog ad ja Serbian construction company with 650

employees)

M . Jo a K sto ić, Se eta of the Asso iatio of Co st u tio a d Buildi g Mate ials a d Housing (member of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Serbia)

M . Nikola Mal aša, Owner of Jadran D.O.O. (Serbian construction company of final craft

works employing 386 workers)

M . Zo a Opačić, Di e to of ZOP I že je i g Serbian construction company with about 250

employees)

M . Aleksa da Seizo ić, Head of Department for Unified Procedure, Ministry of Construction,

Transport, and Infrastructure of Serbia

M . Saša To lako ić, President of the Autonomous Union of Building and Construction Industry

Workers of Serbia (member of the Confederation of Autonomous Trade Unions of Serbia)

M . D agosla To o ić, P eside t of the So iet of O upatio al Safety and Health of Serbia

Ms. I a a Vuletić, Deputy Secretary of the Association of Construction and Building Materials

and Housing (member of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Serbia)

22

CONTRACT FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKS

Made on the day of XXXX in XXXX,

between:

XXXX (hereinafter: Contractor)

and

XXXX (hereinafter: Subcontractor)

Article 1

Co t a ti g pa ties joi tl state that the Co t a to has sig ed the Co t a t ith the E plo e XXXX , egiste ed ith the Co t a to u de the u e XXXX o the e e utio of o st u tio o ks o XXXX

hi h shall p ese t a i teg al pa t of this Co t a t he ei afte : Main Contra t .

The Su o t a to shall o fi that the ha e e ie ed a d a epted the ai Co t a t p o isio s a d that the shall a ept all ele a t ights a d lia ilities elated to thei pa t of the o t a ted o ks a a ded to the Co t a to pu sua t to the afo e e tio ed o t a t.

SUBJECT OF THE CONTRACT

Article 2

The su je t of this Co t a t is the e e utio of o st u tio a d aft o ks the Su o t a to fo the eeds of the o st u tio o ks o the fa ilit efe ed to

i the A ti le of this Co t a t.

The Co t a to shall allo a d the Su o t a to shall a ept to use thei p ope o st u tio e uip e t, a hi es a d o kfo e to a out o st u tio aft

o ks, as ell as all othe ope atio s e ui ed fo the full e e utio of the o ks

spe ified i this Co t a t, i a o da e ith the p oje t do u e tatio , o k s hedule, te h i al des iptio a d spe ifi atio s, alid te h i al ules, a essi ilit sta da ds,

ualit sta da d a d o s appl i g to spe ifi t pes of o ks, e uip e t a d i stallatio s, o k a ship ules, this Co t a t a d the a epted Bid su itted the Su o t a to o XXXX hi h fo s a i teg al pa t of this Co t a t he ei afte : the Bid) a d o tai s a detailed des iptio of

o ks efe ed to i A ti le ith ag eed u it osts, a d i a o da e ith the la s, egulatio s, sta da ds a d o s egulati g

this t pe of o ks a d i li e ith o k a ship ules he ei afte : Works .

MANNER OF WORKS’ EXECUTION

Article 3

The Su o t a to shall e e ute a d o plete the Wo ks i a p ofessio al a d

high ualit a e i a o da e ith the la s, egulatio s, sta da ds a d o s egulati g this t pe of o ks a d i li e ith o k a ship ules.

The Su o t a to shall e e ute a d o -plete the Wo ks ith due e t ep e eu ial

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dilige e, i.e. the le el of atte tio e ui ed i the legal t a sa tio s ithi the f a e o k of a usi ess elatio ship.

The Su o t a to shall e e ute a d o plete the Wo ks ith due p ofessio al

dilige e, i.e. the le el of i eased atte tio e ui ed f o a p ofessio al ope ati g i a e tai field, i a o da e ith the o k a ship ules a d usto s.

The Su o t a to shall take i to o side atio the spe ifi ities of the site a d

he e shall espe t all li itatio s elated to spe ial t a spo t egi es, p ote tio of e i o e t fo pollutio , as ell as i ple e t othe o upatio al safet a d health easu es, as ell as othe easu es spe ified ele a t egulatio s.

DEADLINES

Article 4

The Su o t a to shall i itiate the e e utio of Wo ks i ediatel afte the sig i g of this Co t a t, a d shall o plete the said Wo ks

ithi XX da s f o the possessio of site at the latest. It shall e o side ed that the Su o t a to is i the possessio of site afte the fulfil e t of follo i g e ui e e ts:

– The Su o t a to has e ei ed the te h i al a d p oje t do u e tatio eeded fo the i itiatio of Wo ks, – The Su o t a to has e ei ed the de isio o the appoi t e t of the Co sulti g E gi ee , – Co t a to has paid the ag eed ad a e pa e t afte the sig i g of the Co t a t a d ti el deli e of ollate al, – Co t a to has gi e u o st u ted possessio of the site, – Co t a to has deli e ed the de isio o appoi t e t of li e sed o t a to .

The Su o t a to shall egiste the date o hi h the e ei ed possessio of the site i

the o st u tio log ook a d that date shall e o side ed as the fi st da of o ks.

I the ase the Su o t a to fails to i itiate o ks afte taki g possessio of site, o ithi the additio al da ti ef a e, the

Co t a to shall e allo ed to u ilate all a ul this Co t a t, ith etu of ad a e pa e t a d e e utio of ollate al.

VALUE OF WORKS AND PAYMENT

METHODS

Article 5

The alue of the o ks has ee o t a ted pe easu e e t u it, a d ithout VAT it a ou ts to XXXX di a s. The total alue of e e uted o ks shall e dete i ed as the p odu t of a tuall e e uted a ou t of o ks a d the u it osts p o ided i the Bid. VAT is al ulated a d paid pu sua t to ele a t la s.

The ag eed p i e ide tified i the Bid shall e fi ed a d it shall ot e a e ded i the ase of flu tuati g a ket p i es of la ou fo e a d ate ials. It o e s all the osts elated to o t a ti g of the Su o t a to s p ope e uip e t, a hi e a d o kfo e, as

ell as the osts of site p ote tio a d se u it du i g the e e utio of o ks i the lo atio e e the Wo ks a e pe fo ed.

Article 6

…

GUARANTEES

Article 7

…

WARRANTY PERIOD

Article 8

The Su o t a to shall gua a tee fo the ualit of all o ks e e uted u de this

Co t a t fo the pe iod of t o ea s, sta ti g f o the da of the te h i al a epta e the autho ized i stitutio . The Su o t a to shall pe fo all the o ks,

24

epai s a d eli i atio of defe ts appea i g i his o k at thei o e pe se, a d at the

itte de a d of the Co t a to esulti g f o the i spe tio e uested the O e a d/o Supe iso a d/o autho ized i stitutio p io to the e pi of the a a t pe iod. I the ase the Su o t a to fails to e o e all the o se ed defe ts out of a easo , the Co t a to shall ese e the ight to o t a t a othe Su o t a to at the

e pe se of the fi st Su o t a to , he e the fi st Su o t a to shall p o ide o pe -satio fo a da ages the Co t a to has i u ed. …

OBLIGATIONS OF THE SUBCONTRACTOR

Article 9

The Su o t a to shall pe fo the o t a ted o ks ith due a e a d

dilige e, i a o da e to the ele a t egulatio s, a d afte the o pletio of o ks shall deli e the to the Co t a to .

The Su o t a to shall espe iall :

– p o ide all p e e ti e a d p ote ti e easu es fo se u e, safe a d health o k

of all pe so s, e uip e t a d ate ials p ese t at the site, pu sua t to the la ,

he e the Co t a to shall ot e held lia le du i g the e e utio of o ks u til the deli e the eof. – p o ide itte oti e to the Co t a to o pe ei ed defe ts i the te h i al do u e tatio a d the u fo esee i u sta es i flue i g the e e utio o ks a d i ple e tatio of the te h i al

do u e tatio . – The Su o t a to shall p o ide the

o kfo e a d te h i al e uip e t e ui ed fo the e e utio of o t a ted o ks i o de to eet the deadli es. – The Su o t a to shall epai a da ages to pe so s o uildi gs ade du i g the e e utio of o ks, a d shall do so at thei o e pe se.

ADDITIONAL WORKS

Article 10

If the eed fo additio al o ks as defi ed i the A ti le , pa ag aph , ite of The Spe ifi Rules o Co st u tio Offi ial Gazette of SFRY, No. / a ises du i g the e e utio of o t a ted o ks, The Su o t a to shall halt the e e utio the eof a d p o ide a itte oti e e t i the o st u tio log ook to the Co t a to a d the Co sulti g E gi ee .

Afte the deli e of Co t a to s itte app o al e te ed i the o st u tio log

ook the Co t a to s Co sulti g E gi ee , the Su o t a to shall e e ute additio al o ks, he e the total alue the eof shall ot e eed % of the o t a ted alue i the f a e o k of the

assessed alue.

U it osts fo all e tifi ates i li e ith spe ifi atio of o ks f o the Su o t a to s a epted id fo hi h additio al o ks a e ide tified shall e ai fi ed a d u ha gea le.

E e utio of the additio al o ks i the alue of up to the % of the total alue of o t a ted o ks shall ot esult i the

p olo ged deadli es fo the o pletio the eof.

The total o t a ted ost shall e edu ed i the ase of egiste ed a se e of o ks ide tified i ill of ua tities u it osts.

The eal alue of e e uted o ks ide tified this o t a t shall e dete i ed th ough

fi al al ulatio o the asis of a tuall e e uted ua tit of o ks e te ed i the o st u tio log ook, e ified the

Co sulti g E gi ee a d Co t a to , th ough i ple e tatio of fi ed u it osts p o ided i ill of ua tities, a d i li e ith the p o isio s of this Co t a t a d e ui e e ts p o ided i te de do u e ts.

The o plete do u e tatio e ui ed fo e ifi atio of e tifi ates: o st u tio log

25

ook pape s, app op iate e tifi ates fo ate ials a d e uip e t, a d othe

do u e ts shall e deli e ed the Su o t a to to the Co sulti g E gi ee

ho shall keep that do u e tatio u til the a epta e of o ks a d fi al al ulatio ,

he e the e tifi ates shall ot e paid othe ise.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE CONTRACTOR

Article 11

The Contractor shall:

1. Appoint an authorized representative –Consulting Engineer

2. Execute all payments to the Sub-

contractor in the agreed deadline

3. Accept the executed works in the agreed

deadline.

COLLATERALS

Article 12

…

SUPERVISION OF WORKS

Article 13

The supe isio o e the o ks ide tified i this Co t a t shall e i ple e ted the Co t a to s Co sulti g E gi ee .

The Su o t a to shall a ept all e a ks p o ided the Co t a to s Co sulti g E gi ee that elate to the o ks ualit a d ti eta le.

COMPLETION OF WORKS, DELIVERY AND

FINAL CALCULATION

Article 14

Afte the o pletio of o ks, the Su o t a to shall i fo the Co sulti g

E gi ee a d the Co t a to that the o ks ha e ee o pleted, a d the date of o pletio shall e e te ed i the o st u tio log ook.

Mi utes shall e take du i g the a epta e of the o ks, a d if defe ts a e egiste ed o this o asio , the Su o t a to shall e o e the at thei o e pe se ithout a fu the ado o i the deadli e p o ided the Co t a to . If the Su o t a to fails to e o e the said defe ts i the p o ided

deadli e, the Co t a to shall e uit a othe Su o t a to fo these pu poses at the e pe se of the o igi al Su o t a to .

The a epta e i utes shall e sig ed the ep ese tati es of the Co t a to a d Su o t a to .

Afte the o pletio of o ks, the Su o t a to shall e o e all the e uip e t a d te po a fa ilities used du i g the o ks f o the site, as ell as e ai i g de is.

TRANSITIONAL AND FINAL PROVISION

Article 14

The o t a ti g pa ties shall atte pt to esol e a disputed issues f o this

Co t a t pea efull , a d if this p o es i possi le, the dispute shall e adjudi ated

the lo al o pete t ou t.

The o t a ti g pa ties shall ag ee that thei elatio ship shall e su je t to the

su sta ti e la of the Repu li of Se ia a d The Spe ifi Rules o Co st u tio .

Article 15

…

CONTRACTOR SUBCONTRACTOR

_____________ ________________