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Occupational Hygiene: Evaluation of
Chemical Health Risks - Part 1
Frances Wright
1
Occupational Hygiene – Evaluation of Chemical Health Risks – Part 1
Frances Wright
Occupational HygienistWright Environmental Services
Module OSH10020 Learning OutcomesHaving completed all of the learning activities associated
with this lecture, you should be able to:
� Explain the categories of health hazards, and
describe the types of work activity associated with
common chemical hazards
� Describe the routes of entry for chemicals to the body
� Describe how hygienists monitor the work
environment for dusts, gases and vapours
� Define occupational exposure limits and discuss the
implications for human health.
Part 1
Chemical – Risk Assessment
Part 2
Physical Forms and Processes
Occupational Hygiene: Evaluation of Chemical Health Risks What is Occupational Hygiene?
The International Occupational Hygiene
Association (IOHA) defines Occupational
Hygiene as:
'The discipline of anticipating, recognising,
evaluating and controlling health hazards in
the working environment with the objective of
protecting worker health and well-being..'
What is Occupational Hygiene? Health Hazards
Chemical agents Gases, vapours, solids, fibres, liquids, dusts, mists, fumes, etc.
Physical agents
Noise and vibration
Heat and cold
Electromagnetic fields, lighting, etc.
Biological agents Bacteria, fungi, etc.
Ergonomic factors Lifting, stretching, and repetitive motion
Occupational Hygiene: Evaluation of
Chemical Health Risks - Part 1
Frances Wright
2
Chemical Agents Hazard Vs Risk� Hazard is the Chemical
� Risk is the potential to do harm
Identify Processes
& Workers
Evaluate the RiskControl the Risk
Document,
Communicate &
Review
Identify the Chemical Hazards
CHEMICAL
RISK ASSESSMENT
Identify the Chemical Hazard� Identify chemicals
– Talk to procurement, managers, employees
– Examine processes
– Chemicals Produced during process
• (e.g welding fume)
Identify the Chemical Hazard� Gather hazard information
– Material Safety Data Sheet
– Chemical label
Identify Processes and Workers
� Examine production process
� Who might be exposed
� Non-production handling
– (eg. waste, quality, maintenance, spillages)
Occupational Hygiene: Evaluation of
Chemical Health Risks - Part 1
Frances Wright
3
Evaluate the Risk
� Toxicity of chemical
� Quantity used
� Frequency of exposure
� Number of people exposed
Evaluate the Risk� Measure worker exposure
� Breathing zone
� Methods – MDHS (UK), NIOSH, OSHA
Personal Sampling Pump Measurement tools
Measurement tools Filter holders for asbestos
Occupational Hygiene: Evaluation of
Chemical Health Risks - Part 1
Frances Wright
4
Solid Sorbent Tubes for
Measuring Gases and VapoursDraegar pump for stain indicator tubes
Direct Reading - Continuous Dust Monitor
Long Term Sampling
Short Term Sampling Grab Sampling
Occupational Hygiene: Evaluation of
Chemical Health Risks - Part 1
Frances Wright
5
Continuous Monitoring Evaluate the Risk� Occupational Exposure Limit Values
– Occupational Exposure Limit Values (8 Hours)
– Short Term Exposure Limits (15 minute)
Evaluate the Risk
EXAMPLE: Total Inhalable Dust 8 Hour OELV = 10 mg/m3
CONCENTRATION = ANALYTICAL RESULT ÷ VOLUME
Analytical results (dust on filter) 0.05 mg
Air volume sampled 0.48 m3
Concentration in air 0.05/0.48 = 0.1mg/m3
Sampling time 4 Hours
Concentration over 8 Hours 0.1*(4/8) = 0.05 mg/m3
Compare the concentration (over 8 hours) to the 8 Hour OELV
0.05 mg/m3 is well below 10mg/m3
Hierarchy of Control
� Elimination
� Substitution
� Process Changes
� Engineering Controls
� Automation
� Containment
� Local Exhaust Ventilation
� General Area Ventilation
� Administrative Controls
� Respiratory Protective Equipment
Document, Communicate and ReviewSummary
Occupational Hygiene
Identify Processes
& Workers
Evaluate the RiskControl the Risk
Document,
Communicate &
Review
Identify the Chemical Hazards
CHEMICAL
RISK ASSESSMENT
Occupational Hygiene: Evaluation of
Chemical Health Risks - Part 1
Frances Wright
6
Part 1
Chemical – Risk Assessment
Part 2
Physical Forms and Processes
Occupational Hygiene: Evaluation of Chemical Health Risks