OC 3255 REMOTE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEANS

Course Details

• Instructor - Prof. Robin Tokmakian• Office 337A (near west end elevators)• Hours:?????• Phone x3255• Email rtt@nps.navy.mil• Lectures: M,Tu, W, Th :11:00am ; rm Spanagle 310

• LAB• Instructor - Ms. Donna Burych• Office 334; Phone x2737; Email burych@nps.navy.mil• Labs: Friday 8:00am; Spanagle 341

• TEXTBOOK/REFERENCE• * Satellite Meteorology - Kidder & Vonder Haar - required text• * Methods of Satellite Oceanography - Stewart - Overnight Reserve

• Grades: Exam I,II,III - 25% each, Lab 10%; paper 15%

Week of - 27 August week 8Mo: Detection of Atmospheric ConstituentsTu: continued We: Introduction to Microwave Radiative TransferTh: Exam reviewFr: (LAB PERIOD) EXAM II

Week of - 3 September week 9Mo: HOLIDAYTu: Passive Microwave Applications - OceanWe: MW Ocean IITh: MW AtmosphereFr: LAB 5 - ICE Applications - ARC-VIEW

Week of - 10 September week 10Mo: Active Microwave - Radar EquationTu: Altimeter-IWe: Altimeter-IITh: Synthetic Aperture Radar-I

Week of - 17 September week 11Mo: Synthetic Aperture Radar-IITu: ScatterometerWe: FUTURETh : Exam Review / PAPER DUE

Wed Sept. 26 8AM FINALS WEEK: EXAM III

Week of - 9 July week 1Mo: Organization, Introduction and MotivationTu: A Brief History of Environmental Satellite SystemsWe: continuedTh: Satellite OrbitsFr: LAB 1- Introduction to Satellite Imagery

Week of - 16 July week 2 Mo: Tracking/Navigation

Tu: Review of Basic Definitions EMR/ Radiative TransferWe: Radiative Transfer for Remote SensingTh: Special SolutionsFr: Lab 2- Image ManipulationWeek of - 23 July week 3

Mo: Introduction to Visible/Solar Applications

Scattering by AerosolsTu: Aerosol ApplicationsWe: Scattering by Clouds/ApplicationsTh: Ocean Color

Week of - 30 July week 4Mo: Color ApplicationsTu: Land Surface Applications We: Lidar and ApplicationsTh: Examine reviewFr: (LAB PERIOD) EXAM I

Week of - 6 August week 5Mo: IR TheoryTu: SST - Theory and ApplicationsWe: Clouds in the IR Th: Multispectral Cloud AnalysisFr: LAB 3 - SST Analysis

Week of - 13 August week 6 Mo: NO CLASS

Tu: ARC-VIEW INTRO ParsonsWe: Guest Lecture - CODAR PaduanTh: NO CLASS

Week of - 20 August week 7Mo: Atmospheric Sounding SolutionsTu: The Retrieval Problem/Sounding SystemsWe: Detection of Water Vapor Th : Water Vapor Imagery Fr: LAB 4 - Cloud Classification

OC3522OC3522 Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Ocean Summer Summer 20012001

PAPER

Choose one atmospheric or oceanic physical property Describe remote sensing sensors that can measure this quantity either directly or indirectlyDescribe applicationsTell me what property/parameter by July 30. Everyone will have a unique parameter/property.Paper - 5 pages, not including figures if you need them.DUE: SEPT. 21

Examples:SSTWinds; boundary layer or upper levelsCloudsIceOcean CurrentsOcean temperaturesOcean biologyAerosolsWater vapor/precipitationWaves

Course ObjectivesCourse Objectives

The primary objective of this course is to understand how radiance measurements at the top of the atmosphere provide information about characteristics of the atmosphere and ocean. To that end we must ...

• understand the basic physical characteristics of radiation:

and what approximations are useful for understanding radiance at the top of the atmosphere for different wavelength regions.

• review a brief history of environmental satellites and understand their orbit and sensor characteristics.

• understand the application of satellite measurement techniques to the detection of:

-clouds (aerosols) and their characteristics from visible and IR measurements,

-oceanic productivity through ocean color measurements,

-temperature profiles from multispectral IR and MW measurements

-atmospheric constituents (H2O(v) and O3) from multispectral IR and MW measurements

-sea surface temperature from IR measurements

-precipitation, wind speed, water vapor and liquid water from passive microwave measurements,

-sea state, sea surface height, wave height, currents, winds and other properties from active microwave measurements.

Advantages /Disadvantages

Remote sensing is the acquisition of geophysical/environmental data from sensing devices remote from the feature of interest. Usually we are not measuring directly the parameter of interest, we infer it from other properties (examples: astrophysics (properties/composition/structure of planets/stars from the radiation they emit), ocean tomography (variations in sound propagation to estimate temperature/density variability in the ocean). In satellite remote sensing the reception of EM energy at a sensor located in space is used to estimate physical (and also biochemical) processes occurring in the earth's atmosphere, land and ocean.

Advantages of remote sensing: • global/large spatial coverage, • generally good repeat temporal coverage, • rapid/instantaneous survey (snapshot), • measurements where in-situ measurements are not available or difficult to make for geographical and political/military reasons, • measurements do not interfere with the process being measured, etc. Disadvantages:• cannot measure all parameters (ex: SST yes, SSS no yet), • opacity of atmosphere, • limited resolution in both horizontal and vertical directions, • less accurate than in-situ, • in-situ verification/calibration necessary but sometime difficult, etc. Parameters that are (or have been) successfully sensed remotely from satellite: • Ocean: color (chlorophyll), SST, sea state, surface height, wave height, internal waves, etc. ; geoid• Atmosphere: surface and higher winds, aerosols, ozone, clouds, CO2, precip. water, etc. ; rain rateThe remote sensing course is one of the most useful and relevant for your career . Military applications include: • Visible: ocean color , turbidity of coastal waters (amphibious operations) , clouds• Infrared: sea surface temperature; input for weather models• Passive and Active Microwave: sea surface characteristics, currents, winds, significant wave height, ice coverage, etc. • geoid

Shuttle Photos

Soot-blackened snowTroitsk Siberia

Hurricane Elena in the Gulf of Mexico on September 1, 1985.

Alaskan Glaciers

Kuwait Oil Fires

Typhoon Yuri, Pacific Ocean November 1991

Frontal System and Thunderstorms, Florida April 1984

Monsoonal Thunderstorms, Bangladesh and India July 1985

Klyuchevskaya Volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia October 1994

Satellite Pictures

Satellite “Products”

current

http://topex-www.jpl.nasa.gov/elnino/elnino.html

SPOT (France)

JERS (Japan)

IRS (India)

Orlando Airport

Southern Iran

Tokyo

http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/TofC/table.html

Downtown Area of Tokyo (Around Shinjyuku) (X-band, VV, 5 km x 4 km, flight direction: right to left, illumination: top to bottom)

Autonomous Temperature and Salinity profiling

Salinity Profiling Autonomous LAgrangian Circlulation Explorer (S-PALACE) floats are new tools for acquiring temperature andsalinity profiles in remote or inhospitable regions. These autonomous floats have the advantage that once deployed, no ships or people are required on site to obtain the measurements. The data is collected by the float and telemetered back to land via satellite link. Floats can last as long as 150 profiles or more, giving a 4-5 year lifetime on a two-week cycle. By analysing the data as it is returned, we can learn more about the characteristics of the upper ocean's heat and salt content as well as its circulation. S-PALACE data are expected to be important inputs to predictive ocean-atmosphere coupled models in thefuture, as greater numbers are deployed in the global ocean.

http://hrp.whoi.edu/floats/spalace_overv.html

http://www.oc.nps.navy.mil/~radlab/radar.html

CODARCoastal OCEAN DYNAMICS APPLICATIONS RADAR

West Coast GOES IRWest Coast GOES VISWest Coast GOES WV

Current Monterey VISCurrent Los Angeles VISCurrent Sacramento VISCurrent Eureka VIS

Daily Views

US Radar SummaryNorthern California Radar SummarySFO Radar