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Objectives: I CAN… Sequence the events of the cell cycle Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

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Page 1: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

Objectives: I CAN…

□Sequence the events of the cell cycle

□Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

Page 2: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

Essential Question:

• Why do cells need to divide?

Page 3: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

RECALL……… WHAT ARE THE THREE PARTS OF THE CELL THEORY???

ALL CELLS COME FROM PREEXISTING CELLS

Page 4: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

Examples of Cell Division– cells on the bottom of feet and back of hands

Page 5: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

Examples of Cell Division– cuts and bruises healing

Page 6: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

Examples of Cell Division– ivy vine growing

Page 7: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

What happens to cells if they become too big? What process do

cells have to limit their growth?• A cell’s size can slow the rate of

diffusion

• A cell’s volume increases too fast for the surface area

• There is not enough DNA to support the protein needs of the cell

• Cell’s divide to limit their growth

Page 8: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

•During cell division _________________ cells are produced from ______________ cell. The _________ cells are ________________ to the orginal cell.

new

one

twoidentical

Page 9: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

What appears in the nucleus before the cells divide? What are they

made of?

• Several short, stringy structure appear

• Structures are called chromosomes made of DNA

Page 10: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

What do chromosomes do?

• Contain DNA.

• Carries of genetic material

• Copied and passed from generation to generation

Page 11: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

THE CELL CYCLE

INTERPHASE MITOSIS

1. Cell grows in size

2. Carries on metabolism

3. Duplicates chromosomes

4. Prepares for division

1. Follows interphase

2. Process of nuclear division

3. 2 daughter cells form

4. Daughter cells identical to parent cell

Page 12: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems
Page 13: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

1. PROPHASE 2. METAPHASE

3. ANAPHASE 4. TELOPHASE

Page 14: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems
Page 15: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

• New cells are produced from one cell

• Results in two identical cells

CELL DIVISION

Take Notes!Topic: Cell Reproduction

Page 16: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

• Contain DNA, the genetic material

•Accurate transmission of chromosomes during cell division is critical.

CHROMOSOMES

Take Notes!Topic: Cell Reproduction

4th

Page 17: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

Chromosome

Supercoil within

chromosome

Continued coiling within

supercoilHistone H1

DNA

STRUCTURE OF EUKARYOTIC CHROMOSOMES

Page 18: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

• The cell cycle is the sequence of growth and division of a cell.

THE CELL CYCLE

Page 19: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

• Sequence of growth and division in the cell

• Has three phases: Interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.

CELL CYCLE

Take Notes!Topic: Cell Reproduction

Page 20: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

THE CELL CYCLE

•The majority of a cell’s life is spent in the growth period known as interphase.

Interphase

Page 21: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

• Interphase, the busiest phase of the cell cycle, is divided into three parts.

DNA synthesis and replication Centrioles

replicate; cell

prepares for division

Rapid growth and metabolic activity

INTERPHASE

Page 22: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

Part 1: cell grows and proteins are produced

Rapid growth and metabolic

activity

INTERPHASE

Page 23: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

Part 2: cell copies its chromosomes

DNA synthesis and replication

INTERPHASE

Page 24: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

Part 3: cell enters another shorter growth period mitochondria and other organelles are manufactured and cell

parts needed for cell division are assembled.

Centrioles replicate; cell prepares for

division

INTERPHASE

Page 25: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

• Cell growth phase

• Cell:

• increases in size

• carries on metabolism

• duplicates chromosomes prior to division

INTERPHASE

Take Notes!Topic: Cell Reproduction

Page 26: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

Following interphase, a cell enters its period of nuclear division called mitosis.

Mitosis

THE CELL CYCLE

Page 27: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

Day 2

Page 28: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

Objectives: I CAN…

□Sequence the events of the cell cycle

□Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

Page 29: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

Mitosis

If these cells are part of the same plant, why do they all look a little different?

Page 30: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

If the amazing process shown here did NOT happen, we wouldn’t be alive!

Mitosis

Goal: When I show this slide at the end of the day, you should be able to tell me the name of this phase of mitosis!

If you all can do it—we’ll have a raffle!

Page 31: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems
Page 32: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems
Page 33: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

A chromosome is made of chromatin… which is made of DNA!

Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA

Phosphate

Sugar

Base

Page 34: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

How is a chromosome formed?

Page 35: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

nucleus

chromosome

Chromatin

Cell cycle

Page 36: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

ChromatinChromosome

Page 37: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

Chromosomes duplicate!

Page 38: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

How many total chromosomes do humans have?

23

46

Page 39: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems
Page 40: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

nucleus

chromosome

Chromatin

Cell cycle 23

46

Page 41: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

Chromosome numbersEach type of eukaryote has a characteristic

number of chromosomes in the nucleus of each cell.

Examples:Humans- 46Dog- 78Potato plant- 48Cat- 38Housefly- 12Fungus- 8

Page 42: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

nucleus

chromosome

Chromatin

Cell cycle 23

46growth

divisioninterphase

20

Page 43: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

THE PHASES OF MITOSIS

8th

Page 44: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

• During prophase, the chromatin coils to form visible chromosomes.

Spindle fibers

Disappearing nuclear envelope

Doubled chromosome

PHASES OF MITOSIS: PROPHASE

Page 45: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

• The two halves of the doubled structure are called sister chromatids.

Sister chromatids

PHASES OF MITOSIS: PROPHASE

Page 46: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

• Sister chromatids are held together by a structure called a centromere, which plays a role in chromosome movement during mitosis.

Centromere

PHASES OF MITOSIS: PROPHASE

Page 47: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems
Page 48: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

• During metaphase, the chromosomes move to the equator of the spindle.

Centromere

Sister chromatids

PHASES OF MITOSIS: METAPHASE

Page 49: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems
Page 50: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

• During anaphase, the centromeres split and the sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.

PHASES OF MITOSIS: ANAPHASE

Page 51: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems
Page 52: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

• During telophase, two distinct daughter cells are formed. The cells separate as the cell cycle proceeds into the next interphase.

Nuclear envelope reappears

Two daughter cells are formed

PHASES OF MITOSIS: TELOPHASE

Page 53: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems
Page 54: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

Review Day!!!!

Page 55: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

Objectives: I CAN…

□Sequence the events of the cell cycle through a review session

Page 56: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

ReviewGrab your white board and the note sheet on mitosisANSWER THE FOLLOWING:

1. What are the 3 phases of the cell cycle?Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis

2. Most of the cell’s life is spent in which phase of the cell cycle ?INTERPHASE

Page 57: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

3. What is the purpose of the cell cycle?

4. What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?

Growth and division of cells

Interphase

Page 58: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

5. What are the 3 phases of the cell cycle?

6. What are the 4 stages of mitosis?

Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Page 59: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

7. The phase of mitosis pictured below?

METAPHASE

Page 60: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

8. The phase of mitosis pictured below?

PROPHASE

Page 61: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

9. The phase of mitosis pictured below?

TELOPHASE

Page 62: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

10. The phase of mitosis pictured below?

ANAPHASE

Page 63: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

11. What is the purpose of cytokinesis?

12. How long is the cell cycle of the average human cell?

To divide the cytoplasm and cell membrane

20 hours

Page 64: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

13. How many chromosomes does the average human have?

14. What is the picture of all of the cell’s chromosomes called?

46

KARYOTYPE

Page 65: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

15. What disease occurs when cell growth is out of control?

16. What is one cause of uncontrolled cell growth?

cancer

Tobacco products, pollution, ultraviolet radiation (sun)

Page 66: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

17. What happens during interphase?

18. What happens during prophase?

Cells prepare to divide, cells grow, multiply chromosomes

Chromosomes condense and become visible

Page 67: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

19. What happens during metaphase?

20. What happens during anaphase?

Chromosomes align at equator

Sister chromatids separate

Page 68: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

21. What happens during telophase?

22. Give an example of when mitosis (cell division) is needed?

Nuclear membrane reforms around each set of chromosomes

Cut skin, growing (plants or animals), hair or nail growth, cell repair

Page 69: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

1. Cell Cycle

B. Sequence of growth and division of a cell

Page 70: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

2. Sister ChromatinE. Make up the 2 halves of the double stranded chromosome and the DNA they contain are exact copies of each other

Page 71: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

3. InterphaseD. Longest phase of the cell cycle, where the cell grows, synthesizes DNA, and prepares for division

Page 72: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

4. MitosisF. Nuclear cell division, forming two daughter cells each containing a complete set of chromosomes

Page 73: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

5. Daughter cells

C. Produced at the end of mitosis, identical to the parent cell

Page 74: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

6. ChromosomeA. Contain DNA and carry the genetic information material that is passed from cell to cell

Page 75: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

7. What are the 3 phases of the cell cycle? (in order)

Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis

Page 76: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

8. Which of these cycles does the cell spend most of its time in?

Interphase

Page 77: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

9. What are the 4 phases of mitosis? (in order)

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Page 78: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

10. What disease is caused by uncontrolled cell growth?

Cancer

Page 79: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

11. Cell growth occurs

Interphase

Page 80: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

12. Nuclear division occurs

Mitosis

Page 81: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

13. DNA synthesis occurs

Interphase

Page 82: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

14. Cytoplasm divides immediately after this

period

Mitosis

Page 83: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

15. Chromosomes are duplicated

Interphase

Page 84: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

16. Two distinct daughter cells are

formed

Telophase

Page 85: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

17. The chromosomes move to the equator of

the cell

Metaphase

Page 86: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

18. The chromatin coils to form visible chromosomes

Prophase

Page 87: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

19. The centromeres split and the sister

chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles

of the cell

Anaphase

Page 88: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

A. Prophase

Page 89: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

B. Anaphase

Page 90: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

C. Telophase

Page 91: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

D. Metaphase

Page 92: Objectives: I CAN… □Sequence the events of the cell cycle □Relate the function of a cell to its organization into tissues, organs, and organ systems

Sister chromatidsCentromere

EXTRA CREDIT