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Course Description
It teaches the concepts of object-oriented programming. Topics include data abstraction, encapsulation, hierarchy via composition and derivation (inheritance), and polymorphism. C++ used for lab work. A computer science major that makes the basis of programming applications.
Course Relevance
This course is of key importance to advance to programming as a profession. It gives all the important concepts and practical experience of the programming language. It can be extended to learning other languages like Java, PHP C# etc by using the same knowledge in different syntax
Course Outline
Classes Polymorphism Encapsulation Operators overloading Method overriding Templates Inheritance Types of classes
Marks Distribution
Criteria %age
1st Sessional 10%
2nd Sessional 15%
Assignments 10%
Quizes 15%
Final Exam 50%
Course Flow
Key concepts Quick Revision Class practice Notes
Resource www.cstags.com Labs
Lab Instructor Mr. Waqas Ahmed
Course Textbook(s)
Object Oriented Programming in C++ 4th Edition by Robert Lafore
How to Program in C++ 7th Edition by Deitel n Deitel
Object Oriented Programming An approach to application development Appropriate for large scale applications
with teams of developers OO Programming paradigm: collection of
objects
The proverb “owning a hammer doesn’t make one an architect” is especially true with respect to object technology
Knowing an object language is necessary but insufficient to create object systems
Its about analyzing system requirements in terms of objects and allocating responsibilities to class objects
How would these objects collaborate with each other
What classes should do what
OOAD
It emphasizes on finding requirements and problems rather than solutions
Object oriented analysis is a process of analyzing requirements in an object oriented paradigm
It approves some of the requirements while discards others
Based on this OOA the OOD is built
OOA
It emphasizes on the conceptual solution in software or hardware that fulfills the requirements
It does not give any implementation details
Design ideas normally exclude low level details that are obvious to the intended customers
Ultimately designs can be implemented in code to give its true and complete realization
OOD
How to solve OOP problem
Identify nouns, they are your potential objects (Discard irrelevant ones)
Identify adjectives, they are your potential attributes (Discard irrelevant ones)
Identify verbs, they are your potential behaviors (Discard irrelevant ones)
What is irrelevant! Classes (Object types) Map classes (Communication channels)
Case study
A system is required that will allow users to login through their valid name and password. Users will have to register first to use the system. Users will be required to make their profile with their personal data as first name, last name, date of birth and city. Users should be able to add other users as friends. Users can send messages to their friends
The evolution of OOP
Global Variables Life time spans program execution
Local Variables Life time limited to execution of a specific routine
Instance variables Posses data of an object
Static Variables Visible in single scope
Modules Allow several subroutines to share a set of static variables
Module Types Multiple instances of an abstraction
Classes Families of related abstraction
Why OOP
Reduces conceptual load by reducing amount of detail
Provides fault containment Can’t use components e.g (class ) in
inappropriate ways Provides independence between
components Design development can be done by more
than one person
Keys to OOP
An instance of a class is called object Languages that are based on classes are
called object oriented languages For example C++ Java Microsoft .NET framework languages C#,
VC++
Benefits of OOP
Promote code reuse Reduces code maintenance Simplifies extending applications
Methods
Functions still do the work in OO But now they
Just know what they need to know Generally contain less code
Keys to OO Programming
Encapsulation (Data Hiding) Enable programmer to group data and subroutines
(methods) together, hiding irrelevant details from users
Inheritance Enables a new abstraction ie a derived class to be
defined as an extension of an existing abstraction, retaining key characteristics
Dynamic data binding Enabling use of new abstraction i.e derived classes
to exhibit new behavior in context of old abstraction
Initialization and Finalization of Objects
Choosing a constructor How are constructors supported in the
language Execution order of initialization
E.g with derived classes Garbage collection
Destructors
Classes and objects
Objects are actors in your application Refers to individual pieces of data
A class define the data and behavior of object Objects in your application are instances of
a class
Objects
An object is a thing More precisely an object is the representation
of a thing Has characteristics
We call these attributes or properties Properties are just variables rebranded Those things which the object has
Has behavior We call these methods Methods are just functions rebranded Those things which the object does
Inheritance
Defines subclasses Creates ‘is a’ relationship
E.g Nokia is a cell phone Resuse common functionality
Specialization Extend or override common functionality
for specific needs
Encapsulation
Treat each object as a black box Well defined interface of data and methods Must use this interface in the application
All data is private Methods can be public, private or
protected
