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Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens Abdominale heelkunde UZA Postgraduaat 23/11/2012

Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

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Page 1: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens

Abdominale heelkunde UZA

Postgraduaat 23/11/2012

Page 2: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

2/3 volwassenen

1/7 kinderen

Page 3: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30
Page 4: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

4

Obesity Rates: Current and Projected

0

10

20

30

40

50

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

2020

2030

USA

England

Mauritius

Australia

Brazil

%population BMI>30

Page 5: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30
Page 6: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Obesitas meten

• Body Mass Index (BMI)

Page 7: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Obesitas meten

• Middelomtrek! misschien belangrijker dan BMI

Page 8: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Abdominal Adiposity Increases CHD Risk Independently of BMI

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Low (73.6)

Medium (73.7-81.7)

High (81.8)

Waist

Circumference

Tertiles (cm)

High

(25.2)

Medium

(22.2-25.1)

Low

(22.1)

BMI Tertiles (kg/m2)

Age

-Adju

ste

d C

HD

Incid

en

ce

/10

0,0

00

Pers

on

-Yea

rs

Rexrode et al. JAMA 1998; 280: 1843-8

77

46 55

106

89 97

128

110

83

Page 9: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Comorbiditeiten

Start in HOOFD:

cva,pseudotumor cerebri,diabetische retinopathie

Stopt bij TENEN:

Diabetische neuropathie,veneuze stase

Tast ELK ORGAAN tussenin aan

GEEN ORGAANSYSTEEM DAT NIET IS BETROKKEN

Page 10: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30
Page 11: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

PROBLEEMGROEP: Kinderen

en adolescenten !!

ADIPOGENE OMGEVING: gemakkelijke

bereikbaarheid van voedsel + belangrijke afname in

noodzaak om zich te verplaatsen

Page 12: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

11

Page 13: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in youngsters

In the pediatric population, the overall prevalence is estimated at 4%, but it is 20% to 50% in overweight children.

Cook et al., Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 2003

Weiss et al., NEJM, 2004

Invitti et al., Int J Obes, 2006

Page 14: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Atherosclerosis In Youth Is Linked To Obesity and “Early” Insulin Resistance

Fatty Streaks BMI (kg/m2)

> 30

25-30

< 25

Raised Lesions

Adapted from McGill Jr. et al. Circulation. 2002;105:2712-2718

Aortic Strips

< 25

25-30

> 30

Men: Age 15-24

Page 15: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30
Page 16: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

The type 2 diabetes epidemic

USA/Canada

14.2m

17.5m (23%)

Number of people with diabetes (million) by region

for 2000 and 2010 (% increase)

Zimmet P et al. Nature 2001; 414: 782-7

Latin America

15.6m

22.5m (44%) South Africa

9.4m

14.1m (50%)

Australia

1.0m

1.3m (33%)

Asia

84.5m

132.3m (57%)

Europe

26.5m

32.9m (24%)

Page 17: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

17

Rel

ativ

e R

isk

<4.9 5.0-6.9 7.0-10.9 11.0-19.9 >20

20

40

60

80

<22

22.0-24.9

25.0-28.9

>29.0

BMI at age 18

Weight gain 18 - 32 years (kg)

From Colditz et al, Ann Intern Med 1995

Weight at 18 y and later risk for diabetes.

Page 18: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

18

Life expectancy at age 40:

Impact of excess body weight

35

40

45

50

Female non-smoker Male non-smoker

Life e

xpecta

ncy (

years

)

Peeters et al. Ann Intern Med, 2003

Normal 18.5–24.9 kg/m2

Overweight 25–29.9 kg/m2

Obese 30 kg/m2

46.3

43.0

39.2

43.4

40.3

37.5

7.1 y

5.8 y 3.1 y

3.3 y

Framingham Heart Study

Page 19: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

19

WHO 2002

Page 20: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Totale kosten gezondheidszorg voor “obesitas”

(in miljard euro) 2006

10,4 5,4

4,3

1,9

4,7

0,7

Page 21: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Conventioneel hypocalorisch dieet

Low fat, high carbohydrate diet

Very low calorie diets (VLCD of PSMF)

Totale vastenkuur (niet meer gebruikt)

Lichaamsbeweging (leisure en/of sport)

Pharmacologie

Gedragstherapie

Intra-gastrische ballon

Chirurgische, bariatrische interventies

Vermageren : HOE ?

Page 22: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30
Page 23: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

23

Wat is een goed dieet?

• Het dieet dat men blijvend kan volgen!

Page 24: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

24

Resultaat van diëten

• Zelfs zeer goed uitgebalanceerde en begeleide diëten hebben een pover resultaat 4-7 kg op 2 jr. tijd.

• Redelijkerwijs is nog minder te verwachten van niet begeleide persoonlijke initiatieven

• Jojo is regel blijvend resultaat de uitzondering

Page 25: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30
Page 26: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

26

Meer bewegen

• Weinig extra gewichtsverlies

• Belangrijk effect op:

- Glucose metabolisme

- LDL, HDL, Cholesterol

- Bloeddruk

- Alle meetbare factoren tav inspanningstolerantie

Page 27: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

27

Page 28: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

generisch Sibutramine Orlistat Rimonabant

merknaam Reductil Xenical Alli Acomplia

werkt centraal perifeer centraal

mechanisme serotonine en NE

reuptake inhibitor

pancreaslipase

inhibitor Cannabinoid-1 receptor

antagonist

G daling induceert

volheidsgevoel blokt 30% vetabsorptie

in darm

Inhibitie sweets

intake

dosis 5-15mg/d 3x120mg

3x60mg 20mg/d

CV (GI) CZS

MEDICATIE

Page 29: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

-4,1kg

-6,9kg

XENDOS study Torgerson et al Diabetes Care 2004

Page 30: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Dyslipidaemia Hypertension Type 2 DM

Weight Loss and Cardiovascular Risk

Obesity

Glycaemia HbA1c

Systolic BP Diastolic BP

Total Cholesterol LDL Cholesterol HDL Cholesterol

Moderate Weight

Loss (5-10%)

Van Gaal L. et al Int J Obesity, 1998

Page 31: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Benefits of 10 kg weight loss

Mortality >20% fall in total mortality

>30% fall in diabetes-related deaths

>40% fall in obesity-related cancer deaths

Blood Pressure Fall of ~10mmHg

Diabetes Fall of 50% in fasting blood glucose

Lipids Fall of 10% in total cholesterol

Fall of 15% in LDL

Fall of 30% in triglycerides

Increase of 8% in HDL

Van Gaal L. et al Int J Obesity, 1998

Page 32: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Wat bedoelt men met succes ?

Increasing Success

years

Weight maintenance phase

Natural course of weight gain

Weight loss phase

Body w

eig

ht

(kg)

months

Starting weight

Page 33: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Bariatrische

heelkunde

• BMI > 40 kg/m2

• BMI > 35 kg/m2

• diabetes mellitus type 2

• arteriële hypertensie (3 med)

• OSAS

• redo HK na falen vorige HK

> 18j

Page 34: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

+ 183%

Page 35: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

TYPES RESTRICTIEVE INGREPEN • jaw wiring

• maagballon

• maagbandje

• gastric sleeve

• gastric plication

MALABSORPTIE INGREPEN • Biliopancreatische derivatie (Scopinaro)

• Duodenal switch

GECOMBINEERDE INGREPEN • roux - en -Y gastric bypass

• mini bypass

Page 36: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

LIPOSUCTIE is GEEN bariatrische ingreep

LOUTER ESTHETISCH!!

Page 37: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

restrictieve ingrepen

Page 38: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30
Page 39: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Intragastric balloon

Endoscopisch geplaatste ballon 500 cc

fysiologisch of lucht

Maximaal 6 maanden ter plaatse

Cave barsten en migratie, maagerosie

77% regelmatig braken en continu

nausea

40% “very unsatisfied”

Bij superobesen om snelle G te

bekomen in afwachting andere procedure

Page 40: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Guy Hubens

Vertical Banded

Gastroplasty (VBG) Adjustable Gastric

Banding Sleeve resection

Page 41: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

aanpasbaar reservoir

“on patients demand”

weinig of geen postoperatieve problemen

reversiebel

“maagbandje”

Lap band

Swedish band

Page 42: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

-Braken

-Slipping (15%)

-Reflux oesophagitis

-Pseudoachalasia

-Port problemen

-Erosie van band (0-2%)

-Reoperatie rate: 2-52%

Evolutie naar “sweet eating” pattern: +/- 25% nonresponders

Page 43: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Sleeve gastrectomie

-75% gastrectomie (fundus, grote curvatuur)

- pouch 60-150 cc op geleide van bougie

32Fr-60Fr

- EWL : ongeveer 60% na 2j

- Eerste stap bij superobesen gevolgd door

malabsorptieprocedure (duodenal switch)

- nu ook meer als “single” procedure

Meer dan restrictieve procedure: effect op GHRELINE

Complicaties: staple line leaks, pouch dilatatie, reflux++

Page 44: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

44

nieuw: gastric plication

Bariatric Surgery World facilitates affordable gastric sleeve plication in India,

Mexico, Belgium, Costa Rica, Jordan and the US. For more information, submit

the estimate–request form on the right.

Page 45: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Original article

Laparoscopic gastric plication for treatment of severe

obesity

Stacy A. Brethauer, M.D.a,*, Jason L. Harris, Ph.D.b,

Matthew Kroh, M.D.a, Philip R. Schauer, M.D.a

aBariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio bEthicon, Endo-Surgery, Cincinnati, Ohio

Received May 6, 2010; accepted September 22, 2010

Page 46: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30
Page 47: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

“Malabsorptie ingrepen” “

geen plaats meer in huidig

chirurgsich landschap

Page 48: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Jejunum

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

GOUDEN STANDAARD

Page 49: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

49

Lower intestinal hypothesis

• RYGBP (en BPD) leveren sneller nutritienten aan distale darm (ileum, colon)

• stimuleren L cellen:

• - glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-

1)

• - peptide YY (PYY)

• - oxyntomoduline

• “incretines” Cummings J Clin Invest 2007

-Stimuleren insuline secretie

-Reduceren voedselinname

-Vertragen upper GI motiliteit

Page 50: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Roux-en Y Gastric Bypass

-“golden standard”

- Leakage rate: 0-6%

- Stenosis rate: 1,6-6,3%

- Internal hernia rate: +/- 4%

- Dumping with sweets intake

- B12, Fe, Ca, Folate follow up

uitgesloten restmaag: dilatatie (1%), bloeding (0.5-1%), toegankelijkheid?

Page 51: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

51 15

Page 52: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

52 16

Page 53: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Calcium

Vit D

Vit A

Vit B1

Vit B12

IJzer

WAT MET

TEKORTEN?

Page 54: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Cave!: HAARVERLIES

• 3de-6de maand postheelkunde

• Kan tot een jaar postop duren

• Reversiebel

• Tgv:

• proteineverlies

• Zink, ijzer tekort

• Vit B12 tekort

Page 55: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Postoperatieve supplementen na RYGBP (UZA)

of standaard

daarnaast aandacht voor en evt extra:

- Vit B12 (3maandelijks injectie)

- Vit D

- IJzer

Page 56: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

.

Gasteyger C et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:1128-1133

©2008 by American Society for Nutrition

Page 57: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

57

Theoretisch maar geen bewijs:

• Ca citraat (onafhankelijk van zuur) ipv Ca carbonaat

• Fe samen met Vit C geven (aanzuren voor betere reabsorptie)

Page 58: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Medicatie en RYGBP

• WEINIG LITERATUURGEGEVENS!!!

• Theoretisch weinig zuurproductie in kleine pouch en verminderde

intestinale (jejunale) lengte voor reabsorptie

• Extended release preparaten vermijden

• Geen probleem voor toxiciteit wel eventueel voor verminderde werking

daarom: verhoogde monitoring nodig

niet mogelijk bij pil als anticonceptie: switch naar andere

vormen van anticonceptie?

Page 59: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Cave: Salicylaten!!

• VERHOOGDE incidentie van ulceraties, meer bepaald anastomoseulceraties

• zeker bij ROKERS

Page 60: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Wat met flatus en stoelgang na RYGBP?

Eerste weken na ingreep wisselvallig

Nadien normaal patroon (soms eerder obstipatie)

In regel geen diarrhea, zo wel: opsporen steathorrhea

Page 61: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

61

Andere gastric bypass gevolgen:

• Koudegevoel

• Borborygmi

• Constipatie

• DUMPING

- voeding aanpassen

- glucobay

- octreotide (analogen)

- afbreken ingreep ?

Page 62: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

62

17

Page 63: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Efficacy for improvement in hypertension

Resolved Resolved/Improved

ALL 61.7% 78.5%

Banding 63.2% 70.8%

VBG 69.0% 85.5%

Gastric Bypass 67.5% 87.2%

BPD-Switch 83.4% 85%

Buchwald JAMA 2004

Page 64: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Efficacy for improvement in hyperlipidemia

HYPERLIPIDEMIA HYPERCHOLEST HYPERTG

ALL 79.3% 71.3% 82.4%

Banding 58.9% 78% 77%

VBG 73.6% 38.4% 72.4%

Gastric Bypass 96.9% 94.9% 91.2%

BPD - Switch 99.5% 99.7% 100%

Buchwald JAMA 2004

Page 65: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Type 2 diabetes improved 86%

Type 2 diabetes resolved 77%

Obstructive sleep apnea Imp 84%

Obstructive sleep apnea Res 86%

Dyslipidemia improved 70%

Hypertension improved 78%

Hypertension resolved 62%

Buchwald H et al, JAMA 2004; 292: 1724-37

Proportion of disease resolved and/or

improved

improved by bariatric

surgery (meta-analysis)

Page 66: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Long-Term Mortality After

Gastric Bypass Surgery %

re

du

ce

d/1

0,0

00

pe

rson

-yrs

40% 56%

60% 92%

All Cause

Mortality

Coronary

Artery

Disease Cancer Diabetes

Adams TD, et al. NEJM 2007;357:753

Page 67: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Who would have thought it? An operation

proves to be the most effective therapy for

adult onset diabetes”

W Pories 1995 222: 339-350

KEY POINT: Surgery (RYGBP) is more

effective than medical therapy in treating

diabetes type 2

83% of type 2 diabetes patients

euglycaemic /nl HbA1c

Page 68: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

The gastric bypass operation

reduces the progression and

mortality of non insulin dependent

diabetes mellitus McDonald 1997 1 213-220

KEY POINT: 3 fold reduction in mortality in

surgical group compared to matched (age,

sex, weight and %hypertension)

conservatively treated group after 7 years

Page 69: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

69

• Remission : (no medication)

• fasting glucose <126

• HbA1c <6.2%

Surgery: 73%

Conservative:13%

21% weight loss in

surgery group

2% weight loss in

conservative group

Dixon JAMA 2008

Page 70: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Effect of laparoscopic Roux en Y gastric

bypass on type 2 diabetes mellitus Schauer 2003 238 467-485

treatment Net reduction

OA usage 80%

OA quantity 84%

Insulin usage 79%

Insulin quantity 90%

30% discontinued medication at

discharge of hospital

Page 71: Obesitasheelkunde Guy Hubens4 Obesity Rates: Current and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 USA England Mauritius Australia Brazil %population BMI>30

Improved

33

Resolved

158

Severity

IFG 0 100%

Diet 3% 97%

Oral 13% 87%

Insulin 38% 62%

Improved

33

Resolved

158

Duration

<5y 5% 95%

5-10y 25% 75%

>10y 46% 54%

Schauer Ann Surg 2003

SEVERITY

DURATION

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Big question:

• can we treat low BMI type 2 diabetes

patients with bariatric surgical

procedures?

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• case reports

• 2 studies proximal

intestinal exclusion

• 1 study gastric banding

yes we

can !

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Maar....

• Postop mortaliteit: 0-1,5%

• Lekkage met sepsis

• Longembolen

• Bloedingen

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stents UZA gegevens

• SEMS can close postop leaks in 71%

• leaks after SG heal best (80%)

• pts who receive stent after previous

surgical attempts to close leak do worse

(only 33% closure)

• dislocation of stent occurs in 50%

• you need a handy endoscopist!

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Ann Surg 2005 242 (1) 20-28

N= 40

N= 40

RYGBP

m RYGBP

EWL 1j : 58% 2j 59%

EWL 1j : 65% 2j 63%

geen verschil in resultaat op co-

morbiditeiten

Nog onduidelijk: GALREFLUX ANASTOMOSEULCUS

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Eigen UZA gegevens...