nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com€¦ · Web viewnyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com

“Love your country, and teach others to love it, too, and it will grow to become a GREAT

COUNTRY!”

“It will never be too late to reform our country if we add courage and hope in the intention.”

“If our country is ill, it's time to work together to find the cure.”

2Este material educativo es para uso exclusivo de los alumnos del Programa de Educación a Distancia del

Liceo Naval “Almirante Guise”



Unit 2

Exercises using Phrasal Verbs

A Famous Cartoon (exercise)

Either/Neither exercises

Articles + Exercises

Words often confused

Reported Speech + Exercises

Vocabulary and Reading

To tip or not to tip? + Exercises

Is a good holiday what I need?

Eating Abroad (exercise)

Avoid Culture Shock

Reading Comprehension Exercises

How cosmopolitan are you?

Writing Articles



I’m so tired, that I can’t stand up und the TV !

Complete this gap and the following ones!

Remember that before doing these exercises, you have to press the

Control Key and Click on ..\LINKS\Phrasal Dictionary..\Phrasal

Dictionary\PHRASAL VERBS.doc

A) Phrasal Verbs with turn:

Use the correct form of the Phrasal Verbs from the box to complete the

following sentences. Don’t forget to change the tense of the verbs according to each

sentence!

1. There’s too much snow on the road. I’m afraid we’re going to have to

.

2. That music is much too loud. Can you please it ?

3. Please all the lights when you go to bed.

4. I have a radio in my car but I don’t often it .

5. I thought the test would be difficult but as it it was easy.

6. We weren’t expecting Harry at the party – he just .

7. We made her the offer of the job but she it .



turn off turn up turn back

turn on turn out turn down

What time did you

home?

B) Phrasal verbs with back:

Complete these sentences using the correct form of one of the phrasal

verbs above.

1. Whenever I hear that tune it happy memories.

2. What time did you home last night?

3. “The witness hasn’t told us everything,” said Holmes. “She must be

Something ”

4. I can’t to college now - I'm much too old!

5. I’m just about to eat my lunch. Can I you in a couple of minutes?

6. When the thief was caught, he had to all the money he had stolen.

7. When we the cassette , the tape was blank; it hadn’t recorded.



call back hold back play back go back get back

hand back bring back

A good friend never You , although he is far away from you!

C) Phrasal verbs with down

Complete these sentences using the correct form of one of the phrasal

verbs above.

1. A good friend never you .

2. The show is over. We can the poster now.

3. They offered her a lot of money for the house but she them .

4. As the old lady was crossing the road she was by a bus.

5. It was such an old house they decided to have it .

6. You should draw up a contract and everything in writing.

7. Prices in the shops never seem to ; they’re always going up.



let down come down put down takedown

pull down turn down knock down

I think we have to

our soccer match!

D) Phrasal verbs (time)

Complete these sentences using the correct form of one of the phrasal verbs

above. Use two of the verbs for the same sentence.

1. If it rains, we’ll have to the match till next week.

2. Can you just a minute? I want to finish this exercise.

3. Sorry I’m late. I was by traffic.

4. Although the teacher told them to be quiet they talking.

5. He’s not as young as he used to be; he’s a bit now.

6. Instead of going home, the fans outside the stadium causing

trouble.

7. Can I just have a quick word with you? It shouldn’t too much

time.



put back take up carry on get on hold on

put off hang around hold up

Some day I have to the things

I eat, BUT NOT TODAY!

E) Phrasal verbs (food)

Complete these sentences using the correct form of one of the phrasal verbs above.

1. We’ve of cheese. I’ll have to go and get some more.

2. I’ve two kilos since I stopped playing basketball.

3. This beef smells awful; it must have !

4. After the Mad Cow Disease scare, a lot of people eating meat

completely.

5. Before you put the pork in the pan it should be into little pieces.

6. I’ve not stopped eating meat completely, but I’ve .



give up go off run out put on cut up cut

educate and care for a child cause to fall or to become less take someone/something with you produce a new product cause something to happen

B

1.- bring out2.- bring along3.- bring down4.- bring about5.- bring up

A

I have this new toy, which is as cute as me!

F Phrasal verbs with bring

Match the phrasal verbs in list A with their meanings in list B. Write the

number that corresponds in each line.

Complete these sentences using the correct form of one of the phrasal verbs above.

1. Alfredo was born in Italy but in New York.

2. Oasis have a new CD. Have you heard it?

3. The scandal the government.

4. The crisis has been by the council’s mistakes.

5. If you come to the party, you can a friend.



Exam practice: Use of English

For questions 1-15, read the text below and think of the word which best fits

each space. Use only one word in each space.

A famous cartoon

There are few people in the world today who have not heard of The Flintstones.

The Flintstones is broadcast on TV channels all (1) the world every hour of every

day. It is watched regularly (2) an incredible 300 million fans. Recently the

whole series of 166 episodes was broadcast non-stop across the USA - a remarkable

achievement for a cartoon (3) was so badly received by the critics on its first

appearance nearly 40 years (4) .

Hanna and Barbera are the cartoonists responsible for Fred and Wilma Flintstone

and (5) neighbours, Barney and Betty. In the late 1950s they were approached by

Screen Gems with the idea of producing an animated prime-time TV programme,

something which (6) never been done before. The already successful creators of

Huckleberry Hound decided to give (7) a try.

The cartoonists created a Stone Age married couple but gave (8) the

problems of a modern suburban family. The characters were also given a whole lot of

gadgets made of stone and (9) prehistoric materials. Fred’s famous cry of “yabba

dabba doo” was not at first part of the script but was made (10) by the actor

who was responsible for Fred’s voice.

The cartoonists carried (11) research into prehistoric times, which helped

them in the creation of the series. The storylines were based on other TV series

(12) families and many of the episodes depended (13) audience fears, like

unemployment or going to the dentist. There were also guest appearances by famous

personalities, (14) as “Leonard Bernstone” and “Stony Curtis”.

It is hard to believe today that some of the reviews of the first episode (15)

actually very bad. Today it is one of the most popular cartoons on TV.



You use either ... or to talk about a choice between two possibilities.

You can have either biscuits or cake.

I’m not sure when they will finish; either tomorrow or Saturday.

You use both ... and to join two ideas.

Clint Eastwood is both a director and an actor.

Both Debra and John are coming to the party

The opposite of both…….and is neither... nor, and it is used to join two negative

ideas.

My father neither smokes nor drinks.

She speaks neither French nor Italian.

When you use neither... nor to join A)singular subjects, the verb is

normally singular, but in B)informal spoken English the verb is sometimes plural.

A) Neither Oliver nor Stan is very smart.

B) Neither Oliver nor Stan are very smart.

You use not only ... but also to add extra information. It is quite formal.

Eastwood is not only an actor, but also a director.

He not only writes poetry, but also composes music.

When not only comes at the beginning of a sentence for emphasis, the order of

the verb and subject changes.

Not only is he the best player in the world, he is also the youngest.

Not only can she speak Russian, she can also speak Hungarian!



Either... or, both ... and, neither... nor, not only ... but also

either, neither, both

Notes:

You use either alone to mean “'I don’t mind which one.”

“Do you want to listen to music or watch TV?” “Either.”

You use neither alone to mean “not one or the other”.

“Is he going to Italy or Spain for his holidays?” “Neither. He’s going to France.”

You use both alone to mean “one and the other.”

“Do you like classical music or pop music?” “I like both.”

When you agree with a negative idea, you use neither + modal/auxiliary + subject.

“I can’t drive.” “Neither can I.”

Complete these sentences using Either... or, both ... and, neither... nor,

not only ... but also

1 What would you like? You can have coffee or orange juice.

2 We can tell her the good news either now later,

3 I know nor care what the people next door are doing.

4 It is more economical and quicker to take the bus.

5 Not do I have a lot of books to read, I have a lot of letters to write.

6 I neither dance sing.

7 He owns a car nor a motorbike.

8 He only plays the violin, but also the cello.



Articles

Here are some of the basic rules for using articles in English.

The definite article (the)

You use the:

When you talk about something that has been mentioned before.

“I saw a woman shouting for help.” “Would you recognize the

woman if you saw her again?”

With something that both the speaker and listener know about.

“What was the film like yesterday?” “Pretty dull, actually.”

With something there is only one of (the Parthenon, the Moon, the King, the

President).

I'm looking forward to seeing the Pyramids when we visit Egypt.

With superlative adjectives.

Today is the happiest day of my life.

With certain geographical/place names (the Alps, the Mediterranean, the

Nile, the United Kingdom).

Have you ever been to the United States of America?

With geographical areas (the seaside, the north, the country).

Life in the city is so stressful compared to life in the country.

With certain public places (the theatre, the cinema, the bank, the post office,

the library).

“I’ve got to go to the post office later- do you need anything?”

The indefinite article (a/an)

You use a/an:

When you talk about something for the first time.

He took a gun out of his pocket. It was the one he’d used in the last

robbery.



With jobs.

My wife is a doctor at the local hospital.

When you talk about one thing in a general way. (You are not referring to a

particular one.)

A teacher can only help you learn; she can’t make you learn.

With the numbers 100, 1 000, 1 000 000.

My neighbour has just won a million pounds on the Lottery!

The zero article (no article)

You don't use an article:

With abstract nouns (used in their general sense), plural nouns and

uncountable nouns (people, love, fruit, beer, politicians).

Money does not bring happiness.

Corrupt politicians are ruining our country.

With most geographical/place names.

My favourite city in the world is New York.

With certain places and situations (hospital, home,holiday, work, school).

What are you doing at work these days?

I usually go to school by bike.

Note

In the sentences below, the use of the definite article refers to the place as a

building, whereas the use of no article emphasizes the function of the place.

I go to the school at about, a quarter past four to pick them up.

My children are at school from nine to four o 'clock.

The official home of the British prime minister is 10 Downing

Street.

The prime minister often doesn't get home until very late at

night.



After having read the basic rules for using articles in English, you are ready

now to answer some questions.

On the lines provided, write: the, a/an or 0(no article)

What do you use when you talk about most geographical/place names?

What do you use when you talk about something there is only one of?

What do you use when you talk about jobs?

What do you use when you talk about certain places or situations? (E.g. hospital, home,

school)

What do you use when you talk about something for the first time?

What do you use when you talk about something that both the speaker and the listener

know about?

What do you use when you talk about something mentioned before?

What do you use when you talk about singular countable nouns? (When the person or

thing is not a particular one)

What do you use when you talk about certain public places?

What do you use when you talk about abstract nouns (used in their general sense), plural

nouns and uncountable nouns?

What do you use when you talk about certain geographical/place names?

Complete these sentences with a, an, the or 0 (when no article is needed).

1 car is giving me problems; I’m going to buy new one.

2 I love listening to music but I can’t play musical instrument.

3 Did you enjoy play?

4 My friends are backpacking through Asia.

5 I’m going to cinema to see new film by French director called

Depardieu.

6 I have to stay at home tonight because I’m expecting phone call.

7 She wants to be actress when she grows up.16

Este material educativo es para uso exclusivo de los alumnos del Programa de Educación a Distancia del Liceo Naval “Almirante Guise”

8 I believe friendship is more important than love.

9 I saw man talking to woman. man was about fifty years old;

woman was tall and attractive.

10 How long has Jean been in hospital?

Complete this text with a, an, the or 0 (when no article is needed).

There is plenty to see and do in and around Athens, both during (1) day

and at (2) night. Visit (3) Acropolis, (4) most famous site in Athens; walk

round (5) busy streets and buy (6) leather bags and jackets; go to (7)

museum or spend the day at the seaside.

Clean, sandy beaches are easily reached by (8) bus or (9) taxi from

(10) centre of Athens. Enjoy (11) sunshine, swim in (12) clear water

and then eat (13) lunch in (14) fish restaurant near (15) beach.

In (16) evening, have (17) meal in one of (18)

many cafes and restaurants in (19) city centre. Many of these restaurants can be

found in quiet, picturesque squares near (20) churches.

Most have (21) tables outside under the trees, and here you can eat (22) a

variety of Greek food at (23) reasonable price.

Enjoy your stay in Athens, it’s (24) great place for (25) holiday!



Do you like my red tie and my black ?

Complete these sentences using one of the words above.

1 I’m going to wear a clown’s to the carnival party.

2 I haven’t worn a and tie since I got married.

3 It’s the in Britain for the bride and groom to cut the wedding cake together.

4 She was wearing a lovely, long evening .

5 I only wear a on formal occasions.

6 I’m going to the party in fancy .

7 I’ll need a king’s for my role in the play.

8 Wearing black at funerals is a in most European countries.



suit dress costume custom

When you report what someone has said (direct speech), you often have to make

certain changes to verb tenses and other words (reported or indirect speech).

Reporting statements

When the reporting verb is in the past, you normally make the following tense

changes. The verb usually “moves back” one tense.

Present simple —> Past simple

“George lives near me,” said Tina.

Tina said George lived near her.

Present continuous —> Past continuous

“I’m leaving next Saturday,” said Lisa.

Lisa told me she was leaving the following Saturday.

Past simple —> Past perfect simple

“I missed the train,” said Lucy.

Lucy explained that she had missed the train.

Past continuous —> Past perfect continuous

“Frank was living in France at the time,” said John.

John said Frank had been living in France at the time.

Present perfect —> Past perfect

“We’ve never been to Italy,” said Jill.

Jill told us they had never been to Italy.



Simple future -> would

I’ll be here until Saturday,” David said.

David said he would be there until Saturday.

must —> had to

“We must phone Kate,” said Mark.

Mark reminded us that we had to phone Kate.

can —> could

“I can’t swim,” said Bob.

Bob said he couldn’t swim.

You do not make a tense change in the reported statement:

• if the direct speech is in the past perfect or has the following modals: must (for

deduction), might, ought to, could, should, would.

“You ought to exercise more,” said my doctor.

My doctor told me I ought to exercise more.

“Tim had gone by the time I arrived,” said Helen.

Helen said that Tim had gone by the time she arrived.

• if the reporting verb is in the present.

“I’ll be with you in a minute.”

He says he’ll be with you in a minute.

• if you want to emphasize that what you are reporting is still true. This can be because

it is generally true or because it is very near in time.

“The population is growing.”

The teacher said the population is growing.

“I don’t feel well.”

Mary said she doesn’t feel well.



Directnow

todaytomorrowyesterdaynext weeklast yeartwo days agoherethis/that

Reportedthen

that daythe next/following day

the previous day/the day beforethe next/following week

the previous year/the year beforetwo days before/previouslytherethe

Other changes

You usually change pronouns, depending on who is speaking and who is

reporting, and you usually change expressions of time and place. The main rule for

these changes is that the sense of the reported sentence should be clear. Here are some

of the possible changes. (You do not need to make these changes if the time or place

is the same when you report it as it was in the direct statement.)

Reporting verbs

Here are some verbs you can use when you report speech:

admit, advise, agree, apologize (for), blame (for), congratulate (on), deny, explain,

offer, promise, recommend, remind, say, tell, think, warn

Spoken EnglishIn spoken English we often put the reporting verb in the past continuous when

reporting what someone has said recently.

“Mary was just saying that she’d like to go to a Chinese restaurant.”

“Bill was telling me the other day that he was thinking of resigning.”



1 2 3 4

?

Reporting questions

When you report a question, you use the same word order as in the statement.

You make the same tense and other changes as you do for reported statements.

“Where did Pete go?” asked Lucy.

Lucy asked me where Pete had gone.

If there is no question word (where, what, who, when, how, why), you use

if/whether.

“Will he be here soon?”

She wondered if he would he there soon.

NoteYou do not use a question mark in the reported question.

Reporting orders, advice and requests

You use the verbs advise/ask/tell/order/warn + pronoun + to when you report

orders, advice and requests.

“Stand up straight,” the sergeant shouted.

The sergeant told the soldiers to stand up straight.

“Don’t lean out of the window,” he said.

He warned us not to lean out of the window.

“Could you pass me the salt?” said Jane.

Jane asked me to pass her the salt.



Reporting suggestionsYou can use the following patterns to report suggestions

• suggest + -ing• suggest + person + infinitive• suggest + that + person + should + infinitive

She suggested going out that afternoon.She suggested Lucy try a new restaurant.

She suggested that they should stay at home for the holiday.

Rewrite these sentences, changing the direct speech to reported speech.

“I was having a nightmare.” He told us

“I had had similar nightmares as a child.” He said he

“I’ll take some sleeping pills.” He said

“Pass me the salt, please.” She asked me

“Don’t do that!” She told him

“I’m hungry” She says

“Well, you’re right; my mother is my best friend.” She admitted

“I had a dream last night.” He announced

“You have talked too much.” She told

“We can interpret dreams.” They claimed

“You must study more.” She said

“If you attend the conference next week, you will hear many theories about dreams. He

promised



Here are some things people have said. Complete the reported speech sentences using the correct form of one of the verbs below in each space.

1. “I love you.”

She him she loved him.

2. “Where are you going?”

He where I was going.

3. “I will get Grade A in the exam.”

She she would get Grade A in the exam.

4. “We’ll give you back your money soon.”

They they would give me back my money soon.

5. “I’m getting married to Susan!”

He he was getting married to Susan.

6. “We have only finished because we’ve worked late every evening.”

He they had only finished because they had worked late every

evening.

Exam Practice: Use of English (Reported Speech)

For questions 1-10, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar

meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Don’t change the word given. You

must use between two and five words, including the word given.

1. “Have you ever been to a psychiatrist?” Arthur asked Mary. visited

Arthur asked Mary a psychiatrist.

2. “When was the last time you went to the doctor?” been

He wondered when she to the doctor.



announce ask claim explain promise tell

3. “Where did the concert take place?” had

He wanted to know place.

4. “Was it a good meal?” been

He asked her a good meal.

5. “Did you meet him last night?” Chris asked Lucy. met

He wanted to know the night before.

6. “How do manage on your salary? Helen asked Maria. managed

Helen couldn’t understand salary.

7. “What did you do yesterday?” asked the old lady. day

The old lady asked me what before.

8. “What shall I do with this cat?” Anna asked her mother. should

Anna asked her mother what cat.

9. “Do you think we should smoke in here?” they

He asked her there.

10. “Have you ever been to the ballet? he

She wondered to the ballet.

11. “Have you ever been to the dentist before?” the dentist asked Peter. visited

The dentist asked Peter the dentist before.

12. “Where did the accident occur?” had

She wanted to know occurred.

13. “Did you see John yesterday? day

He wanted to know whether she before.

14. “Don’t touch those cakes!” she said to them. not

She told cakes.



A 1 insult 2 persist 3 custom 4 reason

5 persuade 6 common

7 information 8 humiliate

9 sign10 receive11 direct12 prompt13 rules

14 frequently

B habit

straight embarrass

signal accept usually offend

regulations ordinary

insist convince

cause knowledge punctual

Match words from list A with words from list B that have a similar meaning. Write the correct number in each circle.



Complete these pairs of sentences using the correct form of one of the words

from the previous page. (You can choose from either list A or list B). Use the

definitions to help you choose the right word. (The ones in brackets)

1 a The police officer gave us a to stop. (A sound or an action intended to

give a message.)

b Road shaped like a triangle usually warn you about something. (A

notice

that gives information or instructions.)

2 a She that she was innocent. (To say something forcefully, especially

when someone opposes you.)

b If you in cheating, I will have to fail you. (To continue to do something,

even if someone doesn’t want you to do so.)

3 a What did he give for leaving his last job? (The fact which explains why

something happens.)

b What was the of the accident? (A person or thing that makes something

happen.)

4 a My mother me to get my hair cut. (To make someone do something they

were unwilling to do by giving good reasons.)

b You will never me that there is life on other planets. (To make someone

believe something.)

5 a Donkeys are on Greek islands. (Something that is usual or frequent.)

b Although she is a famous star she leads a/an life. (Something that is not

unusual or special in any way.)

6 a It is the in some countries to pin money on the bride and groom at a

wedding. (An activity that is common among a particular group of people and is part

of their way of life.)

b Smoking is a very bad . (Something we do repeatedly, often without

thinking.)

7 a I’d like some about holidays in Spain. (Facts or details that tell you

something about a situation, person, event etc)

b My of foreign languages is not very good. (Information and

understanding gained through learning or experience.)



Complete the text using one of the words from the Vocabulary lists. (two

pages before)

The art of tipping is a difficult one to learn, given the differences in attitude and

(1) of the game. And in today’s supposedly classless society, it’s a wonder the

custom (2) , since the historical (3) for tipping have now disappeared.

The word tip, it is said, is an acronym of the sign “To Insure Promptness”, which

was posted in eighteenth century London coffee houses. However, the (4) of giving

a tip to low-paid workers, such as maids, waiting staff and bellboys, goes back much

further. Originally, London cab drivers (5) a tip to (6) them to go from A to B

by the quickest, most (7) route. In France, the term pourboire means, literally, “for

drinking”. The custom of handing over the price of a beer (even if the service is poor or

non-existent) is still (8) in some European countries.

Sometimes the customer - for lack of (9) about the local custom - may give too

much, but if you do not give enough, you had better watch out. Waiters in some

restaurants (10) make their feelings known in a loud and insulted voice or have

even been known to return the tip to the now humiliated customer.



Complete these questions with an appropriate word and then answer them.

1 is tipping difficult to learn?

2 does the word tip come from?

3 does the word pourboire mean?

4 the custom of giving tips still common in Europe?

5 do waiters react if they think they have been given a small tip?

6 you ever been embarrassed in public? When? Why?

7 people tip in your country?

8 you think we should tip? Why? Why not?



I NEVER miss a flight!

EXAM PRACTICE: Use of English “Is a good holiday what I need?”

For questions 41-50, read the text below. Use the words given in CAPITALS at the

end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line.

It is two hours before (41) time and I still haven’t

set off for the airport, although the ticket (42) says I am

supposed to be there at least one and a half hours before the

(43) is due to take off. I have always considered this

policy totally (44) and so tend to arrive at the airport as

late as I can.

This habit of mine was almost (45) the last time I set

off for the airport by train. Everything was going (46)

and I was feeling quite relaxed, when suddenly the train

stopped and an (47) was made that we had to change

trains for what they referred to as (48) “ ” reasons. Of

course this was another way of saying the train had broken

down and it meant a delay of about twenty minutes. As if

that wasn’t enough, on (49) at the airport there was a

huge queue at the check-in counter. There had been a (50)

bomb threat and everyone had to go through a

thorough security check before finally boarding the plane.



DEPART

INFORM

FLY

NECESSARY

DISASTER

SMOOTH

ANNOUNCE

TECHNIQUE

ARRIVE

TERROR

I don’t mind either where I am or what I am doing….. I just NEVER STOP EATING, at home or abroad!

EXAM PRACTICE: Use of English, Part 4

For questions 26-40, read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some of

the lines are correct, and some have a word which should not be there. If a line is

correct, put a tick. If a line has a word which should not be there, write the word.

Eating abroad

26 Eating out in other countries around the world can to be very difficult; the words

27 we use may seem similar but they are often mean different things. Take scrambled

28 eggs. An American woman visiting Thailand decided to order breakfast at an

29 outdoor restaurant. She asked for scrambled eggs and the waiter has answered,

30 “Yes, of course. Scrambly ag. We make very good scrambly ag.” A short time later

31 he returned back with two fried eggs, sunny side up. “No, no,” said the woman,

32 “I ordered them scrambled.” The waiter nodded and smiled her and took the eggs

33 back to the kitchen. However, once more again he returned with two fried eggs.

34 This time the woman said slowly, but with great emphasis, “No, no, scrambled, like

35 this ...”', and she made up a very clear stirring motion with her hands. The waiter

36 nodded and a few minutes later he came back with two fried eggs. He spun round

37 on his toes and then set the plate in the front of her with a satisfied grin. Then there

38 was the British tourist in the Madrid who had a soft spot for mushrooms and did not

39 know the Spanish word for them. The tourist cheerfully took out a piece of a paper

40 and a pencil and drew a picture of his favourite dish; the waiter nodded and a

couple of minutes later came back with an umbrella.



A) Harrods is a tourist attraction, but for shopping in

London try other big department stores, such as Selfridges, Lewis’s and Debenhams. A

good place for clothes is Marks and Spencer. Take a stroll along Oxford Street, the main

shopping centre. When there are sales on, you are allowed, and even expected, to

bargain with the shop assistant to try and get a better price for goods. If there are a lot of

people, you should wait your turn to be served. Most large stores also have restaurants

where customers can have lunch or a quick snack.

B) If you are invited to dinner at someone’s home, you

should take some flowers or a box of chocolates. If you are invited to an informal party,

it is quite common to take a bottle of wine or even a few bottles of beer. At English

parties men are expected to wear a suit and tie. If you wish to bring a friend along, that’s

fine, but it is polite to ask first. You are not expected to turn up with very expensive

presents.



C) People in Britain are generally quite careful about

time. When you are invited to someone’s house, you should either arrive on time or no

later than fifteen minutes after the time arranged. If in doubt, give your hosts a ring.

You should be careful about overstaying your welcome. Look out for signs of tiredness

in your hosts. The best time to leave is when they appear with their pyjamas on. You

can say, “Well, I think it’s time we were going ...”

D) Usually in Britain we introduce people by their first name or

their first name and surname together. Most people use first names at informal parties. It

is usual to shake hands with men and to kiss women on the cheek when you are

introduced to them. Do not embrace, however, on this first encounter, and do not stand

too close to the other person. As you are introduced to someone you say, “How do you

do?” or “Pleased to meet you.” You need not wait to be introduced -just introduce

yourself.33


Hey, Garfield!Don’t drink so much, I’m paying the bill!

Mmm… I was about to order more!

E) You can “break the ice” with strangers by talking

about the weather: “Shame about the weather.” “Is it still raining?” or “Bit chilly today,

don’t you think?” When you have broken the ice like this, you can then go on to ask the

person you are talking to how much money they earn. Another good topic for

conversation is work. However, people do not like talking about politics except in a

general way, and you should avoid asking them what political party they vote for. On

first meeting someone, it is also not appropriate to ask about their age or how much they

weigh.

F) A pub is where you drink beer or other alcoholic

drinks, but light refreshments are also available. Pubs serve drinks at fixed times and

generally accept last orders at about 11 pm. It may be difficult to get a drink after this

time. At lunch-time and sometimes in the evening, food is served. If you order more

than three pints of beer, the food is free of charge, so drink as much as you can and then


34

1

4

5

6

7

8

9

32

1110

ask (politely) for your free meal. People may pay for their own drinks or take it in turns

to buy a “round”, in other words, to pay for the whole group.

EXAM PRACTICE:

For questions 1-11, choose from the situations A-F (from the text: “Avoid

Culture Shock” on the previous page). Some of the situations may be used more

than once. When more than one answer is required, these may be given in any

order.

In which situation or situations:

should you make small talk?

should you keep an eye on the time?

should you keep your distance?

is a small gift appropriate?

should you wait in a queue?

should you not ask about people’s political beliefs?

might you have to buy someone a drink?

should you ask permission from your host?

can you buy something to eat?

Each part of the text “Avoid Culture Shock” contains a false

statement about Britain. Read the text again, investigate, and then

underline these statements.

Compare the customs in the text with those in your country. What are the

differences and what are the similarities?


35

Choose five topics from the box below, and write how you think your

country’s culture and costumes are different from others.

Example: driving: We are very dangerous drivers

food: Our food is salty.

Reread the text quickly and choose a heading for each part from the box

above. Write you headings on the red lines provided. (A-F)

Investigate and then complete the chart below.

COUNTRY NATIONALITY LANGUAGE

Japan

Chilean

German

Sweden

Brazilian

Spanish

Nigeria

Egyptian

Portuguese

Norway

Australian


food clothes driving entertainment visiting friends

introductions shopping gestures punctuality

going out in the evening meeting people for the first time

36

1. If you invite a visitor from an Arab country for dinner, which of the following

should you avoid serving?

pork shellfish alcohol chips lettuce

2. You are with someone from Saudi Arabia and you notice they are wearing two

watches -why?

3. In which languages do the following mean thank you? Match the countries with the

word.

a) Spanish ( ) danke

b) French ( ) grazie

c) German ( ) gracias

d) Italian ( ) merci

4 What do the following mean and in which language?

bis bald

arrivederci

c'est la vie

5 In which of these countries do people avoid eye contact?

Japan Brazil Pakistan

6 In which countries do people tend to stand close to you when they speak to you and in

which do they “keep their distance”? Write Close or Distant under each country.

Japan Britain Arab countries Mexico Finland


37

7 What typically American and British gesture below means OK, but in Australia and

Bangladesh is rude?

8 In which country is blowing your nose in public considered bad manners?

Greece Spain Korea Russia

9 Which day is the day of rest in Arab countries?

Wednesday Friday Saturday Sunday

10 True or false? There is no difference between the United Kingdom and Great

Britain.


38

EXAM PRACTICE: Magazine article

In Part 2 of the writing exam, you may be asked to write an article for a

magazine. An article is about a particular subject and is written for a general audience.

It could include information, description, your opinions or arguments for and against a

topic. The key to writing a good article is that it attracts the reader’s attention-you want

them to read it! Here are some tips on writing an article.

• Read the question carefully. Make sure you understand what is being asked

for.

• Think about who you are writing for. What age are they? What interests do they

have?

• Think about who you are writing for, and how this will affect the kind of

language you use.

• Think about how you can make your article interesting and different.

• Plan your article before you begin writing.

• Begin and end your article in an interesting and unusual way.

• Write in a neutral or friendly style.

• Organize your article into paragraphs, each with a clear topic.

• Use a good range of grammar and vocabulary.

• Use appropriate punctuation.

• Check your article for mistakes when you have finished.

On the next page is a student article. Read the article quickly. Which

country is the student describing? Use the photographs as a clue.

Then give each paragraph a suitable heading. Choose from the topics in the

box below, and write them on the red lines provided.


food drink transport entertainment climate

shopping accommodation souvenirs sightseeing39

Travel Tips for TouristsThere are certain things you should remember if you want to get the most out of a visit

to my country.

First of all, travelling around. One good way of seeing the

country is to travel by train. The trains in my country are quite efficient and not too

expensive. In the big cities, you can take the bus or a taxi. Hitch-hiking is quite

dangerous and should be avoided. If you want to get around cheaply, try cycling.

Hotels in the summer are usually full. If you are stuck, try asking

for rooms in private houses. However, you may have to share a bathroom with other

guests. Do not expect the owners to spend a lot of time with you; they will tend to keep

themselves to themselves.

The traditional food of my country is rich and tasty and uses a lot

of meat; not many fresh vegetables are used. The golden rule is: eat the main meal at

lunch-time. In the evening, we prefer to eat a cold dish, such as sausages and cheese.

The first course is usually soup; the famous goulash is not a main dish but a soup,

My country has a wide variety of wines, both red and white. Try

the white demi-sec Tokaj Aszu, which is probably the best, but quite expensive. Besides

wine, there is an excellent local beer and Russian vodka is also available, which is very

cheap.

My country is famous for its colourful traditional embroidery,

found on blouses, tablecloths etc. Typical souvenirs also include dolls and clowns made

of porcelain.

Welcome to !


40

Write an article about your country for an international student magazine. The aim of the article is to give information to visitors so that they can get the most out of their stay.

Before you begin to write your article, think about what information, advice or suggestions you could give to visitors to your country. Make notes on your ideas, and then organize them into paragraphs, only then you will be ready to write your article.

Use some of the expressions below.

Useful language

Giving advice

One thing you should remember…

If you want to...

Be careful not to...

You had better...

Remember to...

A golden rule is...

Generalizing

Most people tend to...

It is common...

Generally speaking,...

People generally…

On the whole, ...


41

ENDOF THE

2nd TERM!


42

Documents

nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com€¦ · Web viewnyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com