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8/22/2019 Nutrition Plants Bio 4
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Also can cause by excessive intake of ____
_____________________ which can increase the
__________________________, thus
___________the blood pressure.
Ways to reduce the risk of HBP :
Reduce the intake of food which are rich in_______________________
Exercise _______________
Reduce the intake of salts in food, as well as
__________________ Do not ____________
Have enough ________________
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DIET-RELATED DISEASE DIABETES MELLITUS
Caused by _____________________in the blood & its
subsequent _________________in the urine
Excessive intake of food rich in sugar (________________ )
can cause diabetes ____________
___________________can also lead to DM
The risk of DM can be reduced by :
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DIET-RELATED DISEASE OSTEOPOROSIS
Due to the lack of _________________________________in the diet of an adult
Low density of the ________________& the bonesbecome ____________________
The risk of contracting osteoporosis can be reduced inthe following ways :
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PELLAGRA
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ATHEROSCLEROSIS
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Photosynthesis is a process
whereby__________________
__________________________
Materials used during the process of
photosynthesis are:The by-products are:.
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The importance of photosynthesis
To provide ________________________Heterotrophs are dependent on ___________,
because they _____________produce their own
food.Auto means________: troph means_______
Thus plants are ______________ organisms
meaning that they make their own food.
Photoautotrophs can ___________________.
Includes: ______________________________
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Where in the plants does
photosynthesis occur?
Photosynthesis occurs in the______________of
plant cells.
The chloroplasts are mainly concentrated in the
________________ ofleaves.
Chloroplast contain__________
_______________ that absorbs sunlight.
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HOW RAW MATERIALS REACH THE
CHLOROPLASTS_________is absorbed through the __________into the
___________of the ______, into the _________ of the_________, through the_________ of the _________ intothe_________ cells and finally into the_________.
_________ _____________diffuses from the atmospherethrough the _________, into the _________ _________ inthe leaves, and finally into the _________ of the
_________ cells.
The _________ and other pigments in the __________________ absorb the _________ _________ to drivephotosynthesis
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The function of the stomata in
photosynthesis
A stomata is a _________ that is found on the
_________.
It plays a vital role in the _________ _________; Carbon
dioxide diffuses from the atmosphere through the
____________into the_________.
Oxygen diffuses from the leaves through the_________
into the_________.
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The importance of photosynthesis
A review
o Photosynthesis produce_________ intothe_________.
o Plants store excess_________ as_________ in________________________________________________
o Plants produce_________ by through theprocess of_________.
6 9 M t i t &
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MACROnutr ients: needed in _________
quantities
MICROnutr ients: needed in _________
quantities.
6.9 Macronutrients &
Micronutrients in Plants
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_________ (scientist) successfully
prepared a solution which can provide a plant with
all the _________
The solution is known as _________
Calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2 0.8g
Potassium nitrate, KNO3 0.2g
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, KH2PO4 0.2g
Magnesium sulphate, MgSO4 0.2g
Ferum (III) phosphate, FePO4 Trace
Distilled water 1 litre
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9.10 The Discovery o f Pho tosyn thesis
1692 Dutch scientist,_________ _________carriedout an investigation to study the_________of plants.
He filled a big pot with exactly_________
planted a plant (_________)
the_________covered with a metal sheet with small
_________to allow_________to enter
Van watered the plants for_________consistently
plant (increased to_________), soil (decreased by_________)
Van Helmontconcluded that the_________in weight of
the plant came from the_________& not the ____.
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The Discovery of Photosynthesis 1772_________ _________carried out an
experiment using_________ _________ The plant had changed the_________in the
container. 1770s_________ discovered that a plant could
only change the air container if there was _________
. He also discovered that only the________________of the plant were able to do so.(______________________ both play a part inphotosynthesis)
1780s______________showed that the plants gaveout ____________when they were provided with
______________
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PHOTOSYNTHESISThe _________ process through
which _________ energy isabsorbed by _________ , and isused to fuel the synthesis of
_________
The process where _________compounds are synthesised from
_________ & _________ in thepresence of _________ & _________
.
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STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF THEPARTS OF A LEAF
Ad t ti f L f f O ti l
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Adaptations of Leaf for Optimal
Photosynthesis The internal _________ of a leaf, the _________
of a leaf & the _________ of leaves on a plants areall adapted for obtaining optimum _________ &
_________
The shape of a leaf is also adapted forphotosynthesis. Most leaves are _________ .
_________ surface area enables the leaf to absorb
_________ The _________ light & CO2 need not travel too
_________ to reach every _________
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Adaptations of Leaf for Optimal
Photosynthesis
The arrangement of
leaves is also adapted
_________________
___________________ Most plants
___________their
leaves in such a way
that there is ___________________ known
as_____________ every leaf can receive
____________.
Two main aspects :
Examples :
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6.11:THE
MECHANISMOFPHOTOSYNTHESIS
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Photosynthesisoccurs in in the
___________ of______________ &__________ of theleaf.
Consist of two part :______________
Each granum contain
chlorophyll that_______________________________
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The process of photosynthesis is divided into
two :
Light reaction : occurs in the_________
(contain chlorophyll) _____________
Dark reaction : occurs in the_______ (gel-
like matrixcontain ___________ ______)
CO2 is reduced to ____________ in a
process called _____________________
(____________________________)
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LIGHT REACTION Occurs in _________________
Chlorophyll _____________________________
excites the ______________________to higher level
Light energy is used to ____________________
hydroxyl ions + hydrogen ions (_____________ofwater)
4H2O 4H+ + 4(OH)-
The hydrogen ions combine with the electronsreleased by _______________________________
4(H)+ + 4 electrons 4(H)
sunlight
chlorophyll
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LIGHT REACTION
The hydrogen atom are used in __________ to
reduce __________ .
Each hydroxyl ion loses an electron to the chlorophyll
hydroxyl groups combine together to form
__________ & __________ 4(OH)- - 4 electrons 4(OH)
4(OH) 2H2O + O2
Oxygen is released into the ______________ & laterused for __________ __________
Energy released from the excited electrons is used to
form __________
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DARK REACTION
Occurs in the __________ of the __________
Hydrogen atoms from __________ are used in
dark reaction to __________ __________ to basic
units of__________
Involves a series of complex chemical reactions
which require __________
CO2 + 4(H) (CH2O) + H2O
__________ units of (CH2O) combine together to
form __________
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DARK REACTION
6(CH2O) C6H12O6 Glucose is converted into starch___________
______________________
When combined with ________________ Overall process :
12H2O + 6CO2 C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
Water + carbon dioxide glucose + oxygen + water
sunlight
chlorophyll
sunlight
chlorophyll
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COMPARISON OF LIGHT REACTION & DARK
REACTION
LIGHT REACTION DARK REACTION
SIMILARITIES
Both
DIFFERENCES
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1) CONCENTRATION OF CO2 Conc. of CO2 in the atmosphere varies
between ______________
Light ______________ & ______________ arekept constant the rate of photosynthesisincreases until a ______________ is reach
After this point, any ______________ increasein the conc. of CO2 has ______________ onthe rate of photosynthesis
______________ by other factors(______________), not enough to increasethe ______________ of photosynthesis
6. 12 :FACTORS AFFECTING PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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2) LIGHT INTENSITY ______________________ of CO2 are kept
constant, the rate of photosynthesis can be___________by increasing the____________ up to the light_______________________.
After this point, any __________increase in
light intensity has______________ on therate of photosynthesis (limiting factor
:__________________ Can be increased by increasing the
__________________
3) TEMPERATURE
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3) TEMPERATURE Dark reaction involves _______
The rate of photosynthesis _________ asthe temperature______________enzymes more______________
Optimum temp. is between
______________ , the rate of reaction______________ ____________________________ stops
If the light intensity is too______________, any increase in______________ will______________the rate of photosynthesis
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE RATE OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS THROUGHOUT THE DAY WITH THE
CHANGES IN LIGHT INTENSITY & TEMPERATURE
______________ & change throughoutthe day
Light intensity ______________, the______________ is also high.
______________ country, LI & T are attheir maximum at ______________ time.The rate of photosynthesis is also
.
If temperature increases above the rate
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If temperature increases above ______ , the rate
of photosynthesis ______________ .
In temperate country (_________ ), LI & T change
______________ the year.
Winter : LI & T are very______________.
Photosynthesis______________ Autumn : the rate of photosynthesis is at its ____
plants______________ their leaves & light
intensity as well as the______________ Summer : LI & T are at their______________
for photosynthesis, the rate of photosynthesis is at
its______________.
i th b t ti f
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_______ is the best time for ________
To overcome the problem, the plants need to
be planted in ___________. In a greenhouse, the ________ __________,
temperature & light intensity are at
_______________ for photosynthesis. The rate of photosynthesis is at its
___________ throughout the year, ensure the
______________ throughout the year.
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6.13 Practising a Caring Attitude Towards
Plants
Must be thankful to plants & practise a _________________ towards them
Why?
Plants produce food as a ______________ for us,
maintaining the _________________________content in atmosphere
Without plants, there will be more ___________________in the atmosphere cause_________________
Not destroy ___________@_______________indiscriminately.
Should grow ________________around us.
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6.14 Technology in Food
Production
To improve the ______________ of foodproduction in Malaysia through :
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6.15 : TECHNOLOGICALDEVELOPMENT IN FOODPROCESSING
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Fresh food can last only for a short time, easily
spoilt.
Need to be processed in order to last longer
Technology for food processing :
Changing raw food materials to other forms
Adding certain chemical
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The necessity for food processing are :
Destroying m/organisms
Extending the lifespan of food
Avoiding food wastage
Diversifying the uses of food, like milk & dairy
products
Ensuring sufficient food supply because processed
food can last longer & they can be easily sent to
places with insufficient food supply
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FOOD PROCESSING METHODS
Cooking (to kill the bad bacteria) Using salt, sugar & vinegar (osmosis)
Fermentation process (yeast is used glucoseethanol + CO2)
Drying (dehydration)
Pasteurisation (heated to certain temp and rapidcooling)
Canning (sterilised at high temp, above 120oC, the
container is vacuumto kill bacteria, preventbacteria from growing)
Refrigeration (slow down the action ofmicroorganism, temp low to -15oC)