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8/7/2019 AP Bio Plants (KFogler)
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AP Biology 2007-2008
Domain
Bacteria
Domain
Archaea
Domain
Eukarya
Common ancestor
Kingdom: Plants
Domain Eukarya
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AP Biology
The first plants
For more than 3 billion years, Earth¶s
terrestrial surface was lifeless
life evolved in the seas
1st photosynthetic organisms wereaquatic green algae
Chlamydomonas
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AP Biology
Evolution of Land Plants
500 mya land plants evolved
special adaptations for life on dry land
protection from drying = desiccation
waxy cuticle gas exchange (through cuticle)
stomates
water & nutrient
conducting systems xylem & phloem
protection for embryo
seeds
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AP Biology
Plant Diversity
Bryophytes
non-vascular land plants
Pteridophytes
seedlessvascular plants
Gymnosperm
pollen &³naked´ seeds
Angiosperm
flowers & fruit
pollen & seeds
vascular system = water conduction
mosses ferns
conifersflowering plants
colonization of land
Tracheophytes
xylem cells = tracheidsAncestral Protist
flowers
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AP Biology
Animal vs. Plant life cycle
diploidmulticellular
individual2n
diploidmulticellular sporophyte
2n
haploidmulticellular gametophyte
1n
haploidunicellular gametes
1n
gametes1n
Animal Plant
alternation of generations
meiosis
fertilization
mitosis
mitosismitosis
fertilization
mitosis
no multicellular haploid
meiosis
spores1nzygote 2n
zygote 2n
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AP Biology
First land plants
Bryophytes: mosses & liverworts
non-vascular
no water transport system
no true roots
swimming sperm
flagellated sperm
lifecycle dominated by
haploid gametophyte stage
fuzzy moss plant you arefamiliar with is haploid
spores for reproduction
haploid cells which sprout
to form gametophyte
diploidhaploid
Where must
mosses live?
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AP Biology
Bryophytes: mosses & liverworts
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AP Biology
Peat Bog³Peat Moss´
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AP Biology
First vascular plants
Pteridophytes: ferns
vascular water transport system
xylem, phloem, roots, leaves
swimming sperm flagellated sperm
life cycle dominated bysporophyte stage leafy fern plant you are
familiar with is diploid fragile independent
gametophyte (prothallus)
spores for reproduction haploid cells which sprout
to form gametophyte
diploid
Where must
ferns live?
haploid
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AP Biology
Pteridophytes: FernsSelaginella Psilotum
Horsetails Ferns
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AP Biology
Alternation of generations
Fern gametophyte (1n)
small haploid plant which produces gametes
homospory: male & female on same plant
archegonia
antheridia
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AP Biology
diploid
Alternation of generations
haploid
produces male
& female gametes
archegonia
antheridia
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AP Biology
Early Pteridophytes: Tree Ferns
Carboniferous forest ± 290-350 mya
Forests of seedless plants decayed into deposits of coal & oil
Foss il fuels«I get it!
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AP Biology
Pteridophytes: Tree ferns
frondsfrondsfiddleheadsfiddleheads
With frondslike these who
needs enemies!
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AP Biology
First seed plants
Gymnosperm: conifers
vascular
heterospory male vs. female gametophytes
seeds naked seeds (no fruit)
pollen contain male gametophyte
life cycle dominated by sporophyte stage coniferous trees you are familiar with are diploid
reduced (microscopic) gametophyte
reduction of gametophyte protects delicate egg &embryo in protective sporophyte
protected from drought & UV radiation
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AP Biology
Early Gymnosperm: ginkgo
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AP Biology
Early Gymnosperm: cycads
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AP Biology
Gymnosperm: conifers
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AP Biology
Cones & naked seeds
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AP Biology
male
female
male (pollen) cones
female cones
sporangium & pollen
pine embryo
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AP Biology
Pollen
Pollen
eliminated the
requirement for
water for fertilization
spread
through wind
& animal
Where canconifers live?
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AP Biology
First flowering plants
Angiosperm: flowering plants
vascular
heterospory male vs. female gametophytes
flower specialized structure for sexual reproduction
seeds within fruit
pollen
life cycle dominated bysporophyte stage trees & bushes you are familiar
with are diploid
reduced (microscopic)gametophyte
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AP Biology
Angiosperm life cyclepollengrains
new sporophytein seed (diploid)
ovary sac
3n endosperm
2n zygote
doublefertilization
female gametophyte =ovary sac (haploid)
male gametophyte =pollen grain (haploid)
sperm nuclei traveldown pollen tube
2n embryo
polar nuclei
eggcell
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AP Biology
Anther
FilamentStamen
Stigma
Style
Ovary
Carpel
Sepal
Petal
Ovule
sepalspetals
Flower
Modified shoot with 4 rings
of modified leaves
sepals
petals stamens
male
carpel female stamens
carpel
adaptations through mutations
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AP Biology
Identify the flower structures«
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AP Biology
Flower variations
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AP Biology
Angiosperm: fruiting plants
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AP Biology
Other fruits«
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AP Biology
Seed & Plant embryo
Seed offers«
protection for
embryo
stored nutrientsfor growth of
embryo
seed coat
endosperm(3n)
cotyledons
embryo (2n)
cotyledons = ³seed´ leaves,
first leaves of new plant
cotyledons = ³seed´ leaves,
first leaves of new plant
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AP Biology
Monocots & dicots
Angiosperm are divide into 2 classes
dicots (eudicot)
2 cotyledons (seed leaves)
leaves with network of veins woody plants, trees, shrubs, beans
monocots
1 cotyledon
leaves with parallel veins
grasses, palms, lilies
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AP Biology
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AP Biology 2007-2008
Any
Questions??
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AP Biology 2007-2008
Animal vs. Plant life cycle
diploidmulticellular
individual2n
diploidmulticellular sporophyte
2n
haploidmulticellular gametophyte
1n
haploidunicellular gametes
1n
spores1n
gametes1n
Animal Plant
alternation of generations
meiosis
fertilization
mitosis meiosis
mitosismitosis
fertilization
mitosis
8/7/2019 AP Bio Plants (KFogler)
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AP Biology
Animal vs. Plant life cycle
diploidmulticellular
individual2n
diploidmulticellular sporophyte
2n
haploidmulticellular gametophyte
1n
haploidunicellular gametes
1n
spores1n
gametes1n
Animal Plant
alternation of generations
meiosis
fertilization
mitosis meiosis
mitosismitosis
fertilization
mitosis
