Nutrition and Wound Healing Jennifer KanetskyDietetic Intern

Objectives

•Understand what nutrition is and its importance

•Identify the 3 macronutrients

•Identify healthier food choices

•Understand the importance of nutrition related to wounds

Why is it important to be healthy?Being overweight or obese can lead to…•Hypertension•High cholesterol•Type 2 diabetes•Heart disease•Stroke•Gallbladder disease•Osteoarthritis•Sleep apnea•Cancer

Why is it important to be healthy?Being underweight can also lead to problems…•Heart Disease•Diabetes•Breast Cancer•Slow wound healing•Infertility•Osteoporosis

What is nutrition

•It is providing the proper nutrients to your body allowing for proper growth and development.

Blood sugar control

•Blood sugar goals▫Pre-prandial: 90-130 mg/dL▫Post-prandial: <180 mg/dL

▫Each episode of blood sugar out of range can delay wound healing.

What is in our food?

•Carbohydrates▫ 4 calories per gram

•Protein ▫4 calories per gram

•Fat▫ 9 calories per gram

Carbohydrates

•50-60% of calories•Purpose:

▫Provide the body with energy▫Preferred energy source

•Types:▫Simple▫Complex

Simple Carbohydrates

•Easily broken down•Provides quick energy•Excess converted to fat for storage

Complex Carbohydrates

•Broken down more slowly▫More fiber

Broken down slowly = fuller longer = longer satiated

•Majority of carbohydrates in the diet should be complex

Complex Carbohydrates

•Examples:▫1 slice whole-grain bread▫1 cup whole grain cereal▫½ cup cooked pasta or rice

White Rice vs. Brown RiceWhite Rice Brown Rice

1 cup (158 g)• 206 calories• 0 g Fat• 55 mg Potassium• 1 g Fiber• 4 g Protein• 24 mg Magnesium• 0.8 mg zinc

1 cup (195 g)• 216 calories• 2g Fat (mono and

polyunsat)• 84 mg Potassium• 4g Fiber• 5g Protein• 86 mg magnesium• 1.2 mg zinc

Protein• Purpose:

▫Promotes muscle and connective tissue growth; ▫Formation of antibodies to strengthen immune

system▫Foundation of hormones, enzymes, and blood cells

• Found in:▫ meats, poultry, and fish▫ beans and peas▫ tofu▫ eggs▫ nuts and seeds▫ milk & dairy products

Protein Tips

• Choose leaner meats▫Substitute ground turkey for beef

• Get hooked on fish! Eat fish twice a week for a great source of protein!

•Include protein at every meal to curb feelings of hunger

Fat—I can actually eat fat?

•20-30% of calories•Purpose:

▫Essential for absorption of some vitamins▫Protects body organs

•Types▫Saturated▫Unsaturated

Saturated Fats

•The “bad” fat•Solid at room temperature

▫White, visible fat found in meats▫Dairy products

Whole milk Butter Cream Hard cheeses

▫Coconut and palm oils

Unsaturated fats

•The “good” fat•Liquid at room temperature

▫Examples: Olive and canola oil Nuts/nut butters Fish oils Avocado

Fat Tips

•Choose olive oil when cooking versus butter

•Choose low-fat or fat-free alternatives

•Avoid fried foods and bake or grill instead

•Substitute applesauce or plain yogurt for oil when baking

Vitamins and Minerals•Vitamin C

▫Increases the strength of the wound as it heals, creates collagen in the skin, important in the creation of blood vessels, and helps with iron absorption.

•Vitamin A▫Helps fight off infection, controls inflammatory

response.•Zinc

▫Helps body synthesize proteins and develop collagen

Beverages

•Don’t forget about liquid calories!•Beware of beverages with added sugars

▫Gatorade, energy drinks, soda, mixed drinks, sweetened coffees, even juices and vitamin waters

•Interesting fact according to the CDC:▫Over half of Americans consume sugary

drinks daily, particularly teens and young adults

Coke:

8 oz of coke = 27 g sugar = 100 calories

20 oz bottle= 65 g sugar = 240 calories

If you had 8 oz/day = 700 calories/week

10 week course= 7,000 calories

To burn 100 calories:-Walk up 33 flights of stairs- Walk uphill for 15 minutes- Power walk for 20 minutes- Run 1 mile

Vitamin Water:

8 0z. = 13 g sugar = 50 calories

1 Bottle = 33 g sugar = 125 calories

1 Bottle day = 875 calories/week

10 week TFG program = 8,750 calories

Beverages

•Choose water as much as possible, but if you must…▫Try adding lemon to water▫Choose unsweetened tea or black coffee

Healthy snack options

•An apple with 1-2 Tbsp PB•A piece of fruit with low fat string cheese•Greek low fat/nonfat yogurt•Whole grain crackers with fruit or

vegetables•Edamame

Keys to a Healthy Diet

•Variety

•Moderation

•Balance

Change of Plate?NewOld

Change of Plate

•Grains- 6 servings▫Make half your grains whole grains

1 slice whole grain bread 1 cup whole grain cereal ½ cup rice/oatmeal

•Vegetables- 2 ½ -3 servings ▫Vary your veggies

1 cup raw spinach ½ cup broccoli 1 medium potato

Change of plate

•Fruit- 2 servings▫Focus on fruit

½ cup strawberries 1 large banana ½ cup dried fruit

▫Dairy- 3 servings Get your calcium-rich foods

1 cup milk 1 cup yogurt 1 slice cheese

Change of plate

•Protein- 5 ½ - 6 ½ ounces▫Go lean with protein

1 oz meat/ 1 slice turkey meat 1 egg ¼ cup cooked beans

•Oils- 6 teaspoons▫Choose healthier unsaturated oils

1 Tbsp. oil = 3 tsp. 2 Tbsp. peanut butter = 4 tsp. oil 2 Tbsp. Italian dressing = 2 tsp.

Subway 6” Tuna

Subway 6” Turkey

Which do you think is better?

Eat

This……Not That

Subway 6” Tuna

530 calories30 g Fat

Subway 6” Turkey

280 calories3.5 g Fat

Bourbon Whopper

Whopper Jr.

Which do you think is better?

Eat This…

…Not ThatBourbon Whopper

910 calories57 g Fat

Whopper Jr.

340 calories19 g Fat

How many calories do I need?

•To burn 1 pound of fat you must burn 3,500 calories

•1 pound a week = 500 calories a day burned

•2 pounds a week = 1,000 calories a day burned

Questions?